Substance Abuse and Oral Health

The abuse and misuse of alcohol and chemical substances can wreak havoc on a patient’s oral health. The oral manifestations of drug dependency often include rapid deterioration of the dentition and supporting structures of the oral cavity. Medical history is especially important as a tool to identify past or present drug use, and this information should be identified in the forms used by your office.

People who are struggling with addiction are at increased risk for gum disease and tooth decay. As a dentist, you will most likely be the health care professional to first identify the signs and negative physical effects substance abuse has on a patient’s oral health. By recognizing substance abuse and drug addiction as serious health issues, dental professionals can promote early intervention and preventive strategies.

Here are the most common ways that addictive drugs can cause harm:

• Dry mouth, which increases acid in the mouth and leads to deteriorating enamel

• Acid reflux, which also weakens enamel and hurts soft tissue

• Grinding teeth (bruxism)

• Loss of blood flow to roots and gums

• Ulcers or sores in the mouth that can become infected

• Nutritional deficiencies that can damage teeth and gums

• A focus on attaining more drugs that leads to neglect of hygiene and wellness, including oral hygiene

It is imperative to offer every patient respect and care regardless of any behavior or choice that has affected their oral health. While you should not provide treatment to actively impaired patients, encourage patients to return when they are unimpaired so you can provide the care they need. Doing so without judgement demonstrates to the patient that you are there to encourage and support their path to attaining optimal dental health.

As a dental professional, you are in the best position to educate patients on the risks of substance abuse to their oral health, effective oral hygiene and offer resources and referrals to substance abuse professionals.