244
GRAMMAR
㠒Ὴ㦖 ☯⁎⧮㣪. 㠒Ὴ㦖 㡞㊮┺.
Her face is round. (topic or contrast) Her FACE is pretty. (contrast)
☞㦖 㭧㣪䞮㬶. ☞㦖 㧞㠊㣪.
Money is important, of course. (topic) MONEY,
I have. (contrast)
The element marked by -㦖/⓪ often corresponds to the subject of the sentence, but sometimes it occurs in addition to a subject as in: 䞲ῃ㦖 Ṗ㦚㧊 㞚⯚╋┺.
In Korea, autumn is beautiful.
㌆㦖 ㍺㞛㌆㧊 㾲ἶ㡞㣪.
As for the mountains, Sǂrak Mt. is the best.
19.3.1 Uses of -㦖/⓪ when it marks a topic • To set the stage for the rest of the sentence, by indicating what it is to be about 㧊 䅖㧋㦖 㰗㩧 Ⱒ✲㎾㠊㣪?
This cake, did you make it yourself?
㥺䢎⓪ 㡺⓮ ⍻䌖㧊⯒ ⱎ㠊.
As for Yunho, he was wearing a tie today.
㡂⯚㠦⓪ ⌟Ⳋ㧊Ⳋ ⁎Ⱒ㧊┺.
In summer, naengmyǂn is all you need.
ἶ ⟾㠊㰖ἶ⓪ 㤊㠦 ╂⪎┺. Passing or failing the exam depends on luck. • To express old information (either known to both the speaker and the listener, or part of the shared background) A: ⟷㦖 Ṗ ⲏ㠞㠊? B: ⟷㧊 㧞㠞㠊? ⋮⓪ ⴑ ⽺⓪◆.
The rice cake, who ate it?
A: 㓺䌖㤢㯞⓪ 㩫Ⱖ ╖㧧㧊㟒. B: 㓺䌖㤢㯞Ṗ 㠊⟺ 㡗䢪㧎◆?
Star Wars is really a masterpiece. What kind of movie is Star Wars?
Was there a rice cake? I didn’t see it.
NOTE: ‘Rice cake’ and ‘Star Wars’ are NEW information to B and therefore don’t appear with -㦖/⓪ in his utterances.
㹾⓪ 㠊⟺ Ỏ⪲ ㌂㔺 ㌳ṗ㧊㎎㣪?
As for the car, what kind are you planning to buy?
• To define or make a broad statement ㌂⧢㦖 㧊㎇㩗 ☯ⶒ㧊┺.
Men are rational animals.
䞮㢖㧊⓪ 㰖㌗⋯㤦㧊┺.
Hawaii is paradise on earth.
䞲ῃ㦖 ㌒Ⳋ㧊 ┺⪲ ⚮⩂㕎㧎 ☚┺.
Korea is a peninsula surrounded by the ocean on three sides.
• To change the topic 㦢㔳㧊 㠊➢? Ṩ㦖? 㔳╏ 㥚₆⓪? How’s the food? How about the price? What about the ambience of the restaurant?