SW Quention- Will our leavening agent cause our bread to rise? Hypothesis- Since we’re using carbon dioxide as a leavening agent, I think the bread is going to rise up and become a loaf. Difference between this one and the control groups: Need ingredients (name and quality) and procedures: Sourdough starter. 6.5 cups of white flour. 2.5 cups of water. A tablespoon of salt. Carbon dioxide. YEAST (Control) Yeast Procedure: -Combine all of the ingredients in a large mixing bowl, For first-timers, "lukewarm" means about 105°F. Mix and stir everything together to make a very sticky, rough dough. If you have a stand mixer, beat at medium speed with the beater blade for 30 to 60 seconds. -Next, you're going to let the dough rise, just let it stay there, covering the bucket with a lid or plastic wrap. -Cover the bowl or bucket, and let the dough rise at room temperature for 2 hours. Then refrigerate it for at least 2 hours, or for up to about 7 days. -When you're ready to make bread, sprinkle the top of the dough with flour; this will make it easier to grab a hunk. Grease your hands, and pull off about 1/4 to 1/3 of the dough. It'll be about the size of a softball, or a large grapefruit. -Plop the sticky dough onto a floured work surface, and round it into a ball, or a longer log. -Place the loaf on a piece of parchment; or onto a lightly greased or parchment-lined baking sheet. Sift a light coating of flour over the top. -Let the loaf warm to room temperature and rise; this should take about 60 minutes or longer. -If you're using a baking stone, position it on a middle rack while the oven preheats. Place a shallow metal or cast iron pan on the lowest oven rack, and have 1 cup of hot water ready to go. Preheat your oven to 450°F while the loaf rests. -When you're ready to bake, take a sharp knife and slash the bread 2 or 3 times, making
a cut about 1/2" deep. -Place the bread in the oven and carefully pour the 1 cup hot water into the shallow pan on the rack beneath. -Bake the bread for 25 to 35 minutes. -Remove the bread from the oven, and cool it on a rack. Store leftover bread in a plastic bag at room temperature. HOMEMADE SOURDOUGH (Experimental #2)
● First you must make the starter for this bread. You mix 1 cup of flour and ½ cup of water into a bowl after this you cover it with a cheesecloth. Everyday for a week you take half of the dough and put it in a separate jay, you then replace the missing dough with another cup of flour and another ½ cup of water. ● When you are ready to make the dough you will be baking bring out your starter, more flour, salt, and water. ● Take out ¼ cup of starter and put it in a pereate bowl. ● Add 3 ⅓ cups of flour to the bowl. ● Add 1 ½ cups of water to the bowl. ● Mix well. ● Let it rest and ferment for 15- 60 minutes. ● Add 1 1/16 or a teaspoon of salt. ● Knead well for 10-15 minutes. ● Check to see if the dough is kneaded enough by doing a windowpane test. ● Make the dough into a loaf. ● Set the oven to 500 degrees for less than an hour. ● Place your loaf of bread inside of the oven for 1-3 hours at 400 degrees. ● Ideally your loaf should be 195 degrees when fully cooked. BAKING SODA (Experimental #1) Baking Soda Procedure:
1. Preheat oven to 450 fahrenheit. 2. Place flour, sugar, baking soda, and salt into a large bowl and whisk together. 3. Make a well in the center and pour in most of the buttermilk, leaving about ¼ cup in the measuring cup. Using a fork, or one hand with your fingers outstretched like a claw, bring the flour and liquid together, adding more buttermilk, if necessary. Don’t knead the mixture, or it will become heavy. The dough should be soft, but not too wet and sticky. 4. When the dough comes together, turn it onto a floured work surface and bring it together a little more. Pat the dough into a roundabout 1½ inches thick and cut a deep cross in it. Place on a baking sheet.
5. Bake for 15 minutes. Turn down the heat to 400° and bake for 20-30 minutes more. When done, the loaf will sound slightly hollow when tapped on the bottom and be golden in color. One way to check if your bread is done is to use a thermometer. Cook until temperature in center reaches 195-200 degrees. COMMERCIAL SOURDOUGH (Experimental #3, My Groups’ Bread) Commercial Sourdough Procedure: 1. Mix the sourdough starter, flour, and salt together. Add 1 cup water and then more as needed to make a moist bread dough. 2. Knead the dough until it passes the “windowpane test” (about 20 minutes): a small piece of dough will stretch between 4 fingers without breaking thin enough to allow light to pass through. 3. Shape the dough into a loaf. Place it in a pan, proofing basket, or on a board. Cover the dough lightly with a towel and allow the dough to rise for 4-24 hours. 4. Slice an X shape in the top of the loaf with a very sharp knife or razor blade. 5. Bake at 400°F for 30-60 minutes, depending on the size of the loaf, until the internal temperature reaches 210°F (use a meat thermometer inserted into the bottom or side of the loaf). Cool before slicing. DENNIS’ SOURDOUGH (Experimental #4) Dennis’ Sourdough Procedure: Make sure your sourdough culture is active Make the leaven (overnight) Test that the leaven is ready Dissolve the salt Mix the leaven and water Add the flour Rest the dough (30 minutes, or up to 4 hours) Mix in the salt Begin folding the dough (2 1/2 hours) Let the dough rise undisturbed (30 to 60 minutes) Prepare 2 bread proofing baskets, colanders, or mixing bowls Shape the loaves Transfer to the proofing baskets Let the dough rise (3 to 4 hours, or overnight in the fridge)
Heat the oven to 500°F Transfer the loaves to the Dutch ovens Score the top of the loaf Bake the loaves for 20 minutes Reduce the oven temperature to 450°F and bake another 10 minutes Remove the lids and continue baking 15 to 25 minutes Bake another 15 to 25 minutes Cool the loaves completely 3. Variables: Read each recipe and write down any variables that are different, aside from the leavening agent. Variable
Control Group
Exp. Group 1
Exp. Group 2
Exp. Group 3
Exp. Group 4
Flour type
All-purpose
All-purpose
All-purpose
All-purpose
All-purpose
Dough rise time
60+ minutes
none
15-60 minutes
4-24 hours
30-60 minutes
Oven temp. (all in degrees F)
450
450-400
400
400
500-450
Bake time
25-35 minutes
15 minutes, then 20-30 (35-45 minutes total)
1-3 hours
30-60 minutes
50-70 minutes
Dough amount
⅓ of the original dough.
All of the dough.
All of the dough.
All of the dough.
All of the dough.
Other
Uses yeast in tablespoons,
Uses buttermilk.
Uses lots of flour (10
(no difference,
Uses more water than
not sure how that works.
cups).
this is my bread)
the others.
6. Observations: After baking, measure the height of each loaf. Then taste each one and record your observations. Observation
Control Group
Exp. Group 1
Exp. Group 2
Height
2.5”
3.5”
3”
Taste
Tastes the most like bread out of all of them, a little like Panera Bread bread.
Brittle crust, Floury, kind with the of sour, not bread itself very good. being kinda crunchy, which wasn’t really good.
Appearance (holes, airiness) Texture
Exp. Group 3
Exp. Group 4
1”
3.5”
Tastes similar to bread, but it too floury and a bit too dry, in my opinion.
Tough crust, hard to get through. Bread tastes kinda sour. Not a good type of sour, either.
Airy, but in Dry, and a good crumbly. way.
Like a badly-made croissant.
No real holes, not very airy.
Like, well, bread. Nice and soft. Crust was a bit hard though.
Squishy texture, chewy.
A bit mushy, soft.
Dry texture, Grainy not a whole texture, a bit lot of taste to dry. it.
Other
Nutrition Calculations: Calories: Flour = 100 cal per ¼ of a cup, so it’s 900 calories (2.5 cups) Salt = o calories Starter = 19 cal per 5.4 grams, so it’s 152 calories (2 cups) TOTAL = around 952 calories total.
Carbohydrates: Flour = 22 g per ¼ cup, so 198 grams (22 times 9) Salt = 0g Starter = 4g, so 8 grams TOTAL = 206 grams. Fat: Flour = 0g Salt = 0g Starter = 0g TOTAL = Either 0 or less than 1 gram(s) of fat. Protein: Flour = 3g per ¼ cup, so it’s 7.5 grams (3 grams x 2.5 cups) Salt = 0g Starter = 0g TOTAL = Around 7.5 grams of protein. Graph: