e pathway

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A systems view of care pathways

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of the ideas behind systems thinking has been provided and this has been related to care pathways. Illustrative examples have shown the relevance of this approach and the potential benefits any one organisation (or health community) can gain from using it.

References 1 Wiener N (1961) Cybernetics (2e). MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. 2 Sasieni M, Yaspan A and Friedman L (1959) Operational Research: methods and problems. John Wiley, New York. 3 Von Bertalanffy L (1981) General system theory - a critical review. In: Open University Systems Group (eds) Systems Behaviour (3e). Open University Press, Buckingham. 4 Beer S (1985) Diagnosing the System for Organisations. John Wiley, New York. 5 Forrester JW (1968) Principles of Systems. Wright-Allen Press, Cambridge, MA. 6 Checkland P (1981) Systems Thinking, Systems Practice. John Wiley, New York. 7 http://www.css.edu/users/dswenson/web/system.htm 8 de Rosnay J (1979) The Macroscope. Harper and Row, New York. 9 Secretary of State for Health (2000) The NHS Plan: a plan for investment, a plan for reform. (Cm.4818-I.) The Stationery Office, London. 10 Checkland P and Scholes J (1999) Soft Systems Methodology in Action. John Wiley, New York. 11 Flood RL and Carson ER (1988) Dealing with Complexity: an introduction to the theory and application of systems science. Plenum Press, New York. 12 Forrester JW (1971) Understanding the counterintuitive behaviour of social systems. In: Open University Systems Group (eds) Systems Behaviour (3e). Open University Press, Buckingham. 13 Pratt J, Gordon P and Plamping D (1999) Working Whole Systems. King's Fund, London. 14 NHS Modernisation Agency (UK) (2002) Demand Management Group. The Big Wizard, http://www.demandmanagement.nhs.uk/home.php 15 Wilde G (2002) A Comparative Evaluation of Process/Service Improvement Techniques. Dissertation for MBA course, Wolverhampton University. (See CD.) 16 http://www.lanner.com/UK/health 17 http://cognitus.co.uk 18 http://www.steyn.dsl.pipex.com/ 19 Goldratt EM and Cox J (1993) The Goal (2e). Gower, Abingdon. 20 Burton-Houle T (2001) The Theory of Constraints and its Thinking Processes. Goldratt Institute, http://www.goldratt.com. 21 Cameron M and Cranfield S (2001) Managing Change in the NHS: making informed decisions on change. NCCSDO, School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, www.sds.lshtm.ac.uk.


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