PaACTICAL peenkiag Hanyrte2uniatisn,ydhdisdeat

A. 9hudy of di?ferenf spesjeo og Honey-beeg CApis )

Honey beea o sotia/, Rlying inseck which tiue in co/aniea na Arming bee ive, 4 wel vanized honey bee co/ony contirt o around 50 M-ounand indiuidy ae which incbudea "polymonphic " individyah , honey bees collee necfor and pollen Arom plan/s in ordor o prodyce honey, banatly hei o Snayor specioa o "Asmity- Apidae " used in Apicultore , Genu

Apis Can be lomiá/eod ca

Clawaieation

phytum 4hopod

Dnveoka orden T Hym engpe

Family Apidae en Apis

8fennt 8peien o honey-6eea used or indurhi es we o domert level apiulkurr oe

2, esdovate Alto ealnd "Rock-honey bee " * the lorgent sp ealt o honey bee, knouo Ar i4 999iue nowm, hur ghings om highly toxie Cauoing Aeven r sonebines dea.

Due o #eh o99mive nakr #ey or very hod to domtahcak, bul e mot ebbitiend honey gahens an "eech Aoney dee hive con brodre 8o-vS kg. honey pn yeo "

Apis indico!- 4/to knou aa " 2ndion bee "ore smaller thorn Aot dorsofo be lorger hon, Apls re ore. knouw to have mid mDermen! Ond bulld heir Hues on tree runks ad dak plare Such ao caye, unde water tonk et.

Due o Hheir mild fempevnent,they on eay fo dometiae a eoch 6ee hioe con Brodre "-8kg haney per yerr

. APis P/oreg- Also known aa "Garden beee " ore smaller when compoed to other spesiea 06 honey bees, huy an odmort non-9gnewve, shing ony uwhen povokd intensanty ue 4o hein non- o90eniue nadre hey orn caoy hdomenkia, bul om nof very esdiei n f, ao Ahey build see hive o very smas seo ond ezuenlty chongu blorea, " eoch Aive eon rodure ypo

G09-1kg haney per yeor " ue o 4hein mild-90mion ey ean be domerdicahd ond ar aso "nd mrl ebbiient honey produ tvng spewe eath hiue can produte upho *5-3o kg honey Per yea"

.Apis melliFero Ako known as "Eurgpean -honey 6ee " o 6igger than Ap's Alorea, knous o have mild aggromive nakure ar ore nar'ue #o Wenten êuryo4.

9.Apit adomiani'?- *Also knousn ca "Anon-honey bee "on subs/peuien o Apis mettiPere, they 0m medium si* eol honey beea wi% mild tempermend,

8ue o their mild.femperment, tney con be eaaity domeriead

Ond ore known to 6e esb/cjenf ag Apis indito :e, " eoch hive

Can rouce plo g hon ey e yeor ?

6. UFe cy ee o Boney -bee Apis )- yele o honey bee conpitakt do khey shoo polumorphim bu al a hem emerge From single blore he

Egg loyed 6y ueen hakh to doveho into ouoe, Me b.

-voe e honey -bees o* known as honey bee "rubs " whith wer hon token cod 6y woter dees,

Cepene'ig on tupe d egg (llh ed n ungerh'liked) he hr voe or o inkatly Awo kypeo, unfenstiaed eg9 brns strite male droue, whie Pnh'ed e99 Anme sarik Amalk ookers, ie, "ony dimphi* "

Bul o grub-laruo shoge. some femae lanua om Ad wh Aoyal jr " bès leado o Armtion og onew Aue .e, 'Ani'te Amale Ar Fuhun gueen " ie, « Primenphie "

Pully rown gruó-/anuo ronidorm into "pUDoe "with disAent indiudua emerging in diffrnt me spon lrom pupo'on

ICdays- For 9yeen l day s for 94erile femakwnkers

Y dayeFor 31enile male olrone

By he 4ime neuw 2ueen emergen, old ween leaves the colony he procen is talled "Swoming"

Nupkia Cli'ght 9he uirgin haney boes o ungin gueen wi few hones goes Ar ikuatikie copulesio FlWlght, duning whith moe drone ejeeh iH sperms in Femak on d female 3fores he sperms ih special reep. -tocle, o6An he copulaon drones die while Aonale ueen Conkinuts tobry by laying abeuf /s/akh e9geo in her ik tpon.

Ldenifieafion 9 Indiuidy as in poly monphi soney-óee co/ony

On o honey dee co/ony a highly aphon4/ta/ed diu'sion o sbou n &e seen wikh o Cobny consiskng abou 50'00o fndruidual whith in.

-clude one gueen, SYeile females or uwnkem un sfeile males tro - e

9.veen- Queen ae he arger! omong he tol/ony members and lives in ween cete, tMe sole ppm o ueen sAolay e99, Fbr hs o uirgin 2ueen Ank undengo Npkas Pight making wih male do nea ond keeping spums in speiu reptak ond laying upho 5/akh e99 In her iFe tpoun, hir eggs includle Ooh ferktiaed ond unhertitied upeo funh'ti'ed eggs onm! emale i in larual stagt +his firile Amale i's

Ad with oyul s'tly thon she is dialinc o betome bukur queen, i6 nof

Sed with royul july han fmile larua graw: h 6etome 3hrtle Pmalco r worker been, 4he unfentllineod e491 farms serile maks or dronta.

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.Woo-ke!- Workere on he smaort menber of the colonybut ore md edbiesent ond monags whole ca/ony, wonkers om 4/eite Females deu-

- elopeo fom Atile egg wih gorud larva nok Aed uwis oyal'elty, won

-ker been aken on etmst au duiin 6 calony ond an di+kints in hauing: o. proximatly they hawe wax glondh whih produre bee uax, due o above orkingau/shing thara th he worker bees take uUpn boh indoar Ond ouldoor aiuits porhming vanioun duties such to "nur gers, bui/dent, eleanes, Aon ners, gugrder, neeben collethors, food seowhers ee."

6. venhelly Dolten banke t s prant fr colleding th Dorrally heir wing ane ohongeof omong a. dvsbally hey have eing in eominal 6 abdo men.

. Ovonen! Drones or storih maleo, whith devekp from unjer4i

- 7ed e9g3 Prom ue en, theit Sok purpo s fo lh'me imale Queen dunng

Nupia Pligha " imediaely a6r copuleuHon they di'e , thus en temproy me

-m bui a co/ony wih soul pnp An AnHnaing he ueen they ae ghkutkrally very simple wiHoul ony tand or skhg opp

-aa, they hemselven an unobe h eolleet fAod, ond ank wreer bera f Foo, +heir body it smalleaf, simple 6but 6roador in siae.