Contents

About ThiemeMeulenhoff

ThiemeMeulenhoff is developing from being an educative publisher to a modern learning design company. Our growing expertise, experience and learning solutions makes us a partner for schools in modernizing and improving their education. Together we can highlight the differences between the students and schools, and also make sure that learning becomes more personal, more effective and more efficient.

ThiemeMeulenhoff offers books, but more often digital teaching methods. ThiemeMeulenhoff develops these materials along with the schools.

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ISBN 978 9006 39124 4

First print, first edition, 2016

© ThiemeMeulenhoff, Amersfoort 2016

All rights reserved. No part of this edition may be reproduced, stored in an electronic database, or made public, in any form or by any means, be it electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or in any other way, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

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The publisher has endeavoured to regulate the authors’ rights according to law. However, those who believe that certain rights can still be claimed, may contact the publisher.

This edition has been manufactured in a CO2-neutral way. This edition has been printed on FSC® trademark paper. This paper is produced from environmentally responsible forestry.

How you work with Phoenix 4

age of explorers and reformers

1 Sailing beyond the horizon 6

1.1 Voyages of discovery 10

1.2 The Portuguese trading empire 14 1.3 Spain conquers America 16 1.4 The New World 22 1.5 Europe and the world 26 1.6 Round-up 28 age of explorers and reformers

2 The Revolt 30

2.1 Dissent in the Church 34 2.2 Unrest in the Low Countries 39 2.3 The Revolt breaks out 43 2.4 William of Orange and Philip II 45 2.5 The Republic 48 2.6 Round-up 53 age of regents and kings

3 The Dutch Republic in the Golden Age 56

3.1 Amsterdam: staple market of the world 60 3.2 The East and the VOC 63 3.3 The WIC and Suriname 68 3.4 Faith, tolerance and research 71 3.5 Living the good life and showing it 74 3.6 Round-up 80 age of regents and kings age of explorers and reformers age of wigs and revolutions

4 Enlightenment and Revolution 82

4.1 Louis XIV, an absolute ruler 86 4.2 Enlightenment: theory and practice 90 4.3 The Ancien Régime 93 4.4 The French Revolution 97 4.5 Emperor Napoleon 100 4.6 Round-up 104 age of wigs and revolutions age of citizens and steam engines

5 Manufacturers and Workers 106

5.1 Agrarian and demographic revolutions 110 5.2 The rise of factories 113 5.3 For a handful of shillings 118 5.4 Europe seeks markets 121 5.5 The red spectre haunts Europe 127 5.6 Round-up 130 age of regents and kings age of wigs and revolutions age of citizens and steam engines

6 From colony to world power 132

6.1 Colonists, Native Americans and African Americans 136 6.2 Independence 139 6.3 North and South 144 6.4 American Civil War 146 6.5 World power 149 6.6 Round-up 156

A quick overview of the skills 158 Governance 160 Maps 162 Terms 164 Illustration notes 168

3 age of citizens and steam engines age of world wars i: first world war age of world wars ii: second world war age of television and computer