Silicon Valley and Hi-Tech Entrepreneurship - A Historical Perspective Dong-Hyuk Ju (주동혁) UbiMOS Technologies, Inc. San Jose, CA
K-Night Sunnyvale, CA May 30, 2013
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Silicon Valley ‰ Born in Santa Clara county, expanding into neighboring counties ‰ Population ~2M (1M in San Jose)
Santa Clara County
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The Origin of the Name “Silicon Valley”
Don Hoefler’s article on Jan. 1971 issue of weekly Electronic News.
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Ingredients of Silicon Valley Success People • Engineers, Scientists, Venture Capitalists, Entrepreneurs Educational and Research Institutions • Stanford, UC Berkeley, … Environment and Culture • Isolated but self-sufficient (in early days), nice weather and nature, multicultural, English-speaking Mentality • Passion for work, risk-taking, casual
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Key Milestones 1850
1900
1849 California Gold Rush James Marshall
1891 Opening of Stanford University Age of Electricity
1950
1907 Triode Vacuum Tube Lee De Forest
1909 First Radio Broadcasting Station in U.S., San Jose
from Silicon Valley Perspective 2000
1957 Fairchild Semiconductor “Traitorous 8”
1939 Founding of HP Hewlett, Packard
2010 Wireless Clean Tech Nano Tech…
1977 PC Era Begins. Apple, IBM
1947 Invention of Transistor Shockley, Brattain, Bardeen
1995 Internet Age Clark, Andreessen
Electronics Age Semiconductor PC
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Internet
California Gold Rush, 1849
Non-native population of CA increased to more than 100,000 at end of 1849 from ~1000 in 1848.
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Discovery of Gold at Coloma, CA Jan. 24, 1848
Coloma
Highway 49 entering Coloma
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South Fork River the site where Gold Rush has begun
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James Marshall the carpenter who discovered the first nugget
Monument at the original site of Sutter Mill
Statue of James Marshall, Coloma
Replica of Sutter Mill
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In case you are interested, Coloma
holds annual gold discovery festival in the week of Jan. 24.
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California Gold Rush as a Precursor to the Birth of Silicon Valley Accumulation of wealth, capital, technology and entrepreneurship in northern California Change of Mentality in Ordinary People • from Puritan lifestyle hard-working, frugal, content with one’s life • to chasing American Dream All men are created equal for pursuit of Happiness…, wealth. 11
Lee De Forest, Father of Radio, prolific inventor Ph.D. in EE, Yale University, 1899. Moved to San Francisco in 1910. Invented Triode Vacuum Tube in 1907, setting off electronics age. Built first commercial Triode amplifier in 1912 while working at Federal Telegraph Co. in Palo Alto.
The plaque commemorating the work of De Forest at FTC.
Poster of De Forest, Computer History Museum, MV
The site of Federal Telegraph Research Lab in Palo Alto, where De Forest developed Triode amplifier. 12
Varian Brothers: Russell and Sigurd Russell, MS, Physics, 1927, Stanford (father of Radar) Invented Klystron and practical RADAR, contributed to winning the WW II. Started Varian Associates, Inspiration to Hewlett and Packard Early example of University-Industry collaboration Varian Park in Cupertino opened with donation from Russell Varian
Russell (left) and Sigurd Varian in 1950’s 13
Frederick Terman A True Visionary, Workaholic and Father of Silicon Valley Born in 1900, BS, MS, Stanford, Ph.D. EE, MIT 1924 (at the age of 24) Stanford professor, Dean of Engineering, VP, Provost Strong Advocate of Industry-Academia Collaboration Pioneer of Radio engineering, advisor/mentor to Hewlett and Packard Retired in 1965, consulted Korean government on establishing KAIST, awarded an Order of Civil Merit by Korean government in 1975.
Fred Terman Terman Eng. Bldg, Stanford University
Terman greeting Packard (left) and Hewlett (center)
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Bill Hewlett and David Packard Launching HP in 1939 Hewlett from SF, Packard from Colorado Hewlett: BSEE, 1934, Stanford, MSEE, MIT, 1937 Packard: BSEE, 1934, Stanford, worked at GE Started HP in 1939 in Palo Alto, built corporate culture “HP Way” Lifelong business partner and friends, model citizens
Hewlett (right) and Packard in the garage
The house and garage where Hewlett and Packard lived and launched HP. 15
The HP Garage Palo Alto, CA The garage was the office, R&D center and manufacturing plant.
Fully restored to the original shape in early HP days Symbol of high-tech entrepreneurship CA Historic Landmark, National Historic Place
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Invention of Transistor, Dec. 1947 Brattain, Bardeen and Shockley ‰ Three physicists at Bell Labs invented the transistor in Dec. 1947. ‰ They shared Nobel prize in physics in 1956.
Shockley (sitting), Brattain (right) and Bardeen
The model replica of the transistor 17 invented at Bell Labs
William Shockley Father of Electronics Age Brilliant Physicist, Nobel Laureate Grew up in Palo Alto, BS, 1932, Caltech, MS, Ph.D. 1936 MIT, Physics Founded Shockley Semiconductor Lab in Mountain View, CA in 1955 Stanford Professor, EE, Eugenics research. Failed life in later years.
Shockley as a Stanford professor
The book Shockley wrote became a bible to engineers in early days of transistors. 18
Brattain and Bardeen Walter Brattain: • BS 1924, Whitman College, Ph.D. Physics, 1929 Univ. of Minnesota • Experimental physicist at Bell Labs, Retired as a professor at Whitman College
John Bardeen: • BS EE 1928, Univ. of Wisconsin, Ph.D. physics 1936, Princeton • Theoretical physicist, two-time winner of Nobel prize in Physics (1956, 1972)
Brattain holding a transistor model
US stamp commemorating Bardeen’s scientific achievement
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Broken Genius vs. True Genius
A book about the life of Shockley
A book about the life of Bardeen 20
The Return of Shockley to California, 1955 Shockley returned to Palo Alto, persuaded by Terman, started Shockley Semiconductor Lab in Mountain View. SSL became the catalyst to the birth of Silicon Valley.
Good days at SSL. Celebrating Shockley’s winning of Nobel prize in 1956.
391 San Antonio Road, MV At the site of SSL now stands a grocery store.
On the sidewalk just outside the grocery store stands a sign referring to work done by SSL.
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Fairchild Semiconductor The Birth of Silicon Valley, Sep. 1957 Fairchild Semiconductor Palo Alto, CA
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Eight engineers left Shockley Semiconductor Lab and started their own company, Fairchild Semiconductor, less than 2 miles north of SSL, in September 1957.
Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory Mountain View, CA 22
The Original Fairchild Building Palo Alto, CA
The original Fairchild building still standing at 844 E. Charleston Road, Palo Alto
Plaques next to the entrance of the building 23
The Traitorous Eight Eight employees of Shockley Semiconductor Lab, ranging from 28 to 34 years of age, co-founded Fairchild Semiconductor, in September 1957. Robert Noyce: Grinnell College (Iowa), Ph.D EE MIT, 1927-1990 Gordon Moore: UC Berkeley, Ph.D. Chem, CalTech, 1929 Julius Blank: BS, Meng, New York City College, 1925-2011 Sheldon Roberts: Ph.D. MatSc, MIT, 1926 Victor Grinich: Ph.D. EE, Stanford, 1924-2000 Jean Hoerni: Ph.D. in Physics, Cambridge Univ., 1924-1997 Eugene Kleiner: BS MEng, New York Univ., 1923-2003 Jay Last: Ph.D. Physics, MIT, 192924
8 Co-founders of Fairchild Semiconductor (and Silicon Valley)
1957 photo: clockwise from Noyce (foreground), Hoerni, Blank, Grinich, Kleiner, Moore, Roberts, Last
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50 Years Later, 2007 @Stanford Univ. Reflecting on Early Days of Fairchild Semiconductor
Julius Blank, Jay Last, Gordon Moore, Arthur Rock (right) at the Fairchild Semiconductor 50th Anniversary Panel Discussion, Stanford University, Oct. 4, 2007
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Robert Noyce, Mayor of Silicon Valley Visionary, Entrepreneur, Motivator, Inventor of Integrated Circuits
Co-founded Fairchild Semiconductor and Intel Missed opportunity to win Nobel Prize, twice. Nobel Prize in Physics, 2000 for the invention of IC
Nobel Prize in Physics, 1973 for tunneling phenomena in semiconductors
Jack Kilby (Robert Noyce)
Leo Esaki (Robert Noyce)
Noyce’s 1956 lab notebook describing tunneling effect
Esaki’s paper published 27 in 1958
Gordon Moore Silicon Valley Native • Born in 1929 in Pescadero, CA • BS 1950 UC Berkeley, • MS Ph.D., Chemistry, 1954 CalTech Downtown Pescadero (17 miles south of Half Moon Bay)
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Gordon Moore
Co-founder of Fairchild and Intel Famous for Semiconductor Innovation Trend, published in 1965, known as Moore’s Law Philanthropist • Donated $600M to alma mater, CalTech in 2001, the largest donation to college in US history
High-tech nerds are setting a new paradigm in philanthropy.
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Jobs, Wozniak and Apple Inc. Pure Silicon Valley-bred engineers and entrepreneurs Driven by extreme passion, ambition and ego Launched Apple in 1977 from a garage in Jobs house • “For once in our lives, we will have a company.” Jobs to Woz, 1976 • “Do you really want to sell sugar water for the rest of your life, or do you want to come with me and change the world?” Jobs to Scully, 1983
1974 photo of Jobs and Woz
Jobs at a dinner table with Noyce 30
The Apple Garage Paul and Clara Jobs raised Steve Jobs through high school in this house, located in Los Altos, CA. Jobs and Woz assembled Apple I computer in this garage, with help from Jobs’ sister Patty and a high school friend of Jobs.
A modest single-story house where Apple was launched. This house may someday be designated as a historical landmark.
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Go West, Young Men - and so they did. William Shockley: CA to NJ to CA Robert Noyce: Iowa to MA to CA Gordon Moore (Intel): CA to Maryland to CA Andy Grove (Intel): Hungary to NY to CA Jerry Sanders (AMD): Chicago to CA Larry Ellison (Oracle): Chicago to Silicon Valley James Clark (Silicon Graphics, Netscape): TX, LA, UT to CA Marc Andreessen (Netscape): Chicago to Silicon Valley Jerry Yang (Yahoo): Taiwan to CA David Filo (Yahoo): New Orleans to Silicon Valley Larry Page, Sergey Brin (Google): Michigan, Maryland to CA Mark Zuckerberg: MA to Silicon Valley 32
The Role of Stanford University Entrepreneurship is in its gene. Many successful companies were started by its graduates, faculties and employees. • HP, Silicon Graphics, SUN, MIPS, Cisco, Cypress, NVIDIA, Yahoo, Google ….. Encouraged from the Top • David Jordan: First president of Stanford (1891-1913) Invested $500 in Federal Telegraph Company • Fred Terman (1925-1965): Strong advocate of UniversityIndustry collaboration and business start-up by graduates • John Hennessey: Current President (2000-) Launched MIPS during his sabbatical in 1984 Sits on the board of Google (65000 shares), Cisco “Publishing research papers and getting them cited is important, but developing a new technology that benefits millions of people is also valuable.” 33
Jim Clark Serial Entrepreneur High School in TX, Navy in New Orleans, took evening classes
at Tulane University, BS Univ. of NO, Ph.D. Univ. Utah (1974) Professor of Comp. Sci, Stanford University (1979-1982) Founded Silicon Graphics (1982), Netscape (1994), and web-based companies (myCFO, Healtheon), … Donated $150M in 1999 to Stanford Univ.
James Clark Center for Biomedical Engineering, Stanford University
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Jerry Yang, David Filo and Yahoo! Jerry Yang, from San Jose, David Filo, from New Orleans, met at Stanford Graduate School. Got bored while their Ph.D. advisor was away on sabbatical. Created Internet directory and launched Yahoo! In 1994.
Jerry Yang and Akiko Yamazaki Environment and Energy Building (Y2E2), Stanford35Univ.
The Story of Larry Page, Sergey Brin and Google Larry Page from Michigan, Sergey Brin, Russian Jew immigrated to US Worked on the same Ph.D. project. Page developed “Page Rank” algorithm, both left Stanford, started Google in 1999. Initial funding of $100K from Andy Bechtolsheim, $25M total from KPCB and Sequoia Capital in less than a year. “It’s the search, stupid!” The rest is history. A Google server in early days
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Attributes of Hi-Tech Entrepreneurs Excel at what you do. Love what you do. • Be passionate, be crazy. Having a high ego is not a bad thing. • It feeds self-motivation. Surround yourself with quality people. • Co-founders are important. Take risks, yet be practical.
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Thank you !
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