Santa Rosa Jáuregui

L A R O S A

PFC AGO - DIC 2020 ITESM Campus Qro Arq. Diana García Arq. Pedro Mendoza Arq. Adriana del Castillo

For all the people who believed

Nájera; Claudia González Avendaño,

in

Jorge Larracoechea Siurob, Jorge

us

journey

during to

this

incredible

becoming

architects.

Larracoechea

González

and

Larracoechea

González.

Iñaki

Our dear families, all this work Finally,

is for you; María Teresa Zepeda special

thanks

to

José

Luis

and

Isaac

Reva

Molina, Juan Pablo Alagón Cano and José Eduardo Yáñez Ortíz; Sergio Antonio

López

García,

Alejandra

Nájera García and Fernando López

Balmaseda Gil

for

Ferrer always

believing

in

us

with their unconditional support.

T H E

T E A M D a n i e l a A l a g ó n

A n d r é s L ó p e z

C r i s t i n a Larracoechea

I H U N I

n i r o n

t s b d f

r t a e r

o d u c t i o n o r y n C o r e s & C o m m e r c e a s t r u c t u r e

02

01

INTRODUCTION 4 8 9 12 13

PROBLEMATIC Water

Runoff

Precipitation 2120

18

&

Flooding

Flooding

What Do Inhabitants Think?

19 22 23

S t r a t e g i e s E x p a n s i o n & F i l t r a t i o n

30

D e s i g n

04

03

S T R A T E G I E S 31 34

P R O G R A M Z P W D R

o r e r a

n o t y i

i n g g r a m l a n d P a r k S e a s o n n y S e a s o n

38 39 42 47 50

01

This following chapter is introduced through an in-depth analysis of the urban, social, and historical context of the Santa Rosa Jรกuregui delegation. From the historical beginning to its present time, including the landmarks and cultural roots.

INTRODUCTION L o c a t i o n

&

D e s c r i p t i o n

4

H i s t o r y

8

C o r e

9

C o m m e r c e

1 2

I n f r a s t r u c t u r e

1 3

U r b a n

N o d e s

&

Q

U

E

R

É

T

A

R O

I n t r o d u c t i o n

S A N T A

R O S A

J Ă U R E G U I It is one of seven boroughs of

agricultural activities and thus

the

is home to four ancient haciendas.

municipality

QuerĂŠtaro.

The

Santiago

village

of

de

Santa

The

borough

is

the

largest

of

Rosa has its origins in the 17th

the municipality of QuerĂŠtaro in

century,

terms

when

the

first

settlers

of

surface,

covering

its

paid rent for fifty years to the

northern half, though it is the

owner of the Hacienda of La Solana

smallest in terms of population.

in order to occupy a small tract

It is characterized by the lack of

of land. Nowadays it has 16,966

opportunities and disadvantages in

inhabitants

the territory with a high degree

and

is

located

at

1950 meters above sea level where

of

marginalization,

where

some

the area is a perfect place for

vulnerable sectors of society live.

4

1743 There were 58 haciendas, including: Juriquilla, San José de Buenavista, Santa Rosa, Puerto de Pinto, Santa Catarina, Pie de Gallo and San Miguelito, located in the current territory of the Municipal Delegation of Santa Rosa Jáuregui.

1531

1521

The foundation of the Spanish city of Santiago de Querétaro is pegged to July 25th, when Spaniard Hernán Pérez Bocanegra y Córdoba arrived with his ally and Otomi leader Conín.

Pope Leo X authorized the Franciscans to preach in the Americas.

Fall of Tenochtitlan.

1521

1641 Stronger territorial units appeared, with more precise land rights, under the term H A C I E N D A , which generally designated a rural property, whether agricultural, livestock or mining.

Querétaro was "very fertile, fresh and vicious of grapes, pomegranates and figs, apart from many other fruits from Castilla".

This neighborhood had grown, they were dedicated to raising major and minor cattle, as well as the cultivation of wheat.

1586

On April 29, it was determined that parish aids would be erected in the city and its district, dependent on the parish o f Querétaro.

1712

The town’s foundation took place on March 13, 1753 with the purchase of land by the Franciscans for the establishment of the Auxiliary Parish of Santa Rosa.

1753

1918

1914 1871 "Foundation Act": document in which the land of Timoteo Fernández de Jáuregui is donated in favor of the Santa Rosa City Council, raising the plan ing. Mariano Reyes, who leaves the streets and squares delimited.

The peons of the haciendas of Jofre, Buenavista, Santa Catarina and Montenegro, located in the municipality of Santa Rosa, "accompanied by music and in perfect order" came to the once quiet and peaceful city to request an increase in wages, decrease in tasks and the price of corn, apart from employee rotation.

1917

The endowment of the ejido to the town of Santa Rosa on February 14, 1918, through the resolution issued by President Carranza.

Without question, one of the most important achievements of the Querétaro Congress was Article 27, which can be considered the culmination of centuries of struggles to resolve the problem of land and the poverty of rural people.

Querétaro is politically divided into 18 municipalities and Santa Rosa becomes part of the municipality of Querétaro.

1914 Carranza set out to gather a Constituent Congress. He considered that the seat should be the city of Querétaro, so it was declared the provisional capital of the Republic indefinitely, until the sessions ended.

The surname Jáuregui is placed on the name of Santa Rosa.

1871

1916 Mexican Revolution.

1910

It is given the character of political delegation with the name of Santa Rosa Jáuregui.

1918

I n t r o d u c t i o n

U

R

B C

A O

N R

E

The Santa Rosa Jรกuregui main town represents a sub-center and an important area of urban containment for all the surrounding neighborhoods. This area is limited by the Federal Highway 57, this highway represents a limit due to its hierarchy as main road. In the outskirts we can find progressive and precarious housing colonies such as La Cruz, Las Rosas and the Town of Santa Rosa Jauregui, meanwhile in the south, the zone adjoins to the most important recreational center, the Bicentennial Park. Talking about society distribution, the most part of population in the area is stablished in rural territory but they do not longer have answers for their commercial, education and health demand so the main town in Santa Rosa works as stuctural and attracting nucleus for the sorrounding rural communities.

San Isidro

Santa Catarina

Pie de Gallo

9

Pinto

Pintillo

Santa Catarina

San Isidro Buenavista

Pie de Gallo

Estancia de La Rochera

Montenegro

Casa Blanca Solana San Juan San Isidro El Viejo Solana Trojes

San Miguelito Dolores

San JosĂŠ Buenavista

Rural Towns Water bodies Roads

I n t r o d u c t i o n

N O D E S

&

C O M M E R C E The

main

public

space

within

the

area is the delegation garden and esplanade, in front of the Santa Rosa de Lima parroque. It lends itself to host different public events. As for recreation and sports, the presence Santa Rosa de Lima

of the Bicentenario Park stands out for

its

metropolitan

reach.

The

Santa Rosa market is the only one in the entire delegation and provides service to all nearby towns. As for minor commerce, it is mainly found in Bicentenario Park

the central part of the area, which corresponds to the main avenue and the commercial corridor on Calle de Independencia, which crosses the area vertically. This type of trade stands Santa Rosa Market

out for being first-rate and local.

1 2

I n t r o d u c t i o n

INFRASTRUCTURE

In

terms

of

and

services,

infrastructure some

areas

with

deficiencies can be seen, especially in the southwest area of Santa Rosa, which joins the northern part of

due to a possible rupture of two curtains

of

the

Santa

Catarina

and El CajĂłn dams, which managed to fill 100% during previous rainy seasons. As for the drain, sewage

Juriquilla. Some of these houses do and

trash

from

nearby

colonies

not have potable water and drainage infrastructure, in addition to the fact that the area generally lacks

is discharged , as well as from the QuerĂŠtaro Industrial Park. In

storm drainage facilities, which

both cases, there is no previous

causes severe flooding in the rainy

treatment,

season. There is a risk of flooding

serious

1 3

which

generates

pollution

problems.

02

The following chapter presents an analysis of the current problems of the delegation. Their environmental, social and urban contexts and the needs of the residents of the Santa Rosa Jauregui delegation were analyzed.

PROBLEMATIC R u n o f f

1 8

&

F l o o d i n g

1 9

2 1 2 0

F l o o d i n g

2 2

W a t e r

P r e c i p i t a t i o n

What

Do

The

Inhabitants

Think?

2 3

Santa Catarina Dam

Dolores Dam

Juriquilla Dam

Topography Water runoff 0

500 1000 1500

P r o b l e m a t i c

W

A

T

E

R

R U N O F F As seen in the map the Santa Rosa Jauregui

drain

is

the

initial

part of a water run-off that goes through

Santa

Rosa

town,

passes

Presa Dolores and Presa Juriquilla and ends in Santiago de Queretaro Santa Catarina Dam

main river, all of these locations mentioned

are

full

of

people

organized in communities, families and commercial organizations thus they need and use water for their daily

life,

work

and

services.

Dolores Dam

Now knowing that we could impact a bigger and not expected area it is

remarkable

the

importance

of

care, conservation of clean water since it is a source of a healthy life for all this living people.

Queretaro River

1 8

P r o b l e m a t i c

PRECIPITATION & F L O O D I N G QuerĂŠtaro has a problem with rains mainly in June, July and August. These months have rainfall levels of 120 mm maximum and minimum 110 mm.

Last year a historic rainfall was recorded for the Santa Rosa Jauregui delegation of 25 mm in one day. This precipitation causes flooding throughout the city and the most affected area of Santa Rosa, which is the lowest part from Matamoros Street to Hermenegildo Galeana Street.

The rest of the year rainfall varies between 5 mm and 10 mm.

The non-permeable floor, the low capacity of the drain, the different waste dumped into it and the lack of a correct infrastructure make it a difficult combination for people living near the drain affected in their daily life with risk of flooding.

1 9

January

5

mm

February March

5 5

mm mm

April

18

mm

May

40

mm

June

110

mm

July

110

mm

August

110

mm

September

110

mm

October

40

mm

November December

10 10

mm mm

ng

neli

Chan rain

ZAPATA

D

juato

Guana

EL PEDREGAL

Av. Independencia

Zaragoza

VALLE DORADO

Av. Ignacio Zaragoza

LAS LAJITAS

tiano

Carra

nza

LOMAS DEL PEDREGAL

Drain Channeling

Venus

Dolores Dam

2 1 2 0

LAS LAJITAS

DRAIN / FLOODABLE AREA

EL PEDREGAL

P r o b l e m a t i c

2

1

2

0

F L O O D I N G Based on a study carried out on the rainfall that occurs in Santa Rosa

Jauregui,

we

reached

the

conclusion that this project has to be prepared for the future. In 2014 in this area of QuerĂŠtaro, the floods reached a height of one and a half meters. This was concerning since the lower areas of Santa Rosa that goes from Matamoros Street to 2120 FLOODING

200 cms

2014 FLOODING

150 cms

2020 AV ERAGE

60 cms

Hermegildo Galeana. These streets are

the

concentrated,

floods leaving

are

mostly

the

Las

Lajitas and Pedregal neighborhoods more

DRAIN CAPACITY

where

vulnerable

to

the

rains.

Considering these historical data and the projections of the growth of

0 cms

the water they are telling us that

-30 cms

in one hundred years the level of this would reach up to two meters.

2 2

P r o b l e m a t i c

WHAT DO THE INHABITANTS THINK?

Surveys indicated that those who live in the immediate area to the Santa Rosa Jรกuregui Drain consider that they live in a risk zone, while the perception of their neighbors changes by not being directly affected.

Regarding the problems derived from the floods, the majority of the population considers that the level of risk is high or medium, which means they feel unsafe in the place where they live, plus about 80% consider that the floods

2 3

are caused by three main reasons: river

protection

their

dwelling

alterations The

to

occur, of

housing

of

sand,

the

entrances the

accomplished

out

rainy

as

drain.

by

wearing

and

environment.

carry

when

such

bordering

locations the

population

activities

infrastructure,

daily

seasons

protection and

areas

This

is

stacking

sacks

plastic

boots,

carrying children in their arms to school and placing gravel on streets which

reduce

sludge

formation.

No water connection

Drain without capacity

D R A I N No drainage system

Non-permeable floor

F L O O D S

W WAA TT E ER R POLLUTION POLLUTION C C YY CC L LE E

R A I N

F E C E S

W A S T E No street furniture

No storm drainage

PESTICIDE

Uncontrolled farming

No recycling education

P r o b l e m a t i c

W A T E POLLUTION

No drainage system

Drain

R

There are many factors with a direct influence on water pollution today in Santa Rosa Jauregui. The principal causes are the lack of infrastructure for standardized wastes, water drainage systems, uncontrolled farming, and no recycling culture. As a result, water is polluted with feces, trash, and pesticides. When it rains in Santa Rosa during the summer the rain transforms what could a clean source of water be into a dirty drain. This combined with the low capacity of the drain and the non-permeability of the ground increases the flooding that will end up in Queretaro, risking and affecting directly to the environment and quality life of the population, especially to the houses and streets near the drain.

Agriculture

2 6

03

The following chapter presents the different design strategies, these respond to different problems that arise in the Santa Rosa Jauregui delegation. These solve storage, channeling and filtration through natural methods.

STRATEGIES S t r a t e g i e s

3 0

D e s i g n

3 1

F i l t r a t i o n

3 4

E x p a n s i o n

&

1. FIlTER STRIPS

6

5

Capacity: 1,544,945 l.

2. PERVIOUS PAVING 3

4 2

1

Capacity: 27,465,700 l.

4 1 2

3. BASIN

3

Capacity: 337,500 l.

1

4 2

4. SWALES

5

1

4 2

Capacity: 3,089,892 l.

5. DRAIN SECTION

3

5

Capacity: 144,855,000 l.

6. WETLANDS

Capacity: 322,312,500 l.

S t r a t e g i e s

S T R A T E G I E S

A topography analysis was carried

and will have aquatic vegetation,

out, in which the lowest points

whose function will be to reduce

of the delegation were determined.

sediments and contaminants that the

This is where most of the floods

water contains. Linear filtration

are

concentrated,

areas

surrounding

affecting the

the

canal.

systems are included, which will also be located parallel to the

In the rainy season, the drain does

streets.

not have the dimensions to meet

of rocks and aggregates that will

the needs of draining the water

allow filtration to the aquifers.

from the area. Our project takes

Permeable

various

channel

considered

causing

The rest of the water that reaches

water

strategies safely

flooding.

The

that

without first

strategies

These

systems

pavement for

are

is

recharging

made

also them.

we

the lowest points will be retained

will implement are swales, which

by basins or farmponds. These will

are shallow, broad and vegetated

house

channels designed to store and/or

longer time to allow its filtration

convey runoff and remove pollutants.

and

the

avoid

stagnant

the

water

mixture

of

for

a

these

These will be located parallel to

waters with the black waters that

the streets of Santa Rosa Jauregui

will

run

throughout

the

drain.

3 0

S t r a t e g i e s

E X P A N S I O N &

D E S I G N

Drain enhancement will be achieved by expanding its section whereas increasing

water

capacity

and

Flood area

eliminating flood risks through flow control. Tolerating, adapting and

Permeable materials as an example public

spaces

as

adapting

paths

as

an

and

evading

floodable elevated solution.

Water control can bring essential benefits for users, such as water harvesting, irrigation systems and filters for green area conservation.

Public

space

preservation

and

visitor security will be guaranteed with

3 1

these

interceptions.

Tolerating

tolerating,

Adapting

of

Evading

evading will be the major strategies.

2.5 mts

Dike

PERMEABLE SQUARE

GREEN STAIRCASE

FILTERING VEGETATION

SWALE / RAIN GARDEN

WATERWAY

PERMEABLE SIDEWALK

RAINWATER

SLOPED ROOF

Irrigation

WORKSHOPS

PUBLIC

SPACE

GREEN

INFRASTRUCTURE

MOBILITY

WASTE

TRAP

REED

WATER-LILY

SPARTINA

WATER-LILY

WATER LETTUCE

Emersed species

Submersed floating

Emersed species

Submersed floating

Free floating

NATURAL

WETLAND

DRAIN

S t r a t e g i e s

F I L T R A T I O N

Waste Trap

Wetlands

Rhizome microorganisms

Absorbs nitrate and phosphate

In order to accomplish hydraulic care and purification we will use trash traps in key locations.

Afterwards, water will be driven to natural wetlands to start with filtration and eliminating foul odors and bacteria, attaining clean water as final output. There are different kinds of aquatic plants that can help with the filtration of water. The emersed species, like reed, are rooted in shallow water and help getting rid of heavier metals. Water trickling through the reed bed is cleaned by microorganisms living on the root system and in the litter.

The floating species ,like water-lilies, help to purify the water by absorbing nutrients such as nitrate and phosphate from the water, while their photosynthesis produces oxygen in return.

3 4

04

The next chapter is about “La Rosa” park´s program.

The urban context of Santa Rosa was analyzed for the design, taking into account the topography, paths, bodies of water and the different needs of the residents.

PROGRAM Z o n i n g

3 8

P r o g r a m

3 9

W e t l a n d

P a r k

4 2

D r y

S e a s o n

4 7

R a i n y

S e a s o n

5 0

round

round

Underg

Underg

Av. Independencia

Commercial Corridor

Santa Rosa Market

Commercial Corridor

Av. Independencia

Santa Rosa Market

A X E S

GEOMETRY

Z O N I N G

Park Circulation

Pre-existing Footpaths

Preserve & Agriculture

Cultural Axis

Footpath Connections

Car Connection

nd

ou rgr

e

Und

Bicentenario Park

Culture & Arts

Access Nodes r

erg

Und

d oun

Bicentenario Park

Recreation & Commerce

nd

rou

erg

Und

Bicentenario Park

P r o g r a m

Z

O

The first step for designing the park

land

and

was to analyze the urban context of

on

pre-existing

Santa Rosa. This analysis showed

were

given

that the Ignacio Zaragoza avenue

Likewise, for the access we rely

has a lot of commerce and this

on pedestrian crossings, streets

street connects with a commercial

and

corridor.

easy and safe access for users.

Our

intention

is

to

N

its

I

N

G

by

circulations,based paths

the

sidewalks

that

inhabitants.

to

provide

and

incorporate this street as a main axis

and

the

secondary

streets,

The

zoning parts.

is

divided

surrounding the “La Rosa” park area

three

are considered as secondary axes.

the

The second step for the design of

agriculture. The second one that

the “La rosa” park was making the

is culture and arts and the last

geometry with the perimeter of the

one

area

of

commerce

The

first

into

perservation

and

one, and

recreation.

3 8

P r o g r a m

P R O G R A M

The

project

is

divided

into

three sections. The first section is the area of preservation and agriculture, in this we highlight the importance of water bodies for their filtration, containment and recharge

of

aquifers.

Likewise,

the purpose of this section is to be a lung and promote the arrival of different types of species. The second consists in a workshop and culture area, a space where they can develop different skills and a multifunctional

cultural

center

that adapts to the different needs of users. The third consists of a

commerce

and

recreation

area,

giving spaces where users can take children to have fun, walk and eat food

3 9

without

any

complications.

1

2

sa a Ro Sant et k r Ma

3 Guan

4

ajua

to

1

2 a . Zapat Calle E

1

PRESERVED 1.

2.

3.

4.

Preserved Area Wetland Views Farmponds Productive Area

Elementary School

2

Zar ago za

La

s

La

ji

ta

s

1

AREA

CULTURE

&

ARTS

1. Workshops & Gallery 2. Multifunctional Culture Center

Av. Ignacio Zaragoza

2 RECREATION COMMERCE

1

&

1.Hiking Paths 2.Playground Itinerant Market Ven ust ian o Car ran za

3 Priv

ate Fiel ds

Prec

ario us Hous ing

W E T L A N D S

P r o g r a m

W E T L A N D P

A

R

K

The care of the water bodies is of great importance since they have the

most

important

purification

and filtration system. Since this will filter all the water to the subsoil and will be purified by all the

aquatic

plants of

vegetation.

carry

out

oxygenation,

the

Aquatic

functions

purification

and

filtration of the water before it reaches

the

subsoil.

Likewise,

to prevent the water from being polluted it has been integrated as an important part of the park. The wetlands

are

integrated

through

the use of bridges and these are connected

with

the

rest

of

the

circulations that connect with the urban context of the delegation.

4 2

P r o g r a m

D

R S

The

Y

E park

“La

thinking seasons

A

Rosa”

about in

S

two

O is

N

planned

fundamental

Quéretaro;

the

dry

season and the rainy season. In the case of the dry season, the

Jacaranda

program is activated through the interaction

of

the

neighbors

surrounding the Santa Rosa Jáuregui drain, mobility, and activities.

We decided to enliven the colors of

drought

vegetation colors

employing that

during

gives this

Delonix Regia

deciduous us

bright

season

and

some warmth and joy in the space.

Bougainvillea

4 7

PLAYGROUND

CULTURAL

LAJ LAS

ITA

CENTER

WORKSHOPS

S Lu Sa

Av

EL

.

Za

ra

go

za Lu Sa

n

is

P

R ED

EG

AL

n

is

PLAYGROUND

CULTURAL

LAJ LAS

ITA

CENTER

WORKSHOPS

S Lu Sa

Av

EL

.

Za

ra

go

za Lu Sa

n

is

P

R ED

EG

AL

n

is

P r o g r a m

R

A

I

N

Y

E

A

S

O

S

N

During the rainy season in Santa Rosa Jáuregui, the “La Rosa” park is

designed

to

retain

water

in

its trenches so that the somewhat Salix babylonica

high program continues to function as

mobility

routes.

For

these

trenches that are thought to be Ahuehuete

flooded, exist

vegetation

with

water

that was

could

carefully

chosen, for example, the weeping willow, elm, reeds, and Ahuehuete.

Ulmus

5 0

L A R O S A