Tarmac - Social impact in Hertfordshire

Creating social impact in Hertfordshire

2024

Creating social impact in Hertfordshire

Putting the ‘act’ into impact

Foreword

by David McCabe, Head of Land Development, Tarmac

Whether it’s the climate emergency, pressures on natural resources or inflation, there is an abundance of challenges we currently face as a society.

The responsibility to address these hurdles is a burden we all share and is something where Tarmac believes the built environment can play a significant role. Within the construction sector, the onus is clear for large organisations such as Tarmac to play its part and enact change.

We believe we’re well-placed to utilise the scale of our operations to accelerate the transition to a more sustainable, resilient built environment. Not only do we recognise the significant opportunity and role we can play, for us, it’s a moral imperative.

Tarmac employs over 7,500 people at more than 350 locations across the UK; supplying essential construction products to locally and nationally significant infrastructure projects. As a leader in the sector, we recognise the importance of thinking holistically about our operations –whether that’s the environmental, social or economic impact of our products and services.

Tarmac’s ‘building our future’ ethos forms a central part of the company’s ‘Act’ sustainability strategy; a ten-year roadmap which establishes our vision for: people – to become a great place to work, planet – to enhance the environment for future generations, and solutions – to create a healthy, sustainable built environment.

These missions enable Tarmac to deliver more sustainable communities, creating great places to live and work whilst improving lives and prosperity.

Focusing on Hertfordshire, the report outlines where we are currently delivering on social impact against our ‘Act’ strategy, and sets a framework for our long-term vision, looking ahead to 2030.

By effective placemaking, providing access to nature, and offering employment and training opportunities, we are committed to enhancing the wellbeing and growth of local communities.

The quantifiable impact of these operations is highlighted in this report. However, it is the qualitative changes – the improved mental and physical health of residents, the strengthened community ties, and the environmental rejuvenation – which will be the true measure of our success.

We believe carefully balancing economic growth with people, planet and place shouldn’t be mutually exclusive. Working in partnership with stakeholders across the county, achieving this balance can truly deliver for our community, environment and society.

David McCabe Head of Land Development, Tarmac

Social impact overview

£4m

Social impact across Hertfordshire

• Supporting culture, leisure and improving community cohesion

• Improving access to employment, education and skills

• Enhancing biodiversity and restoring landscapes

39

People employed across Hertfordshire

£1.16m

Social impact through giving local communities access to green space within 500m of their home

8

Local apprenticeships offered across the year 2022-23

£40,200

Social impact through mental and physical wellbeing support for local employees

464

Rare or protected species at Panshanger Park

What is social impact?

Supporting local people

5,165

Volunteer hours by local people in 2023 across Panshanger Park

17,341

Trees planted as part of the Queens Canopy, sequestering 3,767 tonnes CO2 over 100 years

990 acres

Accessible land that would otherwise have been closed to the public

To deliver meaningful social impact, we need to develop a full understanding of the communities, facilities and spaces people interact with day to day.

Through our research and work in the area, we can build a clear picture of the local need and how we can make a positive, tangible difference to people’s daily lives in Hertfordshire – socially, economically and environmentally.

Measurement

Social impact measurement has been explored since the 1930s. Today, there are several toolkits and measurement frameworks used when it comes to assessing social impact.

For this assessment, we have referred to the LOOP toolkit - a social value measurement tool that leans on the National Social Value Standard.

Measurement frameworks and proxy values can be used to provide a summary of the design decisions that deliver the greatest impacts to the local community, the environment and society.

Hertfordshire context

Hertfordshire is a diverse and far-reaching county with a population of approximately 1.2m people. Each of these residents and communities faces a variety of pressures, needs and desires that could be met through the built environment, directly or indirectly. The following key details have been highlighted for Hertfordshire:

Overall, public health is better than the national picture with life expectancy of 80 years for men and 84 years for women. (1)

Young people experience greater health risks with 19.7% of 4-5 year olds overweight or obese. (2)

Many young people are seeking additional support with 28.7% children eligible for free school meals. (3)

An average house in Hertfordshire costs 12.6 times the average salary compared to houses costing 8.3 times across England. (4)

More people are moving into employment and the claimant count has dropped from 3.5% in Aug 2021 to 2.6% in Aug 2023. (5) This includes apprenticeships with 5,440 new apprentice opportunities being started in 2021 alone. (6)

Higher than average CO2 emissions per km with the majority of emissions coming from transport and cropland. Domestic gas consumption also remains high. In 2022 6,678GWh of energy was provided by gas compared to 2,569GWh electric. (7)

Tarmac in Hertfordshire

Environmental restoration

Panshanger Park

Panshanger Park is a Historic England Grade II registered Park and Garden. The converted stable block, which is Grade II listed, is home to the Tarmac regional office.

Part of the site was formerly a quarry and Tarmac restored the land after operations ceased, resulting in over 400 acres of country park being made open to the public hosting a number of community events, a forest school, a parkrun, a local nature reserve as well as walking routes.

Waterford Heath

Waterford Heath is a 93-acre former sand and gravel quarry which was restored to species rich grassland and woodland. It is let under long term lease to Herts and Middlesex Wildlife trust who manage the site for nature conservation and public access and is designated as a county wildlife site.

Frogmore Park

Frogmore Park Estate extends to c.190 acres and is predominantly parkland surrounding the 19th century Frogmore Hall mansion. It is located in Hertfordshire to the south-east of Stevenage. It comprises the following areas:

• 105 acres of parkland let for grazing.

• 23 acres of arable land.

• Former quarry restored to consist of woodland and wetland areas which is designated a County Wildlife Site.

• Woodland.

• River Beane chalk river runs through the site.

Blackbridge

Blackbridge extends to 143 acres and is located east of the village of Wheathampstead in Hertfordshire. It is a former landfill site which was closed in the 1970s, it was poorly restored and is currently managed as rough grassland. The import of additional inert material would be required to improve the restoration and there is an extant planning permission in place to enable this. However a tripartite agreement between Tarmac, Herts County Council and St Albans district Council signed in 1973 prevents any further tipping taking place.

Tarmac would be keen to work to amend this tripartite agreement, unlocking opportunities to deliver an improved restoration. This would enhance biodiversity and provide leisure opportunities for local people on site.

Frogmore park is an important site for the grizzled skipper butterfly

Operational sites

Harper Lane Depot

Harper Lane is a large rail linked depot. The rail link brings in hard rock from Leicestershire, primarily to supply the onsite asphalt plant as well as dry stone for supply to the construction industry. Harper Lane is an important safeguarded industrial hub which also has a screed plant for flooring and produces recycled aggregates from the crushing and screening of demolition materials. The site serves not just the local Hertfordshire market, but also wider regional requirements.

Stevenage

Stevenage is a rail linked depot importing stone for the specialist onsite asphalt plant which produces high value coloured asphalts. This site is located within an urban industrial area.

Tyttenhanger

Tyttenhanger Quarry is a large sand and gravel quarry which supplies customers in South Hertfordshire and north London. The site also includes an inert landfill, bagging plant and ready-mix concrete (RMX) plant.

Sites for development

Birchall Garden Suburb

The Birchall Garden Suburb (BGS) vision is to create an integrated neighbourhood, whose residents – and those already living in the area – can access a range of essential amenities on their doorstep.

BGS will reflect Garden City design principles, which will be captured within a site-wide design code guiding all future detailed planning applications. It

will provide up to 2,650 new homes, two new neighbourhood centres with local shops, space for healthcare and services, three schools – two primary and one secondary, children’s play areas, two community centres, and extensive amounts of new open space - all within a short 15-minute walk or a cycle journey.

The site will have a net positive contribution to open space with a vast (c75 hectare) new central public parkland – Birchall Common - making up around half of the site, along with new sports pitches, children’s play and allotments.

Case study

Birchall Garden Suburb will create a thriving new place and community, supported by extensive new infrastructure.

Birchall Garden Suburb

• Up to 2,650 new homes.

• 2 new neighbourhood centres with local shops, space for healthcare and services.

• 2 community centres.

• 3 new schools on site including what will be the first new secondary school built in Herts for 60 years.

• Football pitches on site.

• 15-minute community principles applied.

• 113 ha of new open space including a central 76 hectare parkland which is 50% larger than Stanborough Park – currently the largest open space in WGC.

• Potential to generate £160m social impact.

Briggens

Briggens Estate is being promoted by Tarmac as a suitable site for sand and gravel extraction within the emerging Hertfordshire Minerals and Waste Local Plan.

Colney Heath

The landholding at Colney Heath is set over 43 hectares and can deliver a wide range of high-quality development and open spaces. Land uses that could be accommodated 45 homes, as well as an area identified as being able to accommodate almost four hectares of employment land adjacent to the A414.

The majority of the land is planned to be open space in the form of a country park which can deliver a high quality space for the benefit of the public and also for nature.

Land South of A414 at Tyttenhanger

The overall landholding at Tyttenhanger is approximately 31 hectares and comprises an active sand and gravel quarry, concrete plant and an unused triangular piece of land to the west, with the parcels dissected by a private road. In the longer term, the site could deliver a broad range of uses, comprising employment, commercial, leisure and residential on the land adjacent to the A414.

Delivering a country park which can provide a high quality space for the benefit of the public and also for nature

Impact through sites and land

Tarmac’s operations across Hertfordshire focus on tackling the challenges faced by people, planet and place alike.

People

We know that there is long-term social impact when we create places that allow communities to grow, support one another, learn from neighbours and access services and facilities.

All of these combined can lead to improvements in mental and physical wellbeing, ensuring people are more able to tackle problems and play a part in society.

By creating homes, providing access to nature and giving people employment and training opportunities, Tarmac is helping to support local people.

The social benefits delivered across Hertfordshire directly due to Tarmac’s operations, apprenticeships and employment strategies amount to £171,509 of social impact.

Supporting local initiatives, schools and charities

Tarmac’s work focuses on connecting with local communities and developing long-lasting relationships. Across Hertfordshire, the team is committed to engaging with local people as sites are developed.

Beyond changes on site, the team also work with existing community groups and organisations, supporting their work through funding, volunteering hours and provision of space for activities and events.

As a business, 276 Tarmac employees have volunteered at one-to-one educational events, such as careers days and Science, Technology, Engineering, and Maths (STEM) events.

Creating places

A key part of Tarmac’s work focuses on restoring land and putting it to new uses once quarrying has ended. The land is given back to nature and to people, being used as a tool for education and a space for people to explore.

Providing homes

Tarmac is bringing forward sites that will deliver homes for local people, most notably up to 2,650 at Birchall Garden Suburb. These will be supported by schools, employment spaces and retail opportunities.

Providing homes near to green spaces, sports and education facilities can all be attributed towards creating social impact. At this early stage we anticipate the social impact of Birchall Garden Suburb being upwards of £160m.

Creating long term jobs and training within the community

Having access to job opportunities improves our wellbeing through a sense of worthwhileness and belonging. Tarmac continues to grow as a business and employ more local people into suitable roles year on year.

Across Tarmac:

• Achieved Gold in the 5% Club recognising achievement in providing early careers opportunities (meaning 5% of the workforce are young people on training schemes).

• 78 mental health first aiders trained across the business.

• 3,421 staff have received face-to-face medicals.

Across Hertfordshire:

• 39 direct jobs for local people across Tarmac’s operations (people who live and/or work in Hertfordshire).

• Engagement with company-wide wellbeing strategy for all employees.

The retention of local jobs equates to £32,554 of social impact and the engagement of staff in physical and mental wellbeing initiatives is equivalent to £40,200.

Providing apprenticeships

The Hertfordshire Local Enterprise Partnership (LEP) is working towards increasing ‘the total number of Hertfordshire residents accessing apprenticeships by 40%, from 5,435 in 2021/22 to 7,609 in 2024/25’.

To support this Tarmac has offered eight apprenticeships across Hertfordshire sites.

This includes four people on the plant operator development programme (PODP) where apprentices learn as a multi-skilled operatives.

Three of these are levy learners. This programme allows employees to complete an apprenticeship as an existing employee and use funding to help with their professional development.

For every apprenticeship provided there is the equivalent of £11,849 social impact. This means that across the year 2022-23 Tarmac’s direct employment of apprentices was equivalent to £98,755 social impact.

Impact through sites and land

Planet

As part of our operations, Tarmac has the potential to reduce environmental impacts and meet demand in a responsible way, using resources efficiently and making positive contributions through stewardship of sites.

The environmental impacts generated through nature restoration at Panshanger and Hertfordshire wide initiatives to reduce CO2 are equivalent to £3.8m in long-term benefits for the local area. This is largely due to increased access to green spaces close to people’s homes, as well as benefits for wider society through helping to reach climate targets.

Tarmac aims to restore quarry sites that have reached the end of their use and return them to nature, creating spaces for people and planet to thrive

Creating access to open space

Tarmac holds 2,222 acres of freehold land and 498 acres of leasehold land across Hertfordshire. Of this, 990 acres is accessible land that would otherwise have been closed to the public.

This is achieved through the creation of entrance points, footpaths, wayfinding and car parks at various sites. These sites have reached the end of their use as quarry sites and this allows Tarmac to restore them and return them to nature, creating spaces for people and planet to thrive.

Having access to open space has a huge impact on people’s mental and physical wellbeing. Natural England mapping shows that only 31.8% of people in Hertfordshire have publicly accessible green spaces that are likely to be moderate to high in terms of biodiversity (nature rich) qualities within close proximity of their homes.

We know that through these sites, Tarmac provides upwards of 75,000 people per year with access to countryside green space.

There are approximately 4,402 homes within 500m of Panshanger Park, giving residents access to desirable natural areas and environmental resources. The total social impact of giving people access to this space is valued at £1.16m.

•

• Signage that gives detail on the species living on site.

• Facilities that help manage and maintain the land such as parking, seating and waste disposal

• Creating designated routes also makes these areas more accessible, providing rest places and level access, removing barriers for those with reduced mobility, older and younger people. Our green space

Over 25km of public footpaths have been created across the Panshanger site.

Panshanger Park

Waterford Heath

Impact through sites and land

Restoring and protecting habitats

Tarmac is committed to returning land to nature. This work focuses on creating habitats as part of our quarry restoration and development schemes well as managing existing habitat to ensure species can thrive. On some sites low intensity grazing has been introduced to enable natural processes to develop more structurally diverse habitats.

Dragonfly walk

Panshanger Park is home to 19 species of dragonfly and damselfly. In 2023, the British Dragonfly Society recognised Panshanger Park as a dragonfly hotspot.

Natural England has suggested a fifth of England’s population cannot use the public right network due to mobility issues. As a result, Tarmac has provided surfaced routes on the Dragonfly Trail, which is accessible from the car park for those with mobility issues.

Panshanger Park

Panshanger has been maintained as a Country Park and Nature Reserve since 2014. With over 500 veteran trees across the site, it has immense biological value, with a 24km path network enabling visitors to explore both the Country Park and wider estate.

Day-to-day management of the park is undertaken by the Maydencroft team which includes three full time rangers supported by an estates manager.

Volunteering and community engagement is led by a people and wildlife officer, a role that sits within the Herts and Middlesex Wildlife Trust and is funded by Tarmac. The people and wildlife officer is responsible for developing and growing a volunteer community, co-ordinating biological recording, organising community events and school visits, and overseeing the delivery of the Nature Reserve plan.

Biodiversity net gain

For longer than has been mandated, Tarmac has been delivering biodiversity net gain (BNG) across all sites once restored. This includes the creation of a number of UK priority habitats.

Within Hertfordshire particular focus has been on recording the BNG across Tyttenhanger and Panshanger, both of which have been restored to provide habitats for native species and wildlife.

Volunteering and community engagement is led by a people and wildlife officer, a role that sits within the Herts and Middlesex Wildlife Trust and is funded by Tarmac

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions

The planet is warming at beyond sustainable rates and Tarmac is committed to reducing overall emissions from their operations, delivering carbon neutrality along value chains.

Across Tarmac:

• 30% absolute reduction in CO2e emissions by 2030* (from a 2021 baseline).

• 223,041 trees planted.

• Over 7 million tonnes of waste and secondary materials from other sectors used as raw materials or fuels.

The diversion of waste from landfill nationally equates to £494m of social impact.

Within Hertfordshire:

• 17,000 trees planted at Panshanger site, sequestering up 3,476 tonnes of CO2 over 100 years.

• Largest producer of materials across Hertfordshire in volume and range, meeting a vital need across the construction and highways sectors.

• New investment made at Harper Lane towards modern plant and equipment, reducing energy usage.

Case study Panshanger Park

Located within the beautiful Hertfordshire countryside, Panshanger Park is a spectacular site, rich in biodiversity and with a fascinating history.

Owned by Tarmac since the 1980s, with parts of the site previously quarried for sand and gravel, Panshanger Park opened for the public to enjoy in 2014.

Much of the 1,000-acre country park is supported through partnerships between Tarmac and the Herts and Middlesex Wildlife Trust, Hertfordshire County Council, British Dragonfly Society, The Wild Trout Trust, Natural England and Historic England.

Through this support, Tarmac’s management plan has seen the restoration and creation of a range of valuable wildlife habitats, including arable farming and a new section of globally significant chalk river and several lakes.

River Mimram - Chalk Stream

There are only 180 chalk streams in the world, 90% of which can be found in Southern England. The River Mimram, the jewel of Hertfordshire’s rivers, can be found on the Panshanger estate. Part of the work on site has been to preserve and enhance this precious ecosystem.

The chalk collects and filters rainwater, with consistent water temperatures throughout the year, creating a stable habitat. Phosphate and nitrate levels are much lower than in a clay river, suggesting less pollutants. The fast-flowing water also provides sustainable habitats for fish species such as trout, as well as plants such as mash marigolds, water parsnips and water buttercup.

Panshanger Park in numbers

Overview

• Panshanger is now a managed country park with 25km of footpaths

• It attracts 75,000 visitors per year, enjoyed by birdwatchers, walkers, cyclists, runners, dog walkers and anglers

• The park spans:

- 158 hectares of woodland

- 59 hectares of grassland

- 27 hectares of wetland

Rich in biodiversity

• 464 rare or protected species

• Species include:

- 122 Mosses and liverworts

- 85 Other invertebrates

- 1,617 Insects

- 335 Fungi

- 537 Plants

- 17 Fish

- 143 Birds

- 6 Amphibians and reptiles

- 9 Slime mould

- 37 Terrestrial mammals

- 83 Lichens

Community benefit over the past year

• Events at Panshanger, such as guided warden walks and biological monitoring sessions, have engaged with 4,222 individuals

• Building relationships with 7 local primary schools and 2 secondary schools

• Over 100 active volunteers taking part

• 5,165 volunteer hours

• 587 organised volunteering opportunities, including biodiversity surveys, training and wellbeing sessions

Environmental benefit

• Planted 17,341 trees as part of the Queen’s Canopy initiative for the Platinum Jubilee

• Restored to range of habitats including globally rare chalk streams

• New Parkland Management Plan will deliver

– Expansion of wood pasture

– Veteran tree management

– Planting of more parkland trees

– River restoration

• Biological monitoring surveys, including:

- Butterflies

- Small mammals

- Amphibians and reptiles

- Water voles

- Riverfly

- Dragonflies

Purpose

Employee wellbeing

Tarmac strives to create a culture that enables positive wellbeing. This includes mental, physical and financial wellbeing, ensuring all aspects of our employees’ lives are supported.

Measures to support staff include:

• Regular employee ‘Listen & Learn’ webinars, covering all areas of wellbeing.

• An employee assistance programme (EAP) which helps individuals receive support.

• Partnership with Salary Finance – a financial wellbeing provider that aims to help people become financially happier and healthier.

• Formation of employee communities around themes including; Female voice, Menopause support, Mental health and wellbeing, LGBTQ+, REACH (religion, ethnic and cultural heritage), Parents and carers, Ability (physical and non-physical disabilities including neurodiversity), Inclusion and diversity champions, Sustainability, Go digital, Early careers, and Ex-armed forces and emergency services.

Creating a space where people feel they can talk to colleagues, reducing loneliness and feelings of exclusion has a positive social impact.

For every employee whose mental health benefits from these interventions, there is an equivalent of £761 of social impact. This means that across Hertfordshire staff could see up to £29,695 of social benefit.

Equally improvements to physical health can be measured at £269 per person. This suggests an additional £10,505 of social impact across Hertfordshire.

Tarmac strives to create a culture that enables positive wellbeing where all aspects of our employees’ lives are supported

Supporting local communities Charity donations

As part of Tarmac’s commitments to build strong and lasting relationships with local communities, a number of donations have been made.

Between 2019-2021 these donations were equivalent to £10,390 made to Welwyn Garden City Centenary Foundation Ltd, Welwyn Wheelers Cycle Club and sponsorship of the Welwyn 10km event hosted by the Garden City Runners.

Events and community days

Tarmac aims to improve lives through prosperity and making communities better.

Alongside land management and development, there are a number of events that Tarmac support to ensure the local communities feel connected and benefit from the time, resources and funding that Tarmac can offer.

Past events have included:

• Sponsorship of the Herts Show.

• Sponsorship of and participation in the Tour of Hertfordshire.

• Hosting the Festival of Wildlife at Panshanger. This was sponsored and hosted by Tarmac but run by Wildlife trust. This weekend event included tours of the site explaining quarrying process and benefits as well as giving the public greater insight in to the nature found at Panshanger.

• Hosting Panshanger biodiversity conference, a free event for the public which aims to teach locals about the biodiversity of Panshanger.

• Hosting and sponsorship of the Welwyn 10k run event.

• Hosting and facilitating of the local Parkrun.

• Dragonfly Hotspot Launch, where a new path was installed as part of the trail, which included a public launch day featuring family-focused events.

Volunteering

Tarmac is committed to providing a net positive contribution to local communities. One way of achieving this is through our people volunteering to support local community groups and activities, and Tarmac encourages all employees to take part in at least half a day’s volunteering a year.

Activities must meet at least one of the following three themes:

1. Building stronger community relations

2. Supporting education and development of young people and increasing employment opportunities

3. Improving the local environment and nature conservation

Across the whole business, Tarmac has recorded over 4,450 volunteer hours. By 2030, the team target completing 100,000 hours of volunteering.

Appendix

A framework for the future

Tarmac is committed to continuously improving upon the impacts and commitments detailed in this report. Across Hertfordshire the team have set an ambition to drive forward nature restoration, community work and volunteering to support people and planet.

Our vision across Hertfordshire is to continue to do the following:

People

Creating places

Prioritise giving people access to nature and creating sense of community cohesion.

Creating jobs and training

Offer apprenticeships to local people and encouraging existing staff to take on new training opportunities.

Access to nature

As sites are restored Tarmac will continue to exceed 10% BNG on site, focusing on native species, restorative agriculture and low-impact land management methods.

Restoring habitats

Once quarrying work is complete, sites will be given back over to people and planet to enhance local environments.

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions: Tarmac will play its part in helping the UK reach 2030 and 2050 climate targets. This means a 30% reduction in absolute CO2 emissions by 2030.

Purpose

Employee wellbeing

Continue to offer mental and physical wellbeing support for all staff and ensuring a safe and equitable working environment.

Supporting local communities

Continue to open sites to local residents and host community events, parkrun and charity days.

Volunteering

Ensure that volunteers remain and integral part of the successful running of sites and land management. Giving people the opportunity to connect with one another and learn new skills.

(1) Department of Health Improvements & Disparities: Productive Healthy Aging, Hertfordshire profile.

https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/profile/healthy-ageing/ data#page/1/gid/1938133280/ati/402/iid/92443/ age/168/sex/4/cat/-1/ctp/-1/yrr/1/cid/4/tbm/1

(2) Department of Health Improvements & Disparities: Child and Maternal Health, Hertfordshire profile.

https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/profile/child-health-profiles/ data#page/1/gid/1938133224/pat/15/par/E92000001/ ati/502/are/E10000015/yrr/1/cid/4/tbm/1

(3) gov.uk: ‘Free school meals – number of FSM eligible pupils – Spring 2016 to Spring 2020 plus Autumn 2020’ from ‘Free school meals: Autumn term’

https://explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk/ data-tables/permalink/f04a422e-a42b-4c3b-9b070b6fb83de506

(4) Department of Health Improvements & Disparities: Wider Detriments to Health, Hertfordshire profile

https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/profile/wider-determinants/ data#page/3/gid/1938133043/pat/6/par/E12000006/ ati/502/are/E10000015/iid/93111/age/1/sex/4/cat/-1/ ctp/-1/yrr/1/cid/4/tbm/1

(5) gov.uk: CC01 Regional labour market: Claimant Count by unitary and local authority

https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/ peoplenotinwork/unemployment/datasets/ claimantcountbyunitaryandlocalauthorityexperimental

(6) Hertfordshire LEP Apprenticeship: Growth Strategy for Hertfordshire 2022 – 2025

https://www.hertfordshirelep.com/media/ ve4n4ssb/apprenticeship-growth-strategy-forhertfordshire-2022-2025.pdf

(7) Department for Energy Security and Net Zero: UK greenhouse gas emissions: local authority and regional, January 2024

https://www.data.gov.uk/dataset/723c243d-2f1a-4d278b61-cdb93e5b10ff/uk-greenhouse-gas-emissions-localauthority-and-regional