Index of species

Alpine Swift

150 American Bittern 98 American Golden Plover American Wigeon Arctic Redpoll Arctic Skua 138 Arctic Tern 140 Avocet 113 Baird’s Sandpiper Balearic Shearwater 95 Barn Owl 146 Barnacle Goose 68 Barred Warbler 183 Bar-tailed Godwit 123 Bean Goose 70 Bearded Tit 164 Bee-eater 150 Bewick’s Swan 72 Bittern 98 Black-browed Albatross Black Kite 107 Black Redstart Black Stork Black Tern 141 Black-throated Diver 91 Blackbird 191 Blackcap 182 Black-headed Gull 130 Black-necked Grebe 96 Black-tailed Godwit 122 Black-winged Stilt 113 Bluethroat 195 Blue Tit 163 Blue-winged Teal Blyth’s Reed Warbler Brambling 211 Brent Goose 65 Buff-breasted Sandpiper Bullfinch 212 Buzzard 103 Canada Goose 67 Carrion Crow 160 Caspian Gull 136 Cattle Egret 98 Cetti’s Warbler 170 Chaffinch 210 Chiffchaff 176 Citrine Wagtail Coal Tit 162 Collared Dove 146 Crossbill 215 Common Crane 111 Common Gull 133 Common Rosefinch 212 Common Sandpiper 125 Common Scoter 85 Common Tern 140 Coot 110 Cormorant 101 Corn Bunting 217 Corncrake Cory’s Shearwater Crossbill Cuckoo 146 Curlew 124 Curlew Sandpiper 119 Dartford Warbler 185 Desert Wheatear Dipper 204 Dotterel 117 Dunlin 120 Dunnock 205 Dusky Warbler 175 Eider 84 Egyptian Goose 74 Feral Pigeon 144 Ferruginous Duck 83 Fieldfare 191 Firecrest 187 Fulmar 93 Gadwall 78 Gannet 101 Garden Warbler 183 Garganey 76 Glaucous Gull 134 Glossy Ibis 97 Goldcrest 187 Golden Pheasant 90 Golden Oriole 158 Golden Plover 115 Goldeneye 87 Goldfinch 215 Goosander 87 Goshawk 104 Grasshopper Warbler 181 Great Black-backed Gull 134 Great-crested Grebe 96 Great Egret 99 Greater Yellowlegs Great Grey Shrike 157 Great Northern Diver 92 Great Reed Warbler Great Skua 137 Great Snipe Great-spotted Woodpecker 152 Great Tit 163 Green Sandpiper 125 Green-winged Teal 82 Green Woodpecker 152 Greenfinch 212 Greenish Warbler 178 Greenshank 126 Grey Heron 99 Grey Partridge 89 Grey Phalarope 129 Grey Plover 115 Grey Wagtail 206 Greylag Goose 68 Gull-billed Tern Guillemot 142 Hawfinch 211 Hen Harrier 105 Herring Gull 135 Hobby 155 Honey Buzzard 103 Hooded Crow 160 Hoopoe 151 House Martin 168 House Sparrow 204 Hume’s Warbler 173 Iceland Gull 134 Icterine Warbler 181 Isabelline Shrike Jack Snipe 129 Jackdaw 159 Jay 158 Kentish Plover 117 Kestrel 153 Kingfisher 150 Kittiwake 130 Knot 117 Lapland Longspur 217 Lapwing 114 Leach’s Petrel 93 Lesser Black-backed Gull 137 Lesser Grey Shrike Lesser Redpoll 214 Lesser Scaup Lesser-spotted Woodpecker 151 Lesser White-front 220 Lesser Whitethroat 184 Lesser Yellowlegs Linnet 213 Little Auk 144 Little Bittern Little Bunting 218 Little Crake Little Egret 100 Little Grebe 95 Little Gull Little Owl 148 Little (Ringed) Plover 117

Little Stint

118 Little Tern 139 Long-billed Dowitcher Long-eared Owl 148 Long-tailed Duck 86 Long-tailed Skua 139 Long-tailed Tit 171 Magpie 159 Mallard 80 Mandarin Duck 75 Manx Shearwater 94 Marsh Harrier 104 Marsh Sandpiper 128 Marsh Tit 162 Marsh Warbler 181 Meadow Pipit 208 Mealy Redpoll Mediterranean Gull 132 Melodious Warbler Merlin 154 Mistle Thrush 193 Montagu’s Harrier 106 Moorhen 110 Mute Swan 71 Night Heron Nightingale 195 Nightjar 149 Nuthatch 188 Olive-backed Pipit Ortolan Bunting Osprey 102 Oystercatcher 113 Pacific Golden Plover 115 Pallas’s Warbler 174 Pallid Harrier Pallid Swift Pectoral Sandpiper 119 Penduline Tit 164 Peregrine 156 Pheasant 90 Pied Flycatcher 196 Pied Wagtail 207 Pink-foot 69 Pintail 80 Pochard 83 Pomarine Skua 138 Puffin 144 Purple Heron 99 Purple Sandpiper 120 Quail 90 Radde’s Warbler 175 Raven 161 Razorbill 143 Red Kite 107 Red-backed Shrike 157 Red-breasted Flycatcher 197 Red-breasted Goose 220 Red-breasted Merganser 88 Red-crested Pochard 82 Red-flanked Bluetail Red-footed Falcon 154 Red-legged Partridge 88 Red-necked Grebe 95 Red-necked Phalarope 129 Red-rumped Swallow 169 Redshank 127 Redstart 198 Red-throated Diver 91 Red-throated Pipit Redwing 193 Reed Bunting 218 Reed Warbler 179 Richard’s Pipit Ring Ouzel 190 Ring-billed Gull Ringed Plover 116 Ring-necked Duck Robin 194 Rock Pipit 210 Roller Rook 159 Roseate Tern 140 Rose-ringed Parakeet 157 Rosy Starling 190 Rough-legged Buzzard 108 Ruddy Duck Ruddy Shelduck 221 Ruff 122 Rustic Bunting Sabine’s Gull 130 Sand Martin 167 Sanderling 118 Sandwich Tern 139 Savi’s Warbler 182 Scaup 84 Sedge Warbler 179 Semipalmated Sandpiper Serin 216 Shag 101 Shelduck 75 Shore Lark 166 Short-eared Owl 148 Short-toed Lark Shoveler 77 Siskin 216 Skylark 165 Slavonian Grebe 96 Smew 87 Snipe 129 Snow Bunting 217 Snow Goose 220 Song Thrush 192 Sooty Shearwater 94 Sparrowhawk 103 Spoonbill Spotted Crake Spotted Flycatcher Spotted Redshank Starling Stock Dove Stonechat Stone-curlew Storm Petrel Subalpine Warbler Surf Scoter Swallow Swift Tawny Owl Tawny Pipit Teal Temminck’s Stint Tree Pipit Tree Sparrow Treecreeper Tufted Duck

97 110 194 126 189 144 200 112 93 187 167 149 147 208 81 119 208 204 189 84

Turnstone Turtle Dove Twite 128 146 213

Water Pipit Water Rail 209 109

Waxwing Wheatear Whimbrel 161 202 124

Whinchat

199 Whiskered Tern White-fronted Goose 70 White Stork 97 White-rumped Sandpiper White-tailed Eagle 108 Whitethroat 185 White Wagtail 207 White-winged (Black) Tern 141 Whooper Swan 72 Wigeon 79 Willow Tit 163 Willow Warbler 175 Woodchat Shrike 158 Wood Lark 164 Wood Sandpiper 127 Wood Warbler 173 Woodcock 129 Woodpigeon 145 Wren 189 Wryneck 151 Yellowhammer 218 Yellow-browed Warbler 174 Yellow-legged Gull 136 Yellow Wagtail 205

Founded in 1929 by Claude Morley (1874–1951), the Suffolk Naturalists’ Society pioneered the study and recording of the County’s flora, fauna and geology, to promote a wider interest in natural history.

Recording the natural history of Suffolk is still one of the Society’s primary objects, and members’ observations are fed to a network of specialist recorders for possible publication, and deposited in the Suffolk Biodiversity Information Service.

Suffolk Natural History, a review of the County’s wildlife, and Suffolk Birds, the County bird report, are two high quality annual publications issued free to members. The Society also publishes a quarterly newsletter and holds two Members’ evenings a year in Spring and Autumn.

The Suffolk Naturalists’ Society offers a joint membership with the Suffolk Bird Group at a reduced subscription. This entitles joint members to receive literature and attend the meetings of both organisations.

If you are not yet a member of the Society but would like to join visit www.sns.org.uk

MEMBERSHIP CATEGORIES:

Individual Family/Household Corporate Student SNS £15 £17 £17 £10 Joint membership SNS/SBG £30 £35

£18

CONTENTS

Page

Editorial: Nick Mason.................................................................................................................................... 5 Weather in a changing climate: Edward Jackson ......................................................................................... 8 Review of national and county rarities in Suffolk in 2019: Craig Fulcher .................................................. 14 Spoonbills on Havergate Island: Aaron Howe, David Fairhurst, Lyndsey Record........................................ 19 Nocturnal Migration: Phil Whittaker .......................................................................................................... 23 Caspian Gull at Minsmere: John Grant....................................................................................................... 29 Caspian Gulls in the west of Suffolk: Dawn Balmer, Peter Wilson.............................................................. 30 Notes on the changing status of Great Black-backed Gulls in Suffolk: Ed Keeble...................................... 32 The breeding ecology of Breckland Tree Pipits: Niall H K Burton............................................................... 36 When do birds sing during spring: Peter Lack ............................................................................................ 40 Two-barred (Greenish Warbler) at Orford, a first for Suffolk: Mark Cornish............................................. 47 Cretzschmar’s Bunting at Minsmere: Henry Page...................................................................................... 52 Eastern Yellow Wagtail at Dingle Marshes and Corporation Marshes, Dunwich: Paul Green, Tom Williams, Peter Kennerley............................................................................................................................................ 55 Siberian Stonechat at Hollesley Marshes: Craig Shaw............................................................................... 61

The 2019 Suffolk Bird Report

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 63 Systematic List......................................................................................................................................... 65 Appendices ........................................................................................................................................... 220 Suffolk Ringing Report 2019: Simon Evans........................................................................................... 224 Rare Birds in Suffolk 2019: David Walsh................................................................................................... 262

List of Contributors ............................................................................................................................... 264

Earliest and Latest Dates of Summer Migrants..................................................................................... 266

A Guide to Recording Birds in Suffolk ................................................................................................... 267

Gazetteer .............................................................................................................................................. 272 Index of species: ....................................................................................................................................... 274