الصخور الرسوبية sedimentary rocks by soma

‫ﺗﺎﻧﯿﺎً‪ :‬اﻟﺼﺨـــﻮر اﻟﺮﺳﻮﺑﯿﺔ ٍ‪Sedimentary Rocks‬‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر اﻟﺮﺳﻮﺑﯿﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻌﺮض ﺻﺨﻮر اﻟﻘﺸﺮة اﻻرﺿﯿﺔ اﻟﺒﺎرزة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻻرض‬ ‫اﻟﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﺠﻮﯾﺔ ‪ erosion‬اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ واﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﺔ ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﺘﻔﺘﺖ ﻛﺘﻠﺘﮭﺎ اﻟﻰ ﻓﺘﺎت‬ ‫ﺻﻐﯿﺮ ﯾﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺠﺎدﺑﯿﺔ واﻟﺮﯾﺎح واﻟﻤﯿﺎه اﻟﺠﺎرﯾﺔ واﻟﺠﻠﯿﺪوﯾﺘﺮاﻛﻢ ھﺪا‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﺎت وﯾﺘﺮﺳﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺣﻮاض اﻟﺮﺳﻮﺑﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﻨﺤﻔﻀﺎت ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﺘﺮاص ﺑﻔﻌﻞ وزﻧﮭﺎ وﺗﺘﻼﺻﻖ ﺷﯿﺌﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﯿﺎ وﺗﺘﺼﻠﺐ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻌﺮف ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺨﻮر اﻟﺮﺳﻮﺑﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻏﻠﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدن اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺘﺎﻟﻒ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ اﻟﺼﺨﺮ اﻟﺮﺳﻮﺑﻲ ﺗﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺎدن اﻟﻜﻮارﺗﺰ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺠﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺨﻮر اﻟﻨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﺠﺮاﻧﯿﺘﯿﺔ وﻣﻌﺎدن اﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﯿﺖ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر اﻟﻨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻐﻨﯿﺔ ﺑﻌﻨﺼﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﯿﻮم‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺒﻼﺟﯿﻮﻛﻠﯿﺰ اﻟﻜﻠﺴﻲ وﻣﻌﺎدن اﻟﻄﻔﻞ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺠﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﺴﯿﻠﯿﻜﺎت وﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺧﺺ اﻟﻔﻠﺴﺒﺎر‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر اﻟﺮﺳﻮﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪Classification of Sedimentary Rocks‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺨﻮر اﻟﺮﺳﻮﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﻔﺘﺎﺗﯿﺔ ‪:Clastic sedimentary rocks‬‬ ‫‪Conglomerates (> 2mm) consolidated gravel‬‬ ‫)‪Boulder (>256mm‬‬ ‫)‪Cobble (65-256 mm‬‬ ‫)‪Pebble (4-64 mm‬‬ ‫)‪Granule (2-4 mm‬‬ ‫‪Sandstones (0.062-2 mm) consolidated sand‬‬ ‫)‪Very coarse (1.0 - 2.0 mm‬‬ ‫)‪Coarse (0.5 - 1 mm‬‬ ‫)‪Medium (0.25 - 0.5 mm‬‬ ‫)‪Fine (0.125 - 0.25 mm‬‬ ‫)‪Very fine (0.0625 - 0.125 mm‬‬ ‫‪Shales (<0.0062 mm) consolidated mud, rich‬‬

‫‪in organic‬‬ ‫‪matter.‬‬ ‫)‪Silt (0.0039 - 0.0625 mm‬‬

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Clay (0.0002 - 0.0039 mm)

:Non Clastic (Chemical ‫اﻟﺼﺨﻮر اﻟﺮﺳﻮﺑﯿﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻔﺘﺎﺗﯿﺔ‬ ) sedimentary rocks Gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) Anhydrite (CaSO4) Halite (NaCl) salt Limestone (CaCO3)