Dhamaka latrines in Rajasthan, India.

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This pit can be used by a single family for about 15 to 20 years. When the pit gets filled up, it is closed and a new pit is dug at an adjacent suitable place for future use and it is covered with the same slab and a super structure. Old pit is closed with soil and abandoned. 4.

Villages Visited i. ii. iii. iv. v.

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Masruwala village, Hanumangarh, (water source–ground + canal water) Pucca Saharana, Hanumangarh, (water source-canal water) Village 3Y, Sriganganagar (water source-ground +canal water) Village 3G Kaliyan, Sriganganagar (water source-ground + canal water) Village 4 ML, Sriganganagar (water source – canal water)

Salient features noted during field visit as regards the latrine use

In Masruwala Village, some toilets were visited. All the latrines in the village are Dhamaka type. Depth of toilet pits varied between 30ft. to 40ft. Bore wells were found to be within a distance of 10-20 ft from toilets. Toilet seats smelled badly. Plenty of hovering flies were noticed in most of the toilets. For bore wells, it was told that water table is at 27 M (about 80ft) and depth of water column in the wells about 6-7 meters. Some toilets in village have water seal traps and pans fitted for the toilet seat. Some have latrine pans without water seal trap. 50 % houses have own bore wells. Occasional incidence of infective hepatitis was reported. In one visited house, owner wanted the trap to be fitted but mason did not fit it.

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