Of the evidencebased models for TIC, many are trauma specific or designed for a specific age group. Try to find a model that aligns with the population you serve and the type of care provided.
healthcare, from the receptionist and the nurse to allied health professionals and physicians, should understand and apply the principles of TIC as universal precautions (Purkey et al., 2018; Bruce et al., 2018).
The process of providing TIC begins with acknowledging the ongoing effect of trauma, validating its current relevance, and understanding how past experiences impact present functioning. The process of providing TIC begins with acknowledging the ongoing effects of trauma, validating its current relevance, and understanding how past experiences affect present functioning. External forces shape internal functioning and can trigger traumatic experiences. Past adverse experiences or trauma are often invisible in the present yet can invade the physical and emotional state, upsetting the allostatic balance, resulting in a range of illnesses or maladaptive coping: coping which once may have been adaptive (Purkey et al., 2018). For some people, that acknowledgement and the experience of being understood, perhaps for the first time, can be life-changing. The second step in TIC is recognizing the need for physical and emotional safety. This may be more challenging than initially imagined. The environment for care must be clean, soothing and uncluttered with attention to seating arrangements in waiting areas and even signage. Consistency and predictability are necessary, especially in anticipating and explaining procedures. Trust, respect, and acceptance are always vital to establishing and maintaining therapeutic interpersonal relationships.
cess of providing person-centered care for all people. Nurses already build trust and use the strategies above, but when demands increase, even the best healthcare providers can become task-focused and rushed, unintentionally falling short of what is needed to promote TIC. Giving control and choice to the patient and building a collaborative alliance with them is the third step (Purkey et al., 2018). The fourth step focuses on helping patients build skills and believing in patients’ strength and resilience, and the incorporation of culture and ethnicity is the fifth step.
INTERVENTIONS AND RESOURCES Of the evidence-based models for TIC, many are trauma specific or designed for a specific age group. The resources
Representing nurses and healthcare professionals who have dedicated their life to helping people.
In TIC, the care provider must understand the sensitivity trauma survivors have for nuances in the environment and in interpersonal interactions. Since trauma-related issues may not have been identified in every person that enters a care environment, it is important to intentionally integrate TIC as part of the pro-
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