C ha p t e r 1 2 1. Psalms 19.1. 2. Thomas L. Thompson, The Mythic Past: Biblical Archaeology and the Myth of Israel (London: Jonathan Cape, 1992). 3. Nicholas Campion, The Great Year: Astrology, Millenarianism and History in the Western Tradition (London: Penguin, 1994), chapters 4 and 5. 4. I have used the English translation by the Jewish Publication Society (Tanakh: the Holy Scriptures, Philadelphia and Jerusalem, 1985). 5. James H. Charlesworth (ed.), The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, 2 vols. (New York: Doubleday, 1983); H. F. D. Sparks (ed.), The Apocryphal Old Testament (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984); Florentino Garcia Martinez, The Dead Sea Scrolls Translated: The Qumran Texts in English (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1994). 6. Roger T. Beckwith, Calendar and Chronology, Jewish and Christian (Leiden: Brill, 2001); J. Edward Wright, The Early History of Heaven (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000); J. W. McKay, Religion in Judah under the Assyrians (London: SCM Press Ltd., 1973); Lester Ness, Written in the Stars: Ancient Zodiac Mosaics (Warren Center, PA: Shangri La Publications, 1999). 7. Gershom Scholem (ed.), Zohar: The Book of Splendor (New York: Schocken Books, 1963); Aryeh Kaplan, Sefer Yetzirah: The Book of Creation in Theory and Practice (York Beach: Weiser Books, 1997); Gershom Scholem, On the Kabbalah and Its Symbolism (New York: Schocken Books, 1965). 8. Gideon Bohak, Ancient Jewish Magic: A History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008); Frederick H. Cryer, Divination in Ancient Israel and Its Near Eastern Environment: A Socio-Historical Investigation (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1994); Ann Jeffers, Divination and Prophecy in Israel and Palestine (Leiden: Brill, 1996); Howard Schwartz, Tree of Souls: The Mythology of Judaism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004); Dov Schwartz, Studies in Astral Magic in Medieval Jewish Thought (Leiden: Brill, 2004). 9. Louis Jacobs, “Jewish Cosmology,” in Carmen Blacker and Michael Loewe (eds.), Ancient Cosmologies (London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd., 1975), 66–67. 10. For a recent analysis see Mark S. Smith, The Priestly Vision of Genesis 1 (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2010). 11. For a good contemporary account of the Jewish Festival year see Hayyim Schauss, The Jewish Festivals: A Guide to Their History and Observance (New York: Schocken Books, 1996, 1st ed. 1938). 12. Exodus 12.6–20. See also Leviticus 23.5, Ezekiel 45.21, Numbers 9.11. 13. See Millar Burrows, “Ancient Israel,” in Robert C. Dentan (ed.), The Idea of History in the Ancient Near East (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1983), 99–131, esp. 112, 122. 14. The Community Rule X in G. Vermes, The Dead Sea Scrolls in English (Harmondsworth: Pelican, 1962); Also see Ezra 3.5 for new moon observances. 15. Numbers 2, 1–31. See also the discussion in Burrows, “Ancient Israel,” 129. 16. See the discussion in Kocku von Stuckrad, “Jewish and Christian Astrology in Late Antiquity—A New Approach,” Numen XLVII, no. 1 (2000): 25–28. 17. Josephus, “The Antiquities of the Jews” I.2.3 in Works, trans. William Whiston (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 1987).
Notes to Chapter 12
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