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As part of my material exploration and to obtain practical knowledge in the field of design, I developed a Log Book on various sorts of materials that I explored during the semester. The basic objective is to become acquainted with various types of materials and tools. I used a variety of materials in this procedure including glass, brass, and paper mache. This module assisted me in expanding my understanding of various materials and their various qualities. This report taught me the value of working both as a team and as an individual. And the significance of commitment towards my work.
Presentation, inspiration, and motivation have always played an important role in the success of any enterprise, and I would want to offer my heartfelt gratitude to Mr Kaustav Kalyan. I am really grateful to Mr Riaaz Khan , Mr Anand Babubhai and Mr Zeeshan Khan for providing me with the opportunity to learn about various materials. I am really grateful to my friends for their uplifting inspiration and encouragement. I am truly thankful to Mrs. Kishori Dalwadi for her valuable guidance and kind supervision throughout the course, which helped shape the current work. Last but not least, my parents are an essential inspiration for me, and I express my gratitude to them.
• Glass making in India is very old. Reference of glass craft is found in the great epic of Mahabharata. The art of glassware got great impetus during the medieval period. The credit of introducing the art of glass engraving in India goes to the Mughals. The Mughal craftsmen excelled in making delicate foliated designs on glass objects. The craft was further patronised by the Rajputs for their refined sense of beauty.
• Firozabad - The glass city of India
India is notable for the production of indigenous glass , with the bulk of this glass taking place in Firozabad.
• There are two types of glass Indian glass
Indian glass - It comes in unlimited colors with thickness - 12 to 130 mm.
Borosil glass / Chinese glass - It comes
• Borosil glass is imported from China and is of two types
Opal glass
Momi glass
Opal glass is superior than momi glass
• Borosil glass is imported from China and is of two types
Opal glass
Momi glass
Opal glass is superior than momi glass
Borosil Glass
Indian Glass
Name:- Zeeshan Khan
Age:- 26 years
Brief :
He learned this work from his father and grandfather. And then he explored different techniques like blowing, twisting, stamping, molding, texturing and pinching. He uses different things like silver foil and soda beads to show the textures they create in glass. They earn around 50,000 per month. They work on an order basis. There are six people in their workshop but when they get huge orders they hire more people according to their needs. He has also worked at the National Institute of design. He is looking forward to more such opportunities. Overall it was a new and fun experience.
Fire Torch
Hollow Circle Stamp
Flat Tool
Cut Tool
Plucking Tool
This was the initial exploration. Hollow borosil is used in the colours yellow, green, white, and transparent. Several techniques are utilised in this, including as blowing, dot creating, and ring forming. Several things were learned throughout this research, including how to handle one or more glass rods correctly, when to apply less or more heat to the glass, and how to produce a hole inside the glass.
In this experiment, brass sheet and soda glass were attempted to be inserted into clear borosil glass, however the brass sheet was burned when it came into contact with hot transparent borosil glass and a fire torch. When soda glass was added to the clear borosil glass, it generated a red coloured patch inside the glass.
White soda glass and soda bread were utilised in this. After melting the glass rod, soda beads were inserted from the top, heated together, and then twisted from both sides to witness the effect and texture of the beads. As a result, soda glass beads and momi glass can be utilised together, but only to a limited extent.
Transparent borosil glass rod and soda beads are utilised in this project. However, the area with soda beads did not have a smooth finish because it cracked slightly. This demonstrates that soda glass beads and borosil glass do not blend properly. A zig zag pattern is created on the other end of the wand.
Amethyst stone (a purple-colored stone commonly used in jewellery) was set in translucent borosil glass. When the stone was placed in the heated glass, it began to crack. The glass was then heated again to form the ball, and the stone began to change colour from purple to yellowish-white. As a result, the stone takes on an abstract shape in the glass.
Stilla is a Latin word that means ‘drop’. This red soda glass is filled with multicoloured soda beads. The texture is created by pushing the beads within the red soda glass and then melting them. Its surface was smooth, thus we may conclude that the soda glass produces superior results when blended with soda glass.
Quadrata virga is a Latin term for a square wand. Various techniques are employed in this, such as how to produce texture on glass and how to bend at a certain angle without separating it from the entire. A yellow and green tint is also applied using various instruments such as a hollow circle stamp and a flat tool.
Heat the glass Add tint of yellow and green colored glass
Stamp the glass & then bend it at an angle & then attach a rod with it
The term incrementum is taken from the Latin word which means growth. In this soda beads are added to red soda glass.In the lower section the beads were entirely immersed in the glass, whereas textures were formed in the upper section.
Step 1
Step 2
Heat the glass
Add soda beads on the glass by heating the glass
Step 3 Twist the glass from one end and leveled it from the other end
Orange, green, white, and transparent borosil glass are utilized in this design. As well as borosil hollow glass for the bottle’s body. The lower red color is attached to the transparent body by a heating procedure, and the bottle cap is detachable.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Heat and cut the hollow transparent glass
Narrow down from other end of the rod
Heat the other end of the rod to get the shape
Remove the extra glass and heat it again
Heat the rod from the end and then flatten it
Heat orange glass to add it in the bottom of the bottle
Similarly heat green & white glass to make cork of the bottle
The name Hippocampus is originated from Latin language which meaning ‘sea horse’. The borosil glass is yellow and black in colour. To get this form, yellow glass is heated and then twisted with a stamp tool and wrapped around a rod.
Process
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Heat the glass Give shape with the help of circle stamp
Black color dots on yellow glass
This is created with various coloured borosil glass such as blue, black, white, and yellow. The stamp tool is used to insert all the colours. Then it was heated from both sides, creating a flat and smooth surface using flat tool to which the hook was attached.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Heat the glass
Add color in the existing glass and then heat it
Stamp each layer of glass & then make it flat repeat steps three times & hook at the top
The name Anatis is derived from the Latin word for duck. This borosil glass is blue, transparent, pink, and yellow in colour. This was created by heating and then attaching the colourful glass to the sides of the transparent glass, and then creating the texture using a cut tool and the duck’s beak and tail with a plucking tool. The duck’s eyes were made from a blue-colored thin rod.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Heat transparent glass rod
Flat the transparent glass
Add color for wings and beak
Make beak with pluker tool & texture with cut tool
The word Sagum tie is derived from Latin language which means 'curtain tie'. It is used to tie the curtain both back and front side giving it a pleasing look and solving the purpose at the same time. In this copper and soda glass (Indian glass) is used .The copper wire is inserted in the colored ball of soda colors from both the ends .Hence it helps to tie the knot more efficiently .
Step 1
Heat red glass rod
Step 2 Mix red & blue color by heating
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Insert copper wire in the glass
Remove the excessive glass
Heat the glass to get perfect cirle
Copper wire Glass
The term “ROPTRO PORTAS” is derived from the Greek word for door knocker. Its origins may be traced back to ancient Greece. It is used on doors to inform those within to the presence of individuals outside the house or business. There are several sorts of knockers, such as ring knockers and hammer knockers. It is now mostly utilised for aesthetic purposes. Pink, blue, and transparent coloured borosil glass is used in this. And other techniques such as stamping and dot making are also used.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Heat glass rod
Give it a shape of a ring
Stamp the ring using circle stamp tool
Wait for the ring to cool down
Heat the blue glass in the same manner & add white dots in it
Add transparent hook with blue circle & then heat it to join together
Flos vas is taken from Latin which meaning ‘flower vase’. The vase’s form is inspired by a swan. It’s used in interior design. This hollow transparent and yellow-colored borosil glass is used in this project. The upper section is made of a hollow glass rod, while the lower section is composed of yellow and transparent borosil glass.
Step 1 Step 2
Step 3
Heat transparent hollow glass rod
Step 4
Mould glass rod by heating only that much area
Step 5
Give it exact size
Step 6
Mix yellow and transparent glass for the lower part
Give the shape using flat and pluck tool
Attach both the parts with UV glue
This is a glass panel with elements of fire, water, and air. In this, we attempted to employ several techniques such as blowing, twisting, stamping, and many more. It helped us in creating various shapes; we also used nylon wire and glue to connect the pieces to the panel. The panel is composed of wood and is matte black in colour.
• Moradabad is known as the ‘brass city ‘ . It is known for its brass work and has carved a niche for itself in the handicraft industry through the world.
• The traditional craft Begin with melting the raw material , molding it into in nuggets and finally flattening and shaping them.
• Liquid brass can also be poured into a mold of a specific shape.
• Various types of tools are used in this craft like hammer , stamps , cutter etc and most of the tools are made by the craftsman.
Name :- Anand Babubhai
Age :- 22 years
Brief :-
Anand learned this craft from his father. And his father learned this work from his father therefore this work has been passed on from generations . He has worked in various renowned institutions like Cept University, National Institute of design, United world Institute of design and many more . He also has his own startup . He is looking forward towards many more opportunities.
These brass rings are made using brass strips. In this firstly I marked the lines and then cut with the help of a cutter and scissors . Then I used punching tools with a different design. It was a new experience for me. The tools that were used were made by the craftsman himself. He also had an interesting way of sitting which help him to do his work more precisely.
The word ‘Mayur’ means peacock. It’s a peacock tray made up of brass. It is made using several tools like hammers,stamps,cutters, etc. It is used in interior decor.The intricate detailing shows the richness of the craft.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Take 6 by 5 inch brass sheet
Draw circle using compass
Mark the area for peacock
Make the drawing with compass
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Punch the sheet using different tools
Cut circle from the sheet
File the edges using filler
Use flat tool to flat the circle sheet
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
Use hammer to give shape
Step 13
Punch back of the bowl
Step 14
Make the lower part using same steps
Punch the marked peacock to give desired design
Step 15
File the edges of the peacock
Lower part of the bowl is attached using copper nail
Attach the bowl and peacock using soldering technique
Step 16 Apply water on the area which is solder
Step 18
Wash the product in the machine using water and normal detergent
Use buffer machine to give shine to the product
Final Outcome
• In India, Paper mache originated in Jammu and Kashmir.
• The papier-mâché technique of using paper pulp for making decorative objects was first adopted in Kashmir in the 15th century by King Zain-ul-Abidin. Mir Sayyed Ali Hamdani, a Sufi mystic, came to Kashmir during the late 14th century along with his followers, many of whom were craftsmen.
• There are two important aspects of Kashmiri paper mache- Sakhtsazi and Naqashi. The first step, Sakhtsazi, involves making the foundation of the paper mache figurine or object with the paper pulp, while Naqashi is the final step of painting and decoration.
• Many things are made using this technique like boxes, trays, lamp base, vases, bowls , plates and many more.
Name :- Riaaz Khan
Age :- 45 years
Brief :-
He learned this craft from his forefathers. He lives in Jammu and Kashmir. He has been awarded by the government of India in 2016 for doing outstanding work in his field of art. He lives with his four brothers, children and wife .In his family everyone is engaged in this work and it is the only source of income in their family. Children at their home start learning this art from a very tender age. Patience and precision are two main things that are required in this art. This work is mainly done in summers as paper mache needs proper heat to dry. They export all their goods to Europe as they think that they don’t get desired return for their work by selling in their local markets.
The word Capulus is a Latin word that means handle. This design is inspired by snakes. Like all the other crafts this craft also requires patience and precession. In this craft golden color is used more prominently and it has a very detailed and miniature drawings all are inspired by the Mughal era, Flowers within flowers.,Numerous floral patterns, Hazara or thousand flowers pattern, Birds, Jungle and its scenes.The majestic Chinar tree of Kashmir and Almond designs.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Soak the paper in water and then grind it
Step 4
Make glue using rice flour and water and then boil it together
Step 5
Use bamboo stick to give it a definite shape to the handle & then hammer it on wood with the help of nail
Step 6
Apply rice glue on bamboo stick & then use mixture of rice glue & grinded paper. And then cover bamboo stick with it
Dry the first coat of paper mache & then apply second coat & then give it proper shape with the help of pebble stone & water. Then let it dry.
Apply the mixture of chalk powder, water & fevicol.Let it dry.
Step 7
Step 8
Sand it using sandpaper.
Then apply 3 to 4 coats of emulsion paint.Then let it dry.
Step 9
Step 10
Paint the handle.Let it dry
Apply 2 coats of varnish on the handle and wood.
