12 Oral Pathology
Case-control Retrospective Study of Osteosarcoma Incidence in Fluoridated and Non-fluoridated Communities. Abdullatef., A.M Nureddin BDS. PG-Diploma. MDSc. DDSc. Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology. College of Dentistry. Tripoli University nureddinabdullatef@yahoo.com
Adel Mohamed Abdel-Azim. Professor of oral pathology. Faculty of dentistry-Ain-Shams University. Cairo-Egypt adelmam55@yahoo.com
Mohamed Salah-Eldin Ayoub Professor and Head of Oral Pathology Department. Faculty of Dentistry Ain-Shams University.
Abstract There are conflicting data regarding the association between fluoride exposure in drinking water and the incidence of osteosarcoma in man and animals. However, fluoride exposure shows great variation between north-western region of Libya and Cairo-Egypt. In the north-western part of Libya, tap water is naturally fluoridated with a mean of about 1.38 ppm, while drinking water in Cairo is considered non-fluoridated with fluoride concentration of about 0.4 ppm Therefore, the aim of our study is to compare a match case-control retrospective analysis of lifetime fluoride exposure and the incidence of osteosarcoma in these two communities. 20 cases of osteosarcoma from each community were retrieved from the archives of General Pathology and Orthopedic Departments of Sabrath Tumour Institute, Tripoli Medical Center (Libya), Cairo National Cancer Institute and Ain-Shams Hospital (Egypt). Clinical data were also retrieved from archives of these departments with exclusion criteria of any radiation therapy, renal dialysis and incomplete residential history in the home country. Statistical analysis of variance as a pair-wise test was performed to evaluate the level of significance. The result showed 85% of osteosarcomas were diagnosed in patients aged between 10-30 years in naturally fluoridated community (Libya) in contrast to non-fluoridated community where 65% of osteosarcomas cases were diagnosed between ages 10-30 years. Furthermore, sex distribution showed 65% of cases were females in fluoridated community, and just 30% of cases were females. in non-fluoridated community. However, statistical analysis revealed no statistically significance difference among age distribution in fluoridat-
Dental News, Volume XXII, Number III, 2015
ed and non-fluoridated community (P value = 0.078), but there were a significance difference among sex distribution (P value = 0.028). It is concluded from this study that osteosarcoma affects females more than males in fluoridated community and more frequently seen between ages 10-30 year in fluoridated community. Keywords Osteosarcoma, fluoride, case-control, retrospective, Libya, Egypt, age, sex, P-value test, naturally fluoridated, non-fluoridated, Sabrath Tumour Institute, Tripoli Medical Center, Cairo National Cancer Institute, Ain-Shams Hospital.
Introduction Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor which represent a heterogenous group of tumors with different histological and clinical features as well as biological behavior and therapy.1 However, World Health Organization (WHO) listed several variants of osteosarcomas that differ in location, clinical behavior and level of cellular atypia. The conventional or classical osteosarcoma is the most frequent variant, which develops in the medullary region of the bone and can be subdivided in osteoblastic, chondroblastic and fibroblastic histological types, depending on the type of extra-cellular matrix produced by tumour cells.2 Osteosarcoma is largely a disease of young adults, where it most frequently occurs in the second decade with some 60% of patients under the age of 25 years. It appears that males are affected 1.5 to 2 times as frequently as females.3