Ethical and Legal Implications
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Description
Ethical and Legal Implications
Excellent Good Fair Poor
Explain the ethical and legal implications of the scenario you selected on all stakeholders involved such as the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and the patient’s family.
Points Range:23 (2 3.00%) –25 (25.00%) The response accurately and thoroughly explains in detail the ethical and legal implications of the scenario selected on all stakeholders involved.
Points Range:20 (2 0.00%) –22 (22.00%) The response explains the ethical and legal implications of the scenario selected on all stakeholders involved. The response
Points Range:18 (1 8.00%) –19 (19.00%)
The response inaccurately or vaguely explains the ethical and legal implications of the scenario selected for all stakeholders involved.
Points Range:0 (0. 00%) –17 (17.00% )
The
The response vaguely and inaccuratel y explains the ethical and legal implication s of the scenario selected for all stakeholder s involved,
Describe strategies to address disclosure and nondisclosure as identified in the scenario selected. Be sure to reference laws specific to your state.
The response includes accurate, clear, and detailed explanations as to how these implications affect the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and the patient’s family.
includes accurate explanations as to how these implications affect the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and the patient’s family.
response includes vague explanations as to how these implications affect the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and the patient’s family.
or the response is missing. The response vaguely and inaccuratel y explains how these implication s affect the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and the patient’s family, or is missing.
Points Range:18 (1 8.00%) –20 (20.00%)
An accurate, detailed, and clear description of strategies to address disclosure and nondisclosur
Points Range:16 (1 6.00%) –17 (17.00%)
An accurate description of strategies to address disclosure and nondisclosur e as identified in
Points Range:14 (1 4.00%) –15 (15.00%)
A vague or inaccurate description of strategies to address disclosure and nondisclosur e as
Points Range:0 (0. 00%) –13 (13.00% )
A vague and inaccurate description of strategies to address disclosure
e as identified in the scenario selected is provided. The response includes specific, detailed, and accurate reference to state laws related to the scenario.
the scenario selected is provided. The response includes accurate reference to state laws related to the scenario.
identified in the scenario selected is provided. The response includes inaccurate or vague reference to state laws related to the scenario.
and nondisclos ure as identified in the scenario selected is provided, or is missing. The response includes vague and inaccurate reference to state laws related to the scenario, or is missing.
Explain two strategies that you, as an advanced practice nurse would use to guide your decision making in this scenario, including whether you would disclose your error. Be sure to justify your explanation.
Points Range:18 (1 8.00%) –20 (20.00%)
The response accurately and thoroughly explains in detail at least two
Points Range:16 (1 6.00%) –17 (17.00%)
The response accurately explains at least two strategies that an advanced
Points Range:14 (1 4.00%) –15 (15.00%)
The response inaccurately or vaguely explains at least two strategies that an
Points Range:0 (0. 00%) –13 (13.00% ) The response inaccuratel y and vaguely explains only one
practice nurse would use to guide decision making in the scenario. The response accurately explains whether they would disclose the error, including an accurate justification for the explanation provided.
Good Fair Poor strategies that an advanced practice nurse would use to guide decision making in the scenario. The response accurately and completely explains whether they would disclose the error, including an accurate, detailed, and clear justification for the explanation provided.
advanced practice nurse would use to guide decision making in the scenario, or only explains one strategy. The response inaccurately or vaguely explains whether they would disclose the error, including a justification that is vague, inaccurate, or misaligned to the explanation provided.
strategy that an advanced practice nurse would use to guide decision making in the scenario, or is missing. The response inaccuratel y and vaguely explains whether they would disclose the error, with no justificatio n provided, or is missing.
Explain the process of writing prescriptions including strategies to Points Range:18 (1 Points Range:16 (1 Points Range:14 (1 Points Range:0 (0.
minimize medication errors.
8.00%) –20 (20.00%)
The response provides an accurate, detailed, and thorough explanation of the process of writing prescriptions , including detailed strategies to minimize medication errors.
6.00%) –17 (17.00%)
The response provides an accurate explanation of the process of writing prescriptions , including some strategies to minimize medication errors.
4.00%) –15 (15.00%)
The response provides an inaccurate or vague explanation of the process of writing prescriptions , including inaccurate or vague strategies to minimize medication errors.
00%) –13 (13.00% )
The response provides an inaccurate and vague explanation of the process of writing prescriptio ns, including inaccurate and vague strategies to minimize medication errors, or is missing.
Written Expression and Formatting –Paragraph Development and Organization:
Paragraphs make clear points that support well developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused–neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance.
Points Range:5 (5.0 0%) –5 (5.00%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.
Points Range:4 (4.0 0%) –4 (4.00%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time.
Points Range:3.5 (3 .50%) –3.5 (3.50%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%–79% of the time.
Points Range:0 (0. 00%) –3 (3.00%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity less than 60% of the time.
Written Expression and Formatting –English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation
Points Range:5 (5.0 0%) –5 (5.00%)
Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors
Points Range:4 (4.0 0%) –4 (4.00%) Contains a few (1–2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors
Points Range:3.5 (3 .50%) –3.5 (3.50%) Contains several (3–4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors
Points Range:0 (0. 00%) –3 (3.00%) Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuatio n errors that interfere with the reader’s understandi ng
Written Expression and Formatting –
The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running head, parenthetical/intext citations, and reference list.
Scenario below: Advanced knowledge of pharmacotherapeutics is essential for an advanced practice nurse. The patient’s age, genetics, and metabolism are a few factors that influence how the patient may respond to the medication. When planning care for any patient population, understanding pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is a critical component in effectively developing a patient-focused drug therapy
Points Range:5 (5.0 0%) –5 (5.00%)
Uses correct APA format with no errors
Points Range:4 (4.0 0%) –4 (4.00%) Contains a few (1–2) APA format errors
plan. Pharmacokinetics is the study of drug movement throughout the body, and this includes how the drug is absorbed, metabolized, distributed, and excreted. Pharmacodynamics is how the body responds to the drug and the mechanisms of their actions (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2018). Description of the Patient Case James was a 69 year-old African- American male, escorted into the emergency department (ED) by police for acute psychosis and manic behavior. James was picked up off the streets, handcuffed, and appeared to be homeless. The initial assessment of James was extremely agitated, combative, hyperverbal, and was hallucinating as well.
The ordering physician ordered a combination medication of Lorazepam, Haldol, and Benadryl. After receiving the IM injection, James appeared to be more relaxed and less aggressive; he was placed on direct observation and assigned a safety companion. An hour after being medicated, his behavior escalated, and restraints were used due to his increasing agitation and combative behavior. James’s case is unique because, at the time that he presented to the
ED, the staff or the police were aware of his medical history. Searching in the belongings, I was able to find a phone number. James was an Alzheimer’s (AD) patient that manage to hitchhike from Chicago. James was reported missing six months before showing up in Florida. The patient was in a locked unit but managed to elope in hopes of finding his wife, whom he buried in Sarasota. The kidneys excrete most medications; pharmacokinetics in patients sixty-five or older is altered by the loss of kidney function (Aymanns, Keller, Maus, Hartman & Czock, 2010; Rosenthal & Burchum, 2018). Due to the complexity of comorbidities, polypharmacy, and age related changes in liver/kidneys, pharmacotherapy is challenging, and drug interactions or toxicity can occur ( Boparai & Korc-Grodzicki, 2011). The personalized plan of care for James would be a modified confusion assessment method (mCAM-ED) and a reality orientation. Behavioral symptoms change and evolve throughout dementia; agitation, restlessness, and hallucinations are frequent in these patients,
reduction in agitation rather than sedation is a goal of treatment in most cases ( Casey, 2015). Instead of using Lorazepam, the first drug of choice would be Haldol, which has a shorter halflife, causes less sedation, respiratory depression, and has minimal effects on BP (Calver & Isbister, 2013).
References: Aymanns, C., Keller, F., Maus, S., Hartman, B., & Czock, D. (2010). Review on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and the aging kidney. Clinical Journal of American Society of Nephrology, 5(2). doi: 10.2215/CJN.03960609
Boparai, M., & Korc-Grodzicki, B. (2011). Prescribing for older adults. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine: A Journal of Translational and Personalized Medicine, 78(4), 613–626. doi: 10.1002/msj.20278 Calver, L., & Isbister, G. K. (2013). Parenteral sedation of elderly patients with acute behavioral disturbance in the ED. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 31(6), 970-3. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/ 10.1016/j.ajem.2013.03.026
Casey D. A. (2015). Pharmacotherapy of
neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia. P
& T: a peer reviewed journal for formulary management, 40(4), 284–287. Hasemann, W., Grossmann, F. F., Stadler, R., Bingisser, R., Breil, D., Hafner, M., & Kressig, R. W. (2018). Screening and detection of delirium in older ED patients: performance of the modified Confusion Assessment Method for the Emergency Department (mCAM-ED). A two-step tool. Internal and Emergency Medicine, (6), 915. https://doiorg.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/1 0.1007/s11739-017-1781-y
Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2018). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice providers. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.