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HUMAN
» ANATOMY
(from speccimens)
Human characteristics: Enormous braincase, flat face. Upright forehead (small brow ridges in male). Eyes face forward for binocular vision. Small canine teeth same size as adjacent teeth. Highest development of facial muscle control to broadcast facial expressions. Foramen magnum on bottom of cranium—skull balanced on top of vertical spine when standing. Upright spine has four curves—neck and lumbar portions curve forward; thoracic and sacral portions curve backward. Well-developed clavicle attached to scapula and sternum. Scapula on back surface of rib cage (on side in four-legged animals); rib cage compressed front to back (side to side in four-legged animals). Thumb opposable; big toe is not. Flat nails on digits. Five digits on each limb. Walks upright on two legs, on sole and heel of foot. Legs longer than arms. Upper arm longer than forearm. Thigh longer than lower leg. Forearm rotates (pronates/supinates). No tail. AbDM Abductor digiti minimi; AbHal Abductor hallucis; AbPB Abductor poliicis brevis; AbPL Abductor poliicis longus; MitAg Adductor magnus; AdPol Adductor poliicis; kncAnconeus; Bleep Biceps brachii; BiFemLH Biceps femoris, long head; BiFemSH Biceps femoris, short head; Brach Brachialis; Brrad Brachioradialis; Bucc Buccinator; DAnOr Depressor anguli oris; DelAc Deltoid, acromial portion; DelSp Deltoid, spinal portion; DepSu Depressor supercilii; DLI Depressor labii
inferioris (mandibularis); ECRB Extensor carpi radialis brevis; ECRL Extensor carpi radialis longus; ECU Extensor carpi ulnaris; EDBr Extensor digitorum brevis; EDC Extensor digitorum communis; EDLon Extensor digitorum longus; EH L Extensor hallucis longus; EPBr Extensor poliicis brevis; EPL Extensor poliicis longus; ExAbO External abdominal oblique; FCR flexor carpi radialis; FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris; FDLon Flexor digitorum longus; FDS Flexor digitorum superficialis; FHL Flexor hallucis longus; FPB Flexor poliicis brevis; FPL Flexor poliicis longus; Front Frontalis; GasLa Gastrocnemius, lateral head; GasMe Gastrocnemius, medial head; GluMe Gluteus medius; GluMx Gluteus maximus (superficialis); Grac Gracilis; Ilioc Iliocostalis; Infra Infraspinatus; Inter Interossei; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LevSc Levator scapulae (serratus ventralis cervicis); LLSAN Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi (levator nasolabialis); LLSup Levator labii superioris (maxillaris); Long! Longissimus; Malar Malaris; Mass Masseter; Ment Mentalis; Nasal Nasalis; Occip Occipitalis; Omohy Omohyoid; OrOc Orbicularis oculi; OrOr Orbicularis oris; PalLo Palmaris longus; PecMa Pectoralis major; PerBr Pemneus brevis; PerLo Peroneus longus; PerTe Pemneus tertius; Proc Proceros; PrTer Pronator teres; RecAb Rectus abdominis; RecFe Rectus femoris; Rhom Rhomboid; Rlsor Risorius; Sart Sartorius; SerAn Serratus anterior (serratus ventralis thoracis); Smemb Semimembranosus; Sol Soleus; Splen Splenius; Stend Semitendinosus; Sthy Sternohyoid; Stmas Sternomastoid; TeMaj Teres major; TeMin Teres minor; Temp Temporalis; TenFL Tensor fasciae latae; TibAn Tibialis anterior (cranialis); TibPo Tibialis posterior (caudalis); Trap Trapezius; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral head; TrILo Triceps brachii, long head; TriMe Triceps brachii, medial head; VasLa Vastus lateralis; VasMe Vastus medialis; ZygMa Zygomaticus major (zygomaticus).