Urban Situations Brochure - National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University / TDIS by TDIS

Urban Situation Brochure

CONTENTS

002

A BRIEF HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE DATONG DISTRICT

A GEOGRAPHICAL OVERVIEW OF TAIPEI CITY

BUILDINGS AND REAL ESTATE

URBAN RENEWAL AND PLANNIGN WITHIN THE DATONG DISTRICT

STRUCTURE OF THE NEIGHBOURHOOD

AN OVERVIEW OF THE HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DATONG DISTRICT

AN INHABITANTS OF THE DATONG DISTRICT

DATONG DISTRICT AT A GLANCE

1 HOUSE FOR ALL

A BRIEF HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE DATONG DISTRICT Historical Center in Taipei City - Datong District Since it was transportation hub of the Tamsui River and the international trade of tea, Datong District was an important international port at the late 19th century and was one of the settlement in northern Taiwan. Therefore, many archway building were built in this period. In 1949, the R.O.C.(Taiwan) government brought a large number of political immigrants due to Chinese Civil War. In order to accomdate abundant immigrants, many houses have been built in Datong District in 1950s. Today, Datong District is seen as an old disctrict full of old buildings. By the way, The composition of the house types in Datong district is quite close to Wuppertal.

Figure 1 Goegraphic location - Datong District, Taipei City

Historic Site and Religion The historic site and historical buildings is concentrated in the south of the Datong district since the development trends was from south to north. The historic site include temples, churches, and tea shops, for example Taipei Dalongdong Bao-An Temple (see tag 1 in figure 2), Taipei Xia-Hai City God Temple (see tage 2 in figure 2), and Taipei Confucius Temple (see tag 3 in figure 2), which were designated as historic site in 1985, 1985,and 1992 respectively. Nowadays, those temple has become important religious centers.

2 Legend historic site historical building Figure 2 Cultural assets in the Datong district

Figure 3 The photo of Dalongdong Bao-An Temple

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Historical Changes of Buildings

004

Figure 4 In 1945, Taipei Air Raid had destroyed many buildings in old Taipei city. Thankfully, the Datong district was outside the old Walled City with just few damages. The development started from south to north in this area, since the south of the Datong district was near Taipei City Wall-North Gate (Cheng'en Gate). In 1945, the north of the Datong district hadn’t been exploited yet.

Figure 5 In 1959, the north of the Datong district had been developed. As the political migration wave in 1949, numerous buildings had been constructed, still there was deficient in living place. Therefore, illegal buildings sprang up, which had caused a serious problem. From 1966 to 1974, 23427 illegal buildings were torn down in Taipei.

Figure 6 From the aerial photo of 1979 to 1984, the highways had been constructed in this period.

Figure 7 In 2019, there are more higher buildings in the Datong district for its blooming commercial development.

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A GEOGRAPHICAL OVERVIEW OF THE TAIPEI CITY A City Between Montains and Rivers The terrain of Taipei is basin-shaped, with hills between 300 and 600 meters high on the south side and east side, and the Datun volcano group is up to 1,120 meters high in the north. The main rivers in Taipei are the Danshui River system, including Dahan river, Keelung river and Xindian river.

(mm)

(°C) 30 30

500 450

400 350 20

20 300 250 250

200 200

150 150

100 100 5 50 50

00 1

Figure 8 Topographic map

9 10 11 12

Figure 9 Taipei climate monthly data(2019)

Humid Subtropical Type of Climate Taiwan is an island in East Asian, which is heavily affected by the East Asia monsoon. In summer, the southwest monsoon brings significant rainfall to Taiwan, while in winter, northeast monsoon also brings rainfall. Since Taipei is located at the north of Taiwan without the shield of Central Mountain Range from strong northeast monsoon, Taipei has the most rainfall than the other cities in Taiwan. In average, it rains 157 days per year with 2405.1 mm rainfall in Taipei. Snow is absent except in the high mountains. Taipei City sits at a latitude of 25° N, which results in the subtropical weather. The average temperature of Taipei is 23.9°C. The highest temperature is 34.3°C in July. Taipei's temperature is about 10 degrees higher than Wuppertal's temperature throughout a year. Based on the graph below (Figure 10, Figure 11), it only surpasses the temperature of Taipei one time in the time between July and August. The gap between two cities is much larger in winter than in summer. Taipei and Wuppertal are both humid cities, while the swings in relative humidity of Taipei not so severe as the one in Wuppertal. ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ ĐŽŵƉĂƌŝƐŽŶ

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Figure 10 Temperature comparison of Taipei and Wuppertal

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Figure 11 Relative humidity comparison of Taipei and Wuppertal

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According to the data from Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C, to most of Taiwanese, the comfort temperature ranges from 23.5°C to 28°C. The comfort temperature differs in wind speed. When the ambient temperature is 23°C, 26°C and 29°C, with wind speed 0.2m/s-0.4m/s, 0.5m/s-0,7m/s, 0.6m/s-0.8m/s respectively would be comfortable. According to the rule 21 of SDE 21, the comfort humidity should be not lower than 35%, and not higher than 65%. However, the relative humidity in Taipei are over 65% at any time. dĂŝƉĞŝ ĚƌǇ ďƵůď ƚĞŵƉ ϰϬ ϯϱ ϯϬ

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Figure 12 Temperature of Taipei and the comfort interval

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Figure 13 Relative humidity of Taipei and the comfort interval

Radiation Taipei has an average of 1401.1 hours of sunshine over a year, which is responsible for 4231.4MJ/m2 golbal radiation. In winter, golbal radiation can be ranging from 10kWh to 600kWh approximately during a sunny day. In summer, it varies from about 100kWh to 700kWh, sometimes it would rise up to 800kWh.

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Figure 14 Global radiation of Taipei

Wind Rose According to the data from Central Weather Bureau (CWB), we made the 13 drawings below, including annual and twelve wind roses of the Taipei city. In Taipei, it blows east wind and the wind speed is below 6 m/s. In winter, infected by the northeast monsoon, it blows east wind from October, and untill Febuary there are more northeast winds. In June, affected by the southwest monsoon, the direction of winds varies from east, south, to west. It blows south wind the most in July, August, and September. The wind in Taipei has faster wind speed and is more windy in winter than that in summer.

Annual

006

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Wind Speeds in m/s W S 12 10

W < 12 S

W < 10

W <8

WS < 6

WS < 4

W <2

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

November

December

Wind Rose N (0°)

S S

29% 23.2% 17.4% 11.6% 5.8% W (270°)

E (90°)

S (180°)

October

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BUILDINGS AND REAL ESTATE High Ratio of Old Buildings The Datong district was developed at and early period of 1860s as an international port of tea trading. There are up to 16,208 buildings over 50 years in the Datong district, accounting for 20.78% of all old buildings over 50 years in Taipei, which is the distritc that have the most old buildings in Taipei.

Diverse Ownership Structure The ownership structure of the Datong district is diverse and complex. Most of the buildings in the Datong district are privately owned. Few national land is closed to the Taipei City Wall-North Gate (Cheng'en Gate) and Taipei Main Station. With large proportion of private buildings, it is difficult to implement ubran renewal.

private municipal national municiipal and national public and private and others Figure 15 The ownership structure of the Datong district

Rent Levels The rent levels of Taipei is much higher than the level of other cities of Taiwan. The average rent of Taipei is 9.54(EUR/ m2), while the rent of other cityies in Taipei is 5.04(EUR/m2) on average, just half of Taipei's. In Taipei, the rent in the Datong district is little lower than the average. People in Taiwan perfer to live in old buildings take a high proportion of 36%. Therefore, the rent of the Datong district is not that low as imagine, though there are high ratio of old buildings in the Datong district

The rent of the Datong district The Datong district (EUR/m2)

Average of districts in Taipei (EUR/m2)

Apartment (from landlord)

8.79

9.32

Apartment (from authorized sub-letter)

7.03

7.46

12.65

13.45

Independent studio Sublet room

13.10

13.38

Sublet room (authorized sub-letter)

10.48

10.70

5.58

6.04

Social housing

Table 1 The rent of differnent residence in the Datong district

008

Figure 16 Preference of rent

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URBAN RENEWAL AND PLANNIGN WITHIN THE DATONG DISTRICT Urban Zoning of the Datong District The commercial space is concentrated in the south of the Datong district. The north of the Datong district are most planned to be the residential space (see Figure 17).

Urban Renewal (Government) Versus Renewal Units (Land Owners) Urban renewal, launched by the municipal government, can be carried out more smoothly than renewal units with public power. In order to ensure the lands and buildings be included within the designated scope in which owners do not agree to renew, the implementation of urban renewal shall be based on public interest. For promoting the redevel-opment or to improving the living environment in the area, the owners of the lands and the buildings designated some lands which did not belong to the government delineated renewal areas as Renewal Units. The project was performed by the owners, hence it has a higher risk to fail than urban renewal. The Renewal Units differs in six zoning in the Datong district. In Yuanshan Start-ups & Innovation Industry Belt, since this area has lots of public green space, there is no Renewal Unit. In Northern Datong Residential Area, an old residential area, due to the diverse and complex owenership structure, it is difficult to propose Renewal Unit Project in this area. And, in Dihua Historical Street, an area with high commercial value for its high historical and cultural value, there are more Renewal Units which have been passed. Besides, Ningxia Attractions Area & Traditional Industry Belt and Taipei Main Station& international CBD are also commercial area with many Renewal Units which have been passed. Lastly, Zhongshan-Shuanglian Cultural & Creative Industry Belt is the junction of the Zhongshan District and the Datong District. In the Zhongshan District, there are dense Renewal Units, and most of them have been passed. Compared with the Datong District, the Zhongshan district has a higher development potential.

Reconstruction of Urban Unsafe and Old building The dispersion of ownership makes it difficult to carry out large-scale urban renewals. "The Statute for Expediting Reconstruction of Urban Unsafe and Old Buildings" promoted by the government in recent years aims at accelerating the process for old houses over 30 years old and objects with a base of less than 1,000 meters squared. It is a simpler and friendly way to update small objects.

Legend Residential Area Commercial Area Education and Culture Area Agency Green Space Industrial Area

Figure 17 Urban zoning - The Datong district

Figure 18 Urban renewal and urban renwal units

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STRUCTURE OF THE NEIGHBOURHOOD

Commercial space - alley

Commercial space - park Commercial space - high building

Figure 19 Zoning - The neighbourhood

Figure 20 Invading commercial space

Urban Zoning in Our Neighbourhood The neighbourhood of our site are residential space surrounded by commercial space with a park. With the prosperity of commerce, the commercial space invades the alleies and the first floor of the residential area in actual facts.

Architecture Structures Most of the buildings are RC structures in this neighbourhood. The higher and more recent buildings are SRC structure. The rest are brick buildings and sheet metal buildings.

Architecture Types Most of the buildings are five-storey row houses and six storey apartments as commercial and residential use. Compare the graph of architecture structe, those buildings are RC structure. The higher buildings are SRC structure for office use.

Figure 21 Architecture structure Burgalow

Row house (5-storey and below)

Apartment (6-storey and below)

SRC

Condominium (7 to 11 storey)

Building (12-storey and above)

Wooden

Public space

Sheet metal house

010

Figure 22 Architecture types

Brick

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3 Common Residential Types in Taiwan in Late 19th Centry Bungalow, apartment (6-stroey and below), and row house (5-storey and below), are the most common residential types in Taiwan in late 19th centry.

Bungalow

Figure 23 The section and elevation drawings of bungalow

Apartment (6-stroey and below)

Figure 24 The section and elevation drawings of apartment(6-stroey and below)

Row house (5-storey and below)

Figure 25 The section and elevation drawings of row house (5-storey and below)

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The Situation of Our Site

Construction area: Average footprint: Type of gap: Original Building Use: Year of construction: Floors: Root shape: Ridge height Eaves height: Floor height: Energy Supply:

82 m2 114 m2 Vacant space waiting to be sold

Vacant space waiting to be sold None of building on the site None of floors None of roof Right neighbor 21.6 m Left neighbor 5 m Right neighbor 19.5 m Left neighbor 4.5 m Right neighbor 3.6 m Left neighbor 3.5 None of energy supply

Figure 26 Our site

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The Buildling Next to Our Site The building on the left of our site is bungalow, and a 5-storey house is on the right. Both of them are built for residence. Moreover, the building on the right of our site has its own household altar in the ground floor.

Figure 27 The section and elevation drawings of the left building

Figure 28 The floor plan of the left building

Figure 29 The structure framework of the left building

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Figure 30 The section and elevation drawings of the right building

Figure 31 The floor plan of the right building (ground floor)

Figure 31 The floor plan of the right building (1 floor-4floor)

Figure 32 The structure framework of the right building

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Sand

300

20 Reinforced Concrete

Concrete (40mm)

820

60 20 50

1:6 Cement (60mm)

1010 20

Cement Mortar (20mm)

Hollow Brick (120mm)

Preservative Treated Wood Brick

Lime Power (10mm) 1:2.5 Cement Mortar (30mm) 120 40

Preservative Treated Timber 300

110

40 270

Cast Iron Elbow

Plaster

12,800 1:2.5 Lime mortar (20mm) 12,740

Water Down-Pipe

Concrete (20mm)

White Iron Pipe 11,050

1:3 Cement Mortar (15mm) Hollow Brick (120mm)

9,850

Plaster

1:2.5 Lime mortar (20mm)

7.750 (4.450) (1.350)

25 25

Terrazzo

(6.650) (3.250) 0.750

Lime mortar (20mm) 10 20

10 60

5 25

10 10

1:2.5 Cement Mortar + White Cement

Plaster

±0.000

Plaster

150

Cement Mortar (25mm)

White Cement Mortar Cement Mortar (20mm) Concrete+Cement Mortar (60mm) Sand (60mm)

Cement (30mm) 4%

Earth

180

Concrete (50mm) Gravel(70mm)

Earth 70 70

Figure 33 The Facade section of the two building (data source: https://kknews.cc/news/98oj9o8.html)

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Figure 34 The energy framework of Taiwan (data source: https://www.taipower.com.tw/tc/page.aspx?mid=211&fbclid)

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Commercial Space Structure On the left side of Zhongshan Linear Park is the commercial zone of Chifeng Street. The ground floor of this area is used for residence, accounting for 33%; traditional industries and other commercial use (hairdressing, clothing, catering, etc.) are half and half. Traditional industries are concentrated in the alleys in the east-west direction. Because of the iron-strike industry in the past Japanese occupation, the traditional industries mostly sell hardware and auto parts nowadays; the service industries such as hairdressing, clothing, and catering are concentrated in main roads in the north-south direction along the direction of the linear park. Moreover, they located on the periphery of the blocks. Catering and clothing are mostly on the goround floor, and the first floor is mostly for hairdressing. On the right side of Zhongshan Linear Park, the north of this area is mostly renewed into office buildings and government office buildings. While the south side has not been renewed yet, the buildings are low, and it is mainly used as the clothing industry.

Traditional industries

Hairdressing

Clothing

Catering

Clothing SPA or massage Catering Cultural and creative industries Hairdressing Office Aesthetic medicine Convenience store Traditional industries Cosmetics

Figure 35 Categories of businesses of ground floor

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AN OVERVIEW OF THE HIGHLIGHTS OF OUR NEIGHBOURHOOD

Figure 36 Map of the Datong district with key highlight in Red

The Highlights of the Datong District 1 | Zhongshan Linear Park Zhongshan Linear Park connects the MRT "Zhongshan Station" and "Shuanglian Station". There are many markets and performances during holidays; it is a good leisure place for the residents. 2 | Commercial District on Chifneg St. Chifeng Street is between the MRT "Zhongshan Station" and "Shuanglian Station". Commercial District on Chifneg St. is formed by many small connected alleys. It used to be a famous iron street, but now there are many shops selling hardware and auto parts. In recent years, many coffee shops and specialty shops have been stationed here, making the scenery of Chifeng Street full of retro and modern. In addition, because of its convenient transportation and proximity to Taipei Main Station, many people also like to go shopping and have afternoon tea here. 3 | Jiancheng Park The iron-themed playground of Jiancheng Park is popular for the residents. 4 | Jazz Spuare It is a low square below a building, and there are a lot of shops and restaurents in the space. It is a popular place for students to practice dance. 5 | Tsai Jui-yueh Dance Research Institute (Historic building) Tsai Jui-yueh Dance Research Institute is a historic building. It was a dormitory for civil servants during the Japanese Occupation (1894-1945). At that time, there were various-level dormitories in Taipei City, mostly wooden Japanese-style houses. 6 | Commercial District on Nanjing W. Rd It is one of the large commercial districts in Taipei City. Nanjing W. Rd as the center, there are many department stores and huge buildings

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AN INHABITANTS OF THE DATONG DISTRICT Population Struture: Population Goes Down, Dependency Ratio Goes Up In the Datong district, the elders live in the Datong district accounts for a high proportion of 19%, which is much higher than the average of Taipei of 13.42%. The population of Datong was decreasing rapidly since 2016. With high ratio of elderly and decreasing birth rate, the dependency ratio of the Datong District ascends to 46.83% in 2019, though the average of Taiwan is 37.89%. Besides, the old age dependency ratio is 27.95% in the Datong district, while the average of Taiwan is 20.1%.

Gender

Age groups

Nationalities

Figure 37 Population structures

unit: 1,000

130 129 128 127 126 2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

Figure 38 Population of Datong (2014 - 2019)

unit: % Datong

45 43 41 39 37

Taiwan

35 33 2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

FIgure 39 Dependency ratio (2014 - 2019)

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Housing Condition: Low Power Consumption, High Old House Rate and Few New Social House Accroding to the statistics of Construction and Planning Agency Ministry of the Interior, R.O.C, there are high density of low power consumption house, high old house rate and few new social house in Datong District. In the long term, we choose this Datong to improve its living environment not by large-scale urban renew but by punctating several new urban program at those building which need to be renewed.

Datong District

Low power consumption

House aged over 60 years

Low power consumption (Low dencity)

Social house Low power consumption (High dencity) House aged about 30 years House aged over 30 years House aged over 60 years Social house

Figure 40 Low power consumption

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Datong District With Four Living Style Part Today, Datong District is divided into 12 Neighborhood. In terms of urban planning, Datong District can be divided into four regions. Those regions get their own linving context including, residencial area, Zhongshan linear living area, tourist and historical area, and transportation center.

Datong District / Neighborhood Datong District Site location area Figure 41 The neighborhood of Datong District

Datong District /Living style area Datong District Site location area Railway Residencial area Zhongshan linear living area Tourist and historical area Transportation center Park Pedestrian(night market or historical street) Figure 42 The living style area of Datong District

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Datong, As A Commuting Passed By Area There are more than 150,000 people commuting to Tapei by self-driving car. One of the main highway exit is located at the north of Datong district. It make an unfriendly environment that most of car drive through this district with high speed and few of them stop in this area.

Highway exit

152,877 5,015

Hsinchu city

Keelung city

Taoyuan city

5,355

27,004 New Taipei city

Datong District Main road Figure 43 The roads of Datong District

Figure 44 The MRT and U-bike system of Datong District

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Datong District Site location area Terminal Bus System Terminal Bus ending Stop Bus System Bus Stop Figure 45 The Terminal Bus system of Datong District

Datong District Site location area U-bike station Park Pedestrian(night market or historical street) Pedestrian(arcade) Figure 46 The Arcade of Datong District

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Datong District At a Glance Datong

Taipei

124,270

2,645,041

21,873

9,605

- Unemployment rate (in%)

N/A

3.8

- Share of population with migration background (in%)

1.54

1.38

98.46

98.62

1.54

1.38

- 00 to under 15 years

12.81

13.26

- 15 to under 65 years

68.06

67.94

19.13

18.80

- One-person household

30.86

36.59

- Two-person household

18.18

21.15

- Three-person household

15.76

18.4

- Four-person household

13.24

13.57

- Five-person household

7.55

5.47

14.40

4.82

38,378

1,060,880

- Share of single households (in%)

30.86

36.59

Total number of buildings

57,475

1,098,639

77.36

82.07

38.00

35.37

- 1 year (and below)

1.71

0.80

- 1~5 years

2,61

2.42

- 5~10 years

4.50

3.37

- 10~15 years

7.78

6.73

- 15~20 years

2.81

3.88

- 20~25 years

4.57

6.85

- 25~30 years

3.97

5.63

- 30~40 years

20.62

30.11

Population - Population Density (inhabitants per square kilometers)

Nationalities (in%) - R.O.C.(Taiwan) - Others

Age Groups (in%)

- 65 years and older

Total number of households (in%)

- Six or more-person household

Total number of households

- Share of residential buildings (in%)

Year of construction (in%) - Adverage

024

- 5~10 years

4.50

3.37

- 10~15 years

7.78

- 15~20 years

2.81

3.88

- 20~25 years

4.57

6.85

- 25~30 years

3.97

5.63

- 30~40 years

20.62

30.11

- 40~50 years

29.06

29.83

- 50 years (and above)

22.37

10.39

-Private

99.99

99.98

-Public

0.01

0.02

77.36

68.96

6.73FOR ALL 1 HOUSE

Ownership (in%)

Occupancy status (in%) - Self-owned (by usually living member of this household)* - Owned by spouse, parents or children not living together

2.91

- Rental

7.71

* Since there is no more detail data of occupancy status, the data of 77.36% is the sum of self-owned, owned by spouse, parents or children not living togethr, rental, allotted and others.

** In according to the definition of Construciton and Planning Agency Ministry of the Interior, the vacant buildings are hard to be calculated; therefore, the low power consumption buildings are calculated as the vacant buildings in Taiwan. *** In Taiwan, we usually use ping rather than square meter to calculate the area of the space. 1 ping is equal to 3.305785 square meter.

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Urban Situations Brochure - National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University / TDIS

Articles inside

URBAN RENEWAL AND PLANNIGN WITHIN THE DATONG DISTRICT

AN OVERVIEW OF THE HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DATONG DISTRICT

A BRIEF HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE DATONG DISTRICT

BUILDINGS AND REAL ESTATE