Habitat 20 Daniela Moreno + Eduardo MuĂąoz
“Habitat 20” is located in the north of the city of Santiago de Querétaro within the colony “Colinas del Lago”, which borders are the Fray Junípero Serra Road Ring and the colonies “Paseos del pedregal, el Salitre and Altozano” what is being solved with this project is the need for a house that solves the problems of the area such as the expansion of industries towards the lake and thus prevent natural areas from continuing to be destroyed, as well as preserving the natural cycle of the water, but taking advantage of natural resources and living in synergy with the environment.
Index
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
05
09
Chapter 3
35
Situation of water worldwide
Water i s the m ost i mportant element for life and is essential to achieve sustainable development. Water resources play a key role in poverty reduction, economic growth, and environmental sustainability.
Currently, m ore than 7.7 billion people live on our planet, of which 2.1 billion ( 3 out of 10) lack access t o a water supply. Of these, 844 million do not even have basic drinking w ater service.
Situation of water worldwide
4 billion people (nearly two-thirds of the world's population) suffer from severe water shortages for at least one month a year. Furthermore, 4.5 billion people do not have safe sanitation. Of the 4.5 billion people without safely managed sanitation, 2.3 billion still lack basic sanitation.
Earth contains about 1,386 m illion cubic kilometers of water. The amount of water our planet contains has neither decreased nor increased i n the last two billion years.
Situation of water worldwide
97% of the water is in the oceans, and 2% remains frozen.
Situation of water worldwide
Only 2.5% of the water that exists on Earth is fresh water. Of that amount, 0.5% is found in underground deposits and 0.01% in rivers and lakes.
In 2050 the consumption of the liquid element will increase by 44% to satisfy the industrial and population demands.
City growth
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
City growth
Although it may seem that this city is in exceptional condition compared to others around it, the truth is that there are indicators that show the opposite, and it is because little has been done to try to solve the effects of a problem and that creates a chain reaction. In other words, most of their problems are due to the fact that by not doing something to prevent this problem from growing and spreading throughout the city, they end up coming together to create a bigger one. Of the problems that could be observed in the city, the following were found: Population growth: The city has been growing exponentially, this due to the great industrial development that has taken place, which has forced many people from other cities to migrate to this area in search of better opportunities and a better quality of life . Many of these people arrive with the hope of improving, some succeed and there are those who do not, this forces them to build on the edges of cities where sometimes they do not have basic services such as electricity, water and drainage, much less with a planning. Over the years these settlements that were in the peripheries are quickly absorbed by the urban sprawl and end up forming groups of social lags in the middle of areas where social classes contrast strongly in all possible aspects. In the next page there is a graph obtained with data from INEGI about the population growth of the city of QuerĂŠtaro from 1900 to 2015.
Total population of Queretaro state
2038.3 1827.9
Thousand of people
1404.3 1051.2 739.6
232.4
244.7
220.2
234.1
244.7
286.2
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
355.0
1960
485.5
1970
1960
1990
2000
20102
015
City growth
QuerĂŠtaro is an industrial city that due to its strategic location has great growth potential towards areas located on the suburbs of the city with neighboring cities such as Mexico City, Celaya, Guanajuato and San Luis PotosĂ, as we have seen in recent years with the expansion of the industry's borders towards these areas. This phenomenon brings with it other problems that if not treated correctly end up causing others that can become even more serious. An example of this is that thanks to the growing demand for labor in companies, people from other parts of the world are generating emigration to these areas, which require a greater demand for energy and resources such as water or infrastructure, such as public lighting. and sewerage. The price that has to be paid is that as more people come to the city, a greater investment is required to supply basic services, giving priority to the most exclusive areas. As a result of this phenomenon, there are self-built developments, without planning, where people build as best they can, without analyzing risks and without the possibility of ensuring the progress of these areas in the near future, thus generating segregation. As the urban sprawl grows, they end up staying inside the cities but become places out of the sight of society. The following image shows how a part of the industry has been practically devoured by the city and as for the one located on the outskirts, it is only a matter of time for the phenomenon to repeat itself unless actions are taken.
City growth
City growth
The choice of that site to carry out our intervention was made because we realized that there is a body of water that is being severely threatened by the accelerated growth of the city towards that area, so we saw an area of opportunity to manage in a more efficient way the rainwater in that area to recharge the body of water as well as preserve the natural areas that are currently being invaded.
Site analysis
Site analysis
Irregular housing Small and medium enterprises
Design strategies
VEGETATION
Food source Home Natural resource
ANIMALS
Microclimate generator Well-being generator
HUMANS
Pest control Water catchment
Lake
Public space View generator
Design strategies
Plage control Reforestation to attract birds who help to control the amount of insects.
Microclimate Generate a microclimate through vegetation and water to create a feeling of well-being for the humans.
LESS
CO2
Give and recieve Give back to nature everything we take from it to satisfy our needs.
ding materials and aquatic plants.
-
Design strategies
Implementation of active and passive systems Take advantage of natural resources through a system of cross winds, rainwater and solar energy collection.
Landscape as a change agent Landscapes as a public space, a natural environment and human well-being regenerator.
Objective
To create an environment where living beings coexist in the same environment and help each o ther, k eeping the ecosystem in balance and where the intervention is not a threat to nature, but a medium where there is synergy between living beings.
Vision 2050
In 2050, "Habitat 20" is the rector of a change in the city that establishes the design principles w here architecture and nature work as the same element, taking care of and protecting each other, but at the same time, taking care of the natural resources, m ainly water, w hich is the f undamental element for the d evelopment and s urvival of all living beings.
Shape diagram
1
S-02
Architectural plants
2
3
5,850 4,000
4 5
4,000
A S-01
4,000
2,000
B
6
8,000
7 8
4,000
9
8,000
10 4,000
6,425
4,000
C SUBE
1 2
6,425
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 23C x 0,17 22H x 0,30 4 0
11 12 13
D
14 15 16 18 19 20 21 22 23
S-02
BAJA
2,425
17
E
Ground floor GSPublisherVersion 0.10.100.100
12
13 14
4,000
15
8,000 4,000
16 17
4,000
18
8,000 4,000
19
20
4,000 5,850
S-01 SUBE 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 23C x 0,17 22H x 0,30 4 0
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 BAJA
ESC. 1:200
23
4,000
1
11 8,000
0m
5
10
15
20
25m
1
S-02
Architectural plants
2
3
5,850 4,000 R
6
2,000
4,000
7 8
4,000
9
8,000
RG
S-01
5
4,000 8,000
A B
4
R
RG
6,425
4,000
6,425
C
S-02
E
2,425
D
First floor GSPublisherVersion 0.10.100.100
10 4,000
11
12
8,000 4,000
13 14
4,000
15
8,000 4,000
16 17
4,000
18
8,000 4,000
19
20
4,000 5,850
S-01
ESC. 1:200 0m
5
10
15
20
25m
1
S-02
Architectural plants
2
3
5,850 4,000
S-01
5
4,000
6
8,000
A
7
4,000
2,000
B
4
8
4,000
9
8,000
10 4,000
R
6,425
R
4,000
RG
R
C
6,425
RG
RG
S-02
E
2,425
D
Second floor GSPublisherVersion 0.10.100.100
12
13
4,000
14
4,000
15
8,000 4,000
16 17
4,000
18
8,000
19
4,000
20
4,000
R
R
5,850
RG
R
11 8,000
RG
S-01 RG
ESC. 1:200 0m
5
10
15
20
25m
1
S-02
Architectural plants
2
3
5,850 4,000
6
8,000 4,000
2,000
B
5
4,000
A S-01
4 7 8
4,000
9
8,000 4,000
L
SC
4,000
R
6,425
RG
L
SC
RG
R
L
SC
R
RG
6,425
C
S-02
2,425
D E
Third floor GSPublisherVersion 0.10.100.100
10
11
12
8,000 4,000
13 14
4,000
15
8,000 4,000
16 17
4,000
18
8,000 4,000
19
20
4,000
RG
R
L
RG
SC
R
L
RG
SC
R
L
SC
5,850
S-01
ESC. 1:200
0m
5
10
15
20
25m
1
S-02
Architectural plants
2
3
5,850 4,000
S-01
5
4,000
6
8,000
A
7
4,000
2,000
B
4
8
4,000
9
8,000 4,000
10
R
6,425
R
4,000
RG
R
6,425
RG
RG
L
SC
C
S-02
E
2,425
D
Fourth floor GSPublisherVersion 0.10.100.100
11
12
8,000 4,000
13 14
4,000
15
8,000 4,000
16 17
4,000
18
8,000
19
4,000
20
4,000
R
RG
R
R
L
SC
5,850
RG
S-01 RG
ESC. 1:200
0m
5
10
15
20
25m
Longitudinal section
Housing
Com
merce
Flexible work space
Corte por fachada
NPT +17m
NPT +14m
NPT +11m
Paneles solares marca evans 380 Watts 2m x 1 m Trabe de Concreto armado 30 cm x 40 cm Murete de celosía de Ladrillo rojo recocido Impermeabilizante acrilico color blanco Desnivel de desague al 2% Aplanado de concreto Muro ladrillo rojo recocido Trabe de Concreto Losa casetonada de 40 x 40 x 20 Celosía de madera 15 cm x 10 cm Ventana de aluminio Plafón de madera Ducto de instalaciones eléctricas Muro Ladrillo Rojo Recocido Trabes de concreto Losa casetonada
Sujetador de instalaciones de acero galvanizado Columnas de concreto armado
Pilotes de cimentación Terreno natural
GSPublisherVersion 0.9.100.100
NPT +8m
NPT +4m
NPT +0m
Plant palette
The vegetation within the architecture and the environment is essential and has a great impact not only environmental, but also visual and sensorial, where in addition to purifying the air o f the C O2 e mitted i nto the e nvironment, i t serves as an acoustic insulator and generates shadows in the areas that it require improving the experience within the spaces, but in addition to that it serves as a home for different animals such as birds, rodents and insects, which help keep the ecosystem in optimal conditions. Its relationship and importance with water is vital in cities and in places where this resource is scarce, so it is essential to know how to choose those species that can goechemicals and without overexploiting the ability to meet basic needs.
Vegetation species
Endemic vegetation Common name Cazahuate
Ipomoea Murucoides
Copal
Bursera Cuneata
Saiba amarilla
Ficus Petiolaris
Palo bobo
Senecio Praecox
Huizache
Acacia Farnesiana
Encino
Quercus
8m
6m
4m
2m
0m
Cazahuate
Palo bobo
Ficus
Copal
Encino
Huizache
Cazahuate
Copal
Ficus
Palo bobo
Huizache
Diciembre
Noviembre
Octubre
Septiembre
Agosto
Julio
Junio
Mayo
Abril
Marzo
Febrero
Enero
Diciembre
Encino
Vegetation species
Cacti Common name Ocotillo
Fouqueria splendens
Biznaga burra
Echinocactus platyacanthus
Garambullo
Myrtillocactus geometrizans
Ă“rgano
Pachycereus marginatus
Diciembre
Noviembre
Octubre
Garambullo
Septiembre
Agosto
Julio
Ocotillo
Junio
Mayo
Abril
Biznaga
Marzo
Febrero
Enero
Diciembre
8m
6m
4m
2m
0m
Organo
Biznaga burra
Ocotillo
Garambullo
Ă“rgano
Vegetation species
Bushes Common name Bugambilia
Bougainvillea
Lantana
Lantana camara
Barba de chivo
calliandra eriophylla
Diciembre
Noviembre
Octubre
Septiembre
Agosto
Julio
Lantana
Junio
Mayo
Bugambilia
Abril
Marzo
Febrero
Enero
Diciembre
8m
6m
4m
2m
0m
barba de chivo
Bugambilia
Lantana
Barba de chivo
Vegetation species
Aquatic plants Common name Totoras
Typha
Diciembre
Noviembre
Octubre
Septiembre
Agosto
Julio
Junio
Mayo
Abril
Marzo
Febrero
Enero
Diciembre
8m
6m
4m
2m
0m
Totoras
Totoras
Vegetation species
Grass Common name Pasto kikuyo
Pe nnisetu m clandestinum
Cola de zorro
Pennisetum setaceu m rubrum
Diciembre
Noviembre
Octubre
Septiembre
Agosto
Julio
Pasto kikuyo
Junio
Mayo
Abril
Marzo
Febrero
Enero
Diciembre
8m
6m
4m
2m
0m
Cola de zorro
Cola de zorro
General public
Merchants
Small families (up to 4 members)
OUR USERS
Students
Young couples
Freelance
C
Association of settlers of the surrounding colonies Architects, civil engineers and urban designers
Public works
STAKEHOLDERS
Civil association of natural preservation Retail
Investors Entrepreneurs Enterprises