The Fourth Initial Draft of Constitution of Chinland by S@Lai Zo Sangpy

THE FOURTH INITIAL DRAFT OF CONSTITUTION OF CHINLAND

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Working Group (1) tvkyftzJGÅ&#x2019; (1) Chin Forum csif;trsdK;om;rsm;pk&yf

Published by: Chin Forum May 2004 www.chinforum.org

Designed and layout by: Sai Mawn (UNLD-LA)

With generous financial support from: National Endowment for Democracy (NED)

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csif;trsdK;om;rsm;pk&yf

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jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if zH @JG pnf;r_tzG@J 0ifEidk if t H jzpf csi;f vlrsK;d rsm;yg0ifjcif; ,ae@ ta&SŒcsi;f vJe;f [k vlord sm;aom csi;f vJe;f onf jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkdifiH.jynfaxmifpkwnfaxmifol tzGJ@0ifwck jzpfvmjcif;rSm csif;trsKd;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;u yifvkHpmcsKyfukd azaz:0g&Dv (12) &uf 1947-ckEpS w f iG f vufrw S af &;xk;d =uaoma=umifh jzpfygonf? yifvpHk mcsKyfwiG f a&;om;xm;onfrmS Ttpnf;ta0; wufa&muforl sm;u ,k=H unfonfrmS &Sr;f / csi;f / u&if/ ucsiw f @dk u Arm,m,Dtpk;d &ESifh taqmwv#if yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G jf cif;jzifh vGwv f yfa&;ukd aqmvsipf mG &&So d nf[k ,k=H unfonf[k twdwvif;az: jyonf? TpmcsKyfyg pmom;rsm;t& T yifvpHk mcsKyfudk csKyfqjdk cif;jzifh csi;f vlrsK;d rsm;ESifh yifvpHk mcsKyfqadk om wjcm;vlrsK;d rsm; ‚if;wk@d . vGwv f yfa&; ukd ,m,D Armtpk;d &xH (ok@d ) pmcsKyfcsKyfqadk om vlrsK;d wckpo D @dk tyfEo HS nf[k ryg&adS y? yifvpHk mcsKyf. &nf&, G cf surf mS t*Fvyd u f v dk edfk pD epfrS taqmwv#if vGwfvyf&ef omru rnfonf@ ukdvkdeDpepf twGif;okd@ jyefvnfra&muf=u&ef wk@d jzpfonf? pmcsKyfrcsKyfqcdk if t}udKaqG;aEG;ndE‡ id_ ;f pOfwiG f csi;f acgi;f aqmifw@dk onf ‚if;wk@d . csi;f vJe;f Y csi;f xk;H wrf;"avht& tkycf sKyfciG u hf dk xnfo h iG ;f ajymqkcd =hJ ujcif;rSm ‚if;wk@d . vGwv f yfrE_ iS hf oD;jcm; vlrsK;d *k%t f ifrsm; wnf&jdS cif;ukd ay:vGix f if[yfapjcif; jzpfonf? xk@d a=umifh yifvpHk mcsKyf. tESpo f m&rSm vGwv f yfaom wkid ;f jynfrsm;vGwv f yfa&; r&_;H 8

csif;vJef;zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'“rl-urf;”

qk;H apyJ/ vGwv f yfaom jynfaxmifaygi;f pkwckudk t*Fvyd w f @kd xrH S oD;jcm;pD &&SEd ikd af om vGwv f yfa&;rsm;jzifw h nfaqmuf&ef oabmwljcif; yifjzpfygonf? Ttcsuu f dk jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if H zG@pJ nf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccH Oya' 1947 Y cGx J u G cf iG t hf m;jzifh azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf? xk@d a=umifh yifvpHk mcsKyft&zG@J pnf;xm;aom jynfaxmifpq k o dk nfrmS ,cifArmbk&iff ykid ef ufe,fajrESifh oD;jcm;vGwv f yfaom csi;f / ucsi/f &Sr;f e,fajrrsm;yl;aygi;f um wef;wlaom vGwv f yfru _ dk tajccHtzG@J pnf;xm;onfh jynfaxmifpk jzpfygonf? ok@d jzpfI azaz:0g&v D (12) &ufae@udk jynfaxmifpk ae@ [k orkid ;f wav#mufusi;f yjcif; jzpfonf? yifvpHk mcsKyf. tESpo f m&ukd em;rvnf/ rav;pm;yJ jynfaxmifpak e@udk usi;f yjcif;rSm tESpt f "dyg` ,rf &Sad y? tvGet f a&;}uD;aom tcsuw f ckrmS csi;f / ucsi/f &Sr;f ponfh yifvpHk mcsKyf a&;xk;d aom vlrsK;d rsm;onf orkid ;f wav#muf Armbk&if.vufatmufY usa&mufjcif; (ok@d ) tkycf sKyfc&H jcif; r&Sjd cif; jzpfonf? tvm;wlpmG Armbk&if vufatmuf usa&mufjcif;r&Scd ahJ om vGwv f yfonfh u,m;ESifh u&ifjynfw@dk onfvnf; yifvpHk mcsKyt f & zJ@G pnf;xm;aom jynfaxmifpo k nf wef;wlnrD #r_ udk tajccHum wnfaqmufxm;ojzifh jynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if Ekid if rH sm;tjzpf 1947 tajccHOya't& jzpfvmcJ=h uonf? yifvpHk mcsKyf. tESpo f m&rsm;ukd tajccHum a&;qGx J m;aom 1947 tajccHOya'ukd 'Dru dk a&pDenf;usus wkid ;f jyKjynfjyKv$waf wmfu 'Dru dk a&pD enf;usus todtrSwjf yKcJ=h uonf? tqkyd g Oya'wGif jynfe,ftopfrsm; zG@J ciG hf (yk'rf -199-200) cGx J u G cf iG hf (yk'rf -200-206) ESifh jyifqifjznfph u G cf iG hf (yk'rf - 207-210) wk@d udk twdwvif; jyXmef;xm;onf? yifvpHk mcsKyf csKyfqdk xm;aom vlrsKd;rsm;.cGJxGufcGihfukd qef@usifhjcif;onf yifvkHpmcsKyfukd rav;pm;jcif;ESihf jynfaxmifpw k nf&jdS cif;udk qef@usijf cif;jzpfonf? 1947 tajccHOya'. tm;enf;csurf sm;ukd rnDr#aom v$waf wmf (2) &yf. trwfrsm;OD;a& owfrw S rf Y_ jrifEidk o f nf? (250) trwfae&m&Sad om atmufvw $ af wmfY trwf (190) ukd ArmvlrsK;d rsm;twGuf vsmxm;aom tcg use&f adS om (60) trSwaf e&momv#if Arm r[kwaf om vlrsK;d tm;vk;H twGuf use&f adS vonf? jynfaxmifpt k pd;k &ukd atmufvw $ af wmfrS zG@J pnf; &rnf[k tajcOya'Y jyXmef;xm;aoma=umifh ArmvlrsK;d rsm;uomv#if jynfaxmifpk tpk;d &ukd }udK;ukid f cs,v f , S cf =hJ uonf? 9

csif;trsdK;om;rsm;pk&yf

xk@d tjyif (yk'rf - 88) t& jynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmf &kwo f rd ;f aomtcg vlrsK;d pkvw $ af wmfudk &kwo f rd ;f &rnf[k jyXmef;xm;onf? xk@d a=umifh v$waf wmf trwf ok;H ykEH pS yf &Hk ,lxm;aom ArmvlrsK;d rsm;u jynfaxmifpt k ajccHOya' jzpfap/ wjcm;Oya'rsm;jzpfap/ yifvpHk mcsKyu f v kd ufrw S af &;xk;d xm;aom vlrsK;d rsm;. qENryg0ifyJ jyXmef;Ekid o f nf? xk@d a=umifh Armr[kwaf om vlrsK;fd rsm; v$waf wmfY yg0ifjcif;rSm t"dyg` ,rf &Sad om yg0ifjcif;omjzpfonf? vlrsK;d pkvw $ af wmfonf Oya'jyKcGit hf m%m r&So d avmufjzpfaeonfh tjyif ArmvlrsK;d (53) trwf tiftm;&Spd OfY &Sr;f (25) OD;/ csi;f (8) OD; ESifh u&ifeD (3) OD;om&Sad oma=umifh Arm r[kwaf omvlrsK;d rsm;. tusK;d pD;yGm; twGuf Oya'jyK&ef rjzpfEidk af y? TuJo h @dk ygvrD ef (2) &yfpvk;H Y trwftiftm; rr#wjcif;a=umifh Arm vlrsK;d rsm;onf tcGix hf ;l cH/ tkycf sKyfo/l tufOya'jyKol vlrsK;d rsm;jzpfvm+yD;/ Armr[kwaf om vlrsK;d rsm;onf tkycf sKyfc&H jcif;vlrsK;d rsm;jzpfvm=uonf? xkd@a=umifh 1947 tajccHOya't& ArmvlrsKd;rsm;onf yifvkHpmcsKyfudk vufrw S af &;xk;d =uaom Armr[kwo f nfv h rl sK;d rsm;tay: Oya't& tEkid f usijhf cif;rsm; jyKvkyv f m=uonf? a'guw f marmifarmifu jynfaxmifpt k vHwiG &f adS om =u,f (5) vk;H onf u&if/ &Sr;f / ucsiEf iS hf csi;f udk toD;oD;udu k , kd pf m;jyKaom =u,f (4) vH;k ESihf (Armbk&if aemufq;Hk yku d ef ufe,fajrukd &nf!eG ;f aom) Arm/ &cdik Ef iS hf rGew f @kd ukd pkaygi;f ud, k pf m;jyKonfh =u,fwvH;k wd@k onf nD!w G rf u _ dk az:aqmif&ef jynf axmifpu k , kd pf m;jyK A[d=k u,f}uD;udk 0dik ;f &Hxm;=ujcif;jzpfonf[k t"dyg` ,f zGiq hf cdk jhJ cif; jzpfonf?

t*Fvyd t f yk cf sKyfrr_ wkid cf if vGwv f yfaom csi;f vJe;f ESifh ,ae@csi;f vJe;f jynfaxmifpk Ekid if o H m;tm;vk;H . qENuq dk ef@usiv f #uf ppfAv dk w f csK@d u Ekid if aH wmftm%mukd 1962-ckEpS /f rwfv (2) &ufae@wiG f odr;f yku d u f m jynf axmifpyk gvrD efudk zsuo f rd ;f +y;D awmfveS af &;aumifpu D dk zG@J pnf;vku d o f nf? csi;f / ucsi/f u&i/f u,m;ESihf &Sr;f [lI ppfa'oe,f (5) ck udzk @JG pnf;um wkid ;f jynfudk ppftyk cf sKyfa&;jzifh tkycf sKyfco hJ nf? 10

csif;vJef;zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'“rl-urf;”

rwfv (9) &ufae@ 1962 ckEpS w f iG f awmfveS af &;aumifpo D nf tkycf sKyf a&;/ w&m;pD&ifa&;ESifh Oya'jyKa&; tm%mtm;vk;H Akv d cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; vuf ok@d w&m;0ifvv J$ u dk t f yfco hJ nf? jynfwiG ;f nD!w G af &;tzG@J (,m,D) ukd 1968 ckEpS w f iG f tzG@J 0if (33) OD;yg0ifaom ,cifvw $ af wmf trwfa[mif; rsm;jzifh zG@J pnf;onf? csi;f jynfe,frS OD;xyfvid_ ;f ESifh OD;v$eyf Hk wk@d vnf; yg0if=uonf? ,cif Ekid if aH wmf0ef}uD;csKyfa[mif; OD;Ekonf tqkyd gtzG@J . OuUXtjzpf aqmif&Guf+yD; wkdif;oljynfom;rsm;tm; t}uH^m%frsm;ay;ykd@=u&ef owif;pme,fZif;rsm;rS wqifhjzef@csDcJhonf? &efukefouUokdvfwGif csif; ausmif;om;rsm;u OD;aqmif+yD; csif;vli,frsm;u t}uHay;wifjycsufukd a&;om;jyKpu k m csi;f uk, d pf m;vS,f (2) OD;xHrS ay;yk@d =u&m jynfwiG ;f nD!w G af &; aumfr&Sifu pmtrSwf (72) ESifh (77) &ufpGJ 4-6-1968 awmfvSefa&; aumifpOD uUX vufrw S jf zifh vufc&H &Sad =umif; ta=umif;jyefc=hJ uonf? csi;f vli,frsm; t}uaH y;csuw f iG f yg0ifonft h csurf sm;teuf ta&;}u;D aom tcsu}f uD; (2) ckrmS csi;f 0daoowkid ;f ukd jynfaxmifpzk uf'&,fEidk if H wnfaqmufr_ wpdww f a'ojzpfa=umif; twdtvif; todtrSwjf yK&ef ESifh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpEk idk if x H al xmif&efw@dk jzpfonf? ok@d aomf awmfveS af &; aumifpo D nf csi;f vli,frsm;t}uHay;csuu f dk ypfy,f&o Hk mru/ jynfwiG ;f nD!w G af &; t}uHay;tzG@J udk zsuo f rd ;f cJo h nf? pufwifbmv (26) &uf/ 1972-ckESpfwGif tajccHOya'a&;qGJa&;aumfr&Sifukd jrefrmqkd&S,fvpf vrf;pOfygwu D OD;pD;umzG@J pnf;cJo h nf? awmfveS af &;aumifpu D vnf; vkt d yf onft h axmuftyHEh iS fh vk+H cHKa&;rsm;ay;cJo h mru jynfo@l xrH S t}uHay;csuf rsm; uef@uu G af =umif; xkwjf yefa=unm cJo h nf? csif;vli,frsm;t}uHay;csufenf;wl csif;jynfolrsm;uvnf; tcsuf tvufaygi;f (150) xufrenf;aom t}uHay;csurf sm;ukd a&;om;ay;yk@d cJ=h uonf? ‚if;wk@d . t}uaH y;csurf sm;wGif csi;f 0daoowkid ;f udpEP iS fh zuf'&,f jynfaxmifpzk @JG pnf;a&;udprP sm;ukd csi;f vli,frsm;t}uaH y;csuEf iS fh xyfwt l }uH ay;cJ=h uonf? awmfveS af &;aumifpt D pk;df &onf xko d @dk t}uHay;=uaom csi;f acgi;f aqmif (50) xufrenf;ukd zrf;qD+yD; w&m;pD&ifjf cif;rjyKyJ axmifoiG ;f tusO;f csco hJ nf? ‚if;wk@d teuf (2) OD;uko d m w&m;pD&if+yD; axmifcsco hJ nf? tqkdygtzrf;cH&aomyk*~Kdvfrsm;rSm rw&m;toif;a=unmcH&aom zqyvtzG@J 0ifrsm;/ csi;f trsK;d om;tzG@J csKyf tzG@J 0ifrsm;/ jynfaxmifpyk gw0D if 11

csif;trsdK;om;rsm;pk&yf

rsm;ESihf csif;0daoowdkif;ESifh rauG;wkdif;twGif;&Sd rqv csif;trsKd;om; acgif;aqmifrsm; yg0if=uonf? Ttzrf;cH&aom csif;trsKd;om;rsm;rSm ppfAv dk af [mif;rsm;/ tkycf sKyfa&;t&m&Srd sm;/ q&m0efrsm;/ a&S@aersm; ausmif; om;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESihf EkdifiHa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;ponfjzifh vlwef;pm; tv$maygi;f pkH yg0if=uonf? rnfo@dk yifjzpfapumrl csi;f vlrsK;d rsm;. tajccH Oya'a&;om;a&;t}uHjyKcsurf sm;onf awmfveS af &;aumifpu D ydk if t}uD; tus,f*&uf&kdufcJha=umif;/ csif;trsKd;om;rsm;onf ‚if;wkd@. EkdifiHa&; tqift h wef; tajccHOya'abmifY jr‡irhf m;a&;udk rem;rae vkyaf qmifrnfh trsKd;om;rsm;jzpfa=umif; odomxif&Sm;ojzifh “csif;0daoowkdif;” ukd “csi;f jynfe,f” [k trnfcaH jymifvjJ cif;rsm; jyKvkycf jhJ cif; jzpfonf[k ,lq Ekdifonf? a'gufwmarmifarmifu “t+idrfraeaom vlrsKd;pkrsm;twGuf qkd&S,fvpfjynfaxmifpkwGif jynfe,ftopf (3) ckxyfzG@Jvkdufonf” [k a&;om;cJh onfrmS om"u wckjzpfaeonf? xk@d a=umifh 1974 tajccHOya' t& csi;f / &ckid f ESifh rGef a'orsm;ukd jynfe,frsm;tjzifh zG@J c&hJ onf? ok@d jzpfI 1947 tajccHOya'udk jynfo@l qENt& w&m;0ifzsuo f rd ;f jcif; r&So d jzifh 1947 tajccHOya't& urBmu h v k or*~. tzG@J 0ifEidk if H jzpfvm aom jrefrmEdik if t H wGuf 1947 tajccHOya'onf Ekid if w H umOya't& w&m;0iftajccHOya'wck jzpfonf? yk'rf (3) t& tcsKyftjcmtm%monf jynfov l ufxYJ &So d nf[k 1947 tajccHOya'u twdtvif;az: jyxm; ojzifh tcsKyftjcmtm%mukd ykdifqkdifxm;aom jynfolrsm;u 1990 taxGaxGa&G;aumufyYJG w&m;0ifa&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufxm;aom jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;u 1947 tajccHOya'tm;jzifh 'Dru dk a&pDEiS fh tcsKyftjcmtm%mukd jyeftoufoiG ;f &ef vkt d yfonf? ok@d jzpfI Armtpk;d & tufOya' 1935 ESihf tdE, dN tpk;d &tufOya' 1935 wk@d udk udv k ekd pD epfrS vGwv f yfa&;od@k toGiu f ;l ajymif;csed u f mvY tok;H cs onfh enf;wlpmG 1947 tajccHOya'ukv d nf; ppftyk cf sKyfa&;rS 'Dru kd a&pDo@kd toGiu f ;l ajymif;&mwGif tok;H csoifyh gonf? 1947 tajccHOya'udk todtrSwjf yK&ef ysuu f u G jf cif;onf 1962 Y w&m;r0iftm%modrf;xm;aom ppftkyfpkudk w&m;0ifaxmufcHjcif;jzpf onf? od@k jzpfI jynfox l YH &Sad om tcsKyftjcmtm%mjzifh 1990 Y a&G; aumufwifajrm‡ ufjcif;cH&aom trwfrsm;u 1947 tajccHOya'udk jyifqif um tpd;k &zJ@G oifo h nf? 12

csif;vJef;zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'“rl-urf;”

csi;f vlra_ &;ESihf ,Ofaus;r_aemufco H rdik ;f csi;f vlrsK;d rsm; aexdik &f ma'oonf tvGeu f s,jf yef@&o kH mru awmif wef;v#Kd ajrmifrsm;jym;r_EiS hf vrf;yef;qufo, G af &; cufcrJ r_ sm;a=umifh rdrw d @kd csi;f trsK;d om;rsm;t=um; oD;jcm;vlrsK;d rsm;yrm rSm;,Gi;f pGm awG;ac:,lq r_rsm; &Scd jhJ cif;jzpfonf? od@k aomf csi;f rsK;d EG,pf rk sm;onf wjcm;vlrsK;d rsm;=um;Y aexdik &f apumrl ‚if;wd@k . xl;jcm;aom *k%t f ifvuQ%mrsm;udk raysmuf rysuf xdef;odrf;Edkifjcif;u csif;trsKd;om;rsm;onf oD;jcm;vlrsKd;rsm;jzpf a=umif;udk xif[yfay:vGiaf ponf? wd;k wufaumif;rGev f maom qufo, G af &;vrf;a=umif;rsm;u csi;f trsK;d om;tcsi;f csi;f xdawG@qufqrH r_ sm; zefw;D vmaomtcg ‚if;wd@k . wlnrD r_ sm; ESihf nD&if;tpfukd wrsK;d om;rsm;jzpfa=umif;udk wjznf;jznf;ay:vGiv f mapcJh onf? qufo, G af &;vrf;a=umif;rsm; wd;k wufaumif;rGev f maomtcg (44) rdik o f ma0;aom zvrf;ESihf [m;cg;+rdK@onf +rdK@w+rdK@uo hJ @kd jzpfvmEdik o f nf? od@k jzpfI csi;f vlrsK;d rsm;onf ‚if;wd@k . ºuG,0f csr;f omaom ,Ofaus;r_/ pmayESihf tEkynmrsm;jzifh tajccHum pnf;vH;k nD!w G rf u _ kd wnfaqmuf&ef vdt k yfonf? ppftpd;k & tqufquf. zdEydS cf sKycf s,rf r_ sm;=um;uyif csi;f trsK;d om;rsm;onf ‚if;wdk@. ºuG,f0csrf;omaom bmompum;/ ,Ofaus;r_ "avhx;kH pHrsm;udk xde;f odr;f apmifah &SmufEikd cf =hJ uonf? xd@k a=umihf csi;f vJe;f zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'a&;qJGaomtcg csif;vlaer_ taqmufttHk zGH@+zdK; wd;k wufrr_ sm;udk t[ef@twm;rjzpfaprnfh tajccHOya'jzpf&ef tvGet f a&; }uD;ayonf? tvm;wlpGm 'Drdkua&pDxGef;um;a&;ESifh vl@tcGifhta&;udk tm;ay;umuG,af y;aom tajccHOya'jzpf&ef tvGet f a&;}uD; ayonf? u|Eyfk w f @kd csi;f trsK;d om;taqmufttH. k tao;i,fq;kH aom tydik ;f rSm yk*v ~ u d jzpf+yD; xdyk *k Kd~ vfw@kd ukd rdom;pkrsm;jzifh zG@J pnf;xm;onf? tqdyk g rdom;pkrsm;onf csif;rsKd;EG,fpkrsm;wGif yg0if+yD; rsKd;EG,fpkrsm;udk bmom pum;pkrsm;jzifh zG@J pnf;xm;onf? xdb k mompum;pkrsm;udk wzef vlrsKd ;pk rsm;jzifh zGJ@pnf;xm;+yD; aemufqHk;Y vlrsKd;pktm;vHk;onf csif;vlrsKd;tjzifh cH,el m;vnfjcif; jzpfonf? xd@k a=umifh csi;f [laom trsK;d om;emrnfonf bmompum;ºuG,0f aom vlrsK;d pkrsm;pGm wlnaD om ,Ofaus;r_"avhx;kH wrf;tpOftvm ordik ;f 13

csif;trsdK;om;rsm;pk&yf

&Sdaom vlrsKd;pktm;vHk;udk &nf!$ef;xm;jcif; jzpfygonf? csif;vlrsKd;ESifh e,ferd w d x f pfd yfaeaom ucsiv f rl sKd ;rsm;u “csi;f ” vlrsK;d rsm;udk “cef;” [kac: qdo k uJo h @kd tdE, dN ukvm;wd@k u “ulu;D ” [kac:qd=k uonf? csi;f [laom trnf “cvef;” od@k “cef;” rSm awmifyikd ;f csi;f vlrsK;d wd@k . tqdt k & “vl” [laom t"dy`g,foufa&mufjyefonf? bmompum;wdk;wufajymif;vJr_ a=umihf tac:ta0:rsm; ajymif;vJapumrl wrlx;l jcm;wlnrD r_ sm;u csi;f vlrsK;d rsm; vlrsKd;wckjzpfa=umif;udk ay:vGifxif&Sm;aev#uf&Sdonf? csif;vlrsKd;wdkd@u ‚if;wdk@u vlrsKd;wckjzpfonf [laom EdkifiHa&;tawG;tac:onf csif; trsKd ;om;a&; jzpfvmonf? +Adwo d #EiS hf tar&duef (od@k ) *smrefEiS hf =op}wD;,m;wd@k onf tvGef wln=D uaomfvnf; Edik if aH &;t& wlnrD r_ &S[ d k wcsK@d u ajymqd=k uvdrrhf nf/ od@k aomf rdom;pkwcktwGi;f Yyif rwlnrD r_ sm;pGm &Sad eonfukd owdjyKoifh ayonf? tvm;wlpmG urBmay:&Sv d o l m;tm;vH;k onf vlom;rsm;jzpf=u apumrl urBmt h pd;k &[lI r&Sad y? vlrsK;d rsm;/ vlrsK;d pkrsm;jzihf tqifq h ifch jJG cm; xm;aom vlom;rsm;=um;Y wlnrD &_ adS om olrsm;u wlnrD r_ sm;udk tajccHI yl;aygi;f aexdik jf cif;rSm obm0w&m; jzpfonfukd vufc&H rnfjzpfayonf? tvGeaf &S;usaom “&GmG w&Gmonfb&k ifEikd if w H ck” qdo k nfrh u l kd vufcH jcif;jzifh u|Eyfk w f @kd twGuf tusK;d pD;yGm;jzpfxeG ;f p&m r&Sad y? od@k jzpfI wlnrD _ rsm;udk tajccHv#uf csi;f vlrsK;d rsm;tjzpf qufvuf&yfwnf&ef vdt k yfay onf? TuJo h @kd nD&if;tudk wtlwq kH if;vlrsK;d rsm; OayuQmjyKjcif; qd;k usK;d udk odumQ awmf& q&mawmf rmwife,fr;kd vm;. uAsmwyk'u f axmufjyae ayonf? *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;udk n‡if;qJ&ef ‚if;wdk@a&mufvmpOf u|Efkyfonf qef@usifajymqdkr_rjyKcJh/ ta=umif;rSm u|Ekfyfonf *sL;vlrsKd; r[kw?f uGejf rLepfrsm;udk qef@usi&f ef‚if;wd@k a&mufvmpOf u|Eyfk o f nf qef@usifajymqdkr_rjyKcJh/ ta=umif;rSm u|Ekfyfonf uGefjrLepf r[kw/f ukeo f , G af &;tzG@J rsm;udk qef@usi&f ef ‚if;wd@k a&mufvmpOf u|Eyfk f onf qef@usiaf jymqdrk r_ jyKc/hJ ta=umif;rSm u|Eyfk o f nf ukeo f , G f a&; tzG@J 0ifr[kw?f 14

csif;vJef;zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'“rl-urf;”

odk@&mwGif u|Ekfyfudk zrf;qD;&ef ‚if;wdk@a&mufvmaomtcg u|Eyfk f ud, k pf m; umuG,af jymqdrk nfo h l r&S+d yD? od@k jzpfI wlnaD omvlrsK;d pktwGi;f rS wcsK@d tepfemcHaecsed Yf wcsK@d u 0ifa&muf[ef@wm;um umuG,af y;&efta&;}u;D vSayonf? od@k r[kwf v#if ESpfOD;ESpfzuf tusKd;pD;yGm;epfem&efom&Sdonfudk csif;vlrsKd;tm;vHk;od&Sd vufc&H ef txl;vdt k yfayonf? vlrsK;d i,fav;rsm;taejzifh urBmo h rdik ;f udk avhvm+y;D oif,o l ifah om oifcef;pmwckrmS pnf;vH;k nD!w G pf mG twlwuG pkaygi;f vkyaf qmif aexdik =f urnfavm (od@k ) twlwuG ysupf ;D aysmufu, G f =urnfavm [laom tcsuyf ifjzpfygonf? csi;f vlrsK;d rsm;onf vlrsK;d wckr[kw[ f k tenf;i,fujJG ym;jcm;em;aom bmompum;udk ta=umif;jy+y;D ajymqkad &;om;jcif;rSm &mpkEpS rf sm;pGmumv wav#muf qufo, G u f ;l vl;qufqaH &;cufcrJ . _ qd;k usKd ;&vm'fukd rod&dS em;rvnfjcif;om jzpfygonf? u|Eyfk w f @kd csi;f vlrsK;d rsm; nD&if;tpfukd wtlwkH qif;jzpfa=umif;udk odomcdik rf mapum ,ae@txd em*awmifwef;rsm;ESihf ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f wcsK@d a'owGif Oya'tm;jzifh touf0ifv#u&f adS om csi;f awmif wef;rsm; tufOya'tm; vnf;aumif;/ xdk Oya' &Sd csi;f [laom teuf t"dyg` ,t f m; 1948 csi;f 0daoowdik ;f tufOya'u zGiq hf ckd surf sm;udk txl; od&edS m;vnfvufc&H ef vdt k yfayonf? od@k jzpfI csi;f vJe;f tajccHOya'onf csi;f vlrsKd ;rsm;. bmompum;/ ,Ofaus;r_/ xHk;wrf;pOfvm ºuG,f0csrf;omr_udkqufvuf zGH@+zdK;wdk;wuf apjcif;tvdk@iSm 'Drdkua&pDESifh zuf'&,fpepfrsm;udk tajccHusihfoHk;a&;qJG xm;jcif;jzpfayonf? a'oE &W toD;oD;. tusK;d pD;yGm;omru csi;f wrsK;d om;vHk;. trsKd;om;tusKd;pD;yGm;rsm;udk jznfhwif;ay;Edkif&ef zuf'&,f jynfaxmifppk epf wnfaxmifEikd af &;ukd a&S@&I _ T csi;f vJe;f tajccHOya'udk a&;qGx J m;jcif;jzpfayonf? 'Dru kd a&pDEiS hf zuf'&,fr0l g'rsm;udk tajccHxm;um a&;qGx J m;aom T csi;f vJe;f tajccH Oya'rl=urf;onf csi;f wrsK;d om;vH;k . wd;k wuf&m wd;k wuf a=umif; trsKd;om;tusKd;pD;yGm;atmifjrifa&;. tajccHtkwfjrpfwck jzpf ayonf?

tydik ;f (2) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk jyefvnfwnfaqmuf&ef csi;f trsK;d om;rsm;. awmif;qdck surf sm;

csif;vJef;zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'“rl-urf;”

zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk jyefvnfwnfaqmuf&ef csi;f trsK;d om;rsm;. awmif;qdck surf sm; jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if t H m; zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k jzpf jyefvnfz@GJ pnf;jcif; ,ckvuf&dS jynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0ifvrl sKd ;rsm;onf 1947 tajccHOya'ESihf yifvpkH mcsKyf. tESpo f m&rsm;udk tajccH+y;D ‚if;wd@k . ,Ofaus;r_/ "avhx;kH wrf; pOfvmESihf ud, k yf ikd jf yXmef;cGihf tjynft h 0&&Sad prnfh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpu k kd jyefvnfz@JG pnf; &efvt kd yfonf? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if &H dS 'Dru kd &ufwpftiftm;pk0ifrsm; tm;vH;k u vnf; jynfaxmifp. k teuft"dyg` ,rf mS oD;jcm;vlrsKd ;rsm;tm;vH;k u wef;wl nDr#r_udk tajccH+yD; vGwfvyfpGmzGJ@pnf;xm;aom EdkifiHaygif;pkjzpfonfudk vufc, H =kH unf&ef vdt k yfonf? ppfreS af omzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk qdo k nfrmS tiftm;jzifhjzpfap/ twif;t=uyfvkyfaqmifjcif;tm;jzifh zGJ@pnf;Ir&ay? twlwuGpak ygi;f aexdik jf cif;tm;jzifh tusK;d pD;yGm;&So d nfukd vufcI H vGwv f yf pGm zG@J pnf;xm;rSom ppfreS af om zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk jzpfEikd o f nf? od@k jzpfI ppftpd;k &u vufeufjzifjh zpfap/ t=uyfuikd +f crd ;f ajcmufIjzpfap jynfaxmifpk wnf+rJa&;udk aqmif&u G af ejcif;rSm rSm;,Gi;f ayonf? ppftpd;k &u vufeuftm;jzifh jynfaxmifpu k kd twif;t=uyf xde;f csKyf aeoa&GŒ +idr;f csr;f r_ &SEd ikd rf nfr[kw?f rnfonfw h ikd ;f jynfY rqdk vufeufjzifh twif;t=uyfxed ;f csKyx f m;oa&GŒ wdik ;f jynfonf qlyrl r_ sm;jzifh jynfEh u S af ernf jzpfonf? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if o H nfvnf; q,fpEk pS af ygi;f rsm;pGm ppftpd;k &. twif;t"rRtyk cf sKyfra_ =umifh +idr;f csr;f wd;k wufr_ qkw, f w k u f m qlyyl ek u f efr_ rsm;jzifh jynfEh u S cf o hJ nfukd awG@&onf? tvm;wl jynfaxmifpu k kd vGwv f yfpmG jynfaxmifpt k zJ@G 0ifrsm;u rzG@J pnf;ojzifh ppftoH;k p&dwf tuket f usrsm;jym; um tqif;&Jq;kH Edik if t H aetxm;ok@d a&muf&jdS cif;vnf; jzpfayonf? od@k jzpfI jynfaxmifpjk y\emudk ajz&Si;f &ef taumif;qH;k enf;vrf;rSm 'Drdkua&pDESifh w&m;Oya'enf;usus vGwfvyfpGm jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;wnf axmifjcif;jzpfonf? xdkodk@ +idrf;csrf;pGm tajz&SmEdkif&ef 1947 ck tajccH Oya'ESihf yifvpkH mcsKyftESpo f m&rsm; vufcjH znfph u G rf j_ yK+y;D 1990 taxGaxG 19

csif;trsdK;om;rsm;pk&yf

a&G;aumufyGJtEdkfif& jynfol@udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tm; tm%may;tyf&ef vdt k yfayonf? xdo k @kd 'Dru kd a&pD oabmobm0ESihf zuf'&,fpepfusio hf ;kH um jynf axmifp. k jy\emudk csO;f uyftajz&SmrSom ppfreS af om jynfaxmifpjk yef vnf&iS o f ef+yD; vl@bakH vmuopfukd jyefvnfwnfaqmuf a&muf&EdS ikd rf nf jzpfayonf?

zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk jyefvnfz@JG pnf;&ef tajccHoabmw&m;rsm; 'Dru kd a&pDEiS hf wef;wlru _ kd Edik if t H m;vH;k vdv k u kd qENraJ y;jcif;jzifh taumif txnfaz:=uonf? woD;yk*v ~ rsm;onf t&G,t f pm;/ tqift h wef;/ usm;/ r ponfjzifh trsK;d rsK;d uGjJ ym;apumrl rJwrJyikd q f ikd jf cif;Y wln=D uonf? T oabmw&m;onfvnf; Edik if rH sm; pkaygi;f um toif;tzG@J z@JG pnf;aomtcg usifhoHk;=uonfudk urBmhukvor*~Y EdkifiH }uD;onf/ i,fonf jzpfap/ qif;&Jonfcsr;f omonfjzpfap/ rJwrJ pDay;ydik cf iG &hf jdS cif;Y wln=D uonf? 0DvsyH w D mqif qdak om e,l;*smqD jynfe,ftrwf pum;t&qdv k #if “udk,fpm;jyKcGifhudk udef;*%ef;rsm;tay: tajccHI zGJ@pnf;oifhoavm? e,l;*smqDjynfe,fu rJ (5) rJom ay;cGi&hf &dcS sed f Y Am*s;D eD;,m;jynfe,fu rJ (16) rJ ay;cGi&hf adS om aumifpYD e,l;*smqDjynfe,f. vGwv f yfciG u hf kd u|Eyfk w f @kd csKycf s,cf &H rnfavm” [k wef;wlnrD #r_ umuG,u f m tar&duefjynfaxmifpk tajccHOya'nd‡Ed_if;aqG;aEG;pOf cg;oD;pGmajymqkdcJhonfrSm oifcef;pmwck jzpfayonf? qufvufI ajym=um;&mwGif xdo k @kd rnDr#pmG rJay;cGiahf y;jcif;udk qufvufusio hf ;kH ygu tm%m&Sipf epfukd a&muf&rdS nfjzpfI ‚if;ESihf ‚if;. jynfe,fom;rsm;taejzifh ‚if;wd@k .b0udk tm%m&Si. f vufxo J @kd rnfonfh enf;eJ@r# rtyfEikd [ f ak jymqdck o hJ nf? yifvpkH mcsKyfukd csKyfq=kd uaom vlrsK;d toD;oD;. acgi;f aqmifw@kd uvnf; 'Dru kd a&pDEiS hf wef;wlnrD #ru _ kd tajccHum Edik if }H u;D onf i,fonfra&G;/ vlO;D a& tenf;trsm;udk tajcrcHbJ wef;wlnrD #pmG jzifh tm;vH;k .tusK;d pD;yGm;udk aqmif&u G f taumiftxnfazmf&ef oabmwlc=hJ ujcif; jzpfonf? 20

csif;vJef;zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'“rl-urf;”

od@k jzpfI jynfaxmifpt k rsK;d om;jynfe,frsm;onf vlO;D a&tenf;trsm; ESihf e,fajrtus,t f 0ef;udk tajcrcHbJ wlnaD om OD;a&ESihf ud, k pf m;jyKcGi/hf rJay;cGirhf sm;udk usio hf ;kH um trsK;d om;nDvmcHEiS hf tajccHOya'nDvmcHw@kd wiG f rJay;ydik cf iG &hf aSd p&rnft h jyif tenf;qH;k v$waf wmf wckonf tjcm;v$waf wmf xuf tm%myd&k &dS rnf? od@k ro S m vGwv f yfpmG ESihf wef;wlpmG zG@J pnf;xm;aom ppfreS o f nfh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk jzpfEikd rf nf jzpfonf? tajccHOya'qdo k nfrmS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrS jyXmef;onfh tufOya' rsK;d r[kw/f ‚if;onf jrifjh rwfav;eufI wefz;kd }u;D rm;aom Oya'wd@k . t&if; tjrpfjzpfonfhtjyif twlwuG yl;aygif;aexdkifum trsm;tusdK;pD;yGm; aqmif&Guf taumiftxnfazmfvkyfaqmif=u&ef oabmwlxm;onfh yÉdnmOfvnf; jzpfonf? od@k jzpfI tajccHOya'tm; vlrsKd ;pkwck. qENukd tajccHI twnfjyKjcif;onf vlrsK;d pkrsm;pGm zG@J pnf;xm;aom jynfaxmifpYk roifah wmfay? nDwn l rD #aom ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh twnfjyKcsuu f &kd ,l jyXmef;usio hf ;kH rSomv#if 'Dru kd a&pDpepfEiS hf ud, k yf ikd jf yXmef;cGiu hf kd tajccHaom zuf'&,fpepf&Sifoefum csif;vJef;onf jynfaxmifpktzGJ@0ifwcktjzpf tjcm;jynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf yg0ifvmEdik rf nf jzpfonf? tcsKyftm;jzifq h akd omf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k zJ@G pnf;tkycf sKyfyt kH ajccH Oya'udk jynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0iftoD;oD;. nDr#aom ud, k pf m;jyKud, k pf m;vS,f trsm;qENt& twnfjyK=u&efjzpf+yD;/ jynfaxmifpjk ynfom; trsm;qENt& todtrSwjf yK&ef rjzpfEikd af y? Tenf;tm;jzifo h mv#if zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk udk jyefvnf zG@J pnf;oifah yonf?

csi;f vJe;f zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt kH ajccHOya'ESihf tpd;k &zJ@G pnf;yHrk sm; vGwv f yfaomwdik ;f jynf (od@k ) jynfe,fwckz@JG pnf;&mwGif tajccHOya' onf tc&musaom t&mjzpfayonf? xdo k @kd aom tajccHOya'.teuf t"dy`g,fudk zGifhqkdaomtcg “tajccHOya'qdkonf tpdk;&.tm%mESifh vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;udk jyXmef;jcif;ESihf xdt k csuEf pS cf suw f @kd tjyeftvSeq f ufqjH cif;” [lI t=urf;tm;jzifh zGiq fh =dk uonf? od@k jzpfI tajccHOya'. oabmw&m; rsm;udk wnfaqmufaomtcg Oya'jyKtzGJ@zGJ@pnf;jcif;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJ@ zJ@G pnf;jcif;ESihf w&m;pD&ifa&;tzG@J zG@J pnf;jcif;wd@k yg0ifayonf? tufOya'rsm; udk Oya'jyKtzG@J ua&;om;+yD; tkycf sKyfa&;tzG@J rsm;u toH;k csum tqdyk g 21

csif;trsdK;om;rsm;pk&yf

Oya'a&;om;csufrsm;ESifh toHk;jyKcsufrsm; tajccHOya'ESifhtnDjzpfrjzpf w&m;pD&ifa&;tzG@J u pDppf&ayonf? tajccHOya'rsm;udk wjynfaxmifOya'ESifh jynfaxmifpkOya'[lI t=urf;tm;jzifh cGJjcm;xm;onf? vlrsKd;/ bmompum;/ "avhxHk;pHwlnD aomEdik if rH sm;wGif wjynfaxmiftajccHOya'udk usio hf ;kH =u+yD;/ vlrsK;d aygi;f pH/k bmompum;ESihf ,Ofaus;r_rsm;jym;aom Edik if rH sm;Y jynfaxmifpt k ajccH Oya' (od@k ) zuf'&,fOya'rsm;udk a&;qGt J oH;k jyK=uonf? jynfaxmifpk (od@k ) zuf'&,ftajccHOya'rsm;wGif Oya'jyKcGi/hf tkycf sKyf cGi/hf w&m;pD&ifciG t hf m%mrsm;udk A[dEk iS jhf ynfe,frsm;t=um; cGjJ cm;ay;tyf xm;avh&o dS nf? wjynfaxmifpepfwiG rf l A[du k Oya'jyKcGi/hf tkycf sKyfciG Ehf iS hf w&m;pD&ifciG t hf m;vH;k wd@k ukd csKyfuikd x f m;onf? orRwpepf/ ygvDrefpepf[lI pepfESpfrsdK;ESpfpm;&Sdonfhteuf csif; trsKd;om;rsm;pk&yf. trsm;qENrSm jynfaxmifpkzuf'&,fjrefrmEdkifiHwGif tqdyk g pepfEpS cf u k kd a&maxG;um usio hf ;kH oifo h nf[k ,lqonf? ta=umif; rSm jynfaxmifpktzGJ@0ifjynfe,frsm;t=um;Y vlOD;a&ESifh yx0De,fajr ydik q f ikd rf u _ mG jcm;csuf tvGerf r#rw wnf&adS eaoma=umifjh zpfonf? xdk@a=umifhjynfaxmifpk. tajccHOya'udk zuf'&,fpepfY tajccH oifah yonf? od@k jzpfI csi;f vJe;f . tajccHOya'udv k nf; wjynfaxmifEiS hf zuf'&,fpepfukd a&maxG;um a&;qGx J m;jcif; jzpfonf? jynfaxmifpk zuf'&,fEikd if YH orwpepfukd usio hf ;kH jcif;jzifh qd;k usK;d rsm; &Sad eaoma=umifh ygvrD efpepfukd usio hf ;kH um zuf'&,fpepf xGe;f um;ap&ef &nf&, G cf sujf zifh ygvrD ef'rD u kd a&pDpepfukd tajccHum orRwpepfuv kd nf; usio hf ;kH Edik &f ef wifjyxm;jcif;jzpfayonf? tu,fI csi;f vJe;f Y orRwpepfukd usio hf ;kH v#if csi;f vJe;f t}uD;tuJ/ (OD;ao#mif) csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;udk csi;f jynforl sm;u wdu k &f u kd rf aJ y;+yD; a&G;cs,&f rnfjzpf+y;D csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyaf &;rSL;u â&#x20AC;&#x161;if;. uufbed uf tzG@J 0ifrsm;udk csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzG@J . oabmwlncD sujf zifh a&G;cs,&f rnf jzpfayonf? csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;tm; wdu k &f u dk jf ynfou l a&G;cs,jf cif;jzifh t&nf tcsi;f jynfrh o SD u l kd a&G;cs,&f ef tvm;tvmrsm;ayonf? xko d @kd wku d &f u dk af &G; cs,jf cif;jzifh csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyaf &;rSL;onf rsK;d EG,pf t k m;vH;k udk wdu k &f u dk u f , kd pf m; 22

csif;vJef;zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'“rl-urf;”

jyKvmrnfjzpf+yD;/ ‚if;wdk@. ,Hk=unfvufcHtm;udk;r_udk tusKd;&Sd&SdtoHk;cs Edik rf nf jzpfayonf? od@k aomf wm0efrahJ om wm0efrav;pm;aom csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;udk a&G;cs,rf yd gu tE &W m,frsm;pGm&SEd ikd o f nfukd owdro l ifah yonf? usO;f ajrmif; aom a'opG&J o dS nf[k pGypf cJG &H olrsm;/ jynfo@l u, kd pf m;rjyKolrsm;/ csi;f ordik ;f Y ajymqdpk &m&Scd o hJ nfukd rarhoifah y? xdo k @kd tm;jzifh tjiif;tcHjk zpfp&m tcsut f vuf taxmuftxm; rsm;udk owdrv l #uf Tpmwrf;tm;jzifh csi;f jynfojl ynfom;tm;vH;k csi;f trsKd;om;tusKd;pD;yGm;. t&if;cHjzpfrnfh csif;vJef;zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya' rl=urf;a&;qGaJ &;wGif ud, k x f v d ufa&muf wwyfwtm;yg0ifvmap&ef zdwf ac:tyfygonf? tcsKyftm;jzifh qd&k aomf (1) csi;f vJe;f tajccHOya'onf rwif;rmv#uf jyKjyif&vG,af om tajccH Oya' jzpfoifah =umif;? (2) csi;f vJe;f tajccHOya'onf 'Dru kd a&pDEiS hf vGwv f yfciG u hf kd tm;ay;tm; ajr‡mufjyKaom tajccHOya'jzpfoifah =umif;? (3) csi;f vJe;f . a'oE &W tkycf sKyfa&;e,fajrcGaJ 0r_ukd bmompum;/ obm0 a&ajrtaetxm;ESihf rd&;dk zvmtkycf sKyfa&;e,fajrwd@k ukd tajccHa&;qJG oifah =umif;? (4) csi;f vJe;f onf ‚if;. ud, k yf ikd t f ajccHOya'ESit hf nD zuf'&,fjynfaxmif pk. tzG@J 0ifjzpfa=umif;ESihf tqdyk g zuf'&,f'&,fjynfaxmifpu k kd jrefrm zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp[ k ak c:qdo k ifah =umif;? (5) csi;f vJe;f . tajccHOya'onf zuf'&,f0g'udk tajccHa&;qGx J m;&m a'oE &W e,ftoD;oD;onf ‚if;wd@k a&;&mudk ‚if;wd@k pdww f ikd ;f usvyk f aqmifciG hf &So d ifah =umif;ESihf (6) orRwpepfEiS hf ygvrD efpepfwckcu k kd a&maESmxm;aompepfukd usio hf ;kH oifah =umif; (od@k ) Trl=urf;Y orRwpepfukd tav;ay; a&;om;xm; a=umif;? csif;trsdK;om;rsm;pk&yf/ tvkyt f zG@J (1) csif;vJef;zJG@pnf;yHktajccHOya'rl=urf;a&;qGJa&; 23

tydik ;f (3) csi;f vJe;f zGÅ&#x2019;J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'rl-urf;

csif;vJef;zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'“rl-urf;”

PREAMBLE OF CHINLAND CONSTITUTION

csi;f vJe;f zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'ed'ge;f Considering the many conspicuous similarities of the various dialectal and cultural groups of the Chin people, which make us closer to each other than to people outside our common frontiers, the technical differences that we have, which some people might try to emphasize, are outweighed by the similarities that we have in our common society.

enf;edom,uJjG ym;jcm;em;r_rsm;a=umifh u|Eyfk w f @dk csi;f vlrt _ zJ@G tpnf;wGif uJjG ym;jcm;em;r_rsm;&So d nf[k wcsK@d aomyk*K~ v d rf sm;u rSw, f =l uaomfjim;vnf;/ u|Eyfk w f @dk csi;f vlrsK;d rsm;. bmompum;pkrsm;ESihf ,Ofaus;r_"avh xk;H wrf; pOfvmrsm; odomxif&mS ;wrlx;l jcm;pGm wlnaD ejcif;u u|Eyfk w f @dk EiS hf e,ferdwf jcif; qufpyfaeaom wjcm;vlrsK;d rsm;xufyrdk adk oG;pnf;nD!w G af pr_udk pOf;pm; atmufarhIaomf‚if;? Contemplating the fact that when modern communication is improved in our region, the different dialectal groups or tribes of the Chins will have more and more contact with each other, leading to greater mutual intelligibility of the different dialects of Chin society, so that we will be able to increase our sense of oneness;

csi;f vJe;f Y acwfrq DS ufo, G af &; puf,E &W m;rsm; wk;d wufaumif;rGev f m +yD; csif;vlrsKd;pkrsm;. rodromuJGjym;aom u|Ekfyfwkd@.bmompum;ESifh ,Ofaus;r_"avhx;Hk wrf;pOfvmrsm; ykrd x dk ad wG@qufqv H maomtcg &&So d jd rif vufcv H mrnfh od&edS m;vnfrr_ sm;u u|Eyfk w f @dk csi;f vlrsK;d rsm; wvk;H w0jzpfjcif; od@k OD;aqmifomG ;rnfudk ar#mv f if, h =Hk unfIaomf‚if;? Giving deep respect to the fact that we should not lose our sense of brotherhood in the affinities shared by all people who fall under the definition of Chin in the 27

csif;trsdK;om;rsm;pk&yf

Chin Hills Regulation Act 1896, a definition which is still in force in the Naga Hills of Sagaing Division in the Union of Burma, and which was adopted in the Chin Special Division Act of 1948 with the support of the Chin representatives to the Union of Burma;

u|Eyfk w f @dk csi;f trsK;d om;rsm;onf nD&if;tpfuw kd pftw l q Hk if; jzpfa=umif; Oya'oufaotaxmuftxm;jzpfonfh csi;f awmifwef;rsm; tufOya' 1896 ESihf 1947 ckEpS Yf csi;f 0daoowdik ;f tufOya'rsm;tjzpf csi;f trsKd ;om; udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u jyXmef;um ,ae@txdwdkif em*awmifwef;rsm;ESifh ppfudkif;wdkif;wpdwfwa'owdk@wGif Oya'tjzpf tusHK;0ifv#uf&Sdaom tufOya'rsm;ukd av;pm;vku d ef mIaomf‚if;? Believing that what were once thought to be fundamental differences in our dialects and cultures have now been revealed to be merely minor differences arising from our different environments, and accepting those differences as important contributions to the richness of our literature and culture, so that they do not block every closer relations among Chin people;

,cifu bmompum;ESifh,Ofaus;r_rsm; euf&_dif;pGmuJGjym;onf[k ,lqcJ=h uonfrsm;rSm obm0ygw0f ef;usit f aetxm; jcm;em;uJjG ym;r_rsm; a=umifh vGrJ mS ;xifjrif,q l r_rsm;omjzpfa=umif; wjznf;jznf;ay:vGiv f maom tcg xkdokd@aom ay:vGifxif&Sm;r_rsm;u u|Ekfyfwkd@csif;trsKd;om;rsm;. bmom/ pum;/ pmayESi, hf Ofaus;r_ euf&id_ ;f ºuG,0f r_rsm; ay:vGix f if&mS ; vmaprnfudk ,k=H unfIaomf‚if;? Considering that this idea of brotherhood should be enshrined, together with democracy and self-determination, in the Constitution of Chinland, as a constituent unit of the Federal Union of Burma, to guide us in freedom toward striving for ever-increasing prosperity and development for Chinland and its people;

'Dru dk a&pD ESihf uk, d yf idk jf yXmef;cGirhf sm;ukd tajccHv#uf a&;qGx J m;aom Tcsi;f vJe;f zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'onf csi;f vlrsK;d tm;vk;H nDtpfudk 28

csif;vJef;zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'“rl-urf;”

trsK;d wljzpfa=umif;udk ay:vGix f if[yfap+yD; csi;f vlrsK;d rsm;. vGwv f yfa&; zG@H +zdK;wk;d wufa&;tvk@d imS TtajccHOya't& csi;f vJe;f onf zuf'&,fjynf axmifp. k wpdww f a'ojzpfa=umif;ukd vufcx H if&mS ;Iaomf‚if;? Paying heed to the fact that our forefathers once worshiped the hills and dales, not only because they believed that spirits lived there, but also because in a remote region of their consciousness rooted in their deep devotion to protect our land, heritage and society forever, they realized that the hills and dales protected them from invasion by alien peoples from the outside world; and

u|Eyfk w f @dk . bk;d bGm;bDbifw@dk onf ‚if;wk@d .ykid ef ufe,fajrrsm; trsK;d om; tarGtESprf sm;ESihf trsK;d om;a&;qdik &f m *k%t f ifvuQ%mrsm;ukd wkid ;f wyg; Edik if jH cm;om;rsm;. usL;ausm0f ifa&muf odr;f yku d zf suq f ;D jcif;rS awmifwef; rsm;/ v#Kad jrmifrsm;&Sd 0dOm%fwefc;dk &Sirf sm;u umuG,Ef idk o f nf[k ‚if;wk@d . todw&m;Y pJ+G rJpmG ,k=H unfvufccH hJ jcif;ukd av;pm;=unfnKd Iaomf‚if;? Seeing clearly that our hills and dales, which have so long protected our national identity, are no longer enough to preserve us, so that we must turn to constitutional means to sustain our continued self-determination; therefore, WE THE CHIN PEOPLE solemnly declare that in exercising our inherent sovereignty, we hereby establish this Constitution of Chinland, and with this Constitution we affirm our common wish to live together in peace and harmony to preserve the heritage of the past and to protect the promise of the future; To make one nation out of the many dialectal and cultural groups of the Chin people living in our hills and dales, we respect that affinities that we share, as well as the diversity of dialects and cultures that enriches us.

u|Eyfk w f @dk . trsK;d om;*k%t f ifvuQ%mrsm;ukd awmif;wef;v#Kad jrmif rsm;&Sd wefckd;&Sif0dOm%frsm;u xda&mufpGm rumuG,fEkdifawmha=umif; &Sif;vif;pGmem;vnfod&Sdaoma=umifh u|Ekfyfwkd@qENtrSefukd tajccHv#uf a&;om;jyXmef;aom TzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'tm;jzifh u|Ekfyfwkd@ 29

csif;trsdK;om;rsm;pk&yf

.uk, d yf idk jf yXmef;cGihf ESihf trsK;d om;*k%t f ifvuQ%mrsm;ukd &Sio f efz@GH +zKd ;ap&ef/ u|Eyfk w f @dk csi;f trsK;d om;rsm;onf av;eufwnf=unfpmG jzifh u|Eyfk w f @dk . arG;&m yg tcGit hf a&;tm;vk;H ukd vGwv f yfpmG tok;H cs+y;D twlwuG tpOft+ryJ ;l aygi;f aexkid v f adk omqEN/ csi;f trsK;d om;*k%t f ifvuQ%mtm;vk;H xdr;f odr;f apmifh a&Smufvadk omtmoDwESihf u|Eyfk w f @dk .tem*wf tusK;d pD;yGm;rsm;ukd umuG,f apmifha&Smuf wkd;wufxGef;um;apvkdaom oH"dXmefrsm;jzifh csif;vJef;ukd bmompum;ESihf ,Ofaus;r_ยบu, G 0f aom awmifwef;ESiv hf #Kad jrmif=um; aexkid f =uonfh csi;f vlrsK;d tm;vk;H . nD!w G rf /_ tjyeftvSeaf v;pm;r_ ESihf em;vnfr_ rsm;jzifh wnfaqmuf&ef qk;H jzwf=uonf? The many hills and dales of our common heritage bring us together, sustain and enlarge us, and make us stronger; they no longer separate us.

ajrmufjrm;pGmaom awmifwef;rsm;ESiv hf #Kad jrmifrsm;onf u|Eyfk w f @dk . trsK;d om;*k%t f ifvuQ%mrsm;ESihf u|Eyfk w f @dk udk ruJt G wl tpOf}uD;xGm;ap v#u&f . dS ? Our ancestors, who made their homes in these highlands, displaced no other people. We who remain have no home other than this one. Having known war, we hope for peace. Having been divided, we wish unity. Having been ruled, we seek freedom.

Tawmifwef; ESihf v#Kad jrmifrsm;Y tdr, f mwkid ;f jynfxal xmifvmcJ=h u aom u|Eyfk w f @dk .bk;d bGm;bDbifw@dk onf rnfo@l urdk rS ESix f w k cf =hJ u/ u|Eyfk f wk@d onf TajrrSvI GJ wjcm;tdr, f mwkid ;f jynfr&S/d orkid ;f rwifru DS mvrSpI csi;f vJe;f onf t*Fvyd w f @dk ord ;f yku d o f nft h xd vGwv f yfItcsKyt f jcmtm%m ykid f Ekid if jH zpfc. hJ ? Tajrae&m wkid ;f jynfY ppfrufjzpfymG ;jcif; }uHKawG@c=hJ uI +idr;f csr;f a&;ukd iHv h if=h u.? cJjG cm;ykid ;f jzwfjcif; cHc=hJ uI pnf;vk;H r_udk awmifh w=u.? wjcm;vlrsKd;rsm;. tkyfcsKyfr_'%fukd cHcJh=uI vGwfvyfr_ukd awmif;qk=d u.? Recognizing that from time immemorial, our Chinland remained independent and free from outside force until British annexation in the nineteenth century. 30

csif;vJef;zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'“rl-urf;”

ordik ;f rwifru D mvrSpI (19) &mpkY t*Fvyd w f @kd u jyifyrSusL;ausmf odr;f ydu k o f nftxd csi;f vJe;f onf vGwv f yfaomEdik if t H jzpf wnf&cdS o hJ nfukd todtrSwjf yKatmufarhI aomf‚if;? We extend to all nations that which we seek from each: peace, friendship, cooperation, and love in our common humanity. With this Constitution, we who have been the ward of other nations, become the proud guardian of our highland country, now and forever.

u|Eyfk w f @dk onf Ekid if t H m;vk;H ESihf +idr;f csr;f pGmtwl,OS w f GJ aexkid jf cif;ukd vkdvm;awmif;qkd.? TtajccHOya'tm;jzifh u|Ekfyfwkd@ESifh e,ferdwfjcif; xdpyfvmaomEkid if rH sm;ukd u|Eyfk w f @dk .e,ferdwf xdr;f odr;f apmifah &Smufaom Ekid if rH sm; rsm;tjzpf av;pm;qufqaH e=urnf jzpf.? We are one as a people in language, tradition, common habitation and love of this highland.

u|Eyfk w f @dk . wlnaD ombmompum; xk;H xrf;"avh,Ofaus;r_rsm;ESihf Tawmifwef;v#Kdajrmifrsm;tm;cspfjrwfEkd;jcif;jzifh twlwuG,SOfwJG aexkid v f mr_w@dk u vlrsK;d wckjzpfa=umif; xif[yfay:vGiaf p.? We are proud of our way of life, which has survived the assaults of colonizers and the ravages of time, and we are proud of the wisdom of our aged people and the vigor of our youth.

u|Eyfk w f @dk .wkid ;f jynfEiS hf vlrsK;d *k%t f ifvuQ%mrsm; rajymufysuaf &; odpmP &S&d o dS wWt d jynfjh zifh e,fcs@J usL;ausm&f efudk ckcu H muG,w f eG ;f vSecf =hJ uaom bk;d bGm;bDbifrsm; ESihf wGe;f vSeq f J rsK;d cspv f il ,frsm;ukd av;pm;.? We are strong in our faith in our communal capacity for compromise and flexible growth and in our emerging democratic institutions.

u|Eyfk w f @dk onf u|Eyfk w f @dk . yifu, dk pf rG ;f tm;rsm;tay: ,k=H unfrt _ jynfh t0&Sv d #uf ndE‡ id_ ;f vufcw H wfaom pdw"f gwaf umif;rsm;jzifh 'Dru dk a&wpf vl@abmifopfqo D @dk ta&mufcsw D uf&ef t"dXmefjyK=u.? 31

csif;trsdK;om;rsm;pk&yf

As we together forge a new and higher destiny, we recognize that our traditions, our communal spirit, and the natural resources of our highland will be tested by the tasks ahead of us.

u|Ekfyfwkd@tm;vkH;vufwJGI 'Drkdua&wpfvl@abmifopfqDokd@ csDwuf aepOfwGif u|Ekfyfwkd@&kd;&m,Ofaus;r_/ a'oE W&pdwf"gwf/ awmifwef;ajr. obm0tar$tESprf sm;onf tprf;oyfc&H rnfudk vufc. H ? Therefore, to celebrate our oneness, preserve our natural riches, renew our pride, fortify our strength, meet our concerns, guard our aspirations, and enable our determinations, WE THE PEOPLE of CHINLAND establish and give our life to this Constitution as the supreme law of our land on (month/date/year).

xk@d a=umifh u|Eyfk w f @dk . wvk;H wpnf;wnf;jzpfjcif;ukd *k%jf yK&ef/ u|Eyfk w f @dk .obm0tar$tESprf sm;ukd xdr;f odr;f &ef/ u|Eyfk w f @dk . trsK;d *k%o f u d mQ ukd jyefvnfqef;ppf&ef/ u|Eyfk w f @dk . tiftm;udck idk cf ef@ap&ef/ u|Eyfk w f @dk . ta&; udpPrsm; jynfh0vmap&ef/ u|Ekfyfwkd@. qENtmoDwrsm; umuG,f&efESifh u|Eyfk w f @dk . qk;H jzwfcsurf sm; jynfph v Hk map&ef/ u|Eyfk w f @dk csi;f trsK;d om;rsm;onf (&uf/ v/ ESp)f wGif TzG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'Y u|Eyfk w f @dk . toufudk tyfESif;I TtajccHOya'tm; u|Ekfyfwkd@wkdif;jynf. tjrifhjrwfqkH;aom Oya'tjzpf jyXmef;vku d o f nf?

csif;vJef;zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'“rl-urf;”

TERRITORY OF CHINLAND

csi;f vJe;f .ykid ef ufe,fajr 1. The territory of Chinland shall center on the region known as the Chin Special Division and the Chin State, with the exact boundaries of Chinland to be determined in the future.

1? csif;vJef;. ykdifeufe,fajrqkdonfrSm ,cifu csif;0daoowkdif; ESifh csi;f jynfe,f[k od&&dS aom e,fajrrsm;ukd A[kjd yKonfh e,fajrrsm;yg0ifap v#uf wdusaom e,ferdwrf sm;ukd tem*wfwiG f ndE‡ id_ ;f qk;H jzwf&rnf? PRESIDING IDEALS

csi;f jynfow l @dk .qEN 2. This section proclaims the presiding ideals of the Chinland Constitution. This section is intended as a guide to all citizens and officers of Chinland, particularly legislators and other policymakers, as they strive to make the norms of this Constitution a reality. Judges should not directly enforce these provisions as part of their judicial review power, but they may consult these ideals as interpretive guides to the parts of this Constitution that are judicially reviewable.

2? TOya'yk'rf rsm;onf csi;f vJe;f zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'tay: Y xm;&Sad om csi;f jynfow l @dk . qENoabmxm;ukd az:!$e;f onf? TOya' yk'frrsm;onf csif;jynfoljynfom;rsm;ESifh wm0ef&SdtkyfcsKyfolrsm; twGuf vrf;!$ejf zpf+y;D txl;ojzifOh ya'jyKtzJ@G 0ifrsm;ESihf ay:vpDa&;qJG olw@dk u TtajccHOya'rsm;tm; vufawG@usio hf ;Hk aomtcg vrf;!Gef vufpt GJ jzpf tok;H jyK&rnf? w&m;ol}u;D rsm;onf Oya't&csrw S x f m; onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&ef w&m;&k;H . vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mjzifh TOya'yk'rf rsm;ukd rok;H oyf&// ok@d aomf Oya't& csrw S x f m;onfh 33

csif;trsdK;om;rsm;pk&yf

qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&efw&m;&k;H . vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mudk tok;H cs+yD; Oya'teufrsm; zGiq hf adk omtcg TOya'yk'rf rsm;ukd csi;f jynfol wk@d . qENoabmxm;pHrsm;tjzpf tok;H jyK&rnf? 3. The blessings of a free government can be maintained only by a firm adherence to justice, moderation, temperance, and virtue, and by frequent recurrence to fundamental principles.

3? vGwv f yfaom tpk;d &. okccsr;f omjcif;rsm;onf w&m;r#wr_/ oifw h ifh r#wr_/ tv,ftvwfjzpfr_ESifh jrifhjrwfaom *k%ft*F grsm;tay: razmufrjyef +rJ+rJapmifhxdef;jcif;jzifh wnfwHhapEkdifaoma=umifh tajccHusaom zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya' oabmw&m;rsm;ukd r=umr=um jyefvnfjyKjyif&rnf? 4. The Chinland Constitution rests on five fundamental principles: individual rights, limited government, individual duties, the obligation of government, and Chin self-determination.

4? csif;vJef; zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'yk'frrsm;onf tajccHoabm w&m;}u;D ig;ckjzpfonfh woD;yk*v ~ vGwv f yfr/_ tpk;d &tm%m uef@owf xm;r_/ woD;yk*v ~ wk@d . wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;aus¹yeG rf /_ tpk;d &wk@d . wm0ef 0wW&m;aus¹yeG rf E_ iS hf csi;f vlrsK;d rsm;. uk, d =hf urRmuk, d f zefw;D ykid cf iG w hf @dk wiG f tajccHonf? 5. INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS: All citizens and residents of Chinland are by nature free and independent and have certain inherent and inalienable rights; among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. The section of this Constitution on Individual Rights lists those rights that shall be enforced by judges within their judicial review power.

5? woD;yk*v ~ . tcGit hf a&;rsm;? csi;f vJe;f Yaexkid o f l Ekid if o H m;jynfol tm;vk;H onf obm0t& vGwv f yf+y;D olwyg;=oZmv$r;f rk;d r_rS uif;vGwf I wcsK@d aom jiif;y,fr&onft h cGit hf a&;rsm; arG;&mygyidk q f idk =f u&m ‚if;wk@d rmS touf&iS cf iG /hf vGwv f yfciG /hf okcuk&d mS azGEidk cf iG w hf @dk jzpf=uonf? 34

csif;vJef;zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'“rl-urf;”

TzG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'yk'rf rsm;Y azmfjyxm;aom woD;yk*v ~ qkid &f m tcGit hf a&;rsm;ukd w&m;ol}u;D rsm;u Oya't&csrw S x f m;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&ef w&m;&k;H . vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mjzifh jynfvnfo;Hk oyfyidk cf iG &hf o dS nf? 6. LIMITED GOVERNMENT: To secure these rights, governments are instituted, deriving their just powers from the consent of the people. The Chinland government shall never attempt to rule the people of Chinland without their consent or in derogation of their rights.

6? uef@owfxm;aom tpkd;&tm%m? woD;yk*~v. tcGifhta&;rsm; vk+H cKH umuG,af p&ef tpk;d rsm;ukd zJ@G pnf;xm;aoma=umifh ‚if;wk@d .vkyyf idk f cGit hf m%mrsm;onf jynfo@l xrH S oufqif;onfEiS t hf nD rnfonft h csed f tcgYrqkd csif;vJef;tpkd;&onf jynfolrsm;.qENukd qef@usif+yD; (ok@d r[kw)f ‚if;wk@d .tcGit hf a&;rsm; ,k;d ,Gi;f ysujf ym;ap+yD; tkycf sKyfjcif; rjyK&? 7. INDIVIDUAL DUTIES: All citizens and residents of Chinland also have duties to each other, to create a free, just and compassionate political and social order. These include but are not limited to duties to family, society, and state. Individuals should not use their rights in derogation of their duties.

7? woD;yk*v ~ wd@k . wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;? csi;f trsK;d om;tm;vk;H ESihf csi;f vJe;f wGif aexkid =f uoljynfot l m;vk;H onf wOD;tay:wOD; vGwv f yfI w&m; r#waom Ekid if aH &;ESiv hf rl a_ &; wnfwjhH rJjrHa&;twGuf wm0ef&=dS u&m‚if; wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;rSm rdom;pk/ vlra_ &;ESihf csi;f vJe;f wk@d jzpfonf? woD; yk*~vrsm;onf ‚if;wkd@. tcGifhta&;rsm;ukdtokH;csjcif;jzifh ‚if;wkd@. wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;tm; vpf[if;,k, d iG ;f jcif; rjzpfap&? 8. THE OBLIGATION OF GOVERNMENT: The government of Chinland has positive obligations to create a free, just and compassionate social order, to protect individual rights and promote individual 35

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duties, and to provide for the general welfare of the people of Chinland.

8? tpk;d &wd@k . wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;? csi;f vJe;f tpk;d &onf vGwv f yfr#wI pmemaxmufxm;wwfaom vl@abmifwnfaqmifEidk af &;twGu w f oD; yk*v ~ rsm;. tcGit hf a&;rsm;ukd umuG,af pmifah &Smuf&ef/ woD;yk*v ~ rsm;. wm0efrsm;jrâ&#x20AC;¡iw hf ifay;&efEiS hf csi;f trsK;d om;rsm;. taxGaxGvrl _ zlvaH_ &;rsm;ukd jznfph nf;ay;&ef wm0ef0wW&m;&So d nf? 9. CHIN SELF-DETERMINATION: This Constitution establishes the right of the Chins people to rule themselves. Chins have always welcomed others to live among them, to share their culture, and to pledge themselves to the Chin future. Accordingly, Chinland shall be a home for Chins, but it should also strive for the inclusion and equal treatment of those who are not Chin. For that reason, this Constitution guarantees equal rights to all citizens and residents of Chinland, regardless of ethnicity, but it also allows the government of Chinland to protect and promote Chin culture and to control immigration to Chinland.

9? csi;f trsK;d om;rsm;. uk, d =hf urRmuk, d f zefw;D cGi?hf T zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyHk tajccHOya'onf csi;f trsK;d om;rsm;. uk, d =hf urRmuk, d zf efw;D tkycf sKyf ykdifcGifhukd umuG,fjyXmef;ay;onf? csif;trsKd;om;rsm;onf wjcm; trsKd;om;rsm;. rdrdwkd@ESifh twlwuG,SOfwGJaexkdifvdkjcif;/ rdrdwkd@. ,Ofaus;r_"avhx;Hk wrf;pOfvmrsm; a0r#usio hf ;Hk vdjk cif;/ csi;f jynftem *wftwGuf uwd*0wfjyKaqmif&u G v f jdk cif;rsm;ukd }uKd qv dk ufco H nf? xk@d a=umifh csi;f vJe;f onf csi;f vlrsK;d rsm;. blred ufoefyidk ef ufajrjzpfapum rl csi;f vJe;f Yaexkid =f uaom csi;f trsK;d om;rsm; r[kwo f rl sm;ukd wef;wl nDr#qufqH&ef oH"dXmefcsayonf? xkd@a=umifh TzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykH tajccHOya'yk'rf rsm;t& csi;f trsK;d om; r[kwaf omfvnf; csi;f jynfwiG f aexkid =f uonfh wjcm;trsK;d om;rsm;ukd wef;wltcGit hf a&;rsm; ay;xm; pOfwiG f csi;f vJe;f tpk;d &u csi;f trsK;d om; ,Ofaus;r_rsm; umuG,af pmifh a&Smufw;dk wufz@GH +zdK;ap&ef csi;f vJe;f twGi;f vl0ifru _ dk uef@owfxm; &onf? 36

csif;vJef;zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'“rl-urf;”

INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS

woD;yk*v ~ tcGit hf a&;rsm; 10. The courts of Chinland shall have the power of judi cial review to enforce the provisions of this section; the courts of Chinland shall therefore review the actions of all departments of government and government officials for conformity to these provisions. Any decision of the High Court in the interpretation of these provisions shall be final and binding on the parties to that decision and on all of the people of Chinland, including departments of the government and government officials.

10? csi;f vJe;f w&m;&k;H rsm;onf TzG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'yk'rf rsm;tm; Oya't&csrw S x f m;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&ef w&m;&k;H . vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mjzifh jynfvnfo;Hk oyfyidk cf iG &hf o dS nf? csi;f vJe;f w&m;&k;H rsm;onf tpk;d &Xmersm;ESihf 0efxrf;rsm;. vkyaf qmifrr_ sm;tay: T zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'yk'rf rsm; t&csrw S x f m;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuf ukd jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&ef w&m;&k;H . vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mjzifh jynfvnfo;Hk oyf ykid cf iG &hf o dS nf? TzG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'yk'rf rsm; tay: csi;f vJe;f w&m;&H;k rsm;. Oya't&csrw S x f m;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnfo;Hk oyf &ef w&m;&k;H . vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mjzifh jyefvnfo;Hk oyf t"dyg` ,zf iG q hf dk csurf sm;onf aemufq;Hk jzpf+yD; oufqidk af om tzJ@G tpnf;/ csi;f jynfol tm;vkH;/ tpkd;&Xmersm;ESifh jynfol@0efxrf;rsm;tay: Oya'uJhodk@ tm%moufa&mufonf? 11. Slavery shall not exist in the territory of Chinland.

11? csi;f vJe;f Y aus;u|ejf yKjcif; r&Sad p&? 12. Involuntary servitude shall not exist in the territory of Chinland except as punishment of a crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.

12? w&m;Oya't& tjypf'%fay;jcif;ukdcH&ojzifh tvkyf'g%fukdxrf; 37

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aqmifcidk ;f jcif;rSwyg; tvkq d ENrygbJ Ekid x f ufp;D eif; apcdik ;f jcif; csi;f vJe;f Y r&Sad p&? 13. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or prop erty, without due process of law, nor be denied equal protection of the laws.

13? w&m;Oya't&r[kwv f #if rnforl # rdr. d touf/ vGwv f yfr/_ OpPm"e/ qkH;&_H;r_ r&Sdap&onfhtjyif Oya'. wef;wlumuG,fr_rS jiif;qkdjcif; r&Sad p&// 14. Every person shall have rights of political expression and organization. These rights include but are not limited to the right to speak, write, and publish, the right to form political parties, the right peaceably to assemble and consult, the right to petition the government, and the right to vote as detailed in the section of this Constitution on suffrage. These rights specifically include the right, without reprisal, to dissent publicly from government policies, to criticize government officials, to organize to change government policy, and to agitate for constitutional change, except that the government may control speech designed to incite racial, religious, or ethnic violence or the imminent overthrow of the government.

14? vlwkdif;onf EkdifiHa&;xkwfazmfcGifhESifh zJG@pnf;cGifh&Sd&m atmufygtcGifh ta&;rsm;wGif uef@owfrr_ &Sad p&? vGwv f yfpmG ajymqkcd iG /hf a&;om;cGi/hf ykEH ydS cf iG /hf tzJ@G toif;rsm; zJ@G pnf;ykid cf iG /hf +idr;f csr;f pGmpka0;Ekid cf iG Ehf iS hf wkid yf if ESD;aESmfcGifh/ tpkd;&xHokd@ av#mufvJcGifhESifh rJay;jcif;qkdif&myk'frrsm;Y jyXmef;xm;onft h wkid ;f rJay;ykid cf iG rhf sm;tygt0if &Si;f vif;pGmjyXmef; xm;aom tcGit hf a&;rsm;rSm vufwek @f jyef uvJph m;acsjcif;r[kwb f J trsm;jynfoltod tpkd;&ay:vpDrsm;tm; uef@owfykdifcGifh/ jynfol@ 0efxrf;rsm;tm; a0zefyidk cf iG /hf tpk;d &ay:vpDrsm;ajymif;vJ&ef pnf;&k;H ykid cf iG hf ESihf zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya' jyKjyifajymif;vJ&ef v_@H aqmfyidk cf iG w hf @dk jzpf onf? ok@d aomf vlrsK;d a&;ta&;tcif;/ bmoma&;yÃ&#x2030;dyuQ (ok@d r[kw)f 38

csif;vJef;zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'“rl-urf;”

trsK;d om;ta&;tcif; jzpfymG ;vmap&ef &nf&, G af jymqkjd cif;rsm;ukrd l tpk;d &u }uD;=uyfuidk w f , G &f ayvdrrhf nf? 15. Every person shall have the right freely to speak, write, and publish on all subjects, political and non-political alike.

15? vlwidk ;f onf rnfonfu h pd YP rqkd Ekid if aH &;ESiq hf idk o f nf rqkid o f nfjzpfap vGwv f yfpmG ajymqk/d a&;om;/ ykEH ydS x f w k af 0 ykid cf iG hf &S=d uonf? 16. In all trials for libel, both civil and criminal, the truth shall be a sufficient defense.

16? toa&zsurf E_ iS hf w&m;r r_/ &mZ0wfrE_ iS q hf idk af om w&m;pJq G rdk t _ m;vk;H Y trSew f &m;[lonfh vkaH vmufaom acsycsurf sm; &S&d rnf? 17. Martial law shall never be declared in Chinland except in the event of genuine foreign invasion or widespread insurrection against constitutional authority.

17? Ekid if jH cm;rS usL;ausm0f ifa&mufjcif; (ok@d r[kw)f zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccH Oya' tcGit hf m%mrsm;ukd qk;d 0g;pGm qef@usiaf wmfveS jf cif;wk@d rw S yg; csi;f vJe;f wGif ppfOya'vk;H 0 rjyXmef;&? 18. No standing army shall be kept up without the consent of the legislature, and the military shall, in all cases, and at all times, be in strict subornation to the civil power.

18? csif;vJef@ Oya'jyKv$wfawmf. cGifhjyKcsufr&SdbJ t+rJwef;ppfwyfrsm; rxm;&Sd&? rnfonfhtaetxm;/ tajctaeYrqkd ppfwyfonf t&yfom;tm%matmufwiG f &S&d rnf? 19. Every person shall have an individual right to keep and bear personal arms for self-defense, hunting, recreation or any other lawful purpose. This right shall be subject to reasonable regulation, and it shall not extend to military-style arms or to the possession of ar ms for the purpose of insurrection against constitutional authority. 39

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19? vlwkdif;onf rdrdukd,fukdrdrdumuG,f&ef/ trJvkduf&ef/ tyef;ajz&ef (ok@d r[kw)f w&m;Oya'u cGijhf yKaom udprP sm; aqmif&u G &f efw@dk twGuf vufeufukdifaqmif ykdifqkdifcGifh&Sdonf? odkaomf TtcGifhta&;ukd ta=umif;w&m;ckdifvkHr_ay: rlwnfI csif;vJef;Oya'jyKtzJG@ujyKjyif ajymif;vJEikd o f nf? ppfvufeufEiS q hf idk af om vufeufrsm; ykid q f idk jf cif; rjzpfap&? ok@d r[kwf Oya'tm%mukd qef@usi&f ef ykid q f idk jf cif; rjzpfap&? 20. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall ever be passed.

20? jypfrr_ sm;usL;vGe+f yD;aemuf jypf'%fay;&ef Oya'jyXmef;jcif;vk;H 0 rjyK&? 21. No law or government action shall provide for the impairment of the government's pre-existing contractual obligations.

21? tpk;d &.wnf&+dS yD; yร dnmOfEiS q hf idk af om wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;ukd tm;enf; aprnfh Oya'jyKjcif; ok@d r[kwf tpk;d &uvkyaf qmifjcif; rjyK&? 22. The government of Chinland shall never take private property except for a bona-fide public use and with payment of just compensation.

22? trSew f u,fjynfo@l twGuf tok;H cs&ef xku d w f efaom wefz;dk ESiahf v#mf a=u;ay;jcif;rSwyg; csif;vJef;tpkd;&onf woD;yk*~vykdifqkdifr_rsm;ukd odr;f ,ljcif; rjyK&? 23. No person shall ever be imprisoned for debt.

23? rnforl qkd taยบuG;a=umifh axmif'%fuscjH cif; r&Sad p&? 24. All lands within the Chinland are declared to be alldial, and feudal tenures are prohibited. Leases and grants of agricultural land for a longer term than fifteen years in which rent or service of any kind shall be reserved.

24? csi;f vJe;f &Sd ajrtm;vk;H onf vGwv f yfaom ajrrsm;jzpf+y;D ajrykid &f iS pf epfudk wm;jrpfxm;onf? q,fih g;ESpx f uf yk=d umrnfh pku d yf sK;d a&;ESiq hf idk af om ajrrsm; Xm;&rf;jcif;/ cGifhjyKjcif;/ okH;pJGjcif;/ okd@r[kwf trsKd;rsKd;aom vkyaf qmifjcif;rsm;ukd vsmxm;&rnf? 40

csif;vJef;zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'“rl-urf;”

25. The right of every person to worship according to the dictates of conscience shall never be infringed; nor shall any person be compelled to attend, erect or support any place of worship, or to maintain any ministry; nor shall any control of, or interference with, the rights of conscience be permitted, or any preference be given by law to any religious establishments or modes of worships; nor shall any money be drawn from the treasury for the benefit of religious societies, or religious or theological seminaries.

25? vlwidk ;f onf‚if;wk@d todw&m;. vrf;!$ecf sut f wkid ;f vGwv f yfpmG 0wfjyK uk;d uG,yf idk cf iG u hf dk vk;H 0rcsK;d azmuf& onft h jyif wOD;wa,muftm; twif;t"rR0wfjyKuk;d uG,af pjcif;/ 0wfjyKpnf;a0;apjcif;/ wnfaqmuf apjcif;/ tm;ay;apjcif; okd@r[kwf omoemtm;xdef;odrf;apjcif; rjyKap&? 26. No religious test shall be ever be required as a qualification for any office of public trust under the state, and no person shall be rendered incompetent to give evidence in any court of law or equity in consequence of his opinions on the subject of religion.

26? csi;f vJe;f twGi;f &Sd jynfo@l 0efxrf;t&nftcsi;f jynfrh aDS =umif;ukd bmom a&;tm;tajccH+yD; prf;oyfjcif;rjyK&? rnforl qdk ‚if;.bmoma&;ud;k uG,f,Hk=unfr_rsm;a=umifh w&m;&Hk;rsm;Y oufaoxGufqdkEdkifcGifhudk rwm;jrpf&// 27. Every person is entitled to a certain legal remedy for all legal injuries or wrongs which he or she may receive in his or her person, property, or character; he or she has a right to obtain justice freely, without being obliged to purchase it, and he or she ought to obtain it completely and without denial, promptly and without delay. 41

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27? vlwidk ;f onf Oya't& xku d o f ifah omjyKjyifoufomapa=umif;ukd rdrd uk, d w f ikd jf zpfap/ ypPn;f OpPmtm;jzifjh zpfap/ *k%t f *F gtm;jzifjh zpfap Oya' . umuG,rf u _ dk tca=u;aiGrhJ vGyv f yfpmG ESihf tcsed w f u d spmG jiif;y,fjcif; r&Sd &&Sad p&rnf// 28. Every citizen or resident of the Chinland shall have the right to sue the government of Chinland, the Township governments, and their delegatees, conformably to the laws, for all legal injuries or wrongs which he or she may receive in her person, property, or character. This Constitution of Chinland waives any claim of sovereign immunity that the government of Chinland, the Township governments, or their delegatees might interpose against suits by its citizens or residents. The Chinland Legislative Assembly may provide by law in what manner and in what courts such suits may be brought.

28? csif;trsKd;om;wkdif;ESifh csif;vJef;Y w&m;0ifaexkdif=uolrsm;onf csif;vJef;tpkd;&/ +rdK@e,ftpkd;&/ ‚if;wkd@.ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;ukd Oya' abmiftwGi;f Y ‚if;wk@d . Oya't& vly*k K~ v d /f OpP"e/ ok@d r[kwf tusihf pm&dwt W ay: epfemr_rsm;twGuf w&m;pJq G ydk idk cf iG &hf o dS nf? TtajccH Oya'u csi;f vJe;f tpk;d &/ +rdK@e,ftpk;d &rsm; ok@d r[kwf ‚if;wk@d . uk, d pf m; vS,rf sm;u tcsKyftcsmtm%mukd ta=umif;jyKI csi;f jynforl sm;ESihf w&m;0ifaexkid o f w l @dk . w&m;pJq G cdk iG t hf m; [ef@wm;jcif;ukd wm;jrpfonf? 29. Treason against Chinland shall consist only in levying war against it, adhering to its enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witness to the same overt act, or on confession in open court.

29? csi;f vJe;f tm; ykeu f efjcif;tr_wiG f csi;f vJe;f tm; ppfa=unmjcif;/ csi;f vJe;f . &eforl sm;tm;axmufcjH cif;ESihf ‚if;wk@d tm;ulnjD cif;/ ESpo f rd jhf cif;wk@d omv#if csi;f vJe;f tm; ykeu f efjcif;tr_rnfonf? rnforl qkd rsujf rif oufaoESpOf ;D u rv#K@d r0Suaf om jyKrlr_ ok@d r[kwf trsm;jynfoo l &d EdS idk f 42

csif;vJef;zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'“rl-urf;”

aom w&m;&k;H Y 0efcjH cif;jzifo h m csi;f vJe;f tm; ykeu f efjcif;udk jypf'%f csrw S &f rnf? 30. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor shall excesive fines be imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

30? tvGeftusL;wefzkd;jzifh tmrcHapjcif;/ '%faiGay;aqmifapjcif;ESifh =urf;wrf;+yD; omrefr[kwaf om jypf'%fay; emusiaf pjcif; r&Sad p&? 31. The people shall be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and possessions from all warrantless searches and from all unreasonable searches. No warrant to search any place or seize any person or thing shall issue without a special designation of the place to be searched and the person or thing to be seized. No warrant shall issue without probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation.

31? 0&rf;rygaom &SmazGjcif;ESifh usKd;a=umif;nD!Gwfr_r&Sdaom &SmazGr_rS jynfot l m;vk;H onf ‚if;wk@d . yk*K~ v d rf sm;/ tdrrf sm;/ pm&Gupf mwrf;rsm;ESihf ykid q f idk rf r_ sm;tm;vk;H tay: vk+H cHKr_&adS p&rnf? wdusaomae&m/ vly*k K~ v d f ok@d r[kwf t&m0wWKukd &SmazGzrf;qD;&ef[k raocsmyJ 0&rf;rxkw&f ? ta=umif;&if;ckdifvkHa=umif; usrf;usdefxGufqkdjcif;r&Sdv#if rnfonfh 0&rf;rS rxkw&f ? 32. The right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate, and shall extend to all cases as the Chinland Legislative Assembly may prescribe from time to time.

32? ckHorm"dvl}uD;rsm;jzifh tr_pD&ifjcif;ukd wm;jrpf&kwfodrf;jcif; rjyK&// rnfonft h r_Yrqdk cHo k rm"dv}l u;D rsm;jzifh tr_p&D ifEikd &f ef csi;f vJe;f Oya' jyKtzJ@G onf vdt k yfv#iv f t kd yfovdk tufOya' jyKjyXmef;&rnf? 33. In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right: i. To be heard by himself or herself and counsel; ii. To demand the nature and cause of the accusation against him and have a copy thereof; 43

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iii. To meet the witnesses against him or her face to face; iv. To have compulsory process to compel the attendance of witnesses in his or her behalf; v. To a speed, public, and impartial trial; vi. To trial by an impartial jury of the local administration units wherein the offense shall have been committed; which administrative unit shall have been previously ascertained by law, except in cases of martial law or impeachment. vii. The accused shall not be compelled to furnish or give evidence against himself or herself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, property or privileges, but by judgment of that person's peers or the law of the Chinland.

33? &mZ0wfru _ sL;vGeo f l w&m;pJq G &kd mwGif pGypf cGJ &H olrsm;onf atmufyg tcGit hf a&;rsm;ukd cHpm;ykid cf iG &hf o dS nf? (u) rdru d , dk w f idk f (ok@d r[kw)f tusKd ;aqmifa&S@aeESit hf r_udk &ifqidk jf cif;? (c) rdrt d m; pGypf &GJ onft h a=umif;&if;ukd awmif;qkyd idk cf iG Ehf iS rhf w d LW ukd &&SdykdifcGifh&Sdjcif;? (*) rdru d dk qef@usix f u G q f akd om w&m;rsujf rifrsm;ukd rsuEf mS csi;f qkid f awG@EkdifcGifh&Sdjcif;? (C) ‚if;. uk, d pf m;jyKrsujf rifoufaorsm;tm; rvkyrf ae& vkyef nf; tpOfjzifh w&m;&k;H wufxu G q f adk pjcif;? (i) jrefqefI trsm;jynfoyl g0ifaom bufrvku d o f nfh w&m;pD&ifr_ cHpm;&&SEd ikd jf cif;? (p) bufrvku d af om a'oE &W tkycf sKyfa&;,lepf cko H rm"dv}l u;D rsm;jzifh tr_usL;vGe&f ma'oY tr_p&D if&ef/ ‚if;a'oE &W tkycf sKyfa&;,lepf onf Oya't& ,cifu tjzpftysufrSefrrSef aocsmatmif/ tu,fI ppfOya' (ok@d r[kw)f &mxl;rS z,f&mS ;jcif;tr_ rjzpfjcif;? (q) pGyfpGJcH&olonf t=uyfukdifcH&jcif;a=umifh rdrdukd rdrdqef@usifI oufaoxGuq f jdk cif;rjyK&/ ‚if;. touf/ vGyv f yfciG Ehf iS hf tcGihf ta&;rsm;ukd ‚if;. tusK;d aqmifrsm; ok@d r[kwf csi;f vJe;f . Oya' t& r[kwv f #iq f ;Hk &_;H jcif; r&Sad p&? 44

csif;vJef;zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'“rl-urf;”

34. No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due process of law, and no person for the same offense shall be put twice in jeopardy of punishment, nor may any person be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself or herself.

34? &mZ0wfru _ sK;vGeo f l rnforl qkOd ya'umuG,rf _ pnf;abmifausmI f ppfaq;ajz=um;apjcif;/ jypfrw _ cka=umifh jypf'g%f ESp=f udru f scaH pjcif;/ t=uyfuidk jf cif;jzifh rdru d dk rdrq d ef@usiI f oufaoxGuq f jdk cif;rjyKap&? INDIVIDUAL DUTIES

woD;yk*v ~ wm0efrsm; 35. The Legislative Assembly of Chinland shall have the power and responsibility to execute this section in appropriate ways. This section shall not be judicially reviewable by the courts of Chinland, but this section may provide interpretive guidance for the provisions of this constitution that are judicially reviewable.

35? csi;f vJe;f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfonf Tyk'rf rsm;ukd oifah wmfovkd Oya't& twnfjzpfap&ef tm%mESi0hf wW&m; &So d nf? TzG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccH Oya'yk'rf rsm;ukd Oya't& w&m;&k;H rsm;u jyefvnfo;Hk oyfjcif;rjyK&? ok@d aomf Oya't& w&m;&k;H rsm;ukd jyefvnfo;Hk oyfEidk af om yk'rf rsm;ukd ok;H oyfaomtcg Tyk'rf rsm;ukd bmomjyef vrf;!$et f jzpf tok;H jyK Ekid o f nf? 36. Every citizen or resident of Chinland shall have duties towards his or her family, the society of Chinland, and the state of Chinland.

36? csi;f vJe;f jynforl sm;ESihf aexkid o f rl sm;onf TzG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccH Oya't& rdrdwkd@.rdom;pk/ csif;vlr_tzJG@tpnf;ESifh csif;jynftay: wm0ef&=dS uonf? 45

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37. The rights and freedoms of each individual shall be exercised with due regard to the rights of others, collective security, common interests and common benefits.

37? rdrd.tajccHvGwfvyfcGifhrsm;udk wjcm;olrsm;. tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh vGwv f yfciG rhf sm;/ trsm;jynfov l +Hk cHKa&;/ qENEiS hf tusK;d pD;yGm;ukd qef@ usi+f yD; tok;H rjyK&? 38. Every citizen or resident of Chinland national shall have the duty to respect and consider his or her fellow citizens and residents of Chinland without discrimination, and to maintain relations aimed at promoting, safeguarding and reinforcing mutual respect and tolerance.

38? csi;f vJe;f jynforl sm;ESihf csi;f vJe;f wGif aexkid =f uolrsm;onf â&#x20AC;&#x161;if;wk@d . jynforl sm;ESihf w&m;0ifaexkid =f uolrsm;udk av;av;pm;pm; qufq&H ef ESifh tjyeftvSefav;pm;qufqHjcif;/ oD;cHcGifhv$wfjcif;pdwf"gwfrsm; wk;d wuf/ vk+H cHKxGe;f um;a&; wm0ef&=dS uonf? 39. Every citizen or resident of Chinland shall have the duty: i. To preserve and respect the value of family and parents, and to maintain them in case of need; ii. To serve his or her community by placing his or her physical, moral, and intellectual capacities at its services; iii. To preserve and strengthen social and national solidarity, particularly when the latter is threatened; iv. To preserve and strengthen the Chin national selfdetermination right and the territorial integrity of his or her country, and to contribute to its defense in accordance with this Constitution and the law; v. To work with the best of his or her abilities and competence, and to pay taxes imposed by law in the interest of the society; 46

csif;vJef;zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'“rl-urf;”

vi. To preserve and strengthen positive Chin cultural values in his or her relations with other members of the society, in the spirit of tolerance, dialogue, and consultation and, in general, to contribute to the promotion of the moral well being of society; and vii. To contribute to the best of his or her abilities, at all times and at all levels, to the promotion and achievement of the unity of Chinland.

39? csi;f jynforl sm;ESichf si;f vJe;f Y aexkid =f uolrsm;onf (u) rdom;pkwefz;kd udak v;pm;&efEiS rhf b d rsm;ukd vkt d yfaomtcsed Yf jyKpk umuG,af pmifah &Smuf&ef? (c) rdr. d um,/ Om%ESihf todynmpGr;f tm;rsm;ukd rdr. d ywf0ef;usif aumif;rGeaf &;twGuf tok;H cs&ef? (*) trsK;d om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ESihf vlra_ &;xdyg;Edik o f nfh tajctae wGif tpGr;f ukeu f muG,&f ef? (C) csi;f trsK;d om; uk, d =hf urRmuk, d zf efw;D cGiu hf dk umuG,af pmifah &Smuf &ef/ rdrw d @dk ykid ef ufe,fajrrsm; xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smuf&efEiS hf zG@J pnf; tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'Y jyXmef;xm;aom Oya'rsm;twdkif; csi;f vJe;f uku d muG,af pmifah &Smuf&ef? (i) vl@abmifavmu tusK;d pD;yGm;xGe;f um;a&;twGuf rdr. d tqk;H pGe;f aom pGr;f tm;rsm;jzifh vkyaf qmif&efEiS hf Oya'ujyXmef;onft h wkid ;f tcGerf sm; ay;aqmif&ef? (p) csi;f trsK;d om;,Ofaus;r_rsm;ukd umuG,t f m;ay;&if; wjcm;trsK;d om;rsm;ESihf qufqaH omtcg onf;cHEidk jf cif;pdw"f gw/f tjyeftvSef a0zefaqG;aEG;wke@f jyefzvS,jf cif;pdw"f gwrf sm; xm;&S&d ef/ t=urf; tm;jzifq h adk omf vlom;tm;vk;H . pdw"f gww f efz;dk jrifrh m;vma&; vkyaf qmif&ef? (q) csif;trsKd;om;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwfa&;twGuf rdrd.t&nftcsif;/ tpGr;f tp tm;vk;H ukd tok;H cs&ef?

csif;trsdK;om;rsm;pk&yf

CHIN CITIZENSHIP AND ETHNICITY

csi;f Ekid if o H m;jzpfrE_ iS hf trsK;d om;a&; 40. The courts shall have the power of judicial review to enforce the provisions of this section; the courts of Chinland shall therefore review the actions of all departments of government and government officials for conformity to these provisions. Any decision of the High Court in the interpretation of these provisions shall be final and binding on the parties to that decision and on all of the people of Chinland, including departments of the government and government officials.

40? csi;f vJe;f . w&m;&k;H rsm;onf TzG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'yk'rf rsm; tay: Oya't&csrw S x f m;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&ef w&m;&k;H . vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mjzifh jynfvnfo;Hk oyfyidk cf iG &hf o dS nf? csi;f vJe;f . w&m;&k;H rsm;onf tpk;d &Xmersm;ESihf 0efxrf;rsm;. vkyaf qmifrr_ sm; tay: Oya't&csrw S x f m;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&ef w&m;&k;H . vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mjzifh jynfvnfo;Hk oyfyidk cf iG &hf o dS nf? T zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'yk'frrsm; tay: csif;vJef;w&m;&Hk;rsm;. Oya't&csrw S x f m;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&ef w&m;&k;H . vkyfykdifcGifhtm%mjzifh jyefvnfokH;oyf t"dy`g,fzGifhqkdcsufrsm;onf aemufq;Hk jzpf+y;D oufqidk af om tzJ@G tpnf;/ csi;f jynfot l m;vk;H / tpk;d & Xmersm; ESihf jynfo@l 0efxrf;rsm;tay: Oya'uJo h @kd tm%mouf a&muf onf? 41. An ethnic Chin shall be defined as any person born in Chinland or overseas, at least one of whose parents belonged to any of the Chin tribes. The Chinland legislative assembly shall have the power to create procedures and evidentiary standards to implement this provision.

41? csi;f vlrsK;d qko d nfrmS csi;f vJe;f Y arG;zGm;ol (ok@d r[kw)f Ekid if &H yfjcm;Y 48

csif;vJef;zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'“rl-urf;”

arG;zGm;apumrl rdbESpyf g;teuf wyg;onf csi;f tEG,pf 0k ifjzpf&rnf? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf T zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'yk'rf rsm;ESihf oufqidk af om pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;/ oufaotaxmuftxm;qkid &f m Oya'jyKcGihf tm%m&So d nf? 42. Every ethnic Chin shall have the right to become a citizen of Chinland, subject to reasonable regulation by the Chinland legislative assembly. Other persons may become citizens according to the laws of immigration and naturalization prescribed by the Chin Legislative Assembly.

42? csi;f tEG,pf 0k iftm;vk;H onf csi;f Ekid if o H m;jzpfEidk cf iG u hf dk csi;f vJe;f Oya' jyKtzJ@G rS vufczH , G Ef idk &f dS Oya'rsm;jzifh jyXmef;Ekid o f nf? tjcm;vlrsm;onf vnf; vl0ifr}_ uD;=uyfa&;qkid &f m csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G u jyXmef;xm; onfOh ya'ESit hf nD “csi;f ” Ekid if o H m;jzpfEidk o f nf? 43. In making law on the subject of immigration and naturalization, the Chinland legislative assembly may distinguish between ethnic Chins and others.

43? vl0ifr}_ uD;=uyfxrd ;f odr;f a&;ESiq hf idk af om Oya'rsm;ukd csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyK tzJG@u jyXmef;aomtcg csif;trsKd;om;rsm;ESifh csif;r[kwfolrsm;ukd cJjG cm;&vdrrhf nf? 44. The Chinland legislative assembly may adopt measures to protect and promote Chin culture, even though such measures may in practice result in different effects on ethnic Chins and others.

44? csi;f trsK;d om;,Ofaus;r_udk jr‡iw hf ifumuG,rf nfh ta&;,laqmif&u G f r_rsm; jyXmef;usio hf ;Hk jcif;a=umifh csi;f trsK;d om;rsm;ESihf wjcm;trsK;d om; rsm;t=um; uJjG ym;aomtusK;d qufrsm; &Sad pumrl csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf csi;f trsK;d om;,Ofaus;r_udk jr‡iw hf ifumuG,rf nfh ta&;,laqmif &Gurf r_ sm; jyXmef;&vdrrhf nf// 45. Although the legislature may distinguish between Chin culture and other cultures, distinctions between eth49

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nic Chin people and other people should generally be disfavored.

45? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf csi;f trsK;d om;rsm;ESihf wjcm;trsK;d om;rsm;. ,Ofaus;r_ukd cGjJ cm;&apumrl/ csi;f trsK;d om;rsm;ESihf wjcm;trsK;d om;rsm; tm; cGjJ cm;r_ut dk rsm;tm;jzifh qef@usi&f rnf// 46. The Chinland government may otherwise distinguish between ethnic Chins and others only when such distinction is reasonably necessary for i. Long-term harmony between ethnic Chins and others; ii. The protection and promotion of Chin culture; iii. The remediation of past injustice against one or more ethnic groups; iv. Long-term realization of the ideals of equal treatment of all individuals regardless of ethnicity.

46? tusK;d ta=umif;ckid v f Hk vkt d yfv#if csi;f vJe;f tpk;d &onf atmufygupd &P yf rsm;wGif csif;trsKd;om;rsm;ESifh csif;trsKd;om;r[kwfolrsm;t=um; cJjG cm;r_jyK&vdrrhf nf? (u) csi;f trsK;d om;rsm;ESiw hf jcm;trsK;d om;rsm;t=um; a&&Snt f usK;d pD;yGm;tqifajyr_? (c) csi;f trsK;d om;rsm;. ,Ofaus;r_jrâ&#x20AC;¡iw hf ifa&;? (*) ,cifumvrsm;u rw&m;ojzifh vlrsK;d wrsK;d ok@d r[kwf vlrsK;d rsm; tay: qufqrH r_ sm; jynfvnfupk m;a&;? (C) vlom;wkdif;wef;wlnDr#a&&SnfwGif qufqHEkdifa&; pHxm;rsm; em;vnfEidk af &;/ 47. The Chinland government shall never distinguish between ethnic Chins and others in the protection of the individual rights specified in this Constitution under the sections entitled Individual Rights and Suffrage, nor shall it distinguish between ethnic Chins and others in the right to hold any public office.

47? csi;f vJe;f tpk;d &onf csi;f trsK;d om;rsm;ESiw hf jcm;trsK;d om;rsm;t=um; 50

csif;vJef;zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'“rl-urf;”

TOya'Y jyXmef;xm;onfh woD;yk*v ~ tcGit hf a&;rsm;t& rJay;ykid cf iG hf ESihf a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡muf yg0ifyidk cf iG rhf sm;wGif cJjG cm;r_rjyK&? 48. The Chinland legislative assembly may reserve to citizens of Chinland the right to vote or hold responsible public office, excluding non-citizen residents therefrom but always treating alike those citizens who are ethnic Chins and those who are not ethic Chins. The Chinland legislative assembly may also distinguish between citizens of Chinland and noncitizen residents when reasonably necessary for the execution of its powers over immigration and naturalization. The legislature may not otherwise distinguish between citizens of Chinland and noncitizen legal residents.

48? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf wjcm;trsK;d om;rsm;tm; wef;wlqufqH apumrl rJay;ykdifcGifh/ ta&G;aumufcHydkifcGifhwdk@ukd csif;trsKd;om;rsm; twGuf &mxm;ay;&rnf// csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf csi;f trsK;d om;rsm; ESihf wjcm;trsK;d om;rsm;t=um; vl0ifrE_ iS Ehf idk if o H m;jzpfr_ qdik &f mvkyyf idk f cGihf rsm;usio hf ;Hk &mwGif cJjG cm;r_rsm; jyK&vdrrf nf// od@k aomf csi;f vJe;f Oya' jyKtzJ@G onf csi;f trsK;d om;rsm; ESihf csi;f vJe;f twGi;f w&m;0ifaexdik o f l rsm;udk cJjG cm;jcif;rjyK&// SUFFRAGE

a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufjcif; 49. The courts of Chinland shall have the power of judicial review to enforce the provisions of this section; the courts of Chinland shall therefore review the actions of all departments of government and government officials for conformity to these provisions. Any decision of the High Court in the interpretation of these provisions shall be final and binding on the parties to that decision and on all of the people of 51

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Chinland, including departments of the government and government officials.

49? csi;f vJe;f . w&m;&k;H rsm;onf TzG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'yk'rf rsm; tay: Oya't&csrw S x f m;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&ef w&m;&k;H . vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mjzifh jynfvnfo;Hk oyfyidk cf iG hf &So d nf? csi;f vJe;f . w&m;&k;H rsm;onf tpk;d &Xmersm;ESihf 0efxrf;rsm;. vkyaf qmifrr_ sm; tay: Oya't&csrw S x f m;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&ef w&m;&k;H . vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mjzifh jynfvnfo;Hk oyfyidk cf iG &hf o dS nf? T zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'yk'frrsm;tay: csif;vJef;w&m;&Hk;rsm;. Oya't&csrw S x f m;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&ef w&m;&k;H . vkyfykdifcGifhtm%mjzifh jyefvnfokH;oyf t"dy`g,fzGifhqkdcsufrsm;onf aemufq;Hk jzpf+yD; oufqidk af om tzJ@G tpnf;/ “csi;f ” jynfot l m;vk;H / tpk;d &Xmersm;ESihf jynfo@l 0efxrf;rsm;tay: Oya' uJo h @kd tm%mouf a&mufonf? 50. Every citizen of Chinland who has attained the age of eighteen years and who has established his or her residence in the territory of Chinland, except as otherwise provided in this section, shall be an elector of Governors, Senators, members of the House of Representatives, and members of the Township Council, in the city, town, village, block, or plantation where his or her residence has been established.

50? touf 18ESpjf ynfh csi;f vJe;f Y w&m;0ifaexkid af om csi;f trsK;d om;rsm; onf TzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'yk'frrsm;ESifh +idpGef;r_r&Sdv#if csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;/ txufvw $ af wmftrwf/ atmufvw $ af wmf trwfrsm;/ +rdK@e,faumifpD0ifrsm;/ +rdK@/ &Gm/ &yfuGuf/ rdrdaexkdif&m okd@r[kwf pkdufuGif;e,fajrrsm;. ukd,fpm;vS,frsm; a&G;cs,folrsm; jzpf&rnf? 51. Every citizen of Chinland who has once established his right to vote by virtue of his residency within Chinland and who then relocates to another country, whether within or outside of the Federal Union of 52

csif;vJef;zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'“rl-urf;”

Burma, shall retain the right to vote by absentee ballot, so long as he or she remains a citizen of Chinland. [only national elections or township elections as well?] In such cases, for voting purposes, the voter's place of residence shall be considered to be his or her last established place of residence within Chinland.

51? ‚if;. w&m;0ifaexdkifjcif;jzifh csif;vJef;Y rJay;cGifh&&Sdxm;jyD;aom csi;f trsK;d om; rnforl qdk zuf'&,f jynfaxmifpt k wGi;f (od@k r[kw)f jyifyod@k ajymif;a&$@apumrl Ekid if o H m;jzpfjcif;rS rpGe@f vw $ v f #if ta0; a&muf rJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdonf// xdkodk@aomtajcaewGif rJay;rnfh ol. csif;vJef;twGif; aemufqkH;aexdkif&ma'oonf ‚if;.rJqENe,f jzpf&rnf? 52. No citizen of Chinland shall be deemed to have lost residence by reason of the person's absence from the territory of Chinland in the military service of the Federal Union or of Chinland.

52? zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk wyfrawmfwGif tr_xrf;aqmifaoma=umifh csi;f vJe;f jyifya&mufaeaom csi;f trsK;d om;rsm;onf ‚if;wd@k . csi;f jynfY w&m;0ifaexkid cf iG hf qk;H &_;H jcif; r&Sad p&? 53. Except as otherwise provided by the Chinland Legislative Assembly, only citizens of Chinland may vote in any election for government of Chinland and its divisions. Except as otherwise provided by the Chinland Legislative Assembly, no-one who is not a citizen of Chinland may vote in any election for the government of Chinland and its divisions, including but not limited to persons in the military service of the Federal Union of Burma stationed in Chinland, or students attending an educational institution of learning in Chinland.

53? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G u Oya'jyKrjyXmef;xm;v#if csi;f trsK;d om;rsm; 53

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omv#if csi;f vJe;f tpk;d &ESihf ‚if;.XmecGrJ sm; a&G;aumuf&mwGif rJay;& rnf? csif;vJef;Oya'jyKtzJG@u Oya'jyK rjyXmef;xm;v#if csif;vJef; twwfoifausmif;rsm;Y pmoifaeaom ausmif;om;rsm;/ zuf'&,f jynfaxmifpw k yfrawmfom;rsm;rSvI JG csi;f trsK;d om;r[kwaf om olrsm; csi;f vJe;f tpk;d &ESihf ‚if;.XmecGrJ sm; a&G;aumuf&mwGif rJray;&? 54. The Chinland legislative assembly may, by law, determine the voting residence of those classes of persons who relocate on a regular basis, such as members of the military or students.

54? ykrH eS af &$@ajymif;aexkid =f uaom ausmif;om;rsm;ESiphf pfwyfrsm;. aexkid f rJay;ykid cf iG Ehf iS yhf gwo f ufI csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G u vkt d yfaom Oya' jyK&vdrrhf nf? 55. No person shall be qualified to vote who is non compos mentis, or who is under guardianship for reasons of mental illness, or who has been convicted of treason or felony under the laws of the Chinland or of the Federal Union of Burma, except that the Chinland Legislative Assembly may provide for the restoration of voting rights to those convicted of treason or felony.

55? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G u Ekid if aH wmfyek u f efrE_ iS &hf mZ0wfrr_ sm; usL;vGef xm;olrsm;. rJay;ykid cf iG u hf dk Oya't& ray;tyfv#if pdw"f gw&f ;l oGwf ol ok@d r[kwf pdwaf &m*ga=umifh apmifah &Smufc&H ol ok@d r[kwf csi;f vJe;f ESihf zuf'&,fOya't& Ekid if aH wmfyek u f efr_ ok@d r[kwf &mZ0wfru _ sL;vGef olrsm; rJay;ykid cf iG rhf &Sad p&? 56. All votes shall be by ballot or by other means authorized by the Chinland Legislature, provided that the secrecy of the elector's vote must be preserved and the vote must be accurately recorded.

56? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G u rjyXmef;xm;v#if rJay;jcif;rsm;ukd rJy;Hk ok@d r[kwf wjcm;rJay;pepfrsm; usio hf ;Hk &rnf? v#K@d 0u S rf aJ y;pepfudk usio hf ;Hk ap+yD; rJrsm;ukd wduspmG a&wGurf w S w f rf;wif &rnf? 54

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57. The Chinland Legislature shall have the power to prescribe by statute any and all needful rules governing the conduct of elections, including but not limited to voting practices and procedures, constituencies and districting, provided, however, that no electoral law may contravene any provision of this Constitution.

57? csif;vJef;Oya'jyKtzJG@onf a&G;aumufjcif;qkdif&m enf;pepfrsm;/ rJqENe,frsm; cGJjcm;owfrSwfjcif;rsm;ukd TzJG@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccH Oya'tm; rqef@usiv f #if tufOya'jyKjyXmef; ykid cf iG &hf o dS nf// LEGISLATURE

Oya'jyKa&; 58. The courts of Chinland shall have the power of judicial review to enforce the provisions of this section; the courts of Chinland shall therefore review the actions of all departments of government and government officials for conformity to these provisions. Any decision of the High Court in the interpretation of these provisions shall be final and binding on the parties to that decision and on all of the people of Chinland, including departments of the government and government officials.

58? csi;f vJe;f . w&m;&k;H rsm;onf T zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'yk'rf rsm; tay: Oya't&csrw S x f m;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&ef w&m;&k;H . vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mjzifh jynfvnfo;Hk oyfyidk cf iG &hf o dS nf? csi;f vJe;f . w&m;&k;H rsm;onf tpk;d &Xmersm;ESihf 0efxrf;rsm;. vkyaf qmifrr_ sm; tay: Oya't&csrw S x f m;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&ef w&m;&k;H . vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mjzifh jynfvnfo;Hk oyfyidk cf iG &hf o dS nf? T zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'yk'frrsm;tay: csif;vJef;w&m;&Hk;rsm;. Oya't&csrw S x f m;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&ef w&m;&k;H . 55

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vkyfykdifcGifhtm%mjzifh jyefvnfokH;oyf t"dy`g,fzGifhqkdcsufrsm;onf aemufq;Hk jzpf+yD; oufqidk af omtzJ@G tpnf;/ csi;f jynfot l m;vk;H / tpk;d & Xmersm;ESihf jynfo@l 0efxrf;rsm;tay: Oya'uJo h @kd tm%moufa&muf onf? 59. All legislative power shall be vested in the Legislative Assembly of the Chinland. The legislative assembly shall have the power to legislate for the public health and welfare, the defense of Chinland, and such other matters as shall seem appropriate to the assembly. This grant of power shall include but not be limited to the powers to: i. Protect, maintain, revise, or eliminate Chin customary law regarding inheritance and family law, notwithstanding any other provision of this Constitution; ii. Control immigration to, and travel through, Chinland, from foreign countries and other parts of the Federal Union of Burma, notwithstanding any other provision of this Constitution; iii. Control the admission to citizenship in Chinland of those from foreign countries or other parts of the Federal Union of Burma; iv. Protect and promote traditional Chin custom, culture, and literature, notwithstanding any other provision of this Constitution; v. Protect the individual rights of the people of Chinland; vi. Encourage or require the performance of the individual duties of the people of Chinland; vii. Provide for and regulate public finance, taxation, and revenue, public education, public health and welfare, and the state armed forces; viii.Make such laws as are provided for in the section of this Constitution on Media and Culture. 56

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ix. Determine what persons shall constitute the militia of the Chinland, and provide for organizing and disciplining the same by law. x. Direct in what manner and in what courts suits may be brought against Chinland.

59? Oya'jyKcGiEhf iS q hf ikd af om tm%mtm;vk;H onf csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G wiG f &So d nf? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf jynfo@l use;f rma&;/ jynfo@l zv l aH_ &;/ csi;f vJe;f umuG,af &;ESihf wjcm;oifah v#maf om udp&P yfrsm;ay:wGif Oya' jyKcGi&hf o dS nf? TOya'jyKjcif;tm%mwGif uef@owfcsurf &Sd yg0ifaom tm%mrsm;rSm(u) csi;f &k;d &m,Ofaus;r_Oya'rsm;/ tarGqufcyH idk cf iG /hf rdom;pkqidk &f m Oya'wk d @ uk d umuG , f a pmif h a &S m uf j cif ; / xd r f ; od r f ; jcif ; / jyefvnfppD pfjcif;/ &kwo f rd ;f jcif;rsm;ukd Ttcef;ygjyXmef;xm;aom Oya'rsm;ESit hf nD Oya'jyKcGi&hf o dS nf? (c) csi;f vJe;f twGi;f ok@d Ekid if jH cm;rSaomfvnf;aumif;/ zuf'&,fjynf axmifpk tpdwt f ykid ;f rsm;rSaomfvnf;aumif; tvnftywfvm cGi/hf vl0ifciG Ehf iS o hf ufqidk af omt&mrsm;wGif Ttcef;ygjyXmef;xm; aom Oya'rsm;tjyif Oya'jyKcGi&hf o dS nf? (*) Ekid if jH cm;wkid ;f jynfrsm;rSaomfvnf;aumif;/ zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k tpdwt f ykid ;f rsm;rSaomfvnf;aumif; csi;f trsK;d om;jzpfjcif;rsm;ukd }uD;=uyfyidk cf iG &hf o dS nf? (C) TzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'Y jyXmef;xm;onfh Oya'rsm; tjyif csi;f trsK;d om;rsm;. ,Ofaus;r_/ "avhx;Hk wrf;pOfvm/ pmay rsm;ukd umuG,zf @GH +zdK;wk;d wufap&ef? (i) csi;f jynforl sm;. woD;yk*v ~ tcGit hf a&;rsm;ukd umuG,&f ef? (p) woD;yk*v ~ wm0efrsm;ukd vkyaf qmifaus¹yGeaf p&ef tm;ay;jcif; ok@d r[kwf awmif;qkjd cif;rsm;jyK&ef? (q) jynfo@l b¾maiG/ taumufceG /f 0ifaiG/ ynma&;/ use;f rma&;ESihf vlrz_ v l aH_ &;ESihf csi;f vJe;f umuG,af &;wyfrsm;qkid &f m? (Z) csi;f vJe;f umuG,af &;wyfrsm;wGif rnfo h nfyh *k K~ v d rf sm; yg0if&rnf qko d nfu h pd rP sm;ESi‚hf if;wk@d . zJ@G pnf;ykpH nf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm; zG@J pnf; tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'ESit hf nD jyXmef;ay;&ef? 57

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(ps) csi;f vJe;f tm; w&m;pJq G rdk r_ sm;ukd rnfonfw h &m;&k;H rsm;Y ajz&Si;f &ef ESihf rnfo@dk rnfyHk ukid w f , G &f ef? 60. The Chinland Legislative Assembly shall consist of two Houses, to be known as the Senate and the House of Representatives.

60? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G udk txufvw $ af wmf (qD;edw)f ESihf atmufvw $ f awmf (jynfo@l vw $ af wmf) ESp&f yfjzifh zJ@G pnf;&rnf? 61. Election to the House of Representatives shall be based on the principle of one person, one vote, such that the ratio between voters and representatives remains uniform in all constituencies.

61? atmufv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;onf vlwOD; rJwrJpepfay:wGif rlwnf+yD; rJqENe,fajruk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf rJay;olrsm; tcsK;d onf wajy;nDjzpfap&rnf? 62. The Chinland Legislative Assembly shall have power to determine the number of members of the House of Representatives. The assembly shall have power to determine the number, location, and boundaries of districts electing members to the House of Representatives. The Chinland legislative assembly shall have power to prescribe the method of election to membership in the House of Representatives.

62? csif;vJef;Oya'jyKtzJG@onf atmufv$wfawmftrwfOD;a& owfrSwf jyXmef;ykdifcGifh&Sdonf? csif;vJef;Oya'jyKtzJG@onf trwfOD;a&/ rJqEN e,fajr/ a'o/ rJqENe,ferdww f @dk udo k wfrw S yf idk cf iG &hf o dS nf? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJG@onf atmufv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm; a&G;aumuf wifajr‡mufyeHk nf;Oya'rsm; jyXmef;ykid cf iG &hf o dS nf? 63. The Senate shall consist of one member from each of the following cultural and dialectal areas, regardless of population: TO BE DETERMINED--

63? txufvw $ af wmfonf vlO;D a&tenf;trsm;ay: tajcrcHyJ ,Ofaus;r_/ 58

csif;vJef;zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'“rl-urf;”

bmompum;ukd tajccHI trwfwOD;pD a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ uf zJ@G pnf; &rnf? (aemifwiG f aqG;aEG;qk;H jzwf&ef) 64. Election to the Senate shall be based on the principle of one person, one vote within each Senate constituency, and all elections to the Senate shall be at large within the respective constituencies.

64? txufv$wfawmftrwf a&G;aumuf&mwGif vlwOD; rJwrJpepfukd usio hf ;Hk +yD; txufvw $ af wmftrwf rJqENe,fajrrsm;wGif vGwv f yfpmG a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf&rnf? 65. The Chinland Legislative Assembly shall have power to prescribe electoral law for Senate elections, consistent with the provisions of this Constitution. The Chinland Legislative Assembly may not change the boundaries of existing Senate districts, except through constitutional amendment. The Chinland Legislative Assembly may increase the number of Senate seats only to include new territory acquired by Chinland. It may decrease the number of Senate seats only to exclude territory lost to the territory of Chinland.

65? T zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya' ESiv hf u dk af vsmnDaxGpmG csi;f vJe;f Oya' jyKtzJ@G onf txufvw $ af wmf a&G;aumufjcif;qkid &f m Oya'rsm;ukd jyXmef;Ekid o f nf? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf wnfqjJ zpfaom txuf v$wfawmfrJqENe,fajrrsm;ukd zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya't& jyKjyifajymif;vJr_ r&Sdv#if rajymif;vJ&/ csif;vJef;Oya'jyKtzJG@onf txufvw $ af wmftrwfO;D a&ukd e,fajropfrsm; vufc&H &Srd a_ y: tajccH +yD;rSom Oya'jyKEkid o f nf? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf e,fajrqk;H &H;_ r_ &Srd o S m txufvw $ af wmftrwfO;D a&ukd av#mch sEidk o f nf? 66. In addition to the Senators elected from Senate constituencies, the Governor of Chinland shall appoint, with the consent of the sitting representatives, an additional number of Senators that equals ten percent 59

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(rounded up) of the number of Senators elected from geographical areas. In his or her own discretion, the Governor shall appoint experts in the subjects of Economics, Health, Law, Science and similar areas relevant to the formulation of public policy. The rights, privileges, powers, and duties of these appointed Senators shall be the same as elected Senators of the Chinland Legislative Assembly.

66? a'ot& a&G;aumufxm;aom txufvw $ af wmftrwfrsm;tjyif csif;vJef;tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;onf wnfqJatmufv$wfawmftrwfrsm;. vufct H wnfjyKcsujf zifh vuf&t dS xufvw $ af wmftrwfO;D a&. wq,f &mckid Ef e_ ;f ESihf t=urf;zsi;f nDr#aom txufvw $ af wmftrwfrsm;ukd cef@ tyf&rnf? csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;onf TzG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya' tm;jzifh ay;tyfaom vkyyf idk cf iG t hf & abm*aA'/ use;f rma&;/ Oya'/ odyEH` iS hf wjcm;bmom&yfrsm;Y u|r;f usio f rl sm;tm; jynfo@l ay:vpDrsm; a&;qJEG idk &f ef a&G;cs,f &rnf? a&G;aumufcaH om txufvw $ af wmftrwf ESihf cef@tyfc&H aom txufvw $ af wmftrwfw@kd . vkyyf idk cf iG /hf tcGihf ta&;/ tm%mESihf wm0efrsm;onf wlno D nf? 67. A person shall be disqualified for being chosen as, and for being, a member of the House of Representatives or Senate: i. If he or she holds any office of profit under the Government of Chinland, the government of the Federal Union of Burma, or any Government of a foreign state, other than an office declared by the Chinland Legislative Assembly by law not to disqualify its holders; ii. If he or she is of unsound mind and stands so declared by a competent court; iii. If he or she is an un-discharged insolvent; iv. If he or she is not a citizen of Chinland, or has voluntarily acquired the citizenship of a foreign State, or is under any acknowledgement of allegiance or adherence to a foreign state; 60

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v. If he or she has not live in Chinland for at least ten years; or if he or she is not a qualified elector in the election unit which he or she may be chosen to represent.

67? rnforl qkd atmufygtcsuEf iS hf ndp‡ eG ;f v#if txufvw $ af wmf/ atmuf v$waf wmftrwftjzpf ta&G;rcH&? (u) csi;f vJe;f tpk;d &/ zuf'&,ftpk;d &/ Ekid if jH cm;tpk;d &rsm;wGif tusK;d cHpm;cGi&hf &So d /l &mxl;vuf0,f&x dS m;ol/ ok@d r[kwf csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyK tzJ@G u Oya't& wm;jrpfjyXmef;xm;jcif;rSvw G u f if;ol? (c) w&m;&k;H wckcu k pdwrf ES@o H [ l k owfrw S cf &H ol? (*) r+yD;jywfao;aom tr_tcif;&So d l od@k r[kwf ndp‡ eG ;f aeol? (C) csi;f trsK;d om;r[kwo f rl sm;/ ok@d r[kwf rdrq d ENtav#muf Ekid if jH cm; om;tjzpf cH,o l /l ok@d r[kwf Ekid if jH cm;wkid ;f jynf wckct k m;odpmP apmifo h o d l ok@d r[kwf axmufct H m;ay;ol? (i) csi;f vJe;f Y q,fEpS q f ufwu dk rf aexkid o f /l ok@d r[kwf rdr0d ifa&muf ta&G;cHrnfh rJqENe,f. a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif; Oya't& t&nftcsi;f rjynfo h ?l 68. If a question arises as to whether a member of the House of Representatives of the Senate has become subject to any of the disqualifications prescribed in this Constitution, the question shall be referred to the Chinland High Court for final decision.

68? TtajccHOya't& txufESifhatmufv$wfawmftrwfrsm;. a&G; aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;ESifhygwfoufI tjiif;tyGm; jzpfyGm;cJhv#if csi;f vJe;f w&m;&k;H csKyfu pD&ifq;Hk jzwf&efjzpf+y;D w&m;&k;H csKyf.qk;H jzwfcsuf onf aemufq;Hk jzpfap&rnf? 69. Every Legislator shall hold his or her office for a term of four years, provided, however: Immediately after the first election, the members of each House shall be divided by random lot as equally as possible into two classes. The term in office of the first class shall expire at the close of the second year, and the term of the second class at the close of the fourth year. 61

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69? Oya'jyKtzJ@G 0ifwidk ;f . oufwrf;onf (4) ESpjf zpf&rnf? ok@d aomfyxrOD; qk;H a&G;aumufy+GJ yD;onfEiS hf a&G;aumufc&H aom Oya'jyKtzJ@G 0ifrsm;ukd tkypf k ESpcf ck &GJ rnf? yxrtkypf . k oufwrf;onf (2) ESpjf zpf+yD; 'kw, d tkypf . k oufwrf;onf (4) ESpf jzpfonf? 70. In any district of either House of the legislative assembly, the voters may recall their representatives by referendum or initiative. The voting method in such case shall be the same voting method by which the representative was initially elected. No representative shall be subject to a recall process more often than once a year. The High Court of Chinland shall specify other needful procedures for the referendum and initiative processes for this purpose.

70? rnfonfh rJqENe,frrS qkd a&G;aumufc&H aom Oya'jyKtzJ@G 0ifwOD;pD a&G;aumufcjH cif;ukd jynfo@l qENc, H jl cif; ok@d r[kwf pDpOfaqmif&u G rf r_ sm; jyKjcif;jzifh jyefvnf&w k o f rd ;f Ekid o f nf? jyefvnf&w k o f rd ;f jcif;qkid &f m rJay; jcif;pepfonf a&G;aumufwifajrmâ&#x20AC;¡ ufjcif;qkid &f m rJay;jcif;pepfEiS hf xyfwl xyfr# jzpfap&rnf? rnfonft h rwftay: Yrqkd wESpw f iG f w}urd x f uf ykdI &kwfodrf;jcif;qkdif&m rJcJGjcif; rjyK&? csif;vJef;w&m;&kH;csKyfonf jynfo@l qENc, H jl cif; ok@d r[kwf pDpOfaqmif&u G rf r_ sm;ESiyhf wfoufI vkt d yf aom pnf;rsO;f enf;emrsm;ukd jyXmef;ykid cf iG &hf o dS nf? 71. The Governor of Chinland shall issue writs of election to full such vacancies as may occur in either house of the legislature.

71? csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;onf Oya'jyKtzJ@G twGi;f ae&mvpfvyfr_ jzpf aomtcg a&G;aumufyu GJ si;f y&ef vkt d yfaom pmc|eaf wmfudk xkwjf yef ykid cf iG &hf o dS nf? 72. Every Member of the House of Representatives, Speakers, and Deputy Speakers shall before taking his or her seat, make and subscribe, before a judge of the Chinland High Court, an oath or affirmation to support the Constitution of the Federal Union and the 62

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Constitution of Chinland, and faithfully to discharge the duties of their respective offices to the best of their ability.

72? Oya'jyKtzJ@G 0ifrsm;/ obmywdEiS hf 'kw, d obmywdw@dk onf ‚if;wk@d . &mxl;ukd vufrcHrDS csi;f vJe;f w&m;&k;H csKyfw&m;ol}uD; wOD;. a&S@arSmuf wGif zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpEk iS hf csi;f vJe;f tajccHOya'rsm;ukd odpmP &Spd mG ‚if;wk@d . tpGr;f tptm;vk;H jzifh apmifx h ed ;f ygrnft h a=umif; *wdusr;f used f xGuq f jdk cif;ukd jyK&rnf? 73. No law shall be enacted except by bill. No law shall be in force until published. The Chinland Legislature shall provide by law for the speedy publication of all laws.

73? rnfonfh Oya'rqkd rl=urf;r[kwyf J Oya'tjzpfrjyXmef;&? rnfonfh Oya'rqkd ykEH ydS jf cif;rjyKrDS tm%mroufa&mufap&? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyK tzJ@G onf jyXmef;xm;aom Oya'rsm;vsijf refpmG ykEH ydS x f w k af 0a&; Oya' jyKjyXmef;&rnf? 74. No bill shall become law unless and until it has been passed by both houses of the Chinland legislative assembly in identical form.

74? rnfonfOh ya'=urf;rqkd v$waf wmf (2) &yfpvk;H u wlnaD om ykpH rH sm;jzifh todtrSwrf jyKv#if Oya'rjzpfap&? 75. Except a bill for raising revenue, any bill may originate in either house of the Chinland legislature.

75? b¾mawmfaiGOya'=urf;rSty tjcm;Oya'=urf;tm;vk;H ukd v$waf wmf (2) &yfpvk;H u wifoiG ;f Ekid o f nf? 76. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but revenue bills must pass the Senate before becoming law.

76? b¾mawmfaiGEiS q hf idk af om Oya'=urf;rsm;onf atmufvw $ af wmfwiG f tpjyK&rnf? ok@d aomf txufvw $ af wmftrwftrsm;pku axmufcH todtrSwjf yKrSom Oya'jzpf&rnf? 63

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77. Every bill which shall have passed both houses of the Chinland Legislature, shall be presented to the Governor of Chinland before it becomes law. If the Governor approves and signs the bill, the bill shall become a law.

77? v$waf wmf (2) &yfpvk;H rS twnfjyK+yD;aom Oya'=urf;rsm;ukd jynfe,f tkycf sKyaf &;rSL;xHo@dk wifoiG ;f &rnf? tu,fI jynfe,ftyk cf sKyaf &;rSL;u todtrSwjf yK+yD; vufrw S af &;xk;d v#if tqkyd gOya'=urf;onf Oya' jzpf&rnf? 78. The Governor of Chinland may approve an appropriation bill in whole or in part, and the part approved shall become law. In approving an appropriation bill in part, the Governor may not create a new word by rejecting individual letters in the words of the enrolled bill.

78? csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyaf &;rSL;onf Oya'rl=urf;. w0uf ok@d r[kwf tm;vk;H ukd twnfjyKEidk +f y;D twnfjyK+y;D aom Oya'rl=urf;rsm;onf Oya'jzpf&rnf? Oya'rl=urf;w0ufwysufukd twnfjyKaomtcg jynfe,ftkyfcsKyf a&;rSL;onf rl=urf;. pmom;rsm;tm; jyifqifjznfph u G jf cif; rjyK&? 79. If the Governor rejects a bill, the Governor shall return the bill, together with his or her objections in writing, to the house in which the bill originated. The House of origin shall enter the objections at large upon the journal and proceed to reconsider the bill. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of the members present agree to pass the bill notwithstanding the objections of the governor, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by twothirds of the members present it shall become law.

79? tu,fI jynfe,ftyk cf sKyfa&;rSL;onf Oya'rl=urf;ukd uef@uu G v f #if â&#x20AC;&#x161;if;.uef@uu G pf mESit hf wl rl=urf;ukd pwifwifoiG ;f aom v$waf wmfo@dk 64

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jyefy@dk &rnf? rl=urf;ukd a&;qJw G ifoiG ;f aomv$waf wmfonf jynfe,ftyk f csKyfa&;rSL;. y,fcsc&H aom rl=urf;ukd vGwv f yfpmG v$waf wmfrw S w f rf; wGif rSww f rf;wif+y;D v#if jyefvnfwifoiG ;f &rnf? tu,fI jynfe,ftyk f csKyfa&;rSL;. y,fcscsuu f dk v$waf wmfwufa&mufaom ok;H ykH ESpyf u Hk rl=urf;ukd vufcH&efoabmwlv#if ‚if;wkd@. uef@uGufpmESifhtwl rl=urf;ukd wjcm;v$waf wmfo@dk jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&ef wifoiG ;f &rnf? tu,f I wufa&mufaom trwfo;Hk ykH ESpyf u Hk oabmwlv#if tqkyd gr=l urf; onf Oya'jzpf&rnf? 80. The rejected part of an appropriation bill, together with the Governor's objections in writing, shall be returned to the house in which the bill originated. The house of origin shall enter the objections at large upon the journal and proceed to reconsider the bill. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of the members present agree to pass the rejected part notwithstanding the objections of the governor, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of the members present the rejected part shall become law.

80? y,fcscH&aom Oya'rl=urf; wydkif;wpukd csif;vJef;tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;. uef@uu G pf mESit hf wl rl=urf;ukd pwifwifoiG ;f aom v$waf wmfo@dk jyefy@dk &rnf? rl=urf;ukd a&;qJw G ifoiG ;f aomv$waf wmfonf csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyf a&;rSL;. y,fcsc&H aom rl=urf;ukd vGwv f yfpmG v$waf wmfrw S w f rf;wGif rSwfwrf;wif+yD;v#if jyefvnfwifoGif;&rnf? tu,fI csif;vJef; tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;. y,fcscsuu f dk v$waf wmfwufa&mufaom ok;H ykH ESpyf u Hk rl=urf;ukdvufcH&ef oabmwlv#if ‚if;wkd@. uef@uGufpmESifhtwl rl=urf;ukd wjcm;v$wfawmfokd@ jyefvnfokH;oyf&ef wifoGif;&rnf? tu,fI wufa&mufaom trwfokH;ykH ESpfykHu oabmwlv#if tqkyd gr=l urf;onf Oya'jzpf&rnf? 81. In all such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by "yes" and "no", and the names of the members voting for or against passage of the bill or 65

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the rejected part of the bill notwithstanding the objections of the Governor of Chinland shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively.

81? v$waf wmfonf qk;H jzwfcsucf s&mwGif “axmufc”H ESihf “uef@uu G ”f rJ rsm;jzifh csrw S &f rnf? rl=urf;ukd axmufcH ok@d r[kwf uef@uu G rf aJ y;ol trwftm;vk;H . trnfpm&if;ESihf tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;. “axmufcjH cif;” ok@d r[kwf “uef@uu G jf cif;” tm;vk;H ukd v$waf wmftoD;oD;. v$waf wmf rSww f rf;wGif rSww f rf;wif&rnf? 82. Any bill not returned by the Governor of Chinland within 14 days (Sunday excepted) after it shall have been presented to the Governor of Chinland shall become law unless the legislature, by final adjournment, prevents the bill's return, in which case it shall not become law.

82? rnfonfh Oya'rl=urf;rqkd csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;xHo@dk wifoiG ;f +yD; wq,fah v;&uf (we*FaEGae@ryg0ifap&) twGi;f v$waf wmfo@dk jynfvnf rwifoiG ;f v#if Oya'jzpfap&rnf? 83. The style of all laws of the state shall be "The people of the Chinland, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows: "………….".

83? tufOya'rsm;a&;om;ykrH mS “csi;f vJe;f &Sd csi;f jynforl sm; uk, d pf m;jyKaom txufv$wfawmfESifh atmufv$wfawmfESpf&yfu atmufygtwkdif; tufOya'ukd jyXmef;vku d o f nf æææ”? 84. Each House shall determine the rules of its own proceedings, punish for contempt and disorderly behavior, and with the concurrence of two thirds of all the member may adjourn from day to day, and may compel the attendance of absent members in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide.

84? v$waf wmfwckpo D nf ‚if;wk@d vw $ af wmftoD;oD;. pnf;rsO;f vkyx f ;Hk rsm;ukd a&;qJ+G yD; v$waf wmftrwfrsm;. rxD rJjh rifjyKjcif;ESirhf oifah v#maf om 66

csif;vJef;zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'“rl-urf;”

tjyKtrlrsm;ukd ae@pOfEiS t hf r# ok;H ykEH pS yf o Hk abmwlncD sut f & jypf'g%f ay;&rnf? v$wfawmftpnf;ta0;wufa&muf&ef ysufuGufaom trwfrsm;ukd tpnf;ta0;wufa&mufapv#uf wnfqpJ nf;rsO;f vkyx f ;Hk rsm;jzifh ta&;,l&rnf? 85. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings and publish the same, except such parts as require secrecy. The doors of each house shall be kept open except when the public welfare shall require secrecy. Neither house shall, without consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days.

85? v$waf wmftoD;oD;onf ‚if;wk@d vw $ af wmf. vkyaf qmifcsut f m;vk;H ukd v$waf wmfrw S w f rf;wGif rSww f rf;wif&rnf? jynfo@l v+Hk cKH a&;ESihf oufqidk f aomtcsed t f cgrv S I $J v$waf wmf.pnf;a0;cef;rsm;ukd jynfot l wGuf zGiahf y;&rnf? rnfonfv h w $ af wmfrqkd wjcm;v$waf wmf. oabmwlnD csufr&Sdv#if okH;&ufxufykdI v$wfawmf. vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ukd &yfem;jcif;rjyK? 86. The legislature shall meet at the seat of government at such time as shall be provided by law, unless convened by the Governor in special session, and when so convened no business shall be transacted except as shall be necessary to accomplish the special purposes for which it was convened.

86? Oya't&jyXmef;xm;jcif; r&Sv d #if odrk [kwf csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;u ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0; rac:,lv#i/f csi;f vJe;f tpk;d &&k;H pku d &f mae&mY v$waf wmf. tpnf;ta0;rsm;udak c:,l&rnf// csi;f vJe;f tpk;d &&k;H pku d &f m ae&mjyifyY v$waf wmf. tpnf;ta0;rsm;udak c:,lv#if xdk tpnf; ta0;ac:,ljcif;udpu P o kd m aqG;aEG;&rnf// 87. The yes and no of the members of either house on any question shall be entered on the journal as a matter of public record.

87? v$waf wmf. tpnf;ta0;rsm;. rnfonfu h pd P aqG;aEGrY_ rqdk v$wf 67

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awmftrwfrsm; toD;oD;. axmufcu H ef@uu G rf _ tm;vk;H ukd rSww f rf; wif xm;&S&d rnf// 88. For as long as they remain sitting legislators, all members of the Chinland legislative Assembly shall be privileged from arrest, legal penalty, or civil suit for all acts within the scope of their legislative duties, except treason, felony and breach of the peace; provided, that they may be arrested, penalized, or sued for those acts after the end of their time in office.

88? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G 0iftm;vk;H onf v$waf wmftrwfjzpfaepOfwiG f ‚if;wk@d . Oya'jyKjcif;wm0efEiS hf qkid af om wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;a=umifh zrf;qD;jcif;/ Oya't& ta&;,ljcif;/ w&m;rr_jzifh w&m;pJq G jdk cif;wk@d EiS hf Ekid if aH wmfyek u f efr/_ &mZ0wfr/_ +idr;f csr;f a&; zsuq f ;D r_w@dk twGuf tzrf; rcH&apumrl ‚if;wk@d . oufwrf;ukeq f ;Hk aomtcg zrf;qD;jcif;/ jypf'g%f ay;jcif;/ w&m;pJq G cdk jH cif;rsm; cHEidk &f rnf? 89. There shall be a Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister at its head to aid and advise the Governor in the exercise of his or her functions as prescribed in this Constitution. The Council of Ministers shall have power only to advise the Governor, not to control any part of his conduct of office. From time to time, the Governor must formally receive the advice of the Council of Ministers, but he or she is not required to heed this advice.

89? T zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'Y jyXmef;xm;onft h wkid ;f csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;. wm0efvyk if ef; taumiftxnfazmfEidk af &; t}uHay; &ef csi;f vJe;f 0ef}u;D csKyOf ;D aqmifaom csi;f vJe;f 0ef}u;D rsm;ukd zJ@G pnf;&rnf? csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;onf csi;f vJe;f 0ef}u;D tzJ@G . t}uaH y;csurf sm;ukd vkt d yfwidk ;f awmif;cH&rnf? ok@d aomf ‚if;wk@d . t}uHay;csurf sm;ukd vku d ef maqmif&u G af pjcif; r&Sad p&? 90. The Governor shall nominate the Chief Minister, by and with the consent and approval of a majority of the members of the House of Representatives. 68

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90? csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyaf &;rSL;onf atmufvw $ af wmf/ trwftrsm;pk.qENEiS hf oabmwlncD sut f & csi;f vJe;f 0ef}uD;csKyfudk cef@tyf&rnf? 90. On the advice of the Chief Minister, the Governor shall appoint the Ministers and Deputy Ministers, by and with the consent and approval of the Chief Minister and a majority of the members of the House of Representatives.

91? csif;vJef;tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;onf csif;vJef;0ef}uD;csKyf. t}uHay;csufESifh atmufv$wfawmftrwftrsm;pk. qENESifh oabmwlnDcsuft& csi;f vJe;f 0ef}uD;rsm;ukd cef@tyf&rnf? 92. The Governor shall appoint all other executive officers of Chinland by and with the approval and consent of the Senate.

92? csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;onf txufvw $ af wmf trwftrsm;pk.qEN ESifhoabmwlnDcsufjzifh csif;vJef;tkyfcsKyfa&; qdkif&m0efxrf;rsm;ukd cef@tyfEidk o f nf? 92. Until the Chinland Legislative Assembly otherwise specifies, the Council of Ministers shall include one Minister and one Deputy Minister for each of the following ministries: i. Ministry of Home Affairs ii. Ministry of Finance iii. Ministry of Revenue and Taxation iv. Ministry of Judiciary v. Ministry of Local Governmental Affairs vi. Ministry of Public Works vii. Ministry of Education viii.Ministry of Forestry ix. Ministry of Welfare x. Ministry of Cultural and Media xi. Ministry of Planning xii. Ministry of State Defense and xiii.Ministry of Federal Affairs 69

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93? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G u jyXmef;csuOf ya'rjyKrcsi;f 0ef}u;D tzJ@G rsm;onf Xme0ef}uD;wOD;ESihf 'kw, d 0ef}uD;wOD;jzifh atmufygXmersm;ukd zJ@G pnf; &rnf? (1) jynfxaJ &; 0ef}uD;Xme (2) b¾ma&; 0ef}uD;Xme (3) taumufceG f 0ef}uD;Xme (4) w&m;Oya' 0ef}uD;Xme (5) a'oE W&tkyfcsKyfa&; 0ef}uD;Xme (6) jynfo@l aqmufvyk af &; 0ef}uD;Xme (7) ynma&; 0ef}uD;Xme (8) opfawm 0ef}uD;Xme (9) vlrz_ v l aH_ &;ESiu hf se;f rma&; 0ef}uD;Xme (10) ,Ofaus;r_EiS v hf x l q k ufo, G af &; 0ef}uD;Xme (11) pDru H ed ;f a&;qJaG &; 0ef}uD;Xme (12) csi;f vJe;f umuG,af &; 0ef}uD;Xme (13) zuf'&,fa&;&m 0ef}uD;Xme 94. The Chinland Legislature may by law expand or contract the number of ministries, combine or divide their functions, or otherwise modify their portfolios.

94? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf tufOya'rsm;jyXmef;um 0ef}uD;Xmersm; wkd;csJ@jcif;/ avsmhcsjcif;/ ‚if;wkd@. vkyfief;rsm; pkaygif;jcif;/ cJGjcm;jcif; ok@d r[kwf &mxl;rsm;tm; jyKjyifajymifvjJ cif;rsm; jyKvkyEf idk o f nf? 95. The Senate shall form a Sub Committee for each Ministry composed of at least three Senators from different Constituencies.

95? txufv$wfawmfonf 0ef}uD;Xmet&nftwGufESifhtnD oD;jcm;rJ qENe,ftoD;oD;rS trwf (3) OD;usyg0ifaom a&;&maumfrw D u D dk zJ@G pnf; &rnf? 96. Each Senate Sub Committee shall oversee the activity of its respective Ministry. It may conduct public hearings upon the conduct of its Ministry and 70

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upon the need for legislation in its area, and it may recommend legislation, as it deems appropriate.

96? txufv$wfawmfa&;&maumfrDwDtoD;oD;onf ‚if;wkd@.a&;&m aumfrw D 0D ef}u;D Xme. vkyaf qmifrr_ sm;ukd avhvmpkpH rf;&rnf? ‚if;onf vkt d yfonf[k ,lqv#if jynfo@l =um;emppfaq;r_rsm;ukd 0ef}u;D Xmersm; . vkyfaqmifcsuftay: jyKvkyf+yD; vkdtyfonf[k,lqonfrsm;ukd a&;om;wifoiG ;f Ekid o f nf? 97. The Senate shall make rules to prescribe the power, duties, responsibilities and code of conduct of the Senate Sub Committees.

97? txufv$wfawmf (qD;edwf) onf a&;&maumfrDwDrsm;. tm%m/ wm0ef. 0wW&m;ESiv hf rf;!$erf r_ sm;ukd jyXmef; &rnf? 98. By majority vote, the House of Representative shall choose two of its members to be its Speaker and Deputy Speaker. So often as the office of Speaker or Deputy Speaker becomes vacant, the House of Representatives shall choose another member to fill the vacant office.

98? atmufvw $ af wmftrwftrsm;pkrjJ zifh atmufvw $ af wmfobmywdEiS hf 'kw, d obmywdudk a&G;cs,&f rnf? obmywdEiS hf 'kw, d obmywd ae&mrsm; vpfvyfaomtcg atmufvw $ af wmftrwfrsm;onf ‚if;wk@d trwfxrJ S a&G;aumuf+yD; vpfvyfae&mrsm;ukd tpm;xk;d &rnf? 99. By majority vote, the House of Representatives shall specify the exact duties of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House, consistent with the provisions of this Constitution.

99? T zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'rsm;ESirhf qef@usiv f #if atmufvw $ f awmftrwfrsm;onf trsm;qENt& obmywd ESihf 'kw, d obmywd rsm;. wm0efrsm;qkid &f mtufOya'rsm;ukd jyXmef;&rnf? 100. Any legislator holding office as Speaker or Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives shall 71

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vacate his office if he or she ceases to be a member of the Assembly. Any legislator holding office as Speaker may resign such office by writing under his or hand addressed to the Deputy Speaker, and any legislator holding office as Deputy Speaker may resign such office by writing under his or hand addressed to the Speaker. Any legislator holding office as Speaker or Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives may be removed from his or her office by a resolution of the House of Representatives, by a majority of all sitting Members of the House of Representatives.

100? obmywdESifh'kwd,obmywdtjzpf a&G;aumufcH&aomolonf ‚if;.v$wfawmftrwfjzpfjcif;rS E_wfxGuf&rnf? obmywdtjzpf ta&G;cHaomolonf v$waf wmftrwftjzpfrS E_wx f u G af =umif;ukd rdru d , dk w f idk f vufrw S af &;xk;d v#uf 'kw, d obmywdxo H @dk ‚if;/ 'kw, d obmywdtjzpf ta&G;cHaomolonf v$wfawmftrwftjzpfrS E_wx f u G af =umif;ukd rdru d , dk w f idk v f ufrw S af &;xk;d v#uf obmywdxH ok@d ‚if;/ wifoiG ;f &rnf? atmufvw $ af wmftrwftrsm;pk. qk;H jzwf csufjzifh obmywdESifh'kwd,obmywdwkd@ukd ‚if;wkd@.&mxl;rS xkwyf ,fEidk o f nf? 101. If all the other members of the House of Representatives are recalled or for any other reason unable to serve, the Speaker and Deputy Speaker shall not be recalled or otherwise vacate their office until some number of other members are again able to serve.

101? tu,fI atmufv$wfawmftrwftm;vkH; okd@r[kwf wcsKd@ukd ‚if;.trwfjzpfjcif;rS jyefvnf&w k o f rd ;f jcif;cH&apumrl ‚if;vpfvyf ae&mrsm; tpm;rxkd;oa&G@ obmywdESifh'kwd,obmywdwkd@ukd &mxl;tm; &kwo f rd ;f jcif;rjyK&? 102. When the office of Speaker is vacant, the duties of the office of shall be performed by the Deputy 72

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Speaker or, if the office of Deputy Speaker is also vacant, by a member of the House of Representatives appointed for the purpose by the Governor.

102? obmywd.ae&monf vpfvyfaev#if 'kwd,obmywdu 0if a&muf aqmif&Guf&rnf? 'kwd,obmywdae&m vpfvyfaev#if tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;onf atmufvw $ af wmftrwfwOD;OD;ukd vpfvyfae&m wGif ,m,Dcef@xm;&rnf? 103. The Lieutenant Governor shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote, unless the Senators shall be equally divided.

103? 'kwd,tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;onf txufv$wfawmf. OuUXjzpf&rnf? txufvw $ af wmftrwfrsm;. rJnw D n l rD # jzpfae csed rf w S yg; rJray;&? 104. By majority vote, the Senate shall choose one of their members to be Vice President and President Pro Tempore of the Senate. So often as the office becomes vacant, the Senate shall choose another member to fill the vacant office.

104? txufvw $ af wmftrwftrsm;pk. rJt&txufvw $ af wmf 'k-OuUX ukd a&G;cs,&f rnf? ae&mvpfvyfrj_ zpfcv hJ #if txufvw $ af wmftrwf rsm;u ‚if;wk@d xrJ S wOD;OD;ukd a&G;cs,t f pm;xk;d &rnf? 105. Any legislator holding office as Vice President of the Senate shall vacate his office if he or she ceases to be a member of the Assembly. He or she may resign his office by writing under his hand addressed to the Lieutenant Governor of Chinland. Any legislator holding office as Vice President of the Senate may be removed from his or her office by a resolution of the Senate, by a majority of all sitting Senators.

105? txuf v $ w f a wmf ' k O uU X tjzpf a&G ; aumuf c H & ol o nf ‚if ; . trwfae&mrS E_wx f u G af =umif;ukd rdru d , dk w f idk f vufrw S x f ;dk +y;D 'kw, d jynfe,ftyk cf sKyfa&;rSL;xHo@dk wifoiG ;f &rnf? txufvw $ af wmftrwf 73

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trsm;pk. rJt& txufvw $ af wmf'w k , d OuUXukd &mxl;rS z,f&mS ; Ekid o f nf? 106. If all the other Senators are recalled or for any other reason unable to serve, the Vice President of the Senate shall not be recalled or otherwise vacate his office until some number of other Senators are again able to serve.

106? txufvw $ af wmftrwftm;vk;H ukd â&#x20AC;&#x161;if;wk@d .&mxl;rS jyefvnf&w k o f rd ;f cH&apumrl txufvw $ af wmf 'kOuUXonf &mxl;rS jyefvnf&w k o f rd ;f cH&olrsm; ae&mtpm;rxkd;rjcif; &mxl;rS jyefvnf&kwfodrf;jcif; rjzpfap&? 107. The Chinland Legislature shall be subject to the following obligations: i. The Chinland Legislature shall provide by law that all stationary required for the use of the state, and all printing authorized and required by them to be done for their use, or for the Chinland, shall be let by contract to the lowest bidder, but the Chinland Legislature may establish a maximum price; no member of the Chinland Legislature or other state officer shall be interested, either directly or indirectly, in any such contract. ii. The Chinland Legislature shall provide for the public auditing of state accounts and may establish such offices and prescribe such duties for the same, as it shall deem necessary. iii. The Chinland Legislature, in order to ensure continuity of Chinland and Local Governmental operations in periods of emergency resulting from enemy action in the form of an attack, shall (i) forthwith provide for prompt and temporary succession to the powers and duties of public offices, of whatever nature and whether filled by election 74

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or appointment, the incumbents of which may become unavailable for carrying on the powers and duties of such officers, and (ii) adopt such other measures as may be necessary and proper for attaining the objectives of this section.

107? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf atmufygupd w P @dk wiG f wm0ef&o dS nf? (u) csif;vJef;Oya'jyKtzJG@onf csif;vJef;twGuf tokH;jyKtHhaom pm&Gupf mwrf;/ ykEH ydS jf cif;ESiyhf wfoufI aps;tcsK@d udk ay;Ekid o f t l m; uefx&ku d af y;onfh tufOya'jyXmef;&rnf? ok@d aomf csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJG@onf tedrfhqkH;aps;ukd jyXmef;apv#uf v$wfawmf trwfrsm; (ok@d r[kw)f jynfo@l 0efxrf;rsm; wku d &f u dk f ok@d r[kwf oG,f0kduftm;jzifh Tuefx&kdufwGif ryg0ifap&ef Oya'jzifh wm;jrpf&rnf? (c) csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf jynfo@l pm&if;tif;rsm;ukd ppfaq;rnfh Xmersm;ukd vkt d yfovkd zJ@G pnf;+yD; ‚if;wk@d .wm0efrsm;ukd vkt d yf ovdk jyXmef;ay;&rnf// (*) csif;vJef;Oya'jyKtzJG@onf &efol.usL;ausmfwkdufckdufr_a=umifh ta&;ay:tajctaersm;wGif csi;f vJe;f ESihf a'oE &W tpk;d &tkycf sKyf a&;rsm;qufvufvnfywfEidk &f ef/ (1) ta&;ay: vpfvyfaeaom tpk;d &Xmewm0ef&o dS l t&m&Srd sm;ukd tcsed rf DS a&G;aumufjcif; (ok@d r [kw)f cef@tyfjcif;/ wm0efEiS hf &mxl;rsm; jyXmef;jcif;ESihf T Oya' yk'rf ygtcsurf sm; taumiftxnfaz:Ekid &f ef vkt d yfaom ta&;,l aqmif&u G rf r_ sm; ukd usio hf ;Hk aqmif&u G f &rnf// EXECUTIVE

tkycf sKyfa&; 108. The courts of Chinland shall have the power of judicial review to enforce the provisions of this section; the courts of Chinland shall therefore review the actions of all departments of government and government officials for conformity to these 75

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provisions. Any decision of the High Court in the interpretation of these provisions shall be final and binding on the parties to that decision and on all of the people of Chinland, including departments of the government and government officials.

108? csi;f vJe;f . w&m;&k;H rsm;onf T zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'yk'rf rsm;tay: Oya't&csrw S x f m;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&ef w&m;&kH;. vkyfykdifcGifhtm%mjzifh jynfvnfokH;oyfykdifcGifh&Sdonf? csif;vJef;. w&m;&kH;rsm;onf tpkd;&Xmersm;ESifh 0efxrf;rsm;. vkyfaqmifr_rsm;tay: Oya't&csrSwfxm;onfh qkH;jzwfcsufukd jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&ef w&m;&k;H . vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mjzifh jynfvnfo;Hk oyf ykid cf iG &hf o dS nf? T zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'yk'rf tay: csi;f vJe;f w&m;&Hk;rsm;. Oya't&csrSwfxm;onfh qkH;jzwfcsufukd jyefvnf ok;H oyf&ef w&m;&k;H .vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mjzifh jyefvnfo;Hk oyf t"dyg` ,f zGiq hf cdk surf sm;onf aemufq;Hk jzpf+yD; oufqidk af om tzJ@G tpnf;/ csi;f jynfot l m;vk;H / tpk;d &Xmersm;ESihf jynfo@l 0efxrf;rsm;tay: Oya'uJo h @kd tm%m oufa&mufonf? 109. There shall be a Governor of Chinland who shall take honorific precedence over all other persons throughout Chinland and who shall exercise and perform the powers and functions conferred on him or her by this Constitution.

109? csi;f vJe;f twGi;f aexkid o f t l m;vk;H tay: OD;ao#mifjzpfaom csi;f vJe;f tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;onf TtajccHOya'u jyXmef;tyfESif;xm;aom tm%mt& vkyaf qmif&rnf? 110. The Governor shall hold office for a term of five years.

110? tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;. oufwrf;onf (5) ESpf jzpf&rnf? 111. There shall be a Lieutenant Governor of Chinland. Each candidate for governor shall choose a running mate for Lieutenant Governor from a different senatorial district, to run on the same ticket. The Gover76

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nor and Lieutenant Governor shall be elected as a ticket, at the same time, and for the same term.

111? csi;f vJe;f . 'kw, d tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;wOD; &S&d rnf? csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL; 0ifa&mufta&G;cHrnfo h o l nf ‚if;ESit hf wl 'kw, d tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;ae&m 0ifa&mufta&G;cHrnfo h w l OD;ukd wjcm;rJqENe,fxrJ S a&G;cs,&f rnf? tkycf sKyaf &;rSL;ESi'hf w k , d tkycf sKyaf &;rSL;onf wcsed w f nf;wGif oufwrf; wcktwGuf +ydKifwt l a&G;cH&rnf? 112. The Governor shall be elected in the following manner: i. Each senate district of Chinland, regardless of population, shall cast one vote for a gubernatorial candidate. The choice of candidate shall be determined by popular vote, according to the principle of one person, one vote, within the constituency. ii. Each senate district shall also cast a number of votes according to the following formula: the total number of votes cast according to section (i) shall be divided among the senate districts according to their population, so that each senate district shall receive an additional number of votes. The number of votes that each district shall receive under this section shall be calculated in precise fractions, so as to preserve accurate population ratios. These votes shall be given to the candidate chosen in each district by the process detailed in section (i). iii. The votes cast according to section (i) and the votes cast according to section (ii) shall then be combined. The candidate for governor who receives the greatest number of combined votes shall become the governor of Chinland, provided, however, that the Governor must receive a majority of all the votes cast.

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112? tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;ukd atmufygtwkid ;f a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡muf&rnf? (1) vlO;D a&enf;onfrsm;onfjzpfap txufvw $ af wmfrq J ENe,fwckpD onf ‚if;wk@d u, dk pf m;a&SŒajy;rJay;rnfo h u l kd vlwOD; rJwrJpepfjzifh oufqidk &f m rJqENe,fwiG f a&G;cs,&f rnf? (2) txufvw $ af wmftrwf rJqENe,fwckpo D nf atmufygenf;t wkid ;f rJay;&rnf? yk'rf cJG (1)t& rJay;xm;aom rJtm;vk;H ukd vlO;D a&tcsKd;tpm;t& jyefcJGjcm;jcif;jzifh rJqENe,fwckonf rJtykd wckp&D &Sad p&rnf? Tyk'rf cJt G & &&Sx d m;aom rJrsm;ukd vlO;D a& tcsKd;tpm;t& jyefajrmuf&rnf? TrJrsm;ukd yk'frcJG (1) t& a&G;aumufc&H olrsm;ukd ay;&rnf? (3) yk'rf cJG (1) ESihf (2) t& &&Sad om rJtm;vk;H ukd jyefaygi;f &rnf? tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;ae&mtwGuf 0ifa&mufta&G;cH&olrsm; teufrS rJ trsm;qk;H &olonf jynfe,ftyk cf sKyfa&;rSL;jzpf&rnf? 113. No person shall be eligible to occupy the office of Governor or Lieutenant Governor, who shall not have attained the age of thirty years, and who shall not have been for ten years preceding his or her election a resident and a citizen of Chinland and a citizen of the Federal Union of Burma.

113? rnforl qkd touf (30) rjynfo h /l a&G;aumufyrGJ wkid rf DS (10) ESpf quf wku d f csi;f vJe;f Y csi;f trsK;d om;tjzpfEiS hf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk Ekid if H om;tjzpf raexkdifolonf csif;vJef;tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;ESifh 'kwd, tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL; rjzpfap&? 114. No person shall be elected to the office of Governor more than twice, and no person who has held the office of Governor or acted as Governor, for more than three years of a term to which some other person was elected Governor shall be elected to the office of Governor more than once.

114? rnforl qkd csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;tjzpf qufwu dk f ESp}f udrx f ufyI dk ta&G;rcH&? rnforl qkd tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;tjzpf (3) ESpx f ufyI dk xrf; aqmifoo l nf w}udrx f ufyI dk ta&G;cHyidk cf iG &hf o dS nf? 78

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115. No Governor may succeed by election a Governor from the same senatorial constituency.

115? wlnDaom rJqENe,frS tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;rsm; qufwkdufta&G;cHjcif; r&Sad p&? 116. The Governor and Lieutenant Governor of Chinland, every other officer of the Executive Department, Ministers, and Deputy Ministers, except such inferior officers as may by law be exempted, shall before taking his or her seat, make and subscribe, before a judge of the Chinland High Court, an oath or affirmation to support the Constitution of the Federal Union and the Constitution of Chinland, and faithfully to discharge the duties of their respective offices to the best of their ability.

116? csif;vJef;tkyfcsKyfa&;r_;/ 'kwd,tkyfcsKyfa&;r_;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;Xmet&m&Sd rsm;/ 0ef}u;D rsm;ESihf 'kw, d 0ef}u;D rsm;ponf/h ‚if;wd@k . &mxl;wm0efrsm; pwifr&,lcifwiG f csi;f vJe;f w&m;&k;H csKyf. a&S@arSmufwiG f zuf'&,f jynfaxmifpt k ajccHOya'ESihf csi;f vJe;f tajccHOya'rsm;ukd xdr;f odr;f v#uf ‚if;wk@d . wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;ukd odpmP &Spd mG jzifh vkyaf qmifrnfh ta=umif; *wdopPmused q f &dk rnf? 117. The voters may recall the Governor by referendum or initiative. The voting method in such case shall be the same voting method by which the Governor was elected, and a majority vote shall be necessary for recall. The High Court of Chinland shall specify other needful procedures for the referendum and initiative processes for this purpose, provided, however, that the High Court must provide a process by which the Senate may initiate a recall process by majority vote. No Governor may be subject to a recall process more often than once a year.

117? rJay;Ekdifaomolrsm;onf tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;jyefvnf&kwfodrf;jcif;ukd jynfo@l qENc, H jl cif; ok@d r[kwf pDpOfaqmif&u G jf cif;jzifh jyKvkyEf idk o f nf? 79

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rJay;ykpH epfonf tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;tm; a&G;aumufjcif;ESihf wln&D rnf jzpf+y;D trsm;pkr&J rSom jyefvnf&w k o f rd ;f jcif;ukd jyKvyk &f rnf? (csi;f vJe;f w&m;&k;H csKyfonf jynfo@l qENc, H jl cif; ok@d r[kwf pDpOfaqmif&u G jf cif;ESihf oufqkdifaom pnf;rsOf;vrf;!Gefrsm;ukd jyXmef;&rnf? okd@&mwGif csif;vJef;w&m;&kH;csKyfonf txufv$wfawmfu jyefvnf&kwfodrf; jcif;ESifhoufqkdifaom qkH;jzwfcsufukd trwfOD;a&trsm;pkqENt& qk;H jzwf&ef[al om tcsuu f ydk g jyXmef;& rnf?) jyefvnfac:,ljcif;ukd wESpt f wGi;f w}udrx f ufyI dk rvky&f ? 118. The Governor of Chinland shall be Commander in Chief of all the Armed Forces of Chinland.

118? csif;vJef;tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;onf csif;vJef;twGif;&Sd vufeufukdifwyf tm;vk;H . ppfO;D pD;csKyfjzpfonf? 119. The Governor shall have power to convene the legislature on extraordinary occasions, and in case of invasion, natural disaster, the prevalence of contagious disease at the seat of government, or other sufficient reason, the Governor may convene the legislature at any other suitable place within Chinland.

119? csif;vJef;usL;ausmfcH&jcif;/ obm0ab;'g%foifhjcif;/ a=umufruf zG,ful;pufa&m*grsm; jyef@yGm;aejcif;ponfh tcsdefESifhckdifvkHaom ta=umif;w&m;&Sdonfhtcg ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;ukd csif;vJef; twGi;f oifah vsmv f +kH cHKonfah e&mwGif ac:Ekid o f nf? 120. The Governor of Chinland shall communicate to the legislature, at every session, the condition of the state, and recommend such matters to them for their consideration, as he or she may deem expedient.

120? csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;onfonf csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G . v$waf wmf tpnf;ta0;wkdif;wGif csif;vJef;. tajctaeESifh xkdudpP&yfrsm;ukd pOf;pm;xnfw h u G af y;&ef tqkjd yK&ef â&#x20AC;&#x161;if;u,lqv#if wifjyEkid o f nf? 121. The Governor shall transact all necessary business with officers of the Chinland government, officers 80

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of the Federal Union of Burma, and, when appropriate under this Constitution and the Federal Union Constitution, officers of foreign states.

121? csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;onf csi;f vJe;f tpk;d &. t&m&Srd sm;ESiahf omf‚if;/ zuf'&,ft&m&Sdrsm;ESifhaomf‚if;/ TtajccHOya'. zuf'&,f tajccHOya'rsm;t& vkdtyfaom tpkd;&vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;ukd jyKvky&f rnf? 122. The Governor of Chinland shall have power to grant reprieves, commutations, and pardons, after conviction, for all offenses, except treason and cases of impeachment, upon such conditions and with such restrictions and limitations as he or she may think proper, subject to such regulations as may be provided by law relative to the manner of applying for pardons. The Governor of Chinland shall annually communicate to the legislature each case of reprieve, commutation or pardons granted, stating the name of the convict, the crime of which he or she was convicted, the sentence and its date, and the date of the commutation, pardon or reprieve, with his or her reasons for granting the same.

122? csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;onf ao'g%rf S vGw+f idr;f csr;f omcGi/hf jypf'g%f avsmah ygch iG /hf jypf'g%cf iG v hf w $ cf iG rhf sm;ukd w&m;&k;H rsm;u usL;vGerf r_ sm; tay: jypf'g%cf srw S +f y;D aemuf Ekid if aH wmfyek u f efrE_ iS Ehf idk if aH wmfyek u f efr_ [k pGypf cGJ jH cif; tr_rsm;rSwyg; rdru d oifah v#maf om av#mah y:h jcif;rsm; ay;Ekid o f nf? xko d @dk vGw+f idr;f csr;f omcGirhf sm; av#mufvEJ ikd &f ef tuf Oya'rsm; jyXmef;&rnf? csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;onf csi;f vJe;f Oya' jyKtzJ@G o@dk ESppf OfEpS w f idk ;f vGw+f idr;f csr;f omcGi/hf jypf'g%rf aS vsmah ygch iG /hf jypf'g%cf iG v hf w $ cf &H olrsm;. trnfrsm;/ ‚if;wk@d usL;vGex f m;aom jypfr_ rsm;/ jypf'g%rf sm;ESihf jypf'g%cf srw S o f nfah e@EiS hf vGw+f idr;f csr;f om cGi/hf jypf'g%af vsmah ygch iG hf ok@d r[kwf ao'g%rf S vGwcf iG ahf y;onfah e@ ESix hf o dk @dk aom vGw+f idr;f csr;f omcGiahf y;&onfh ta=umif;rsm;ukd az: jy&rnf? 81

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123. Upon the Governor's death, resignation, recall or removal from office, the Lieutenant Governor of Chinland shall become Governor of Chinland for the balance of the unexpired term.

123? csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;aoqk;H jcif;/ E_wx f u G jf cif;/ jyefvnf&w k o f rd ;f cH&jcif;ESihf ok@d r[kwf &mxl;rSz,f&mS ;cH&jcif;jzpfv#if csi;f vJe;f . 'kw, d tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;onf usef&Sdaeaom oufwrf;+yD;qkH;onftxd tkycf sKyfa&;wm0efudk xrf;aqmif&rnf? 124. If the Governor of Chinland is absent from Chinland, impeached, or from mental or physical disease, becomes incapable of performing the duties of the office, the Lieutenant Governor of Chinland shall serve as acting Governor of Chinland for the balance of the un-expired term or until the Governor returns, the disability ceases or the impeachment is vacated. But when the Governor of Chinland, with the consent of the legislature, shall be out of Chinland in time of war at the head of the Chinland's military forces, the Governor of Chinland shall continue as Commander in Chief of the State's military forces.

124? tu,fI csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;onf csi;f vJe;f Yr&Sad omtcsed u f m v/ xkwyf ,fc&H jcif; ok@d r[kwf pdw"f gwf ok@d r[kwf cE<muk, d zf sm;emr_ a&m*gcH+yD; ‚if;.&kH;vkyfief;rsm; aus¹yGefpGm rxrf;aqmifEkdifv#if csi;f vJe;f . 'kw, d tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;onf csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL; jyefvm csed x f d ok@d r[kwf use&f adS eaom oufwrf;+y;D qk;H onftxd tkycf sKyfa&; rSL; aoqk;H v#if ok@d r[kwf vkyif ef;rxrf;aqmifEidk jf cif;jzpfv#if wm0efcH aqmif&u G &f rnf? ok@d aomf csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G . qENt& csi;f vJe;f tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;onf ppfrufjzpfyGm;aecsdefwGif csif;vJef;.jyifywGif csif;vJef;vufeufukdifwyfrsm;. OD;pD;csKyftjzpf aexkdifwm0efxrf; aqmifEidk o f nf? 125. If there is a vacancy in the office of Lieutenant Governor of Chinland and the Governor of Chinland dies, resigns or is removed from office, the Secretary Gen82

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eral of Chinland shall becomes Governor of Chinland for the balance of the un-expired term.

125? tu,fI csi;f vJe;f 'kw, d tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;ae&mvpfvyfyg+yD; csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;aoqk;H jcif; ok@d r[kwf &mxl;rS E_wx f u G jf cif; ok@d r[kwf z,f&Sm;cH&jcif;jzpfv#if csif;vJef;taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;csKyfonf jynfe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;wm0efukd usef&Sdaeaom oufwrf;ukefqkH; onftxd xrf;aqmif&rnf? 126. If there is a vacancy in the office of Lieutenant Governor of Chinland and the Governor of Chinland is absent from Chinland, impeached, or from mental or physical disease becomes incapable of performing the duties of the office, the Secretary General of State shall serve as acting Governor of Chinland for the balance of the un-expired term or until the Governor of Chinland returns, the disability ceases or the impeachment is vacated.

126? tu,fI csif;vJef;'kwd,tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;ae&mvpfvyf+yD; csif;vJef; tkycf sKyfa&;rSL; csi;f vJe@f Yr&Sv d #i/f &mxl;rSz,f&mS ;cH&v#i/f ok@d r[kwf pdw"f gwf cE<muk, d zf sm;emr_a&m*gc+H yD; ‚if;.&k;H vkyif ef;rsm; aus¹yGepf mG rxrf;aqmifEidk v f #if jynfe,ftaxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;csKyfonf jynf e,ftyk cf sKyaf &;rSL;wm0efudk use&f adS eaom oufwrf;ukeq f ;Hk ok@d r[kwf jynf e ,f t k y f c sKyf a &;rS L ; jyef v monf t xd ok d @ r[k w f wm0ef rxrf;aqmifEidk rf _ ukeq f ;Hk csed x f d ok@d r[kwf &mxl;rSz,f&mS ;cH&jcif; +y;D qk;H onft h xdwm0ef xrf;aqmif&rnf? JUDICIARY

w&m;pD&ifa&; 127. The courts of Chinland shall have the power of judicial review to enforce the provisions of this section; the courts of Chinland shall therefore review the actions of all departments of government and 83

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government officials for conformity to these provisions. Any decision of the High Court in the interpretation of these provisions shall be final and binding on the parties to that decision and on all of the people of Chinland, including departments of the government and government officials.

127? csi;f vJe;f . w&m;&k;H rsm;onf T zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya' yk'rf rsm;tay: Oya't&csrw S x f m;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnfo;Hk oyf &ef w&m;&k;H . vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mjzifh jynfvnfo;Hk oyfyidk cf iG &hf o dS nf? csi;f vJe;f . w&m;&k;H rsm;onf tpk;d &Xmersm;ESihf 0efxrf;rsm;. vkyf aqmifrr_ sm;tay: Oya't&csrw S x f m;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnf ok;H oyf&ef w&m;&k;H . vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mjzifh jynfvnfo;Hk oyfyidk cf iG hf &So d nf? T zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya' yk'rf tay: csi;f vJe;f w&m;&H;k rsm;. Oya't&csrw S x f m;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&ef w&m;&k;H . vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mjzifh jyefvnfo;Hk oyf t"dyg` ,zf iG q hf cdk suf rsm;onf aemufq;Hk jzpf+yD; oufqidk af om tzJ@G tpnf;/ csi;f jynfol tm;vkH;/ tpkd;&Xmersm;ESifh jynfol@0efxrf;rsm;tay: Oya'uJhodk@ tm%moufa&mufonf? 128. The judicial power of the Chinland shall be vested in a Chinland High Court, Appellate Courts, and Township Courts in and for each village, with one or more judges for each village or with one judge for two or more villages, as the Legislature shall provide, and such other courts inferior to the High Court as the Chinland Legislature create by law.

128? w&m;Oya'ESiq hf idk af om tm%mtm;vk;H onf csi;f vJe;f w&m;&k;H csKyf/ t,lcw H &m;&k;H rsm;/ +rKd @e,fw&m;&k;H rsm;ESihf aus;&GmwckpYD w&m;ol}u;D wOD; ok@d r[kwf wOD;xufyadk om w&m;ol}uD;rsm; ok@d r[kwf aus;&Gm (2) ck ok@d r[kwf (2) ck xufyadk om aus;&Gmrsm;twGuf w&m;ol}uD; wOD; ok@d r[kwf csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G u tufOya't& jyXmef;xm; onfh csi;f vJe;f w&m;&k;H csKyfxuf tcGit hf m%mi,faom w&m;&k;H rsm; wGif rlwnfonf? 84

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129. The Governor of Chinland shall appoint (five) or (seven) Justices of the High Court, including the Chief Justice of the Chinland High Court with the consent and approval of both the Senate and House of Representatives of the Chinland Legislature.

129? csif;vJef;tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;onf csif;vJef;w&m;&kH;csKyftwGuf w&m; ol}uD;csKyftygt0if w&m;ol}uD;rsm;ukd v$waf wmf ESp&f yfpvk;H . qEN ESihf axmufccH sujf zifh cef@tyf&rnf? 130. No person shall be eligible to the office of Chief Justice of the Chinland High Court or Associate Justices of the Chinland High Court unless he or she shall be at least forty years of age, a citizen of Chinland and the Federal Union, and shall have resided in Chinland at least ten years preceding his or her appointment.

130? csi;f vJe;f w&m;&k;H csKyf w&m;ol}u;D csKyEf iS w hf &m;ol}u;D rsm;tjzpf touf (40) rjynfhol/ csif;trsKd;om;ESifh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkEkdifiHom; rjzpfo/l csi;f vJe;f Y cef@tyfjcif;rjyKrDS q,fEpS q f ufwu dk rf aexkid o f l rnforl qkd T&mxl;twGuf cef@tyfjcif; r&Sad p&? 131. No person shall be eligible to the office of Chief Justice of the Chinland High Court or Associate Justice of the Chinland High Court unless he or she has for at least ten years held a judicial office in a competent Court in Chinland or in the Federal Union; or has for at least ten years been an advocate before the High Court or lower courts of Chinland or certain courts in the Federal Union; or has for at least ten years been a member of a law faculty at an accredited university or college in Chinland or in the Federal Union.

131? rnforl qkd csi;f vJe;f ESizhf uf'&,fw&m&k;H }uD;rsm;wGif tenf;qk;H (10) ESpf w&m;a&;t&m&St d jzpfaomfvnf;aumif;/ csi;f vJe;f ESizhf uf'&,f w&m;&k;H rsm;ESiw hf &m;&k;H i,frsm;wGif tenf;qk;H (10) ESpf a&S@ae tjzpf 85

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rxrf;aqmifcJhv#if okd@r[kwf csif;vJef; okd@r[kwf zuf'&,fOya' wuUov dk rf sm;wGif tenf;qk;H (10) ESpf Oya'XmetzJ@G 0iftjzpf rxrf; aqmifcJhv#if csif;vJef;w&m;&kH;w&m;ol}uD;csKyf okd@r[kwf wJGzuf w&m;ol}uD;rsm; rjzpfap&? 132. The justices of the Chinland High Court shall hold office for a term of ten years. At the conclusion of each term, they may be re-appointed for another term in office of ten years by the same process by which they were initially appointed.

132? csif;vJef;w&m;&kH;csKyf w&m;ol}uD;rsm;. oufwrf;onf (10) ESpf jzpf&rnf? oufwrf;ukeq f ;Hk aomtcg ,cifcef@tyfpOf enf;vrf;rsm; twkid ;f (10) ESpo f ufwrf;twGuf jyefvnfcef@tyfEidk o f nf? 133. The judges of the Appellate and Township courts shall be appointed by the High Court of Chinland, according to majority vote if there is a division of opinion, with the consent and approval of the Governor of Chinland.

133? csif;vJef;w&m;&kH;csKyfonf t,lcH&kH;ESifh+rdK@e,fw&m;&kH;rsm;. w&m; ol}u;D rsm;ukd w&m;&k;H csKyf w&m;ol}u;D rsm;. trsm;pk.qENjzifh cef@tyf &rnf? tu,fI oabmxm;qEN uJv G rGJ &_ v dS #if csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&; rSL;. axmufccH sujf zifh cef@tyfjcif;ukd jyK&rnf? 134. The judges of the Appellate and Township courts shall hold office for a term of ten years. At the conclusion of each term, they may be re-appointed for another term in office of ten years by the same process by which they were initially appointed.

134? csi;f vJe;f t,lc&H ;Hk ESihf +rKd @e,fw&m;ol}u;D rsm;. oufwrf;onf (10) ESpf jzpf&rnf? oufwrf;ukefqkH;aomtcg ,cif cef@tyfpOf enf;vrf; rsm;twkid ;f (10) ESpf oufwrf;twGuf jyefvnfcef@tyfEidk o f nf? 135. The Chief Justice of the Chinland High Court, the Associate Justices of the Chinland High Court, the 86

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Judges of the Appellate and Township Courts shall receive such salaries and allowances as may be provided by Chinland Legislature by law, except that a judge's salary and allowances may not be reduced during his or her term in office.

135? csif;vJef;w&m;&kH;csKyf. w&m;ol}uD;csKyf/ wJGzufw&m;ol}uD;rsm;/ t,lcH&kH;ESifh+rdK@e,fw&m;ol}uD;rsm;onf csif;vJef;Oya'jyKtzJG@. jyXmef;xm;aom vpmrsm;ESifhtusKd;cHpm;cGifhrsm;ukd cHpm;&&Sd&rnf? ok@d aomf ‚if;wk@d . oufwrf;twGi;f vpmrsm;ESit hf usK;d cHpm;cGirhf sm;ukd rav#mhayghap&? 136. Every Member of the Chinland High Court shall before taking his or her seat, make and subscribe, before Governor of the Chinland, an oath or affirmation to support the Constitution of the Federal Union and the Constitution of Chinland, and faithfully to discharge the duties of their respective offices to the best of their ability. Every Member of the Township or Appellate Courts shall before taking his or her seat, make and subscribe, before a judge of a court superior to his or her own, an oath or affirmation to support the Constitution of the Federal Union and the Constitution of Chinland, and faithfully to discharge the duties of their respective offices to the best of their ability.

136? csif;vJef;w&m;&kH;csKyf w&m;ol}uD;rsm;onf csif;vJef;tajccHOya' ESifhzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktajccHOya'rsm;ukd ‚if;wkd@. tpGrf;tp tm;vk;H jzifh umuG,af pmifah &Smufygrnft h a=umif; csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyf a&;rSL;a&S@arSmufwiG f *wdopd mP usr;f used &f rnf? t,lc&H ;Hk ESihf +rdK@e,f w&m;ol}u;D rsm;onf csi;f vJe;f tajccHOya'ESihf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk tajccHOya'rsm;ukd ‚if;wk@d . tpGr;f tptm;vk;H jzifh umuG,af pmifh a&Smufygrnfhta=umif; ‚if;wkd@w&m;&kH;xuftqifhjrifhaom w&m; ol}uD;wOD;OD;. a&S@arSmufwiG f *wdopd mP usr;f used &f rnf? 87

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137. All judicial officers provided for in this Constitution shall hold their offices until their successors shall be qualified.

137? TtajccHOya'YjyXmef;xm;onfh w&m;a&;qkid &f m0efxrf;tm;vk;H onf tpm;xk;d rnfo h rl sm; rcef@tyfoa&G@ wm0efxrf;aqmif&rnf? 138. All judicial officers, when not otherwise provided for in this Article, shall perform such judicial duties and receive such compensations as may be prescribed by law.

138? TtajccHOya'YjyXmef;xm;onfh w&m;a&;qkid &f m0efxrf;tm;vk;H onf tajccH O ya'jyXmef ; onf h wm0ef r sm;uk d xrf ; aqmif + yD ; tufOya'jyXmef;csut f & vcrsm;ESit hf usK;d cHpm;cGirhf sm; &&S&d rnf? 139. Except insofar as this Constitution or acts of the Chinland Legislature or the Chinland High Court's own rules provide otherwise, general administrative authority over all courts in Chinland shall be vested in the Chinland High Court and shall be exercised by the Chief Justice of the Chinland High Court. The Chief Justice of Chinland High Court shall be the executive head of all Courts in Chinland and may appoint the inferior administrative officers with the approval and consent of the Senate.

139? csif;vJef;tajccHOya' okd@r[kwf csif;vJef;Oya'jyKtzJG@u jyXmef; xm;aom tufOya' okd@r[kwf csif;vJef;w&m;&kH;csKyf. ukd,fykdif pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;u rwm;jrpfxm;v#if csi;f vJe;f w&m;&k;H rsm;. taxGaxG tkycf sKyfa&;qkid &f m tm%mrsm;onf csi;f vJe;f w&m;&k;H csKyf wGif wnf&+dS yD; csi;f vJe;f w&m;ol}uD;csKyfu pDrcH ef@c&GJ rnf? csi;f vJe;f w&m;ol}uD;csKyfonf csi;f vJe;f w&m;&k;H tm;vk;H . t}uD;tuJjzpf+yD; tkycf sKyfa&;t&m&Srd sm;ukd txufvw $ af wmf. qENEiS ahf xmufccH suf t& cef@tyf&rnf? 140. For the effectual administration of justice and the prompt disposition of judicial proceedings, the 88

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Chinland High Court may promulgate rules of practice and procedure for all courts, uniform as to each class of courts, not in conflict with laws governing such matters. To the same end, the court may, and when requested by the Chinland Legislature by joint resolution, shall certify to the Chinland Legislature, its conclusions as to desirable amendments or changes in the general laws governing such practice and proceedings.

140? csi;f vJe;f w&m;&k;H csKyfonf tusK;d oufa&mufr&_ adS om w&m;a&;qkid f &mtkycf sKyfrr_ sm; jzpfxeG ;f ap&efEiS hf w&m;a&;vkyx f ;Hk rsm; vsijf refpmG aqmif&u G Ef idk af p&ef w&m;&k;H tm;vk;H ESiq hf idk af om pnf;rsO;f vkyx f ;Hk rsm; ukd tqift h wef;tvku d f wlnaD pv#uf xko d @dk aom tkycf sKyfa&;udpP rsm;Y ruJjG ym;ap&ef jyXmef;csurf sm; jyKvky&f rnf? 141. The organization, jurisdiction, powers, proceedings, and practice of all courts of the same class or grade, so far as regulated by law, and the force and effects of the proceedings, judgments and decrees of such courts, severally, shall be uniform.

141? tufOya'u jyXmef;xm;v#if tqift h wef;ESit hf wef;tpm; wlnD aom w&m;&k;H tm;vk;H . zJ@G pnf;ykOH ya'tm%moufa&mufr/_ tm%m vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;ESifhusifhokH;ykH wlnD&rnf? w&m;&kH;rsm;. tm%m oufa&mufr/_ vkyx f ;Hk vkyef nf;/ w&m;qk;H jzwfrr_ sm;onf wlnaD p&rnf? 142. The High Court of Chinland shall have mandatory appellate jurisdiction in all cases in which a lower court has ruled a statute or action of the Chinland government to be unconstitutional or has imposed capital punishment. The High Court of Chinland shall have mandatory jurisdiction in all election contests involving state officers, and all cases in which foreign states, foreign nationals, the government of Chinland, the Federal Union, other states of the Federal Union, or citizens of the other states of the Fed89

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eral Union are a party, and the Chinland Legislature shall decide whether the Chinland High Court shall have original or appellate jurisdiction in these classes of cases.

142? csif;vJef;w&m;&kH;csKyfonf w&m;&kH;i,frsm;u csif;vJef;tpkd;&. Oya't&r[kwaf om vkyx f ;Hk vkyef nf;rsm;/ Oya' ok@d r[kwf ao'g%f csrw S jf cif;rsm;wGif rvkyrf ae&jzpfaom t,lcyH idk cf iG &hf o dS nf? csi;f vJe;f w&m;&kH;csKyfonf a&G;aumufyJGqkdif&m udpPrsm;Yjzpfap/ EkdifiHjcm; wkid ;f jynfrsm;ESiq hf idk af om tr_rsm;Yjzpfap/ Ekid if jH cm;om;rsm;/ csi;f vJe;f tpk;d &/ zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp/k zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k jynfe,fwck/ zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k wGi;f &Sd wjcm;jynfe,frsm;. trsK;d om;rsm; wGif rvkyrf ae&jzpfaom tm%m&So d nf? rlvESit hf ,lcyH idk cf iG q hf idk &f m Oya'ESihf ywfoufI csi;f vJe;f w&m;&k;H csKyfY &So d ifrh &So d ifu h dk csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G u jyXmef;&rnf? 143. The High Court of Chinland shall have other jurisdiction, mandatory or discretionary, original or appellate, as the Chinland Legislature shall provide by law.

143? csi;f vJe;f w&m;&k;H csKyfonf wjcm;aom w&m;pD&ifjcif;/ rvkyrf ae& (ok@d r[kw)f rdrb d momqk;H jzwfI vkyyf idk cf iG &hf adS om rl&if; (ok@d r[kw)f t,lcHjcif;ESifhqkdifaomudpPrsm;Y csif;vJef;Oya'jyKtzJG@u jyXmef; xm;onft h wkid ;f tm%m&S&d rnf? 144. The Township and Appellate Courts shall be courts of general jurisdiction. The Township Courts shall have mandatory original jurisdiction over all cases or controversies arising in their geographical jurisdictions, whether sounding in chancery, common law, statutory, civil, criminal, and constitutional law, or any other body of law. The Appellate Courts shall have mandatory appellate jurisdiction for all cases and controversies in the Township Courts. Every party shall have a right of one appeal from the Township to the Appellate Courts. 90

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144? +rdK@e,fw&m;&kH;rsm;ESifht,lcH&kH;rsm;onf taxGaxGw&m;pD&ifjcif; w&m;&kH;rsm;jzpf&rnf? +rdK@e,fw&m;&kH;rsm;onf rnfonfhtr_Yrqkd rlvw&m;pD&ifykdifcGifhukd ‚if;wkd@. a'oE W&qkdif&m w&m;pD&ifjcif;Y tjiif;yGm;r_rsm;/ oHwrefa&;&mrsm;/ trsm;ESifhqkdifaomOya'rsm;/ Oya'tjzpf jyXmef;xm;onfh Oya'rsm;/ w&m;rr_/ &mZ0wfr_ ESihf tajccHOya'qkid &f mrsm; ok@d r[kwf wjcm;Oya'rsm;Y rvkyrf ae& aom vkyyf idk cf iG &hf =dS uonf? t,lcw H &m;&k;H rsm;onf +rdK@e,fw&m;&k;H rsm;Y tjiif;yGm;r_jzpfaom tr_tm;vkH;wGif t,lcHjcif;ESifhqkdifaom w&m;pD&ifyidk cf iG &hf o dS nf? rnforl qkd +rdKd @e,fw&m;&k;H rS t,lc&H ;Hk ok@d r [kwf tenf;qk;H w}udrf t,lcyH idk cf iG hf &So d nf? 145. The Chief Justice of the Chinland High Court shall preside at all terms and sittings of the Chinland High Court, and in his or her absence or disability the Associate Justices present shall select one of their numbers to be Chief Justice protempore of the Chinland High Court.

145? csi;f vJe;f w&m;ol}uD;csKyfonf csi;f vJe;f w&m;&k;H csKyf. ppfaq;=um; em;r_tm;vkH;ukd OD;aqmifuGufuJ&rnf? tu,fI ysufuGufjcif;/ OD;aqmifuu G u f &J ef rwwfEidk jf cif;&Scd ahJ om wufa&muf=uaom w&m; ol}uD;rsm;xHrS ,m,Dw&m;ol}uD;csKyfudk a&G;cs,+f yD; =um;emppfaq;r_ ukd jyK&rnf? 146. Judges of the Chinland High Court, other than the Chief Justice, shall be addressed as Associate Justice of Chinland High Court.

146? csif;vJef;w&m;&kH;csKyfw&m;ol}uD;csKyfrSvJGI usef&Sdaom csif;vJef; w&m;&k;H csKyf. w&m;ol}uD;tzJ@G 0iftm;vk;H ukd “wJzG ufw&m;ol}uD; rsm;” [k ac:wGi&f rnf? 147. In cases in which a lower court has ruled a statute or action of the Chinland government to be unconstitutional or has imposed capital punishment, all (five) or (seven) justices of the High Court shall be necessary to constitute a quorum, and a majority of the 91

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justices sitting shall have authority to pronounce a decision. In such cases, in the event of the disability or disqualification by interest or otherwise of any of the Justices of the Chinland High Court, the Court may appoint Judges of the Township Court or the Appellate Court to sit temporarily as Justices of the Chinland High Court, sufficient to constitute a full court of (five) or (seven) Justices.

147? csi;f vJe;f w&m;&k;H i,frsm;u csi;f vJe;f tufOya' ok@d r[kwf tpk;d &. jyKrlaqmif&u G rf r_ sm; tajccHOya' ESirhf nD!w G [ f k qk;H jzwfcsrw S f v#if ok@d r[kwf ao'g%cf srw S v f #if w&m;ol}uD;tm;vk;H (5) OD; ok@d r [kwf (7) OD;teuf trsm;qENt& qkH;jzwfcsufcsEkdifonf? tu,fI ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;d a=umifh vpfvyfaeaom w&m;ol}uD;rsm;.ae&m ukd +rKd @e,f ok@d r[kwf t,lcw H &m;&k;H rsm;&Sd w&m;ol}u;D rsm;jzifh jynfe,f w&m;&k;H csKyfu ,m,Dcef@tyftpm;xk;d &rnf? 148. In all other cases, a majority of the Justices of Chinland High Court shall be necessary to constitute a quorum, and a majority of of the justices sitting shall have authority to pronounce a decision.

148? rnfonfhtr_rsm;Yrqkd csif;vJef;w&m;&kH;csKyf. w&m;ol}uD;rsm; trsm;pkyg0ifro S m w&m;pD&ifrj_ yK&rnfjzpf+yD; wufa&mufot l rsm;pk onf qk;H jzwfcsuaf =unmykid cf iG &hf o dS nf? 149. Whenever necessary for the prompt submission and determination of cases, because of vacancies on the High Court, the Chinland legislature may provide that any Justice of the Chinland High Court or Judge of an Appellate Court who has retired may be appointed by the governor to act as Justices of the Chinland High Court, so that the Court may have a full complement of (five) or (seven) Justices.

149? tcsdefrSDqkH;jzwfjcif;ESifhwifoGif;jcif;rsm; vkdtyfaomtcg ,m,D tpm;xkd;&ef csif;vJef;Oya'jyKtzJG@onf csif;vJef;tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;u 92

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t+idr;f pm;,l+yD;aom w&m;ol}uD;rsm;tm; ,m,Dcef@xm;ykid cf iG &hf adS p &rnfh tufOya'ukd jyXmef;v#uf csi;f vJe;f w&m;&k;H csKyfw&m;ol}u;D (5) OD; ok@d r[kwf (7) OD; t+rJ&adS p&rnf? 150. Whenever necessary for the prompt submission and determination of cases, because of vacancies on the High Court, the Governor of Chinland may appoint judges of the Township or Appellate Courts to act as Associate Justices of the Chinland High Court, sufficient in number, with the Justice of the Chinland High Court, to constitute a full court of (five) or (seven) Justices. Judges of the Township Court or the Appellate Court so appointed shall serve during the pleasure of the Governor of Chinland and shall have all the power of the Justices of the Chinland High Court. Judges so appointed shall serve for strictly temporary and emergency terms, until permanent Justices of the High Court may be confirmed to make up a full Court.

150? tr_rsm; tcsdefrSDqkH;jzwfjcif;ESifhwifoGif;jcif;rsm;&Sdap&ef csif;vJef; tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;onf csi;f vJe;f w&m;&k;H csKyf&dS vpfvyfaeaomae&mrsm; ukd +rdK@e,f ok@d r[kwf t,lc&H ;Hk w&m;ol}uD;rsm;jzifh ,m,Dtpm;xk;d cef@tyfum w&m;ol}uD; (5) OD; ok@d r[kwf (7) OD; t+rJ&adS p&rnf? +rdK@ e,f ok@d r[kwf t,lc&H ;Hk w&m;ol}uD;rsm;onf jynfe,fw&m;&k;H csKyf. wm0efrsm;ukd csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;u vkt d yfonf[k ,lqonf txd xrf;aqmifEidk o f nf? TuJo h @dk aom taetxm;Y cef@tyfc&H aom w&m;ol}uD;rsm;onf ,m,DEiS t hf a&;ay:tajctaetwGuf omjzpf+yD; w&m;ol}uD;rsm; wm0efjyefvnfxrf;aqmifEkdifonf tcsed t f xdomjzpfonf? 151. Whenever called to temporary service on the Chinland High Court by whatever process, Judges of the Township and Appellate Courts shall receive no additional salary by virtue of such appointment and service, but they shall be reimbursed their necessary traveling and lodging expenses. 93

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151? csif;vJef;w&m;&kH;csKyfu rnfonfhenf;jzifhrqdk ,m,Dwm0efxrf; aqmif&ef qifah c: jcif;cH&aomf +rdK@e,f (od@k ) t,lc&H ;kH w&m;ol}uD;rsm; onf xdo k @kd aomf ,m,Dwm0efxrf;aqmif&ef qifah c:cH&jcif;a=umif; tydkvpmrsm;r&&Sdap&? odk@aomf c&D;oGm;p&dwfESifhaexdkifp&dwfrsm; cHpm;cGi&hf adS p&rnf? 152. The Chief Justice shall assign the various Associate Justices to the various divisions of the Court, preside over the division of which he or she is a member, and designate the presiding judge of the other divisions. The Justices of the Chinland High Court sitting without division may review any decision rendered by a division of the Court.

152? csi;f vJe;f w&m;ol}uD;csKyfonf w&m;ol}uD;tzG@J 0ifrsm;udk w&m;&H;k . XmecGw J m0efrsm;cGaJ p+yD;/ rdryd g0ifaom w&m;XmecG. J =um;emr_rsm;udk OD;aqmifuGyfuJ&rnf? xdkodk@ csif;vJef;w&m;&Hk;.XmecGJ wm0efay; tyfjcif;r&Sad om w&m;ol}uD;rsm;onf w&m;&H;k cGXJ mersm;. qH;k jzwf csurf sm;udk jyefvnfqef;ppf&rnf? 153. The Chief Justice and Associate Justices of the Chinland High Court shall reside at the place where the Chinland High Court is located, and no Chief Justice or Associate Justices of the Chinland High Court shall be deemed thereby to have lost his or her residence at the place from which he or she was selected. The offices of the Chief Justice of Chinland and Associate Justices of the Chinland High Court shall be at the place where the Chinland High Court is located.

153? csif;vJef;w&m;&Hk;csKyf. w&m;ol}uD;csKyfESifhw&m;ol}uD;tzGJ@0ifrsm; onf csi;f vJe;f w&m;&H;k csKyf wnf&o dS nfah e&mwGif aexdik &f rnf? od@k aomf xdkodk@aexdkifjcif;tm;jzifh w&m;ol}uD;csKyfESifh w&m;ol}uD; tzG@J 0ifrsm;. rlva&G;aumufc&H m rJqENe,f.aexdik cf iG u hf kd r&_;H qH;k ap&? 94

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154. The Judges of the Appellate Courts shall reside at the place where the Appellate Court is located, and no Appellate Court judge shall be deemed thereby to have lost his or her residence at the place from which he or she was selected. The offices of the Appellate Court Judges shall be located at the place where the Appellate Court is located.

154? t,lc&H ;kH rsm;. w&m;ol}uD;rsm;oonf t,lc&H ;kH wnf&&dS mae&mwGif aexdik &f rnf? od@k aomf xdo k @dk aexdik jf cif; tm;jzifh ‚if;.rlva&G;aumuf cH&m rJqENe,f aexdkifcGifhudk r&_H;qHk;ap&? t,lcH&Hk;.w&m;ol}uD; rsm;onf t,lcrH sm; wnf&&dS mwGif aexdik &f ;kH xdik &f rnf? 155. The Judges of the Township Court shall reside and keep his or her office in the Township for which he or she was appointed. If a Township Court judge was appointed for a particular village, he or she shall reside and keep his or her office in that village.

155? +rdK@e,fw&m;ol}uD;rsm;onf ‚if;wdk@cef@tyfjcif;cH&aom +rdK@e,f w&m;&H;k rsm;wnf&&dS mwGif aexdik &f rnf? tu,fI +rKd @e,fw&m;ol}u;D onf aus;&GmwckwiG f wm0efay;jcif;cH&v#if ‚if;wm0efay;jcif;cH &aom aus;&GmwGif aexdik &f ;kH xdik f &rnf? 156. During the term of their judicial service, no Justice of the High Court or Judge of the Appellate or Township Courts shall act as an attorney or lawyer or counselor at law in any manner whatsoever.

156? w&m;a&;wm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifpOfumvY jynfe,ft,lc&H ;kH ESihf +rdK@e,fw&m;ol}uD;rsm;onf/ a&S@ae (od@k ) Oya' tusK;d aqmifjcif;rsm; udk rnfo@kd aomenf;jzifjh zpfap rjyK&? 157. The Chinland Legislature shall provide for a Commission on Judicial Qualifications consisting of (1) three Judges, including one Appellate Court Judge, one Township Court Judge, and one Judge of any other court inferior to the High Court, all of whom shall be 95

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appointed by the Chief Justice of the Chinland High Court; (2) three members of the Chinland Bar Association who shall have practiced law in Chinland for at least ten years and who shall be appointed by the Executive Council of the Chinland Bar Association; (3) three citizens of Chinland, none of whom shall be a Judge of any Court in Chinland, active or retired, nor a member of the Chinland Bar Association, and who shall be appointed by the Governor of Chinland; and (4) the Chief Justice of the High Court, who shall serve as its chairperson.

157? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzG@J onf w&m;a&;t&nftcsi;f qdik &f m aumfr&Siu f kd (1)? t,lcH&Hk;w&m;ol}uD;wOD;/ +rdK@e,fw&m;ol}uD;wOD;/ jynfe,f w&m;&H;k csKyfw&m;ol}uD;xuf&mxl;i,faom w&m;ol}uD;u cef@tyf I vnf;aumif; (2)? csi;f vJe;f Oya'tusK;d aqmifrsm;toif;. A[kd tvkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J u csi;f vJe;f Oya'wm0ef (10) ESpf tenf;qH;k xrf;aqmifcahJ om toif;0if (3) OD;udk cef@tyfIvnf;aumif; (3)? csi;f vJe;f w&m;&H;k rsm;Y w&m;a&;wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;r&Scd b hJ ;l aom/ csi;f vJe;f Oya'tusK;d aqmifrsm;toif;Y tzG@J 0if rjzpfczhJ ;l aom (3) OD;udk csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;u cef@tyfIvnf;aumif; (4)? csi;f vJe;f w&m;ol}uD;csKyfu Taumfr&Sif. OuUXwm0efxrf;aqmifzGJ@pnf; &rnf? 158. The Commission on Judicial Qualifications shall act by a vote of the majority of its members and no action of the Commission shall be valid unless concurred in by a majority of its members.

158? w&m;a&;t&nftcsi;f qkid &f maumfr&Sio f nf aumfrw D 0D iftrsm;pk. qENjzifh udpPt00wGif rJay;qHk;jzwf&rnf? aumfr&Sif. rnfonfh vkyaf qmifcsurf qdak umfr&Sit f zG@J 0iftrsm;pk. oabmwlnrD [kwf v#if twnfrjzpfap&ef? 159. Any Judge of any court of Chinland, including Justices of the High Court, may be reprimanded, disci96

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plined, censured, suspended without pay for a definite period of time, not to exceed six months, or removed from office for (a) willful misconduct in office, (b) willful disregard of or failure to perform his or her duties, (c) habitual intemperance, (d) conviction of a crime involving moral turpitude, (e) disbarment as a member of the legal profession licensed to practice law in Chinland or (f) conduct prejudicial to the administration of justice that brings the judicial office into disrepute. Any judge of any court of Chinland may be retired for physical or mental disability seriously interfering with the performance of his or her duties if such disability is determined to be permanent or reasonably likely to become permanent.

159? csi;f vJe;f w&m;&H;k . w&m;ol}uD; rnforl qdk csi;f vJe;f w&m;&H;k csKyf. w&m;ol}uD;rnforl qd/k owday;jcif;/ qH;k ryJjh yif/ ppfaq;jzwfawmuf jcif;/ vcrygyJ ajcmufvxufrydak omumvtxd wm0efr&S yfqikd ;f ap jcif; (od@k ) &mxl;rS z,f&mS ;jcif;rsm;udk (u) w&m;&H;k rsm;. pnf;rsO;f rsm; wrifwum}uH&, G cf sujf zifh csK;d azmufjcif;/ ‚if;.wm0efrsm;udk wrif wum}uH&, G cf sujf zifh xrf;aqmif&efcsK;d azmufjcif;/ pdw"f gw, f w k n f hH jcif;ESihf oufqikd af om jypfru _ sL;vGejf cif;a=umifh jypf'%fay;cH&jcif;/ csif;vJef;twGif;Y Oya'wm0efxrf;aqmif&ef wm;jrpfcH&jcif;/ csi;f vJe;f w&m;&H;k rsm;. *k%o f u d mQ Ed;_ !Ge;f aprnfjh yKr_aqmif&u G cf jhJ cif; rsm; jyKjcif;cHEikd o f nf? csi;f vJe;f w&m;&H;k rsm;. w&m;ol}uD; rnforl qdk cE<mudk,f (odk@) pdwf"gwftiftm;rpGrf;aqmifEdkifjcif;a=umifh tcsdef umv=um&Snpf mG wm0efrxrf;aqmifEikd &f ef cdik v f v kH #if t+idr;f pm;,l cGi&hf o dS nf? 160. Any citizen of Chinland may request the Commission on Judicial Qualifications to investigate any judge of any court of Chinland for failure to conform to the standards of judicial behavior set out in this section. Upon such request, the commission shall make 97

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such investigation as the commission deems necessary and shall, upon a finding of probable cause, appoint a person who shall investigate and hold a formal open hearing to take evidence in any such matter, and to report to the Commission. If after considering the record and report of the investigator, the commission finds that the charges are established by clear and convincing evidence, it shall recommend to the High Court that the judge involved shall be reprimanded, disciplined, censured, suspended without pay for a definite period of time not to exceed six months, removed, or retired as the case may be.

160? csif ; vl r sKd ; rnf o l r qd k csif ; vJ e f ; w&m;&H k ; w&m;ol } uD ; wOD ; OD ; . TtajccHOya'yg owfrw S cf surf sm;. nD!w G rf _ (od@k ) vdu k af vsmnD axGr_ r&Sad =umif;,lqv#if csi;f vJe;f w&m;a&; t&nftcsi;f qdik &f m aumfr&Sifodk@ pHkprf;ppfaq;r_ jyKvkyf&ef awmif;qdkEdkifonf? xdkodk@ av#mufxm;csufrsm;tay:aumfr&Sifu vdktyfonf[k ,lqv#if pHpk rf;ppfaq;r_rsm; jyKvky+f yD; ppfaq;pHpk rf;r_rsm;. awG@&cdS surf sm;tay: vdt k yfaom=um;emr_rsm;jyKvky&f ef wpHw k a,muftm; cef@xm;um aumfr&Sio f @kd wifjy&ef wm0efay;&rnf? tu,fI oufaotaxmuf txm;rsm;ESihf pHpk rf;awG@&rdS r_ sm;u cdik v f akH om taxmuftxm;rsm; jyaev#if aumfr&Sio f nf csi;f vJe;f w&m;&H;k csKyfu Ttr_Y oufqikd f aom w&m;ol}uD;tm; owday;jcif;/ qHk;ryJhjyifjcif;/ ppfaq;jzwf awmufjcif;/ vpmrygyJ ajcmufvxufrydak omumv txdwm0efrS &yfpaJ pjcif;/ t+idr;f pm;ay;jcif;rsm;udk tr_EiS t hf nD ay;Edik o f nf? 161. The High Court shall review the record of the proceedings and in its discretion may permit the introduction of additional evidence. The High Court shall make such determination as it finds just and proper, and may order reprimand, discipline, censure, suspension, removal, or retirement of such judge, or may wholly reject the recommendation to sanction 98

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such judge. Upon an order for removal, the judge shall be removed from office, his or her salary shall cease from the date of such order, and he or she shall be ineligible for future judicial office. Suspension shall not create a vacancy in the office of Justice of the High Court or other judge.

161? csi;f vJe;f w&m;&H;k csKyfonf w&m;&H;k rsm;. jyKvkyaf qmif&u G jf cif;rsm;udk jyefvnfppfaq;Edkif+yD;/ ‚if;.vkyfydkifcGifht& tydkjznfhpGufxm;aom taxmuftxm;rsm;xnfo h iG ;f cGiu hf kd ay;Edik o f nf? csi;f vJe;f w&m;&H;k csKyfonf xdo k akd om qk;jzwfcsurf sm;udk ‚if;.awG@&cdS surf sm; w&m; rSeu f efoifah v#mo f nf[k ,lqv#io f wday;jcif;/ qH;k ryJjh yifjcif;/ ppfaq; jzwfawmufjcif;/ &yfqikd ;f apjcif;/ z,f&mS ;jzif; (od@k ) t+idr;f pm;ay;jcif; rsm;udk oufqikd af omw&m;ol}uD;tay: jyKr_jcif; (od@k ) xdo k @kd jyKr_&ef trde@f uv#iu f sjcif; oufqikd af omw&m;ol}u;D rsm;udk csujf cif;wm0ef rS z,f&mS ;&rnfjzpf+yD;/ ‚if;.vpmESihf tusK;d cHpm;cGirhf sm;udk csujf cif; jzwfawmuf&rnft h jyif tem*gww f iG f w&H;k &H;k Y xrf;aqmifjcif; r&Sd ap&? xdo k @kd z,f&mS ;jcif;a=umifh csi;f vJe;f w&m;&H;k csKyf. w&m;ol}uD; ae&mrsm;vpfvyfjcif; r&Sad p&? 162. No Justice of the High Court or other judge shall participate, as a member of the Commission, or as a master, or as a member of the High Court, in any proceedings involving his or her own reprimand, discipline, censure, suspension, removal, or retirement.

162? csi;f vJe;f w&m;&H;k csKyfw&m;ol}uD;jzpfap/ wjcm;w&m;ol}uD; rnfol rqdjk zpfap/ ‚if;tm;owday;jcif;/ qH;k ryJjh yifjcif;/ ppfaq;jzwfawmuf jcif;/ &yfqikd ;f apjcif;/ z,f&mS ;jcif;/ t+ird ;f pm;,lapjcif;ESihf ygwo f uf aom aumfr&SiftzGJ@0if (odk@) wm0efcHol (odk@) w&m;&Hk;csKyfw&m;ol}uD; tzGJ@0iftjzpfyg0ifjcif;r&Sdap&?

csif;trsdK;om;rsm;pk&yf

ADMISTRATIVE

tkycf sKyfa&; (pDrcH ef@cJaG &;) 163. The courts of Chinland shall have the power of judicial review to enforce the provisions of this section; the courts of Chinland shall therefore review the actions of all departments of government and government officials for conformity to these provisions. Any decision of the High Court in the interpretation of these provisions shall be final and binding on the parties to that decision and on all of the people of Chinland, including departments of the government and government officials.

163? csi;f vJe;f . w&m;&k;H rsm;onf T zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya' yk'rf rsm;tay: Oya't&csrw S x f m;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnfo;Hk oyf &ef w&m;&k;H . vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mjzifh jynfvnfo;Hk oyfyidk cf iG &hf o dS nf? csif;vJef;. w&m;&kH;rsm;onf tpkd;&Xmersm;ESifh 0efxrf;rsm;. vkyfaqmifr_rsm;tay: Oya't&csrSwfxm;onfh qkH;jzwfcsufukd jyefvnfokH;oyf&ef w&m;&kH;. vkyfykdifcGifhtm%mjzifh jynfvnf okH;oyfykdifcGifh&Sdonf? T zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'yk'fr tay: csif;vJef;w&m;&Hk;rsm;. Oya't&csrSwfxm;onfh qkH;jzwfcsufukd jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&ef w&m;&k;H . vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mjzifh jyefvnfo;Hk oyf t"dy`g,fzGifhqkdcsufrsm;onf aemufqkH;jzpf+yD; oufqkdifaom tzJG@ tpnf;/ csif; jynfoltm;vkH;/ tpkd;&Xmersm;ESifh 0efxrf;rsm;tay: Oya'uJo h @kd tm%moufa&mufonf? 164. The qualified electors of Chinland shall, at the times and places of choosing the Governor every five years, elect a Secretary General of Chinland, Treasurer General of Chinland, Advocate General of Chinland, Auditor General of Chinland, and Commissioner of Civil Services. OR: The Governor of Chinland shall appoint the Secretary General of Chinland, Treasurer 100

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General of Chinland, Advocate General of Chinland, Auditor General of Chinland, and Commissioner of Chinland, with the consent and approval of the Chinland Legislative Assembly for five year terms.

164? csif;vJef;&Sd rJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdolrsm;onf ig;ESpfv#ifw}udrf csif;vJef; tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;ukd a&G;aumufcsed af &G;aumuf&mY csi;f vJe;f twGi;f a&; rSL;/ csi;f vJe;f bÀma&;rSL;/ csi;f vJe;f a&S@aerSL;/ csi;f vJe;f pm&if;ppfrLS ;/ jynfo0l efxrf;qkid &f m aumfr&Sirf LS ;wk@d udk a&G;cs,&f rnf? ok@d r[kwf csif ; vJ e f ; tk y f c sKyf a &;rS L ;onf csif ; vJ e f ; Oya'jyKtzJ G @ . qEN E S i f h oabmwlncD sujf zifh csi;f vJe;f twGi;f a&;rSL;/ csi;f vJe;f bÀma&;rSL;/ csif;vJef;a&S@aerSL;/ csif;vJef;pm&if;ppfrSL;/ jynfol0efxrf;qkdif&m aumfr&Sirf LS ;wk@d udk a&G;cs,cf ef@xm;&rnf? 165. The Secretary General of Chinland shall carefully keep and preserve the records of all the official acts and proceedings of the Governor, Senate, and House of Preventatives, and when required, lay the same before either branch of the Legislature, and perform such other duties as are enjoined by this Constitution or otherwise required by law. In the performance of his or her duties, the Secretary General of Chinland shall have the right of audience in all Legislative and Executive functions.

165? csif;vJef;twGif;a&;rSL;onf tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;/ txufv$wfawmf/ atmufv$wfawmfwkd@. rSwfwrf;tm;vkH;ukd aocsmpGmxdrf;odrf; &rnfjzpf+yD; tu,fI awmif;qkjd cif;jyKygu Oya'jyKtzJ@G wckcx k o H @dk wifjy&rnfhtjyif TtajccHOya'ESifh wjcm;tufOya'rsm;u jyXmef;onfhtwkdif; wm0efukdxrf;aqmif&rnf? ‚if;.wm0efukd xrf;aqmifaepOfwiG f csi;f vJe;f taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;onf Oya' jyKv$waf wmf tpnf;ta0;ESihf tkycf sKyfa&; tpnf;ta0;rsm;ukd wuf a&mufEidk o f nf? 166. The Treasurer General of Chinland shall carefully keep and preserve the records of all revenues of the 101

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Government of Chinland, make such records publicly available, and perform such other duties as are enjoined by this Constitution or otherwise required by law. In the performance of his or her duties, the Treasurer General of Chinland shall have the right of audience in all Legislative and Executive functions.

166? csi;f vJe;f b¾ma&;rSL;onf csi;f vJe;f tcGeb f ¾mESiq hf idk af om pm&if; tm;vk;H ukd aocsmpGm xdr;f odr;f +yD; ‚if;pm&if;Z,m;rsm; trsm;jynfol twGuf =unf&h @_ Eidk &f ef TtajccHOya'ESihf wjcm;tufOya'rsm;u jyXmef;onfhtwkdif; vkyfaqmif&rnf? ‚if;.wm0efukd xrf;aqmif aepOfwGif csif;vJef;b¾ma&;rSL;onf Oya'jyKv$wfawmftpnf; ta0;ESihf tkycf sKyfa&;tpnf;ta0;rsm;ukd wufa&mufEidk o f nf? 167. The Advocate General of Chinland shall give advice to the Government of Chinland upon such legal matters, and shall perform such other duties of a legal character, as may from time to time be referred to him by the Governor of Chinland, and he or she shall perform such other duties as are enjoined by this Constitution or otherwise required by law. In the performance of his or her duties, the Advocate General of Chinland shall have the right of audience in all courts in the territory of Chinland.

167? csi;f vJe;f a&S@aerSL;onf csi;f vJe;f tpk;d &ukd Oya'a&;&moufqidk af om udp&P yfrsm;Y csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;u ay;tyfxm;aom udprP sm;wGif t}uHay;&rnf? ‚if;tjyif TtajccHOya' ESiw hf jcm;tufOya'rsm; u jyXmef;onft h wkid ;f wm0efudk xrf;aqmif&rnf? ‚if;.wm0efudk xrf;aqmifaepOfwiG f csi;f vJe;f a&S@aerSL;onf Oya'jyKtzJ@G EiS t hf yk cf sKyf a&;tpnf;ta0;rsm;ukd wufa&mufEidk o f nf? 168. The Auditor General of Chinland shall carefully keep and preserve the records of all the finance accounts of the Government of Chinland, make such records publicly available, and perform such other duties as 102

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are enjoined by this Constitution or otherwise required by law. In the performance of his or her duties, the Auditor General of Chinland shall have the right of audience in all Legislative and Executive functions.

168? csif;vJef;pm&if;ppfrSL;onf csif;vJef;tpkd;&.bÀma&;ppfwrf;ESifh qkid af om pm&if;Z,m;tm;vk;H ukd trsm;jynfot l wGuf &&SEd idk af p&ef TtajccHOya'ESifhwjcm;tufOya'rsm;twkdif; vkyfaqmif&rnf? ‚if;.wm0efrsm;ukd xrf;aqmifpOfwGif csif;vJef;pm&if;ppfrSL;onf Oya'jyKv$waf wmftpnf;ta0;ESit hf yk cf sKyfa&;qkid &f m tpnf;ta0; rsm;ukd wufa&mufEidk o f nf? 169. The Commissioner of Civil Service shall administer the Civil Services as provided in this Constitution and by other laws, and he or she shall perform such other duties as are enjoined by this Constitution or otherwise required by law. In the performance of his or her duties, the Commissioner of Civil Services shall have the right of audience in all Legislative and Executive functions.

169? jynfol@0efxrf;qkdif&maumfr&SifrSL;onf jynfol@0efxrf;a&;&mESifh qkdifaomvkyfief;rsm;ukd TtajccHOya'jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh tuf Oya'rsm;t& }uD;=uyfuu G u f J pDrt H yk cf sKyf&rnf? ‚if;.wm0efrsm;ukd xrf;aqmifpOf jynfol@0efxrf;qkdif&maumfr&SifrSL;onf Oya'jyK v$waf wmftpnf;ta0;ESihf tkycf sKyfa&;qkid &f m tpnf;ta0;rsm;ukd wufa&mufEidk o f nf? 170. The Secretary General of Chinland, Treasurer General of Chinland, Advocate General of Chinland, Auditor General of Chinland, and Commissioner of Civil Services shall attend the Governor, Senate and House of Representatives, in person or by their deputies, as they shall require.

170? csi;f vJe;f twGi;f a&;rSL;csKyf/ csi;f vJe;f b¾ma&;rSL;csKyf/ csi;f vJe;f a&S@ae csKyf/ csi;f vJe;f pm&if;ppfcsKyf/ csi;f vJe;f jynfo@l 0efxrf;a&;&mcsKyfw@dk onf 103

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tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;/ csif;vJef;txufv$wfawmfESifh atmufv$wfawmf tpnf;ta0;rsm;ukd ‚if;wk@d uk, d w f idk f ok@d r[kwf ‚if;wk@d .vufaxmuf rsm;jzifh awmif;qk! d e$ =f um;csut f wkid ;f wuf&rnf? 171. The Chinland Legislature may make such rules regarding the powers, duties, privileges, and compensation of the Secretary General of Chinland, Treasurer General of Chinland, Advocate General of Chinland, Auditor General of Chinland, and Commissioner of Civil Services as may be needful and consistent with the letter and spirit of this Constitution.

171? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf tm%m/ wm0ef/ tcGit hf a&;/ tusK;d cHpm; cGifhqkdif&m tufOya'rsm;ukd csif;vJef;twGif;a&;rSL;csKyf/ csif;vJef; b¾ma&;rSL;csKyf/ csi;f vJe;f a&S@aecsKyf/ csi;f vJe;f pm&if;ppfcsKyf/ csi;f vJe;f jynfo@l 0efxrf;a&;&mcsKyfw@dk twGuf TtajccHOya'. tESpo f m& rysuaf pyJ a&;qJjG yXmef;&rnf? CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION

jynfo@l 0efxrf;aumfr&Sif 172. The Legislative Assembly of Chinland shall have the power and responsibility to execute this section in appropriate ways. This section shall not be judicially reviewable by the courts of Chinland, but this section may provide interpretive guidance for the provisions of this constitution that are judicially reviewable.

172? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf Ttcef;ygtajccHOya'rsm;ukd oifah v#mf atmif tok;H csEidk &f ef wm0ef0wW&m;&So d nf? Ttcef;ygOya'yk'rf rsm;ukd csi;f vJe;f w&m;&k;H rsm;. Oya't& jyefvnfo;Hk oyfjcif; rjyK& apumrl TOya'yk'rf rsm;ukd Oya'bmomjyef&mwGif vrf;!$et f jzpf Oya't& bmomjyefI&aom Oya'rsm;twGuf tok;H jyKEkid o f nf? 104

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173. The Chinland Legislature shall establish and ordain a Civil Service Commission of Chinland.

173? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf jynfo@l 0efxrf;qkid &f maumfr&Siu f dk jyXmef; zJ@G pnf;&rnf? 174. The Civil Service shall conduct the Civil Service examination based on merit and reservation as the Chinland Legislature may provide by law.

174? jynfo@l 0efxrf;qkid &f maumfr&Sio f nf 0efxrf;a&G;cs,af &;pmar;yJrG sm; ukjd yKvky+f yD; t&nftcsi;f tvku d Ef iS hf csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G u jyXmef; xm;onfh &mxm;csurf sm;twkid ;f aqmif&u G &f rnf? 175. The Chinland Legislature shall provide by law for the Civil Service Commission's Rights, Privileges, Responsibilities, Duties and Impeachment from time to time.

175? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf jynfo@l 0efxrf;qkid &f maumfr&Si. f tcGihf ta&;rsm;/ &ykid cf iG rhf sm;/ 0wW&m;rsm;. wm0efrsm;ESizhf ,f&mS ;jcif;qkid &f m tufOya'ukd jyXmef;&rnf? IMPEACHMENT

&mxl;rS z,f&mS ;jcif; 176. The House of Representatives shall have power to impeach any Member of the Senate and all officials who are appointed to public office by the consent and approval of the Senate.

176? atmufv$wfawmfonf txufv$wfawmftrwfrsm;ESifh txuf v$waf wmf. qENEiS o hf abmwlncD sujf zifh cef@tyfxm;aom tpk;d & 0efxrf;rnforl qkd &mxl;rS z,f&mS ;ykid cf iG &hf o dS nf? 177. The Senate shall have power to impeach any member of the House of Representatives and all 105

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officials appointed to public office by the consent and approval of the House of Representatives.

177? txufv$wfawmfonf atmufv$wfawmftrwfrsm;ESifhatmuf v$waf wmf. qENEiS o hf abmwlncD sujf zifh cef@tyfxm;aom tpk;d & 0efxrf;rnforl qkd &mxl;rS z,f&mS ;ykid cf iG &hf o dS nf? 178. When sitting for impeachment purposes, the Members of the House of Representatives and the Senate shall be on oath or affirmation. No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of at least two-thirds of the members present.

178? &mxl;rS z,f&Sm;jcif;ESifhywfoufI pnf;a0;csdefwGif atmufv$wf awmfESifhtxufv$wfawmftrwfrsm;onf *wdusrf;usdefjcif;ukd jyK&rnf? rnforl qkd ok;H ykEH pS yf . Hk oabmwlncD surf &Sv d #if &mxl;rS rxkwyf ,f&? 179. The Senate and the House of Representatives together shall have power to impeach the Governor of Chinland, Lieutenant Governor of Chinland, Secretary General of Chinland, Treasurer General of Chinland, Advocate General of Chinland, Auditor General of Chinland, or the Commissioner of Civil Services, with the concurrence of two-thirds of those present in each house. When the Governor is impeached, the Chief Justice of Chinland High Court shall preside.

179? txufv$wfawmfESifhatmufv$wfawmf ESpf&yfaygif;+yD; csif;vJef; tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;/ 'kwd,csif;vJef;tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;/ csif;vJef;twGif;a&; rSL;csKyf/ csif;vJef;bÂ¾ma&;rSL;csKyf / csif;vJef;a&S@aecsKyf/ csif;vJef; pm&if;ppfcsKyf okd@r[kwf jynfol@0efxrf;qkdif&m aumfr&SifcsKyfwkd@ukd v$wfawmfwckpDrS okH;ykHESpfykHwufa&mufol trsm;qENjzifh &mxl;rS z,f&Sm;Ekdifonf? csif;vJef;tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;tm; &mxl;rSz,f&Sm;&ef jzpfv#if csi;f vJe;f w&m;ol}uD;csKyfu obmywdvyk &f rnf?

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180. In any and all impeachment proceedings, the accused officeholder shall be impeached only for gross and pertinacious abuse of the powers of his or her office. No-one may be impeached because of policy disagreements with another government body or officeholder. Judges may not review impeachment proceedings, but those conducting impeachment proceedings are enjoined to act in the strictest good faith.

180? rnfonf&h mxl;rS z,f&mS ;jcif; vkyaf qmifrY_ rqkd tpGypf cGJ &H olonf }uD;av;I odomxif&Sm;aom wm0ef0wW&m;csKd;azmufr_&SdrSom &mxl;rS z,f&mS ;&rnf? rnforl qkd wjcm;Xme ok@d r[kwf yk*K~ v d Ef iS hf ay:vpDa&;&moabmxm; uJv G rGJ a_ =umifh &mxl;rS z,f&mS ;jcif;r&Sad p&? w&m;ol}uD;rsm;onf &mxl;rSz,f&mS ;jcif;vkyaf qmifrr_ sm;ukd jyefvnf ppfaq;jcif; rjyKap&umrl xko d @dk aom &mxl;rS z,f&mS ;jcif;vkyaf qmif r_rsm;ukd tqift h wef;jrifrh m;pGmjzifh vkyaf qmif&rnf? 181. The Governor, and all other executive, legislative, and administrative officers, shall be liable to impeachment; but judgment in such cases shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold any office of honor, trust or profit under the state. This provision does not, however, forbid separate judicial proceedings in which the party impeached is subject to civil suit, indictment, trial and punishment according to law.

181? csif;vJef;tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;tygt0if tkyfcsKyfa&;t&m&Sdrsm;/ Oya'jyK tzJ@G u t&m&Srd sm;tm;vk;H ukd &mxl;rSz,f&mS ;Ekid o f nf? ok@d aomf xku d pd P rsm;Y pD&ifcsucf srw S jf cif;rsm;onf &mxl;rSz,f&mS ;jcif;/ wjcm;vkyif ef; aqmifwmrsm;Y 0ifa&mufxrf;aqmifjcif;/ csi;f vJe;f ESio hf ufqidk af om tusK;d tjrwf&o dS nfv h yk if ef;rsm;Y xrf;aqmifjcif;wk@d udk rwm;jrpfap&? okd@aomf TOya'yk'frrsm;onf oD;jcm;t&yfzufpJGqkdr_/ qifhac:r_/ &kH;wifr_ESifh w&m;Oya't& jypf'g%fuscHap&efwkd@twGuf oD;jcm; w&m;pJq G rdk r_ sm;ukd rwm;jrpfap&? 107

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LOCAL GOVERNMENT

a'oE &W tpk;d & 182. The courts of Chinland shall have the power of judicial review to enforce the provisions of this section; the courts of Chinland shall therefore review the actions of all departments of government and government officials for confor mity to these provisions. Any decision of the High Court in the interpretation of these provisions shall be final and binding on the parties to that decision and on all of the people of Chinland, including departments of the government and government officials.

182? csif;vJef;. w&m;&kH;rsm;onf Tyk'frrsm;tay: Oya't&csrSwf xm;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&ef w&m;&k;H . vkyyf idk cf iG hf tm%mjzifh jynfvnfokH;oyfykdifcGifh&Sdonf? csif;vJef;. w&m;&kH; rsm;onf tpkd;&Xmersm;ESifh 0efxrf;rsm;. vkyfaqmifr_rsm;tay: Oya't&csrw S x f m;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&ef w&m;&k;H . vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mjzifh jynfvnfo;Hk oyfyidk cf iG &hf o dS nf? Tyk'rf tay: csif;vJef;w&m;&Hk;rsm;. Oya't&csrSwfxm;onfh qkH;jzwfcsufukd jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&ef w&m;&k;H . vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mjzifh jyefvnfo;Hk oyf t"dy`g,fzGifhqkdcsufrsm;onf aemufqkH;jzpf+yD; oufqkdifaomtzJG@ tpnf;/ csif; jynfoltm;vkH;/ tpkd;&Xmersm;ESifh 0efxrf;rsm;tay: Oya'uJo h @kd tm%moufa&mufonf? Version (A) 183. The Chinland Legislative Assembly shall have the power, at its discretion, to provide by law for the creation, organization, administration, consolidation, division and dissolution of Local Government units and their functions, for the change of boundaries thereof, for their elective and appointive officers 108

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including qualifications for office, for the issuance of charters of local governments, and for the funding of those governments. To the extent possible, the Chinland Legislative Assembly shall draw Local Government boundaries so as to follow cultural, dialectal, and/or traditional administrative lines. OR:

tqkjd yKcsuf (u) 183? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf a'oE &W tpk;d &e,fajrrsm; owfrw S jf cif;/ pnf;&k;H zJ@G pnf;jcif;/ tkycf sKyfjcif;/ aygi;f pnf;jcif;/ cJjG cm;jcif;/ &kwo f rd ;f jcif;/ ponfw@dk EiS fh ‚if;a'oE &W tpk;d &rsm;. vkyif ef;/ e,ferdwo f wfrw S f cJGjcm;jcif;/ a&G;aumufjcif;ESihf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufykdifcGifh&Sdjcif;/ a'oE W&tpkd;&rsm;. pnf;rsOf;xkH;wrf;rsm;jyXmef;jcif;ESifh ‚if; a'oE W&tpkd;&rsm;. bÀmaiGaxmufyHhjcif;qkdif&m Oya'rsm;jyK &rnf? tjzpfEkdifqkH;tajctaet& csif;vJef;Oya'jyKtzJG@onf a'oE &W tpk;d & e,ferdwrf sm;ukd ,Ofaus;r_/ bmompum;ESihf ok@d r[kwf &k;d &mtkycf sKyfa&;e,ferdwrf sm;ukd tajccHI a&;qJ&G rnf? Version (B) 184. Consistent with the rights and powers of Local Governments specified in this Constitution, the Chinland Legislative Assembly may provide for the creation, organization, and regulation of Local Governments, to be called Townships.

tqkjd yKcsuf (c) 184? TtajccHOya'Y jyXmef;xm;aom a'oE W&tpkd;&rsm;. tcGifh ta&;/ tm%mrsm;ESiv hf u dk af vsmnDaxGpmG csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf owfrSwfzJG@pnf;jcif;/ pnf;&kH;zJG@pnf;jcif;ESifh a'oE W&tpkd;&rsm;tm; +rdK@e,frsm;tjzpf zJ@G pnf;jcif;rsm;ukd jyKvkyEf idk o f nf? 109

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185. These Township governments shall have the following names and boundaries: ETC.

185? +rKd @e,ftpk;d &rsm;onf atmufygemrnfrsm;ESiehf ,ferdwrf sm;jzifh zJ@G pnf; &rnf? (u-c-* +rdK@e,frsm; -- rS --xd e,ferdwrf sm;)? 186. The Chinland Legislature may not change a Township's boundary until approved in each Township affected by a majority of the voters voting on the question.

186? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf oufqidk &f m+rKd @e,ftwGi;f aexkid =f uolrsm; . trsm;pkqENt& r[kwv f #if +rdK@e,f e,ferdwrf sm;ukd rajymif;vJ&? 187. Any Township unit may adopt a Township Charter to prescribe its own form of government. A Charter shall become effective if approved by a majority of the voters of the Township.

187? +rdK@e,ftpk;d &wckpo D nf â&#x20AC;&#x161;if;wk@d +rdK@e,ftpk;d &zJ@G pnf;ykrH sm;ukd jyefwrf; a&;qJjG yXmef;&rnf? 188. If a Township Charter provides for the consolidation or separation of a Township, in whole or in part, it shall not be effective without approval of a majority of the voters in the remainder of the Township. A Charter may be amended in the same manner in which it was adopted.

188? +rKd @e,fwck. wpdww f a'o ok@d r[kwf wckv;Hk ukd aygi;f pnf;jcif;qkid &f m jyefwrf;ukd +rKd @e,fwcku jyXmef;v#if use&f adS om +rKd @e,fvx l . k trsm; qENrrhJ w S yg; tqkyd g jyefwrf;onf tusK;d oufa&mufrr_ &Sad p&? 189. Each Township Charter may subdelegate powers to smaller local governmental units, e.g., from the Township level to Villages, Blocks, or Wards. If the Charter does not so subdelegate, the Township government may choose to subdelegate.

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189? +rdK@e,fwckp. D jyefwrf;rsm;u ‚if;wk@d xufao;i,faom a'oE &W tkycf sKyfa&;tpki,frsm;ukd vkyyf idk cf iG rhf sm; vJa$ y;&rnf? Oyrm +rdK@e,f tqifrh S aus;&Gmrsm;/ tkypf rk sm;/ &yfuu G rf sm;ponfjzif/h tu,fI jyefwrf;rsm;u vkyyf idk cf iG rhf vJa$ y;v#if +rdK@e,ftpk;d &ukd vkyyf idk cf iG v hf $J ay;&ef a&G;cs,&f rnf? 190. Each Township Charter must provide for a democratic form of government, with an elected lawmaking body called the Township Council. The Township Council may prescribe rules governing election to the council, to supplement the charter where the charter is silent.

190? +rdK@e,fwckp. D jyefwrf;rsm;u 'Dru dk a&pDenf;t&jzpfaom tpk;d &rsm; zJ@G pnf;a&;ukd jyXmef;+yD; +rdK@e,faumifp[ D k trnfwiG af om Oya'jyK tzJ@G udk zJ@G pnf;&rnf? tu,fI +rdK@e,faumifpaD &G;aumufyEGJ iS q hf idk f aom Oya'rsm; jyefwrf;Y r&Sv d #if +rdK@e,faumifpu D jyXmef;&rnf? 191. Every member of every Township Council shall before taking his or her seat, make and subscribe, before a Township or Appellate Court judge, an oath or affirmation to support the Constitution of the Federal Union and the Constitution of Chinland, and faithfully to discharge the duties of their respective offices to the best of their ability.

191? +rdK@e,faumifp. D tzJ@G 0ifrnforl qkd ‚if;.&mxl;vufrcHrDS t,lc&H ;Hk ok@d r[kwf +rdK@e,fw&m;ol}uD;. a&S@arSmufwiG f zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk tajccHOya'ESifhcsif;vJef;tajccHOya'rsm;ukd odpPm&SdpGmjzifhay;tyf aom wm0efrsm;ukd xrf;aqmifygrnfhta=umif; *wdodpPmusdefqkd &rnf? 192. Each Township Charter and all the actions of every Township government must confor m to the restrictions specified in the sections of this Constitution entitled Presiding Ideals, Individual Rights, Individual Duties, Chin Citizenship and Ethnicity, and Suffrage. 111

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192? +rdK@e,fwckp. D jyefwrf;rsm;ESihf +rdK@e,ftpk;d &toD;oD;. vkyaf qmif r_tm;vkH;onf TtajccHOya'Y aocsmpGmwm;jrpfxm;aom jynfol@pHxm;/ woD;yk*~vtcGifhta&;rsm;/ woD;yk*~vwm0efrsm;/ csi;f trsK;d om;jzpfrE_ iS hf vlrsK;d ESihf a&G;aumufjcif;qkid &f mwk@d . vku d af vsm nDaxGjzpf&rnf? 193. Each Township Charter must grant the Township Council power over the following matters, and these powers shall be exclusive with respect to the government of Chinland: i.

Rules governing the form, procedures, and jurisdictions of, and methods of election or appointment to, units of the Local Government; ii. Local police forces; iii. Local sanitary conditions; iv. Local hospitals, primary schools, libraries, and safety; v. Local roads, parks, and recreational centers; vi. Titles of landownership; vii. Within state guidelines, the designation of particular areas for slash and burn agriculture and forest reserves. viii. Local taxes and local bonds.

193? +rdK@e,fwckp. D jyefwrf;rsm;onf atmufygvyk yf idk cf iG rhf sm;ukd csi;f vJe;f tpk;d &.vkyyf idk cf iG Ehf iS rhf ndpâ&#x20AC;¡ eG ;f apyJ +rdK@e,faumifprD sm;xHo@dk vJa$ y;& rnf? 1? a'oE &W tpk;d &. tkycf sKyfypHk nf;rsO;f pnf;urf;/ vkyx f ;Hk vkyef nf;/ Oya'tm%moufa&mufrE_ iS ahf &G;aumufyq GJ idk &f m enf;pepfrsm;/ 2? a'oE &W qkid &f m &Jwyfz@GJ rsm;/ 3? a'oE &W qkid &f m oef@&iS ;f a&;qkid &f mrsm;/ 4? a'oE &W qkid &f maq;&k;H rsm;/ rlvwef;ausmif;rsm;/ pm=unfw h u dk f rsm;ESihf vk+H cHKr_rsm;/ 5? a'oE &W vrf;/ yef;+cHrsm;ESit hf yef;ajzjcif;qkid &f mudprP sm;/ 6? ajrykid q f idk cf iG q hf idk &f m rSww f rf;rsm;/ 112

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7? jynfe,fpnf;rsO;f Oya'abmift& awmif,mckwx f iG jf cif;rsm; ESihf opfawmxdr;f odr;f a&;/ 8? a'oE &W tcGeEf iS t hf mrcHqidk &f m udprP sm;/ 194. Every year or more often, each Township Council shall report to the Secretary General of State on the activities of the Township Government in the period since the last report. This report shall include an account of the legislation adopted by the Township Council, the executive actions undertaken by the Township executive officials, the judicial decisions rendered by the local Township Judges, and all actions affecting the Local Government Charters.

194? ESppf OfEpS w f idk ;f ykI d +rdK@e,faumifpw D pkpo D nf csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL; csKyfxo H @dk ‚if;wk@d a'oE &W tpk;d &. vkyif ef;aqmif&u G rf r_ sm;ukd wifjy &rnf? TrSww f rf;rsm;wGif +rdK@e,faumifpOD ya'jyKtzJ@G rt S wnfjyK xm;aom pm&if;Z,m;rsm;/ +rdK@e,ftyk cf sKyfa&;0efxrf;t&m&Srd sm;. vkyaf qmifrr_ sm;/ +rdK@e,fw&m;ol}uD;rsm;. w&m;a&;qkid &f m qk;H jzwf csurf sm;ESihf a'oE &W tpk;d &. jyefwrf;qkid &f mvkyaf qmifrr_ sm; yg0if &rnf? 195. Each Township Council shall have available to it the following sources of revenue: i. The Chinland Legislative Assembly shall provide for levying and collecting a capitation tax from every Citizen of Chinland of the age of twentyone years or upwards. Such tax to be collected in any Township shall be uniform throughout that Township. The tax rate shall be specified by the Township Council, and such capitation tax shall be used exclusively in the Township in which it is collected. ii. In its discretion, the Chinland Legislature may provide other funds to the Township Councils, but the distribution of funds must correspond to the 113

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population of each Township or the financial need of each Township or some combination of the population and need of each Township. iii. In its discretion, the Chinland Legislature may spend other funds in the various Townships, but the distribution of funds must correspond to the population of each Township or the financial need of each Township or some combination of the population and need of each Township. iv. The Chinland Legislature may delegate taxing powers to Township Councils, but any such delegation must be uniform across the various Townships.

195? +rdK@e,faumifpDwckpDonf atmufygtcGefaiGqkdif&m t&if;tjrpf rsm;&&Sad p&rnf? 1? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf toufEpS q f ,fw h ESpt f xuf&o dS l csi;f trsKd;om;rsm; t&if;tESD;cGefay;aqmif&rnfh Oya'ukd jyXmef; &rnf? xk@d o@dk aom taumufceG rf sm;ukd +rdK@e,fwidk ;f wGif aumufcH &efjzpf+yD; csi;f vJe;f twGi;f &Sd +rdK@e,ftm;vk;H wajy;nDjzpfap&rnf? taumuf cGeEf e_ ;f ukd +rdK@e,faumifprD sm;u jyXmef;&rnfjzpf+yD; T t&if;ES;D cGerf S &&Sad om b¾maiGrsm; ukad umufc&H m +rdK@e,frsm;Y tok;H jyK&rnf? 2? ‚if;wkd@. vkyfykdifcGifhESifhtnD csif;vJef;Oya'jyKtzJG@onf +rdK@e,f aumifpDrsm;ukd &HykHaiGrsm;ay;vdrfhrnf? okd@aomf xkd&HykHaiGrsm; jzef@jzL;r_ onf a'oE &W vlO;D a&ESi&hf yH aHk iGvt dk yfrt _ ay: ok@d r[kwf 2 &yfpvk;H tay: rlwnfjzef@jzL;&rnf? 3? ‚if;wk@d . vkyyf idk cf iG Ehf iS t hf nD csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf wjcm;&HyaHk iG rsm;ukd +rdK@e,frsm;okd@ a'oE W&vlOD;a&ESifh &HykHaiGvkdtyfr_tay: ok@d r[kwf 2 &yfpvk;H tay: rlwnfjzef@jzL;&rnf? 4? csif;vJef;Oya'jyKtzJG@onf tcGefaiGaumufcHykdifcGifhukd +rdK@e,f aumifprD sm;ok@d ay;tyf&rnf? ok@d aomf xk@d o@dk aom vkyyf idk cf iG ahf y; tyfjcif;rsm;onf csi;f vJe;f wckv;Hk wGif ykpH w H ckwnf; jzpf&rnf//

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FINANCE, TAXATION AND REVENUE

b¾ma&;/ taumufceG f ESihf b¾mawmf 196. The courts of Chinland shall have the power of judicial review to enforce the provisions of this section; the courts of Chinland shall therefore review the actions of all departments of government and government officials for confor mity to these provisions. Any decision of the High Court in the interpretation of these provisions shall be final and binding on the parties to that decision and on all of the people of Chinland, including departments of the government and government officials.

196? csif;vJef;. w&m;&kH;rsm;onf T zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya' yk'frrsm;tay: Oya't&csrSwfxm;onfh qkH;jzwfcsufukd jyefvnf ok;H oyf&ef w&m;&k;H . vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mjzifh jynfvnfo;Hk oyfyidk cf iG hf &So d nf? csi;f vJe;f . w&m;&k;H rsm;onf tpk;d &Xmersm;ESihf 0efxrf;rsm;. vkyfaqmifr_rsm;tay: Oya't&csrSwfxm;onfh qkH;jzwfcsufukd jyefvnfokH;oyf&ef w&m;&kH;. vkyfykdifcGifhtm%mjzifh jynfvnf okH;oyfykdifcGifh&Sdonf? T zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'yk'fr tay: csi;f vJe;f w&m;&H;k rsm; . Oya't&csrw S x f m;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&ef w&m;&k;H . vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mjzifh jyefvnfo;Hk oyf t"dy`g,fzGifhqkdcsufrsm;onf aemufqkH;jzpf+yD; oufqkdifaom tzJG@ tpnf;/ csi;f jynfot l m;vk;H / tpk;d &Xmersm;ESihf jynfo@l 0efxrf;rsm; tay: Oya'uJo h @kd tm%moufa&mufonf? 197. The power of taxation shall never be surrendered, suspended or contracted away, except as provided in this Constitution.

197? taumufcGefaumufcHjcif;tm%mukd t&_H;ay;jcif;/ &yfqkdif;jcif;/ vrf;vJj$ cif;rsm; TtajccHOya'jyXmef; csurf v S I GJ rjyKvky&f ? 198. No money shall be drawn from the treasury but pursuant to an appropriation made by an Act of the 115

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Chinland Legislature; provided, however, that the compensation of the members of the Chinland Legislature and all expenses connected with the session thereof may be paid out of the treasury pursuant to bicameral resolution. No obligation for the payment of money shall be incurred except as authorized by law. Un-obligated appropriations outstanding at the end of the period of time specified by law shall be void.

198? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G u tufOya't& rjyXmef;xm;v#if csi;f vJe;f tcGefb¾maiGukd xkwf,ljcif;rjyK&/ okd@aomf csif;vJef;Oya'jyK tzJG@tokH;p&dwfESifhOya'jyKjcif;ESifhqkdifaom ukefusaiGtm;vkH;ukd csif;vJef;tcGefb¾maiGrS v$wfawmf ESpf&yf oabmwlnDcsufjzifh ok;H pJ&G rnf? Oya't& jyXmef;xm;jcif;r[kwv f #if ay;qyf&efjzpfaom aiGrsm; taºuG;rwifap&? taºuG;wifp&mrjzpfaom tok;H p&dwrf sm; r&Si;f xm;v#if ESpu f ek af omtcg tusL;H r0ifap&? 199. No tax shall be levied, or appropriation of public money made, or public property transferred, nor shall the public credit be used, except for a public purpose.

199? jynfol@tusKd;jyKvkyfief;r[kwfv#if rnfonfhtcGefaiGrS rokH;pJG&? ok@d r[kwf ok;H pJ&G ef rpDpOf&? ok@d r[kwf jynfoyl idk yf pPn;f ok@d rajymif;vJ&/ ok@d r[kwf jynfo@l taºuG;tjzpf rwifap&? 200. Money may be borrowed or debt created by or on behalf of Chinland only pursuant to an Act of the Chinland Legislature, passed with the concurrence of two-thirds of all Members elected to each house, except to supply casual deficiencies of revenue, repel invasion, suppress insurrection, defend Chinland in war, or pay existing debts; and any law authorizing the borrowing of money by or on behalf of Chinland shall specify the purpose for which the money is to be borrowed, and the money so borrowed shall be 116

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used exclusively for such purpose; but should the money so borrowed or any part thereof be left after the abandonment of such purpose or the accomplishment thereof, such money, or the surplus thereof, may be disposed of according to law.

200? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G . ok;H ykEH pS yf u Hk tufOya'tm;jzif/h rjyXmef;v#if csi;f vJe;f uk, d pf m; acs;jcif;/ taºuG;wifjcif; rjyK&? ok@d aomf ta&;ay: b¾maiGrvkaH vmufjcif;/ usL;ausmrf t _ m; ESrd ef if;jcif;/ ykeu f efrt _ m; ESrd ef if;jcif;/ ppfjzpfjcif;rS csi;f vJe;f ukd umuG,jf cif; ok@d r[kwf wnf&dS +yD;aom taºuG;qyfjcif;wk@d twGuf aiGacs;v#if rnfonfu h pd t P wGuf csi;f vJe;f uk, d pf m; aiGacs;a=umif; ckid v f pHk mG jyXmef;&rnft h jyif acs;aiG rsm;ukv d nf; acs;&jcif;udpYP om tok;H jyK&rnf? xko d @dk aiGacs;+yD;v#if tajc taeajymif;vJjcif;a=umifh usef&SdaomaiGrsm;ukd Oya't& odr;f qnf; xm;&rnf? 201. Except as otherwise provided in this Constitution, no appropriation of public money shall be made to, nor the bonds of Chinland be issued or loaned to, any Local Government or corporation, nor shall the credit of the Chinland, by the guarantee or the endorsement of the bonds or other undertakings of any Local Government or corporation, be pledged otherwise than pursuant to an Act of the Chinland Legislature, passed with the concurrence of threefourths of all the members elected to each house.

201? tu,fI Oya'Y rjyXmef;xm;v#if jynfo@l b¾maiGudk a'oE &W tpk;d &rsm;ESiahf umfy;dk a&;&Si;f rsm;twGuf ok;H pJjG cif;/ acs;iSm;jcif; tmrcH ay;jcif; rjyK&? tu,fI a'oE &W tpk;d &rsm;ESiahf umfy;dk a&;&Si;f rsm;u tmrcHcsufjzifh jynfol@b¾maiGukd acs;Xm;vmcJhaom csif;vJef; Oya'jyKtzJ@G wckp. D av;yko H ;Hk yko H abmwlncD sujf zifh Oya'jyKjyXmef; ay;&rnf? 202. A regular account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published annually and 117

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made available free of charge to any citizen of Chinland who requests it.

202? jynfo@l b¾maiG ESppf Of0ifaiGEiS o hf ;Hk aiGpm&if;Z,m;tm;vk;H ukd ykEH ydS +f yD; jynforl sm;u awmif;qkad omtcg tcrJjh zifh &&SEd idk af tmif aqmif&u G f &rnf? 203. The Governor of Chinland shall submit to the legislature, at a time fixed by law, a budget for the next fiscal year setting forth all proposed expenditures and anticipated income of all departments, offices, and agencies of Chinland. The governor, at the same time, shall submit a general appropriations bill to authorize the proposed expenditures, and a bill or bills covering recommendations in the budget for new or additional revenues.

203? csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;onf vmrnfEh pS &f ok;H cef@reS ;f ajctay:rlwnf+y;D Xmeqkid &f mtm;vk;H / &k;H tm;vk;H ESihf at*sipf D tm;vk;H twGuq f idk af om bwf*suu f dk a&;qJ+G yD; csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G o@dk wifjy&rnf? wcsed f wnf;wGif csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;onf taxGaxGvsmxm;bwf*suf ukd txufygwifoiG ;f xm;aom bwf*suYf wifjyxm;aom tok;H p&dwfrsm;/ bwf*sufESifhbwf*sufrsm;twnfjzpfap&ef b¾maiG pm&if;topfudk wifoiG ;f &rnf? 204. The real and personal property of Chinland and/or its political subdivisions may be made exempt from taxation by Act of the Chinland Legislature. All, or any portion of, property used exclusively for non-profit religious, charitable, cemetery, or educational purposes, as defined by law, may be made exempt from taxation by Act of the Chinland Legislature. General law may grant other exemptions of like or different kind. All valid existing exemptions shall be retained until and unless otherwise provided by law.

204? csi;f vJe;f uykid q f idk af om ajrtaqmufttkEH iS yhf *k v ~ u d ykid yf pPn;f rsm; ESihf 118

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ok@d r[kwf Ekid if aH &;XmetoD;oD;. ykid q f idk yf pPn;f rsm;ukd taumufceG f vGwf+idrf;cGifhtufOya'ukd csif;vJef;Oya'jyKtzJG@u jyXmef;&rnf? tjrwftpGef;udkr&nf&G,faom bmoma&;/ oma&;ema&;qkdif&m/ okomefajrESiyhf nma&;twGuf tok;H jyKaom ajrtaqmuftOD;rsm; tm;vk;H ok@d r[kwf wpdww f a'oukd csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G u tuf Oya'jyXmef;+yD; tcGeaf iGaumufcjH cif;rS vGw+f idr;f ap&rnf? taxGaxG Oya'uvnf; TudpEP iS t hf vm;wlaom udpP (ok@d r[kw)f uJjG ym;aom udprP sm; tcGeaf qmifjcif;rsm; vGw+f idr;f cGiu hf dk ay;vdrrhf nf? Oya'u rjyXmef;xm;v#if vuf&EdS iS w hf &m;0ifjzpfaom taumufceG af umufcH jcif;rS vGw+f ird ;f cGi&hf &Sx d m;onft h &mrsm; qufvufvw G +f ird ;f ap&rnf? 205. Private leaseholds, contracts, or interests in land or property owned or held by the Federal Union, the Chinland, or its political subdivisions, may be made taxable to the extent of the interests by Act of the Chinland Legislature.

205? csif;vJef;Oya'jyKtzJG@. oabmqENt& yk*~vdutXm;pm;vkyfief; ykid &f iS rf sm;/ uefx&ku d v f yk if ef;rsm; ok@d r[kwf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk ykid ef ufe,fajrrS&&Sad om twk;d tjrwfrsm; csi;f vJe;f ESihf ‚if;. Ekid if aH &; cJrG sm;tm; tcGeaf umufcjH cif; cGijhf yKEkid o f nf? PUBLIC EDUCATION

jynfo@l ynma&; 206. The Legislative Assembly of Chinland shall have the power and responsibility to execute this section in appropriate ways. This section shall not be judicially reviewable by the courts of Chinland, but this section may provide interpretive guidance for the provisions of this constitution that are judicially reviewable.

206? csif;vJef;Oya'jyKtzJG@onf Ttcef;ygOya'rsm;tm; oifhavsmfpGm vkyaf qmifyidk cf iG t hf m%mESiw hf m0ef&o dS nf? T tcef;yg Oya'rsm;ukd 119

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Oya't& jyefvnfo;Hk oyfjcif; w&m;&k;H rsm;u rjyK&? ok@d aomf T tcef;ygOya'rsm;u Oya't& jyefvnfo;Hk oyfI&aom Oya'yk'rf rsm;twGuf pHEe_ ;f rsm;tjzpf tok;H jyK&rnf? 207. The Chinland Legislature shall by general law establish and maintain a system of public schools open to all children of Chinland, and shall provide for other public educational institutions.

207? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf uav;i,ftm;vk;H ynmoif=um;Ekid &f ef jynfo@l ynma&;pepfEiS q hf idk af om taxGaxG Oya'ESiyhf *k v ~ u d ynm a&; twwfoifausmif;rsm;qkid &f mOya'rsm;ukd jyXmef;&rnf? 208. The schools and other educational institutions established by the Chinland Legislature shall be free from sectarian control.

208? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G u jyXmef;zGiv hf pS af omausmif;rsm;ESihf twwf oifausmif;tm;vk;H onf bmoma&;xdr;f csKyfr_ rS vGwu f if;ap&rnf? 209. No money shall be paid from public funds for the direct benefit of any religious or other private educational institutions.

209? jynfo@l b¾maiGrsm;ukd bmoma&;ESiyhf *k v ~ u d ausmif;rsm; wku d &f u dk f tusK;d &Sad p&ef rok;H pJ&G ? 210. The University of Chinland is hereby established as the Public University and constituted a body corporate. It shall have title to all real and personal property now or hereafter set aside for or conveyed to it. Its property shall be administered and disposed of according to the Acts prescribed by CLA.

210? csif;vJef;wuUokdvfukd TtajccHOya' jynfe,fwuUokdvftjzpf zJG@pnf;wnfaxmifonf? ‚if;onf ajrtaqmuftOD;ESifh wjcm; ykdifqkdifcGifhrsm;ukd TtajccHOya'jyXmef;xm;onfhtwkdif; &&SdcHpm; aponf? ‚if;.ypPn;f rsm;ukd Oya't& xdr;f odr;f &rnf? 120

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211. A Board of Regents shall govern the University of Chinland. The Governor shall appoint the regents, with the advice and consent of a majority of the Members of the Chinland Legislature in joint session.

211? csif;vJef;wuUokdvftkyfcsKyfa&;bkwftzJG@u csif;vJef;wuUodkvfudk tkycf sKyfuu G u f &J rnf? csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;u tkycf sKyfa&;tzJ@G 0if rsm;udk csi;f vJe;f Oya' jyKtzJ@G 0iftrsm;pk. qENEiS ahf xmufccH sujf zifh cef@tyf&rnf? 212. The Board of Regents shall, in accordance with law, formulate policy and appoint the president of the university and an executive officer of the Board.

212? csif;vJef;tkyfcsKyfa&;bkwftzJG@u wuUokdvf.ay:vpDa&;qJGjcif;/ wuUov dk o f bmywd a&G;cs,jf cif;ESihf tvkyt f r_aqmiftzJ@G a&G;cs,f jcif;rsm;ukd Oya't& jyK&rnf? 213. The State Legislature shall by general law establish uniform guidelines for primary, secondary, high school, and vocational educations. The Board of Regents, the President of the University, and the faculty of the University shall jointly establish guidelines for the University program of education.

213? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf rlvwef;/ tv,fwef;/ txufwef; ESihf twwfoifausmif;wk@d twGuf wajy;nDjzpfaom vrf;!$ecf surf sm;ukd taxGaxGOya't& jyXmef;&rnf? wuUov dk t f yk cf sKyfa&;bkwt f zJ@G / wuUov dk f obmywdEiS hf wuUov dk q f &mrsm; twlwuGjzifh wuUov dk f pnf;rsO;f rsm;ESit hf pDtpOfrsm;ukd a&;qJ&G rnf? 214. Pursuant to laws enacted by the Chinland Legislature, public funds may be expended to provide financial assistance to students and parents of students for educational purposes, including but not limited to grants, scholarships, loans, guaranteed loans, interest subsidies on loans, fees to lenders, tax exemptions to lenders, loan forgiveness programs, tax 121

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deductions for private funds paid to support education, and tuition waiver. The Board of Regents of the University System of Chinland shall be authorized to establish programs allowing attendance at units of the University of Chinland without payment of tuition or other fees. (OR)

214? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G . Oya'jyXmef;csut f & jynfo@l b¾maiGrsm;ukd ausmif;om;§ausmif;olrsm;ESifhrdbrsm;tm; ynma&;ESifhoufqkdif onfh b¾ma&;taxmuftyHrh sm;jzpfonf? axmufyahH iGrsm;/ ynm awmfoifqrk sm;/ acs;aiGrsm;/ tmrcHacs;aiGrsm;/ acs;aiGtwk;d ---taumufceG v f w G cf iG ahf y;jcif;rsm;/ acs;aiGrsm; cGiv hf w $ jf cif;rsm;/ ynm awmfoifqak y;aom yk*v ~ u d aiGrsm;tm; tcGev f w G +f idr;f jcif;rsm;ESihf ausmif;p&dwaf v#mjh cif;rsm;twGuf tok;H jyK&ef Oya'jyK&rnf? (ok@d ) 215. Pursuant to laws enacted by the Chinland Legislature, public funds may be expended for the following purposes: i. To provide grants, scholarships, loans, or other assistance to students and to parents of students for educational purposes. ii. To provide for a program of guaranteed loans to students and to parents of students for educational purposes and to pay interest, interest subsidies, and fees to lenders on such loans. The Chinland Legislature is authorized to provide such tax exemptions to lenders as shall be deemed advisable in connection with such program. iii. To provide grants, scholarships, loans, or other assistance to public employees for educational purposes. iv. To provide for the purchase of loans made to students for educational purposes who have completed a program of study in a field in which critical shortages exist and for cancellation of 122

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repayment of such loans, interest, and charges thereon. v. Contributions made in support of any educational assistance program now or hereafter established under provisions of this section may be made deductible for state income tax purposes as now or hereafter provided by law. vi. The Chinland Legislature shall be authorized by general law to provide for an education trust fund to assist students and parents of students in financing postsecondary education and to provide for contracts between the fund and purchasers for the advance payment of tuition by each purchaser for a qualified beneficiary to attend a state institution of higher education. Such general law shall provide for such terms, conditions, and limitations as the Chinland Legislature shall deem necessary for the implementation of this subparagraph. Notwithstanding any provision of this Constitution to the contrary, the Chinland Legislature shall be authorized to provide for the guarantee of such contracts with state revenues. vii. Guaranteed revenue debt may be incurred to provide funds to make loans to students and to parents of students for educational purposes, to purchase loans made to students and to parents of students for educational purposes, or to lend or make deposits of such funds with lenders which shall be secured by loans made to students and to parents of students for educational purposes. viii.Public authorities or public corporations heretofore or hereafter created for such purposes shall be authorized to administer educational assis123

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tance programs and, in connection therewith, may exercise such powers as may now or hereafter be provided by law. ix. The Board of Regents of the University System of Chinland shall be authorized to establish programs allowing attendance at units of the University of Chinland without payment of tuition or other fees, but the Chinland Legislature may provide by law for the establishment of any such program for the benefit of elderly citizens of the state.

215? csif;vJef;Oya'jyKtzJG@. jyXmef;xm;aom Oya'rsm;t& jynfol@ bÂ¾maiGrsm;ukd atmufygupd rP sm;wGif tok;H jyK&rnf? 1? axmufyahH iGrsm;/ ynmawmfoifqrk sm;/ acs;aiGrsm;/ ok@d r[kwf aumsi;f om;ausmif;olrsm;ESirhf b d rsm;u ynmoif=um;a&;wGif tok;H csrnfh axmufyahH iGrsm; ay;qyf&ef/ 2? ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;ESirhf b d rsm;u ynmoif=um;a&;wGif tok;H cs&ef/ twk;d rsm;ay;&ef/ twk;d rsm;av#m&h ef/ acs;aiGrsm;. tcrsm;ay;&ef/ 3? axmufyahH iGrsm;/ ynmawmfoifqrk sm;/ acs;aiGrsm;ESihf wjcm; axmufyahH iGrsm;ukd jynfo@l 0efxrf;rsm; ynmqufvufoif=um; Ekdifa&; ay;tyf&ef/ 4? txl;vkt d yfaeaom bmom&yfrsm; +yD;ajrmufoif=um;aom ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;. acs;aiGrsm;/ twk;d rsm;ESihf p&dwf rsm;ukd tpk;d &u jyefvnfay;tyfay;&ef/ 5? ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;tm;ay;axmufy&hH ef TtajccHOya't& jyXmef;xm;onfh ay;vSLxm;aomaiGrsm;ukd csi;f vJe;f tcGeaf iG aumufcjH cif;rS vGw+f idr;f cGijhf yK&ef/ 6? csif;vJef;Oya'jyKtzJG@onf ynma&;twGuf tyfESHxm;aom &HykHaiGukd ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;ESifhrdbrsm;u tqifhjrifh ynma&;rsm;oif=um;Ekid &f efEiS t hf qkyd gaiGrsm;jzifh ausmif;p&dwf rsm;ukd }udKwifay;aqmif+yD; tqifjh rifyh nmrsm; oif=um;Ekid &f ef Oya'jy Xmef;ay;&rnf? tqkyd gtaxGaxGOya'onf Ttcef;yg 124

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tpDtpOfrsm; atmifjrifpmG taumiftxnfazmf Ekid &f ef vkt d yf aom pnf;urf;csurf sm;/ taetxm;rsm;ESihf uef@owfcsurf sm;ukd vkt d yfovkd jyXmef;&rnf? tu,fI Ttcef;ygtaxGaxG Oya' rsm; tjiif;yGm;p&mjzpfcahJ omf csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf jynfe,f b¾maiGjzifh tqkyd g*wdrsm;ukd jznfph u G &f rnf? &? tmrcHcsu&f adS om b¾macs;aiGrsm;ukd ausmif;om;ausmif;ol rsm;ESirhf b d rsm; ynmoif=um;Ekid &f ef/ tqkyd gaiGrsm;jzifh ausmif; p&dwrf sm; acs;iSm;Ekid &f ef (ok@d r[kw)f tqkyd gaiGrsm; acs;iSm;Ekid af &; p&HaiGrsm;tjzpf tok;H cs&efEiS hf xko d @kd acs;iSm;aiGrsm;jzifh ausmif; om;ausmif;olrsm; ynmqufvuf oif=um;Ekid &f ef rdbrsm;u tok;H jy&ef jzpfonf// 8? ynma&;twGuf tyfEx HS m;aom &HyaHk iGrsm;ukd }u;D =uyfprD cH ef@c&GJ ef wm0efay;xm;aom tm%m&Sjd ynfo@l 0efxrf; rsm;ESihf ok@d r[kwf yk*v ~ u d aumfy;dk a&;&Si;f rsm;onf TudpEP iS yhf gwo f ufI ‚if;wk@d . vkyyf idk cf iG rhf sm;ukd ,ck ok@d r[kwf aemifwiG f Oya'jzifh jyXmef;&rnf? 9? csi;f vJe;f wuUov dk t f yk cf sKyaf &;bkwt f zJ@G onf csi;f vJe;f wuUov dk f . wpdww f ykid ;f Y tca=u;aiG ok@d r[kwf wjcm; tca=u;aiGjzifh wufa&mufciG u hf dk jyXmef;&rnf? ok@d aomf csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf ouf}uD;&G,t f rdk sm;u tqkyd g tpDtpOfrsm; oif=um;Ekid f rnfh tufOya'rsm;ukd jyXmef;&rnf? PUBLIC HEALTH

jynfo@l use;f rma&; 216. The Legislative Assembly of Chinland shall have the power and responsibility to execute this section in appropriate ways. This section shall not be judicially reviewable by the courts of Chinland, but this section may provide interpretive guidance for the provisions of this constitution that are judicially reviewable.

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216? csif;vJef;Oya'jyKtzJG@onf Ttcef;ygOya'rsm;ukd oifhav#mfovkd aqmif&u G yf idk cf iG Ehf iS hf aqmif&u G yf idk cf iG &hf o dS nf? T tcef;ygOya'rsm; onf Oya't& csi;f vJe;f w&m;&k;H rsm;u jyefvnfo;Hk oyfyidk cf iG rhf &Sad p&/ ok@d aomf Ttcef;ygOya'rsm;ukd Oya't& jyefvnfo;Hk oyfI&aom Oya'rsm; ok;H oyfaomtcg vrf;!$et f jzpf tok;H jyK&rnf? 217. The Chinland Legislature shall provide by law for the promotion and protection of public health.

217? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf jynfo@l use;f rma&;wk;d wufaumif;rGeaf &;ESihf umuG,af pmifah &Smufa&;twGuf tufOya'rsm; jyXmef;&rnf? 218. The Chinland Legislature shall provide by law for the treatment and rehabilitation of handicapped persons.

218? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf ouf}uD;&G,t f Edk iS rhf oefrpGr;f jynforl sm; ukoa&;ukd tufOya'rsm; jyXmef;&rnf? 219. The Chinland Legislature shall provide by law for financial assistance, medical assistance and social services for persons who are found to be in need of and are eligible for such assistance and services.

219? csif;vJef;Oya'jyKtzJG@onf bÂ¾ma&;taxmuftyHhrsm;/ aq;0g; taxmuftyhrH sm;ESiv hf rl a_ &;vkyif ef;rsm;ukd trSew f u,fvt dk yfae aom olrsm;&&Scd pH m;Ekid af p&ef tufOya'rsm; jyXmef;&rnf? PUBLIC WELFARE

jynfo@l vrl z_ v l aH_ &; 220. The Legislative Assembly of Chinland shall have the power and responsibility to execute this section in appropriate ways. This section shall not be judicially reviewable by the courts of Chinland, but this section may provide interpretive guidance for the provisions of this constitution that are judicially reviewable. 126

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220? csif;vJef;Oya'jyKtzJG@onf Ttcef;ygOya'rsm;ukd oifhav#mfovkd aqmif&u G yf idk cf iG Ehf iS hf aqmif&u G yf idk cf iG &hf o dS nf? T tcef;ygOya'rsm; onf Oya't& csi;f vJe;f w&m;&k;H rsm;u jyefvnfo;Hk oyfyidk cf iG rhf &Sad p&/ ok@d aomf Ttcef;ygOya'rsm;ukd Oya't& jyefvnfo;Hk oyfI&aom Oya'rsm; ok;H oyfaomtcg vrf;!$et f jzpf tok;H jyK&rnf? 221. The Chinland Legislature shall provide by law for the promotion and protection of the general public welfare.

221? csif;vJef;Oya'jyKtzJG@onf jynfolrsm; taxGaxGvlr_zlv_Ha&;rsm; wd;k wufaumif;rGeaf &;ESihf umuG,af pmifah &Smufa&;twGuf tufOya' rsm; jyXmef;&rnf? 222. The Chinland Legislature shall provide by law for the security of the elderly, the unemployed, the disabled, children, orphans, and any others in need, by establishing and promoting programs to assure their economic and social well-being. Such provision may include but need not be limited to the creation of government welfare agencies, the support of private welfare agencies, social security programs, orphanages, foster homes, nursing homes, daycare programs, and group homes for the disabled or those rehabilitating from addictions or illnesses.

222? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf ouf}u;D &G,t f rdk sm;. vk+H cKH r_/ tvkyv f ufrhJ rsm;/ roef;rpGrf;rsm;/ uav;oli,frsm;/ rdbrJhrsm;ESifhtultnD vkdtyfolrsm;. ‚if;wkd@. pD;yGm;a&;ESifhvlr_a&;vkdtyfcsufrsm; jznfh qnf;&ef tufOya' jyXmef;&rnf? tqkyd gtufOya'rsm;u tpk;d & vlrz_ v l aH_ &;at*sipf rD sm;/ yk*v ~ u d vlrz_ v l aH_ &;at*sipf rD sm;/ vlrz_ v l H_ a&;tpDtpOfrsm;/ rdbrJx h rd ;f a&;at*sipf rD sm;/ vlrv _ +k cHKa&;tpDtpOf rsm;/ rdbrJx h rd ;f odr;f apmifah &Smifa&;rsm;/ arG;pm; ESihf ae@xed ;f uav; i,frsm;ta&;ESihf ouf}uD;&G,t f adk pmifah &Smufa&;tdrrf sm;/ ae@xed ;f uav;Xmersm;ESirhf oefrpGr;f olrsm;. tdrrf sm; ok@d r[kwf aq;pJo G rl sm; ESizhf sm;emolrsm;.tdrrf sm;qkid &f m tufOya'rsm; jyXmef;&rnf? 127

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223. The Chinland Legislature shall provide by law assistance in, housing, slum clearance and the development or rehabilitation of substandard areas. The exercise of such power is deemed to be for a public use and purpose.

223? csif;vJef;Oya'jyKtzJG@onf tdrf,mwnfaqmufa&;/ qif;&Jom; &yfuu G &f iS ;f vif;a&;ESihf rzH@G +zdK;aoma'orsm; zH@G +zdK;a&;tufOya'rsm; jyXmef;&rnf? xko d @dk aom wnfaqmuf&iS ;f vif;a&;rsm;tm;vH;k onf trsm;jynfoo l ;Hk pJ&G efEiS hf tusK;d twGuf jzpf&rnf? 224. Minimum standard guidelines of the Chinland public welfare shall be prescribed by Chinland Legislature from time to time.

224? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf jynfo@l vrl _ zlvaH_ &;qkid &f mvrf;nGef Oya'ukd tcsed t f cg av#mn f pD mG jyXmef;&rnf? CULTURE AND MEDIA

,Ofaus;r_EiS hf vlxq k ufo, G af &; 225. The courts of Chinland shall have the power of judicial review to enforce the provisions of this section; the courts of Chinland shall therefore review the actions of all departments of government and government officials for confor mity to these provisions. Any decision of the High Court in the interpretation of these provisions shall be final and binding on the parties to that decision and on all of the people of Chinland, including departments of the government and government officials.

225? csi;f vJe;f . w&m;&k;H rsm;onf T zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyyf t Hk ajccHOya' yk'rf rsm; tay: Oya't&csrw S x f m;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnf ok;H oyf&ef w&m;&kH;.vkyfykdifcGifhtm%mjzifh jynfvnfokH;oyfykdifcGifh &Sdonf? csif;vJef;. w&m;&kH;rsm;onf tpkd;&Xmersm;ESifh 0efxrf;rsm;. 128

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vkyaf qmifrr_ sm;tay: Oya't&csrw S x f m;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyef vnfo;Hk oyf&ef w&m;&k;H . vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mjzifh jynfvnfo;Hk oyf ykid cf iG &hf o dS nf? T zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya' yk'rf tay: csi;f vJe;f w&m;&H;k rsm;. Oya't&csrw S x f m;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnf ok;H oyf&ef w&m;&k;H .vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mjzifh jyefvnfo;Hk oyf t"dyg` ,f zGiq hf cdk surf sm;onf aemufq;Hk jzpf+yD; oufqidk af om tzJ@G tpnf;/ csi;f jynfoltm;vkH;/ tpkd;&Xmersm;ESifh 0efxrf;rsm;tay: Oya'uJhodk@ tm%moufa&mufonf? 226. Consistent with the other provisions of this Constitution, especially the protections for individual rights, the Chinland Legislative Assembly shall have power to regulate the Media, Communication, Broadcasting, Telephonic systems, Telegraphic systems, and Cultural practices.

226? TtajccHOya'ygOya'rsm;ESifh nDaxGpGm txl;ojzifh woD;yk*~v tcGifhta&;rsm; umuG,fjcif;ESifhoufqkdif&m csif;vJef;Oya'jyKtzJG@ onf owif;/ qufo, G af &;. &kyo f v H i$ jhf cif;/ w,fvzD ek ;f pum;ajymjcif;/ a=u;eef;jzifh qufoG,fjcif;ESifh ,Ofaus;r_jyKrljcif;wkd@wGif Oya'jyK cGi&hf o dS nf? 227. The Chinland Legislature may provide by law for the conservation and development of objects and places of historic or cultural interest, and it may provide for public sightliness and physical good order.

227? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf orkid ;f 0if,Ofaus;r_a'orsm;ESihf udprP sm; xdr;f odr;f apmifah &Smufa&;/ jynforl sm; =unf&h @_ tyef;ajzavhvmEdik af &; qkid &f m tufOya'rsm;ukd jyXmef;&rnf? 228. For the purposes of this section, the Chinland Legislature may provide by law that private property shall be subject to reasonable regulation.

228? Ttcef;ygOya't& csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G onf yk*v ~ u d ykid q f idk rf r_ sm; ukd t"dyg` ,&f pdS mG jzifh odr;f pnf;cGiq hf idk &f mOya'rsm; jyXmef;vdrrhf nf? 129

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229. The powers of the Chinland Legislature granted by this section shall be exclusive of any power of the Federal Union government.

229? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G tm; Ttcef;ygOya'rsm;t& ay;tyfxm;aom tm%mrsm;udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk tpk;d &u zsuo f rd ;f Ekid cf iG hf r&Sad p&? CHINLAND ARMED FORCE

csi;f vJe;f vufeufuidk w f yfz@GJ 230. The courts of Chinland shall have the power of judicial review to enforce the provisions of this section; the courts of Chinland shall therefore review the actions of all departments of government and government officials for confor mity to these provisions. Any decision of the High Court in the interpretation of these provisions shall be final and binding on the parties to that decision and on all of the people of Chinland, including departments of the government and government officials.

230? csi;f vJe;f . w&m;&k;H rsm;onf T zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyyf t Hk ajccHOya' yk'rf rsm; tay: Oya't&csrw S x f m;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&ef w&m;&kH;. vkyfykdifcGifhtm%mjzifh jynfvnfokH;oyfykdifcGifh&Sdonf? csif;vJef;. w&m;&kH;rsm;onf tpkd;&Xmersm;ESifh 0efxrf;rsm;.vkyf aqmifrr_ sm;tay: Oya't&csrw S x f m;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnf ok;H oyf&ef w&m;&k;H . vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mjzifh jynfvnfo;Hk oyf ykid cf iG hf &So d nf? T zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya' yk'rf tay: csi;f vJe;f w&m;&H;k rsm;. Oya't&csrw S x f m;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&ef w&m;&k;H . vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mjzifh jyefvnfo;Hk oyft"dyg` ,zf iG q hf dk csurf sm; onf aemufq;Hk jzpf+y;D oufqidk af om tzJ@G tpnf;/ csi;f jynfot l m;vk;H / tpk;d &Xmersm;ESihf 0efxrf;rsm;tay: Oya'uJo h @kd tm%m oufa&muf onf? 130

csif;vJef;zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'“rl-urf;”

231. All able-bodied citizens of Chinland between the ages of eighteen and forty years shall serve in the Militia of Chinland for at least three years as prescribed by act of the Chinland Legislative Assembly.

231? touf (18) ESihf (40) =um;&Sd cE<muk, d u f se;f rmoefprG ;f aom csi;f trsK;d om;tm;vk;H onf csi;f vJe;f vufeufuidk w f yfz@GJ wiG f tenf;qk;H (3) ESpf txd csif;vJef;Oya'jyKtzJG@u jyXmef;onfhtwkdif; wm0efxrf; aqmif&rnf? 232. The Chinland Legislature shall, by law, designate the qualifications necessary for holding a commission in the State Armed Forces and shall prescribe the mode of selection of officers for the several grades. The Governor of Chinland shall appoint and commission the commissioned officers as directed by the Chinland Legislature.

232? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G u csi;f vJe;f vufeufuidk w f yfz@GJ . &mxl;cef@tyf&ef t&nftcsi;f owfrw S jf cif;/ t&m&Srd sm; a&G;cs,cf ef@tyfjcif;ponfw@dk udk tufOya'jzifh jyXmef;&rnf? csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;onf csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJG@. !$ef=um;csuftwkdif; csif;vJef;vufeufukdifwyfzJG@ t&m&Srd sm;ukd cef@tyf&rnf? 233. The Chinland Legislative Assembly shall have the final authority, exclusive of any power of the Federal Union government over the same, for the creation of the militia of Chinland and for making all rules and regulations needful for the organization, training, and discipline of the same.

233? csif;vJef;Oya'jyKtzJG@onf csif;vJef;vufeufukdifwyfzJG@ zJG@pnf;r_/ xdr;f odr;f r_/ avhusirhf /_ pnf;urf;xde;f odr;f r_EiS hf qkid af omudpt P m;vk;H wGif zuf'&,ftpk;d &.pGuzf ufrr_ &Sad pyJ Oya'jyXmef;cGit hf m%m&So d nf? 234. When not occupied in military activities, units of the Militia of Chinland may be used for civil development purposes, such as building bridges or 131

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roads, urban renewal projects, teaching, or the like, as provided by the Chinland Legislative Assembly.

234? csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G u jyXmef;onft h wkid ;f ppfwyfwm0efr&Sad om umvrsm;Y csif;vJef;vufeufukdifwyfzJG@rsm;onf jynfol@zHG@+zdK;a&; vkyif ef;rsm;jzpfaom wHwm;aqmufjcif; ok@d r[kwf vrf;azmufjcif;/ aus;vufa'ozH@G +zKd ;a&;rsm; aqmif&u G jf cif;/ ynmoif=um;jcif; ponfh udprP sm;ukd aqmif&u G &f rnf? 235. The Federal Union Armed Forces shall not be stationed in Chinland without the consent and approval of two-thirds of both houses of the Chinland Legislative Assembly.

235? zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k ufeufuidk w f yfz@GJ rsm;ukd csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G . ok;H ykEH pS yf Hk qENEiS o hf abmwlncD surf ygv#if csi;f vJe;f Y pcef;rcs&? GENERAL PROVISIONS

taxGaxG Oya'rsm; 236. The courts of Chinland shall have the power of judicial review to enforce the provisions of this section; the courts of Chinland shall therefore review the actions of all departments of government and government officials for confor mity to these provisions. Any decision of the High Court in the interpretation of these provisions shall be final and binding on the parties to that decision and on all of the people of Chinland, including departments of the government and government officials.

236? csi;f vJe;f . w&m;&k;H rsm;onf T zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya' yk'rf rsm;tay: Oya't&csrw S x f m;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&ef w&m;&kH;. vkyfykdifcGifhtm%mjzifh jynfvnfokH;oyfykdifcGifh&Sdonf? csi;f vJe;f . w&m;&k;H rsm;onf tpk;d &Xmersm;ESihf 0efxrf;rsm;. vkyf aqmifrr_ sm;tay: Oya't&csrw S x f m;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnf 132

csif;vJef;zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'“rl-urf;”

ok;H oyf&ef w&m;&k;H . vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mjzifh jynfvnfo;Hk oyfyidk cf iG hf &So d nf? T zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya' yk'rf tay: csi;f vJe;f w&m;&H;k rsm; . Oya't&csrw S x f m;onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&ef w&m;&k;H . vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mjzifh jyefvnfo;Hk oyf t"dyg` ,zf iG q hf cdk suf rsm;onf aemufq;Hk jzpf+yD; oufqidk af om tzJ@G tpnf;/ csi;f jynfol tm;vk;H / tpk;d &Xmersm;ESihf 0efxrf;rsm;tay: Oya'uJo h @kd tm%mouf a&mufonf? 237. The seal of the Government of Chinland shall be ...

237? csi;f vJe;f tpk;d &. trSww f q H yd o f nf æææ 238. The national anthem of Chinland shall be .....

238? csi;f vJe;f . trsK;d om;oDcsi;f onf æææ 239. The national flag of Chinland shall be ......

239? csi;f vJe;f . trsK;d om;tvHonf æææ 240. The Seal of the Governor of Chinland shall be .....

240? csi;f vJe;f tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;. trSww f q H yd o f nf æææ 241. The Flower of Chinland shall be the Rhododendron.

241? csi;f vJe;f . yef;yGio hf nf awmifZvyfyef;jzpfonf? 242. The National Animal of Chinland shall be Mythun.

242? trsK;d om;txdr;f trSwf owW0gonf EGm;aemufjzpfonf? 243. The National Bird of Chinland shall be the Great Hornbill.

243? csif;vJef;trsKd;om;rsm;. txdrf;trSwfXufonf atmufcsif;Xuf jzpfonf? 244. The Official Language of Chinland shall be English and Chin.

244? csi;f vJe;f . w&m;0ifbmompum;onf “t*Fvyd ”f ESihf “csi;f ” bmom jzpfonf? 133

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245. The Constitution of Chinland shall be made in English, signed by the Governor of Chinland and enrolled for record in the office of the registrar of the Chinland High Court.

245? csif;vJef;tajccHOya'ukd t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh a&;om;+yD; csif;vJef; tkycf sKyaf &;rSL;u vufrw S af &;xk;d +y;D csi;f vJe;f w&m;&k;H csKyw f iG f rSww f rf; wifxm;&S&d rnf? 246. The Constitution of Chinland shall be translated into the various dialects of Chinland, but the translations shall not be authorized for legal use until they are approved by the Chinland High Court, signed by the Governor, and enrolled for record in the office of the registrar of the Chinland High Court.

246? csi;f vJe;f tajccHOya'ukd csi;f bmompum;rsm;jzifh bmomjyef&rnf? ok@d aomf tqkyd gbmomjyeftm;vk;H ukd csi;f vJe;f w&m;&k;H csKyfu twnf rjyK/ jynfe,ftyk cf sKyfa&;rSL;u vufrw S rf xk;d / jynfe,fw&m;&k;H csKyf. rSww f rf;Y pm&if;roGi;f v#if twnf w&m;0if rjzpfap&? 247. If discrepancies of meaning should exist between the English and Chin versions of the Constitution or between the various Chin versions (whether because of outright contradiction, different shades of meaning, ambiguity in one version that does not exist in another or for any other reason), the original English version of the constitution shall be controlling.

247? tu,fI csif;bmomESifht*Fvdyfbmom okd@r[kwf csif;bmom t=um; a&S@aemufrnD!Gwfr_rsm; (wkduf&kduf qef@usifuJGvJGr_rsm;/ t"dyg` ,u f v GJ rGJ /_ bmompum;wckY&Sad om t"dyg` ,/f wjcm;bmomY ray:vGirf xif&mS ;r_rsm; ta=umif;wckcak =umif&h cdS v hJ #i)f rl&if;t*Fvyd f tajccHOya'onf tajccHjzpf&rnf?

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INTER-STATE AND INTER-FEDERAL RELATION

jynfe,frsm;ESihf jynfe,fzuf'&,fqufqrH _ 248. Neither the Constitution of the Federal Union of Burma nor any action of the Government of the Federal Union of Burma shall override any provision of the Constitution of Chinland.

248? zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpAk rmEkid if . H tajccHOya'jzpfap/ zuf'&,ftpk;d & jzpfap/ TtajccHOya'&Sd rnfonfOh ya'yk'rf rqkd rv$r;f rk;d &? 249. Neither amendments to the Constitution of the Federal Union of Burma nor actions of the Government of the Federal Union of Burma shall override any future amendment to the constitution of Chinland, provided that those amendments to the constitution of Chinland are consistent with the current Constitution of the Federal Union of Burma.

249? zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpAk rmEkid if . H tajccHOya'jyifqifcsuf ok@d r[kwf zuf'&,ftpk;d &.vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;u tem*wf csi;f vJe;f tajccH Oya'jyifqifcsurf sm;ukd rv$r;f rk;d &? ok@d aomf tajccHOya' jyifqifcsuf rsm;onf zuf'&,f jynfaxmifpt k ajccHOya'ESihf vku d af vsmnDaxGr_ &S&d rnf? 250. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Constitution or the Constitution of the Federal Union of Burma or any future amendments to the same, the High Court of the Federal Union of Burma shall have the power of judicial review to protect the individual rights, as specified in the Federal Union Constitution, of any citizen of the Federal Union against the action of a state government other than his or her own.

250? TtajccHOya'. yk'rf rsm;/ ok@d r[kwf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k Oya' rsm; ok@d r[kwf xkOd ya'ESpcf pk vk;H . jyifqifcsurf sm;u wduspmG jyXmef; 135

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xm;aom woD;yk*v ~ tcGit hf a&;rsm;ESiyhf gwo f ufI jynfaxmifpEk idk if H om;rsm;tay: â&#x20AC;&#x161;if;. jynfe,ftpk;d &u vkyaf qmifrr_ sm;ukd zuf'&,f w&m;&k;H csKyfu Oya't& jyefvnfo;Hk oyfyidk cf iG &hf o dS nf? 251. The Government of the Federal Union shall have exclusive power to make laws on the following matters: i. Foreign policy and affairs except insofar as this subject is shared concurrently with Chinland, as described in the section of this Constitution listing concurrent powers; ii. The federal debt and property; iii. The raising of money by any mode or system of federal taxation; iv. The borrowing of money on public debt; v. The fixing of and providing for the salaries and allowances of civil and other officers of the Government of the Federal Union; vi. Quarantine; vii. Currency and coinage, viii. Monetary policy of the Federal Union; ix. Federal banking, incorporation of companies, banks and issue of paper money; x. Weight and measures; xi. Bills of exchanges, promissory notes, and negotiable instruments; xii. Copyrights, trademarks, and patents; xiii. Naturalization of aliens; xiv. Establishment, maintenance and management of federal penitentiaries; xv. Establishment, maintenance and management of Union-wide postal, telephonic, and telegraphic systems.

251? zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktpkd;&onf atmufygudpPrsm;wGif Oya'jyK ykid cf iG &hf o dS nf? 136

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1? TtajccHOya'Y zuf'&,ftpk;d &ESihf csi;f vJe;f tpk;d &wk@d u wJzG uf vkyaf qmifEidk o f nf[k jyXmef;xm;onfh udprP sm;rS vJI G Ekid if jH cm; a&;ay:vpDEiS ahf &;&mrsm;/ 2? zuf'&,fta?uG;rsm;ESiyhf idk q f idk rf r_ sm;/ 3? zuf'&,ftcGepf epfjzifh b¾maiGjr‡iw hf ifjcif;/ 4? jynfo@l taºuG;qyf&ef aiGacs;jcif;/ 5? zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pk;d &0efxrf;rsm;.vpmESihf cHpm;cGirhf sm; jyKjyifowfrw S jf cif;/ 6? aiGpuULESi'hf *F g;xkwjf cif;/ 7? zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k aiGa&;qkid &f may:vpDjyXmef;jcif;/ 8? zuf'&,fb%fvyk if ef;/ uky% R rD sm;aygi;f pnf;jcif;/ b%frsm;ESihf aiG puULykEH ySd jf cif;/ 9? a&m*grsm; rul;ap&ef oD;oef@xm;jcif;/ 10? tav;csed Ef iS chf sed w f , G jf cif;/ 11? aiGvv J ufrw S /f *wdpm&GuEf iS n hf E‡d id_ ;f I&aomt&mrsm;/ 12? xkwaf 0ykid q f idk rf /_ trSwt f om;ESirhf w S yf w Hk ifciG /hf 13? Ekid if jH cm;om;rsm; Ekid if o H m;jyKjcif;/ 14? zuf'&,ftusO;f axmifrsm; wnfaqmuf/ xdr;f odr;f uGuu f jJ cif;/ 15? jynfaxmifppk mwku d /f w,fvzD ek ;f ESiahf =u;eef;vkyif ef;rsm; wnf aqmuf/ xdr;f odr;f uGuu f jJ cif;? 252. The Government of the Federal Union and Chinland shall have concurrent powers on the following matters: i. Federal armed forces; ii. Federal seaways, highways, and airways; iii. Regulation of federal trade and commerce; iv. The census and official demographic statistics; v. Navigation and shipping; vi. Savings banks; vii. Interest rates and legal tender; viii. Bankruptcy and insolvency; ix. Beacons, buoys, and lighthouses; x. Foreign relations with countries friendly to the 137

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Federal Union for the purpose of seeking aid in developing social welfare, agriculture, health, education, and economic programs.

252? zuf'&,ftpk;d &ESihf csi;f vJe;f tpk;d &wk@d onf atmufygupd rP sm;wGif nDwl nDr#pmG Oya'jyK&rnf? 1? 2? 3? 4? 5? 6? 7? 8? 9? 10?

zuf'&,fvufeufuidk w f yfrsm;/ zuf'&,fa&a=umif;/ uke;f a=umif;ESiahf va=umif;rsm;/ zuf'&,fuek o f , G af &;qkid &f m Oya'jyXmef;jcif;/ vlO;D a&ESiv hf al er_jyef@ymG ;r_pm&if;Z,m;rsm;/ a&a=umif;ESiahf &a=umif;vrf;rsm;/ aiGpkb%frsm;/ twk;d E_e;f ESiw hf &m;0ifwif'grsm;/ vlrcGJ , H jl cif;ESiahf jz&Si;f jcif;rsm;/ rD;jyrsm;/ trSwt f om;rsm;ESiahf v,Oftcsujf yrsm;/ zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpEk iS ahf umif;rGeaf om qufqaH &;&So d nfEh idk if H rsm;xHrS vlr_zlv_Ha&;/ pkdufysKd;a&;/ usef;rma&;/ ynma&;ESifh pD;yGm;a&;rsm;wGif tultnDawmif;cHqufqjH cif;?

253. Over all other matters, Chinland shall have exclusive power. This exclusive power particularly extends but is not limited to: The stationing of federal troops in Chinland without the approval of two-thirds of both houses of the Chinland legislative assembly; and Communications and media, aside from the laws necessary to execute the Federal Union's power to establish, maintain, and manage Union-wide postal, telephonic, and telegraphic systems.

253? use&f adS om udpt P m;vk;H wGif csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G u Oya'jyKciG &hf o dS nf? Tvkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mukd uef@owfcsurf &Syd J qufvufw;dk cs@J Eidk o f nf? csif;vJef;Oya'jyKtzJG@ okH;ykHESpfykH. axmufcHcsufr&Sdv#if zuf'&,f wyfz@GJ rsm; csi;f vJe;f wGif pcef;rcs&? 254. There shall be two methods for determining whether the Government of the Federal Union has sought to 138

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exercise a power not granted to it by this Constitution. (i) The Supreme Court of the Government of the Federal Union of Burma may determine whether the Government of the Federal Union has exceeded its constitutional powers, and if so, it shall issue a judgment voiding the unconstitutional action; and (ii) The Chinland legislative assembly, by a twothirds majority vote of both houses of the legislature, may determine that the Government of the Federal Union has exceeded its constitutional powers, and if so, it may nullify the unconstitutional federal action in sofar as it applies to Chinland.

254? TtajccHOya't& zuf'&,ftpk;d &tm; vkyyf idk cf iG rhf ay;xm;aom t&mrsm;ukd zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktpkd;&u vkyfaqmifvmv#if atmufygenf; ESpef nf;jzifh ajz&Si;f &rnf? (1) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk w&m;&kH;csKyfu zuf'&,ftpkd;&.awmif;qkdr_rsm; tajccHOya'ESifh nDrnDudk qk;H jzwf+yD; ‚if;.vkyyf idk cf iG ahf bmifausmo f nf[k awG@&v dS #if tajccHOya'ESirhf nD!w G [ f k qk;H jzwf&rnf? (2) csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G ESpf&yf. okH;ykHESpfykHu zuf'&,ftpkd;&. awmif;qkdr_rsm; tajccH Oya'ESifhnDrnDukd qkH;jzwf+yD; ‚if;.vkyfykdifcGifhabmifausmfonf[k awG@&v dS #if tajccHOya'ESirfh nD!w G I f csi;f vJe;f wGif tusL;H r0if[k owfrw S &f rnf? 255. In the event that the Government of the Federal Union of Burma and the Government of Chinland take conflicting actions under their concurrent powers, the Upper House of the Government of the Federal Union of Burma shall pass a resolution to settle the conflict.

255? zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk ArmEdik if t H pd;k &ESihf csi;f vJe;f tpd;k &wd@k . yl;aygi;f vkyaf qmifrw _ iG f tjiif;yGm;jcif;jzpfv#if zuf'&,ftxufvw $ af wmfu qH;k jzwfcsujf zifh ajz&Si;f ay;&rnf?

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AMENDMENT

jyifqifjznfph u G jf cif; 256. Any Provision of this Constitution may be amended by the approval of 75 percent of the Members of both houses of the Chinland Legislature.

256? TtajccHOya'&Sd rnfonfyh 'k rf rqkd csi;f vJe;f Oya'jyKtzJ@G ESp&f yfpvk;H . 75 &mckid Ef e_ ;f u twnfjyKv#if jyifqifr_ jyK&rnf? 257. Any Provision of this Constitution may be amended by the approval of 65 percent of the enfranchised citizens of Chinland by referendum or initiative. The High Court of Chinland shall specify the procedures needful for the referendum and initiative processes.

257? TtajccHOya'. rnfonfyh 'k rf rqkd rJay;cGi&hf o dS l csi;f jynfot l m;vk;H . (65) &mckid Ef e_ ;f u qENc, H jl cif;jzifh jyifqif&ef oabmwlv#if jyifqif &rnf? csi;f vJe;f w&m;&k;H csKyfu jynfo@l qENc, H yl GJ rnfo@dk rnfyu Hk si;f y aqmif&u G &f rnfqo dk nf vkyx f ;Hk rsm;ukd jyXmef;ay;&rnf? APPENDIX (1)

tcsyfykd (1) Doctrinal Guidelines and Principles of the Chins on Federal Union

csi;f trsK;d om;wk@d . zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k ay: xm;&Sad om rl0g'vrf;!$erf sm;ESichf , H cl surf sm;? 1. The sole purpose of forming the Federal Union is to protect and promote the common interest, benefit, and security of distinct nationalities according to the federal principles known as "self-rule" and " shared-rule". Therefore the Federal Union shall be formed based on 140

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the National States, and the federal government shall be established for the purpose of protecting and promoting the common interests of the states.

1? zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k nfaxmif&jcif;. t"duta=umif;&if;wckrmS oD;jcm;pDjzpfaomvlrsKd;wpkpD. trsm;tusKd; pD;yGm;ESifhvkH+cHKr_ukd zuf'&,fpepfjzpfaom “uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKyfjcif;” ESihf “yl;aygi;f tkycf sKyfjcif;” jzifh jznfhqnf;&efjzpfonf? xkd@a=umifh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkukd trsKd;om;jynfe,frsms;jzifh zJG@pnf;&rnfjzpf+yD; zuf'&,ftpkd;&ukd jynfe,frsm;. tusK;d pD;yGm;umuG,zf @GH +zdK;a&;twGuo f m zJ@G pnf;&rnf? 2. In order to form the Federal Union, the Constitution of the Federal Union shall be drafted by representatives of the National States without nullifying the State Constitutions and without violating the principles of federalism.

2? zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpu k dk zJ@G pnf;Ekid &f ef zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk tajccH Oya'ukd trsKd;om;jynfe,f ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;u ‚if;wkd@jynfe,f toD;oD;. tajccHOya'rsm;ukd rysujf ym;apbJ zuf'&,fvrf;pOfEiS hf tnD a&;om;&rnf? 3. The Draft Constitution of the Federal Union shall be enforced only after its ratification by each National State by referendum or vote of the state legislature.

3? tqkdyg zuf'&,ftajccHOya'rl=urf;ukd trsKd;om;jynfe,fwpfckpD. jynforl sm;u qENc, H jl cif; ok@d r[kwf jynfe,fOya'jyK tzJ@G u vufcH twnfjyKjzpfjcif;rSom Oya'jzpfap&rnf? 4. Each Federal Defense Force shall be composed of roughly equal numbers of members from each National State. The officer corps of each Federal Defense Force shall be composed of roughly equal numbers of member from each National State. At least sixty percent of the officers with the rank of general or admiral and above shall come from National States other than Burma. The Federal Defense Forces shall 141

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be funded by the Federal Government.

4? zuf'&,fumuG,af &;wyfz@GJ udk trsK;d om;jynfe,frsm;rS wlnpD mG apv$wf xm;aom tiftm;jzifh zJ@G pnf;&rnf? xkd zuf'&,fumuG,af &;wyf. t&m&Sdrsm;ukdvnf; trsKd;om;jynfe,frsm;tvkduf tcsKd;usEkdifor# cef@tyf&rnf? tenf;qk;H 60 &mckid Ef e_ ;f &Sad om zuf'&,fumuG,af &; wyf. AkdvfcsKyf}uD;/ wyfrSL;csKyf/ txuft&m&Sdrsm;onf jrefrm r[kwfaom trsKd;om;rsm;jzpf&rnf? zuf'&,fumuG,fa&;wyfukd zuf'&,ftpk;d &u axmufy&hH rnf? 5. Each State shall choose a Justice to serve on the Supreme Court of the Federal Union, so as to protect and promote the spirit of the federalism and the interest and benefit of the Union, and this Court shall have the highest authority on interpretation of the Constitution of the Federal Union. The number of justices of the Federal Union Supreme Court shall be the lowest odd number that is either equal to the number of National States or one greater than the number of National States. In the latter case, the state of Burma shall send two justices to serve on the Supreme Court.

5? trsKd;om;jynfe,fwpkpDonf A[kdw&m;&kH;csKyfw&m;ol}uD;wOD;ukd zuf'&,f0g'ESijhf ynfaxmifpt k usK;d pD;yGm;rsm; umuG,w f ;dk wufap&ef zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktajccHOya'ukd bmomjyefrnfhtjrifhqkH;aom tm%m&St d jzpf a&G;cs,&f rnf? trsK;d om;jynfe,fO;D a&t& zuf'&,f w&m;ol}uD;OD;a&onf “r” *%ef;jzpfaev#if jrefrmtrsK;d om;jynfe,f u aemufxyfw&m;ol}uD;wOD;ukd a&G;cs,&f rnf? 6. The Council of Ministers shall contain at least one Minister and one Deputy Minister from each National State. The Minister and Deputy Minister for any given ministry shall never be from the same state. No National State shall have more than twice as many ministers on the Council of Ministers as any other National State. 142

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6? aumifpD0ef}uD;rsm;wGif tenf;qkH; 0ef}uD;wOD;ESifh'kwd,0ef}uD;wOD; trsK;d om;jynfe,fwpkprD S yg0ifap&rnf? 0ef}uD;Xmewck. 0ef}uD;ESihf 'kwd,0ef}uD;wkd@onf trsKd;om;jynfe,fwckrS rjzpfap&? rnfonfh trsK;d om;jynfe,frqkd wjcm;trsK;d om;jynfe,fxuf (2) qykI d aumifpD 0if0ef}uD;rsm; r&Sad p&? 7. In the Lower House (or House of Representatives), each National State shall be apportioned a number of representatives based on its respective population.

7? atmufv$wfawmf (jynfol@v$wfawmf) twGuf trsKd;om;jynfe,f wckpo D nf vlO;D a&tcsK;d tpm;tvdu k f ‚if;wk@d . uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;ukd a&G;aumuf&rnf? 8. In the Upper House (or House of Nationalities), each National State other than Burma shall receive an equal number of representatives. The State of Burma shall receive a sufficient number of representatives so that its percentage of representatives in the Upper House and its percentage of representatives in the Lower House, when combined, shall equal (as near as may be practicable) the percentage of representatives in the Upper House from other states and the percentage of representatives in the Lower House from other states, combined.

8? txufvw $ af wmf (trsK;d omv$waf wmf) wGif jrefrmtrsK;d om; jynfe,f rSvI GJ wjcm; trsK;d om;jynfe,ftm;vk;H wlnaD om uk, d pf m;vS,&f &Sd ap&rnf? jrefrmtrsK;d om;jynfe,f. txufvw $ af wmfEiS hf atmuf v$wfawmfESpf&yfaygif;. ukd,fpm;vS,fOD;a&onf wjcm;trsKd;om; jynfe,ftm;vk;H . txufvw $ af wmfEiS hf atmufvw $ af wmf ESp&f yfaygi;f uk, d pf m;vS,Of ;D a&ESihf wlnD (teD;pyfq;Hk ) ap&rnf? 9. The Members of both Houses and the Governors of the National States shall elect the President and Vice President of the Federal Union, according to a voting formula to be determined. The President and Vice 143

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President shall not be from the same State or Nationality.

9? v$waf wmfEpS &f yfpvk;H . uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf jynfe,ftyk cf sKyfa&;rSL;rsm; ukd zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwESihf 'kw, d orRwwk@d udk a&G;aumufjcif; qkid &f mOya'jyXmef;csuEf iS t hf nD a&G;cs,w f ifajrâ&#x20AC;¡muf&rnf? orRwESihf 'kw, d orRwonf jynfe,fwck ok@d r[kwf vlrsK;d wlrjzpfap&? 10.International treaties, bilateral treaties, and multilateral treaties shall not be enforced in the Federal Union without the consent and approval of a majority of the Upper House (or) House of Nationalities.

10? Ekid if w H umpmcsKyf/ oabmwlncD surf sm;/ ESpEf idk if =H um; oabmwlnD csuf rsm;tm;vk;H onf txufvw $ af wmf uk, d pf m;vS,t f rsm;pk. oabm wlncD surf &&Sv d #if zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k iG f tusL;H r0if&?

+++++++

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