Global Journal of the Cause of Cancer
Cancer and other noncommunicable illnesses are at risk from tobacco use, alcohol usage, poor diet, physical inactivity, and air pollution. Cancer risk factors include some chronic infections, which is a problem in low- and middle-income nations.
Genetic alterations that induce unchecked cell growth and tumour formation are the root cause of cancer. The primary causes of sporadic (non-familial) malignancies are genomic instability and DNA damage. Genetic mutations that are inherited cause a small percentage of malignancies. The majority of malignancies are caused by environmental, behavioural, or lifestyle exposures. Despite the fact that oncoviruses and cancer germs can cause cancer in people, the disease is typically not communicable. Researchers studying cancer refer to anything that interacts with people outside of the body as "environmental." The environment encompasses lifestyle and behavioural influences in addition to the biophysical environment (such as exposure to elements like air pollution or sunshine).
Genetics
Despite the fact that there are more than 50 hereditary cancers that can be distinguished, only 0.3% of people carry a genetic mutation that increases the risk of developing cancer, and these instances account for just 3–10% of all cancer cases. [3] Almost all malignancies are not inherited ("sporadic cancers"). An inherited genetic flaw is the main cause of hereditary malignancies. An inherited genetic mutation in one or more genes predisposes the affected persons to the development of cancers and may also cause the early onset of these diseases. This condition is known as a cancer syndrome or familial cancer syndrome. Cancer risk varies, even though cancer syndromes show an increased risk. Cancer is a rare side effect of some of these disorders and is not their main characteristic.
symptoms of cancer
Ataxia–telangiectasia
Bloom's disease
Fanconi anaemia due to BRCA1 and BRCA2
Adenomatous polyposis in families
ovarian and breast cancer that runs in families
Hereditary colorectal cancer without polyposis
Syndrome of Li-Fraumeni
Syndrome of nevoid basal-cell carcinoma
Disease of Von Hippel-Lindau
The Werner syndrome
Hyperpigmentation syndrome
Physical and chemical agents
Some compounds, known as carcinogens, have been associated with particular cancer forms.
Inhaled asbestos, certain dioxins, and cigarette smoke are typical examples of non-radioactive carcin ogens. Despite the fact that most people identify carcinogenicity with synthetic chemicals, it can occ ur in both natural and artificial substances.
Smoking
80% of lung cancers are brought on by tobacco use, which is linked to many other types of cancer[20 ]. Research over many years has shown a connection between smoking and cancers of the lungs, lary nx, head, neck, stomach, bladder, kidney, oesophagus, and pancreas.
A minor but significant elevated risk of myeloid leukaemia, squamous cell sinonasal cancer, liver can cer, colorectal cancer, malignancies of the gallbladder, adrenal gland, small intestine, and numerous children cancers has been suggested by some data. There are seven chemicals in cigarette smoke tha t have been linked to respiratory tract cancer.
Certain toxins primarily affect cells physically, as opposed to chemically, to induce cancer. Long-term exposure to asbestos, a naturally occurring mineral fibre that is a leading cause of mesothelioma, a cancer of the serous membrane most commonly found around the lungs, is a notable example of this.
Wollastonite, attapulgite, glass wool, and rock wool are among the compounds in this category that are thought to have effects that are comparable to those of asbestos. Powdered metallic cobalt, nick el, and crystalline silica are non-fibrous particle cancer causing substances (quartz, cristobalite, and tridymite)
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