WHAT IN THE WORLD?

What was happening in the Church, the United States and the world when the Diocese of Cincinnati was officially founded in 1821?

In the United States:

• President: James Monroe • Vice President: Daniel D. Tompkins • Chief Justice: John Marshall • Congress: 16th (until March 4), 17th (starting March 4) • Jan 21: John Breckinridge: 14th U.S.

Vice President was born. He was a Confederate General in the Civil

War. • July 10: The U.S. took possession of its newly purchased territory of

Florida from Spain. • Aug. 4: The Saturday Evening Post relaunched. • Aug. 10: – Missouri is admitted as the 24th U.S. state. • Nov 16: William Becknell reached

Santa Fe, NM, on the route that became known as the Santa Fe

Trail. • Dec: 25 – Clara Barton, humanitarian and founder of the

American branch of the Red Cross.

In the World:

• Feb. 23: Death February 23 –

John Keats, British poet (b. 1795) • May 5: Emperor Napoleon dies in exile. • June 14: Egyptian conquest of

Sudan. King Badi VII of Sennar surrenders his throne and realm without a fight to Ismail Pasha, general of the Ottoman Empire. • June 24: Battle of Carabobo:

Simón Bolívar wins Venezuela’s independence from Spain. • July 19: George IV is crowned king of the United Kingdom of Great

Britain and Ireland. • Aug. 21: Birth of Louis Vuitton,

French fashion designer • Aug. 24: The Treaty of Córdoba signed, ratifying Mexico’s independence from

Spain and concluding the Mexican War of Independence. • Sept. 4: Russia proclaims territorial sovereignty over Northwestern North

America, modern-day Alaska. • Nov. 11: Birth of Fyodor Dostoyevsky,

Russian writer

In the Catholic Church:

• The first Catholic Cathedral

Constructed in the U.S. was completed - the Historic

Baltimore Basilica. (St. Louis

Cathedral in New Orleans was completed in 1794, but was not part of the U.S. at the time of its completion).

• Saint Elizabeth Ann

Seton died Jan. 4, 1821.

She was the first citizen born in the U.S. to be declared a saint. She was the founder of the

Daughters of Charity of

Saint Vincent de Paul in the U.S. and the Sisters of Charity of Cincinnati. • Roughly 195,000 Catholics in the U.S. • Massive immigration to the U.S. from Ireland and

Germany between 1820 and 1860 dramatically increased the size of the

Catholic Church in the U.S., from 195,000 to 3,103,000.

• Pope Pius VII, head of the Catholic

Church. Pope Pius VII, original name

Luigi Barnaba Gregorio Chiaramonti, (born Aug. 14, 1742, Italy—died

Aug. 20, 1823, Rome), Italian pope from 1800 to 1823, whose dramatic conflicts with Napoleon led to a restoration of the Church after the armies of the French Revolution devastated the papacy under Pius VI.

• Future saint, English cardinal and theologian

John Henry Newman (1801-1890) graduated from Trinity College,

Oxford. Newman was canonized by Pope

Francis in Oct. 2019. • The first U.S. diocese, Baltimore, was erected in 1789 by

Pope Pius VI. Following that the diocese of New Orleans was established in 1793 while under Spanish rule. In 1808,

Pope Pius VII erected the Dioceses of Boston, New York,

Philadelphia and Bardstown. The dioceses of Charleston and Richmond were established in 1820. Cincinnati was erected in 1821 at the 9th diocese in the now defined U.S.