A CLO SE R LO O K
ZEROS, ONES AND THE END OF MAN Problems arising from technology and social media are more than could possibly be accounted for in one magazine. From the relatively mundane problem of work distraction, to more seriously annoying intrusions on privacy, to the tragedy of social-media-driven violence, stories about digital technology and social media fill headlines every day. While while problems created by technology are diverse, a common thread runs through them all. The difficulty is not technology, per se – there’s nothing wicked about zeros and ones – rather, the problem arises when technology is divorced from the true vision of the human person, and thus disordered from the good. I do not simply mean, as people often say, “It’s not the technology that’s the problem, it’s the use to which it is put.” That observation is true, but it does not reach deep enough into the issue. Rather, it’s that technology’s use has been largely divorced from the discipline of science. And this is directly affected by the modern understanding of nature and the human person, which rejects a “teleological” approach. Taken from the Greek word telos (meaning “end” or “purpose”), a teleological view sees all things as directed toward some highest end, a given in nature. In ancient Greek philosophy that end was a vaguely defined happiness. As incorporated into Christianity’s understanding of creation, teleology means the proper purpose of all things is to order us toward love of God. Nature is used correctly only when it is ordered toward that end. Thus, 1 6 | THE CATHOLIC TE LEGRAPH
when we say that something is “disordered,” we mean that it is not oriented toward the person’s good and, ultimately, the glory and praise of God. Until the so-called Enlightenment, science was the discipline that discerned how natural goods are properly ordered. From the Latin word for “knowledge,” science – rooted in a teleological view of the person – is discovering how natural goods can be ordered toward a shared understanding of the person’s good, seen as friendship with God. Modern rejection of teleology also rejects science as the quest for ordered knowledge. Technology was the development of tools and methods to serve science’s purpose. Divorced from that proper end, however, technology is reduced to the ability to control nature, according to whomever has the power to do so. If technology is not ordered by the goods that science seeks to know, it becomes the disordered power to manipulate. Nature, therefore, is subject to nothing other than our relative control over it. In the digital age, we think we have conquered nature with our ones and zeros. But have we? In his famous 1943 book, The Abolition of Man, C.S. Lewis suggests that the answer is not as obvious as we might think. He uses the airplane, contraception and the “wireless” to demonstrate his central assertion that “what we call Man’s power over Nature turns out to be a power exercised by some men over other men with Nature as its instrument.” And this takes us directly to the heart of modern digital technology’s danger. Unconcerned by
