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in colleges because their attitude toward religion is—not hostile—but merely indifferent.” 21 Two broad strata of graduate students came to Chicago. The first were graduate students who matriculated in one of the regular academic terms, especially autumn quarter, and who intended to study for an M.A. degree or, less frequently, a Ph.D. degree. The great majority of students who achieved a doctorate tended to come from midwestern, western, or southern baccalaureate institutions, not from the prestigious private universities in the East. A survey of institutions that sent five or more graduate students to Chicago between 1920 and 1930 (for a total of 801 students) found that 227 students came from the undergraduate programs of the University of Chicago itself, while Toronto sent 33, Missouri 21, Kansas 20, Texas 19, Indiana 19, Wisconsin 19, Illinois 18, Northwestern 16, McMaster 15, Nebraska 13, Ohio State 11, California 11, Ohio Wesleyan 10, Manitoba 10, Michigan 10, Minnesota 10, and Queens University 10 (to cite only institutions that sent 10 or more). In contrast, Harvard University sent only 11 students, Brown 8, Cornell 7, Yale 7, Columbia 6, and Dartmouth 6.22 The number of doctorates produced at Chicago by 1910 was the largest among universities in the United States: 448 Ph.D.s were granted between 1898 and 1910, with an average of 37 annually. This number grew substantially after World War I, with the annual rate of doctorates between 1920 and 1930 increasing to 123. Departments in the physical sciences accounted for 30 percent of all doctorates granted between
21. “Wife Part of Ideal. Dr. Harper Says Professors Should Be Married and Fathers,” Chicago Tribune, January 29, 1904, p. 1. 22. Reeves and Russell, Admission and Retention, pp. 141–142.