Dubrovnik’S cruise Ship Tourism a blessing in disguise Proposal for an urban strategy with architectural interventions developed for the city of Dubrovnik, Croatia
Contact Sybille Paulsen
I email: sybillepaulsen@aol.com
I phone: +49 (0) 176 60 96 75 71
Katharina Riedel
I email: katharina.riedel@gmail.com
I phone: +49 (0) 171 15 51 70 6
02
PREFACE
Dubrovnik, the pearl of the Adriatic, is a fascinating city because of its rich cultural heritage, its history, its location and its people. It attracts many international tourists, especially cruise ship tourists due to the location at the Mediterranean Sea. The cruise industry is the fastest growing sector in the tourism industry. Consequently the city will have to adjust to the circumstances it brings along, namely the concentration of ships and passengers during the summer season which also results in a congested road network. The emerging seasonality leads to extreme fluctuations ranging between congestion and emptiness; or between a vivid cultural scene and a seasonal decline of public activities. Another critical realm is the city’s identity which focuses on the historic city core which limits Dubrovnik’s identity to the image of the Old Town and restrains its other neighbourhoods to develop their potential.
This accelerating development brings new challenges for a sustainable city development and asks for solutions how to manage the cruise ship tourism in Dubrovnik. Our project investigates possibilities to integrate cruise ship tourism in Dubrovnik’s urban development, since it is of crucial importance for the balance of the city and the everyday life of its citizens. Furthermore we propose to use the cruise ship tourism as a generator for urban development processes with all its positive and negative effects.
Our urban strategy combines a renewed overall public mobility network alongside acupunctural architectural interventions. Placed strategically throughout the city the interventions trigger urban processes which lead to a slow and therefore genuine urban development. Newly introduced alternative means of transportation link the interventions in order to increase the impact and create a more sustainable infrastructure, matched to the needs of tourists and inhabitants likewise. We state that by intensifying certain zones with new public spaces and sociocultural programms the pressure of the overly congested areas are relieved and in turn improves the city structure as a whole. The overall aim of the project is to strengthen local communities by emphasising the uniqueness of their neighbourhoods. A more diverse picture of Dubrovnik will be created while manifold local identities emerge. We propose an inventive and authentic solution for the city of Dubrovnik which is also applicable for cities from similar historical and cultural backgrounds dealing with the same issues. Additionally, the often encountered paradox of having a strong identity in a global context, but lacking identifiability on a local level is addressed.
Enjoy your reading,
Sybille Paulsen & Katharina Riedel
04
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Dubrovnik’s urban setting Impact of cruise ship tourism
07 08
Urban Strategy
The intensified Dubrovnik The intensified mobility system
10 12
Architectural Interventions
Gruz - Terminal Srdj - Libertas Museum MoMA - Art in residence Pile - Old Town Pier Lapad - Beach terrace
14 16 18 20 22
Evaluation
24 Intensification and diversification The extended mobility system handles the cruise ship 31 shuttle traffic
05
06
introduction
Dubrovnik’s urban settings
The city of Dubrovnik is taken as an example on how urban acupuncture can be used to revitalise neglected neighbourhoods and create new public spaces for social interaction. Dubrovnik’s public spaces and its further urban development are widely seen as challenging, notably since the Europan 11 competition, where the city sought solutions for new ways to explore urban life and to confine the omnipresent traffic facilities. Our project proposes an urban strategy addressing the most critical realms of the city: the mobility network, seasonality and the city’s identity. It discusses the regularly congested mobility network, as well as its prevailing seasonality due to cruise ship tourism, which leads to extreme seasonal fluctuations ranging between congestion and emptiness. Furthermore our thesis treats of the predominant focus on the historic city core which limits Dubrovnik’s identity to the image of the Old Town and restrains other neighbourhoods to develop their potential. On this basis the city loses its balance which impairs the quality of life. In order to restore this balance the cultural public life, which is already exemplary during the summer season, has to thrive throughout the entire year without recession, to enhance social interaction between the citizens instead of restricting them. The perception of the city needs to be broadened in order to explore the city‘s full potential. The overall aim of the project is to strengthen local communities by emphasising the uniqueness of their neighbourhoods. A more diverse picture of Dubrovnik will be created while manifold local identities emerge. Our developed urban strategy combines a renewed overall public mobility network alongside acupunctural architectural interventions, implemented in defined micro-urban zones. Placed strategically the interventions trigger urban processes which lead to a genuine urban development. We state that by intensifying certain zones with new public spaces and sociocultural programmes the pressure of the overly congested areas are relieved and in turn improves the city structure as a whole.
empty Stradun during winter season
the pearl of the Adriatic - Dubrovnik’s Old Town dominates the city’s identity
OLD TOWN
a holistic view - interventions on the whole city scale rebalance the urban system
crowded Old Town during summer season
congested streets in front of the Old Town
introduction 07
introduction
Impact of cruise ship tourism Dubrovnik
In our opinion the strong focus on the historic Old Town is obstructive for Dubrovnik’s urban development. On the one hand, this iconic perception is based on the tourists’ demand, for whom the Old Town poses as the main attraction. On the other hand, it is the centre of public life for the citizens, where most of the cultural events take place. This concentration seriously affects the city’s mobility. The additional traffic in the summery peak season exceeds the capacity of the infrastructure and leads to congestions. In that aspect the cohesion with cruise ship tourism is evident, whereby up to 10.000 day tourists arrive simultaneously. Those high numbers cause enormous logistics to transport the masses with shuttle busses to the Old Town. Another impact and typical by-product of this particular mass tourism is the strong seasonality. The city offers a from wide range of cultural activities for visitors and inhabitants from June to September. In the off-season tourism and happenings decline and the city’s public life becomes more or less desolated. Those aforementioned circumstances lead to extreme fluctuations, which affect the physical as well as the sociocultural structures of the city. Dubrovnik oscillates between congestion and emptiness.
Venedig
Genua
Marseilles
Montpellier
Monaco
Split
Dubrovnik
Barcelona
Istanbul
Rom
Bari
Thessaloniki
Neapel
Valencia
Alicante
Malaga
Algier
Izmir
Athen
Palermo
Gibraltar
Antalya
Rhodos
Tunis
Tel Aviv
Jerusalem
Tripolis
Benghazi
Mayor cruise destinations: #1 Caribbean #2 Mediterranean #3 Alaska
OFF–SEASON
for individual holiday travels
OFF–SEASON
cruise ship tourists
10.875
PEAK–SEASON
9.215 8.751 8.792
8.711
4.691
4.438
952 680
799
298
153
99
april
Libertas Film Festival
march
44
952 44
44
799 44
799
799
february
Carnival Festival
Chamber Musik Festival
44
44 44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
january
Festival of St. Blaise
december
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
442
44
november
1.968
2.994 2.021 2.315
2.663
2.646 2.646
2.646
2.646
2.646
1.778
2.646
2.646
3615
3.728
3.896 2.646
1.870
1.148
1.986 1.574
1.090 638
58
525
3.019
2.839
3.477
3.769 2.507
1.572
october
2.646
4.990
4.681
5.000 passengers 4.481 4.696
4.564
4.345 2.652
2.508
2.423 1.869 248
78
594
842
september
5.396
5.958 5.500 5.062
5.489
5.582 4.112 3.385
3.903 2.950 3.026
2.549
3.004
2.695 2.315
6.092
6.636 6.634 6.317
6.581 6.001 4.345
5.048 3.774
3.538 333
6.891
7.109
7.114
7.292 6.721
6.568 4.681 4.174
Maraton lada
7.156
7.905
8.012
8.338
8.550
8.639
8.654
8.776 8.654 4.762
3.757
3.563 2.994 2.697
3.030 102
44
44
august
Summer Festival
july
Theater Festival
4.681
4.681 2.193
1.869
1.742
954
947 128
88
775
3.909 4.147
4.642
3.805
2.994
3.757 2.994 1.869
1.869
2.315 2.501
794 44
255
212
44
7.490
6.038 4.783
4.583
5.276
5.429
5.711
5.384
3.007
3.239
2.073 2.114
2.167
2.626
2.635
3.206 503
608
1.488 794
Wine and Jazz Festival
8.772
8.734
6.917
7.074
6.692 6.180 5.476
5.282
5.282 3.646 3.757
3.859
2.549 2.543
2.531 2.464 1.836 945
260 42
Shakespeare Festival
7.722
7.702
8.002
8.511
8.734
8.750
8.434 8.654
8.377 8.654
8.834 7.276
6.658
6.658
6.004
6.488
6.160
5.908
5.854
5.730
4.936 4.400 3.757
4.936
4.691
3.436 1.975 819
710
253
9.624
9.293
9.624
10.000 passengers
9.215 8.654
7.270
june
46% 11% 6%
cruise ship itineraries in the context of the Mediterranean Sea
PEAK–SEASON
may
Suez
Kairo
08 introduction
RECURRING EVENTS & HOLIDAYS
extreme seasonal fluctuations
Easter
New Year's Day Epiphany
Christmas Eve
All Saints' Day
Independence Day
Assumption Feast
Victory Day
v Anti–Facism Day Statehood Day
Corpus Christi
Labour Day
LINDO SEASON
*source: 2010 - Dubrovnik Port Authority
Cruise ship tourists
DUBROVNIK
GRUZ
OLD TOWN
cruise ships / year
cruise ships / year
cruise ships / year
705
526
179
passengers / year
passengers / year
passengers / year
871.635
611.756
259.879
Experience I 7 cities in 7 days Duration of shore leave I 4 -7 hours $$$ I tourists spend little money but cruise ships pay harbour dues
*source: 2010 - Statistic Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia
PROSPECTS
AVERAGE STAY : 7h
24%
0.5 h
0.5 h
increase - booked cruises
time spent on the ship
time spent in the harbour
1.3 Mio
1.5 h
4.5 h
increase - expected visitors
time spent commuting
time spent in the Old Town
GRUZ
OLD TOWN
Split // Ston
Cavtat // Airport
Highway E 65
179 cruise ships / year 259.879 passengers / year
526 cruise ships / year 611.756 passengers / year
Gruz
Old Town
overstrained infrastructure system due to shuttle traffic between the harbour in Gruz and the Old Town
introduction 09
URBAN STRATEGY
Mobility: creating alternative connections
Orchastrating the Masses A strategy of deconcentration was developed as an answer to the state of extreme concentration in the mobility and identity issue of the city. The seasonally congested road network is relieved by an additional public transport network which connects the city in a new way. An additional cable car links the two parts of the city via the mountain Srdj and a water taxi line connects Dubrovnik via the sea side. Both new means of transportation offer an additional alternative choice to get around in the city. The aim of the new mobility network is to orchestrate and deconcentrate the masses, hence a strategy of deconcentration, as well as creating a sustainable and easily accessible public transportation system.
Gruz Old Town
existing connection between Gruz and the Old Town
new public transport system
EXISTING TENSE SITUATION l Existing connections
by bus /car / foot
OLD TOWN 15 min
GRUZ
during peak season
OLD 45 min TOWN
GRUZ
NEW RELIEVED SITUATION l Existing connections
via bus /car / foot
OLD
GRUZ
15 minTOWN
during peak season
OLD 40 min TOWN
OLD
GRUZ
45 min TOWN
ll New connection via the mountain
by cable car
NEU
GRUZ
3 min
18 min
lll New connection via the water
OLD TOWN 21 min
by water taxi
NEU
GRUZ
10 min
10 urban strategy
25 min
32 min
OLD TOWN
OLD 70 min TOWN
URBAN STRATEGY
Identity: enhancing potential subcenters
Architectural Acupuncture Here the paradox that Dubrovnik has a very strong identity in a global context but is lacking identifiability on a local level is addressed. To equalize this phenomena of a concentrated identity the development of potential subcenters outside of the Old Town is stimulated. The research focuses on public spaces of interaction, where tourists and inhabitants already encounter each other. Moreover the specific characters of these zones were analysed to strengthen the local identity of the places. Architectural acupuncture is stimulating the urban development process by placing architectural interventions, so called „triggers“, in these three prospective subcenters. The triggers are hybrids of an infrastructural programme, ensuring the connection to the city, and a socio-cultural programme deriving from the aforementioned character analysis of the zones. Hence they link both strategic measures - the extension of the public transport system and the stimulation of the socio cultural exchange, resulting in an enriched public life and activation of the urban fabric.
Gruz Old Town
localising potential subcenters outside of the Old Town
trigger
subcenters placing architectural interventions that trigger the urban development
SOCIO CULTURAL PROGRAMM MOBILITY PROGRAMM triggers: architectural hybrids of two programmes to activate the subcenters
beaches & parks restaurants & bars cultural institutions hotels
INHABITANTS
sights
TOURISTS
subcenter analysis 1: zones of interaction among the inhabitants
subcenter analysis 2: zones of interaction among the tourists
subcenter analysis 3: overlay of zones to identify the parts of the city where tourists and inhabitants interact
subcenter analysis result: 3 subcenters are defined, where interaction among inhabitants and tourists take place, as well as a “grey area”, the zones of retreat which are untouched residential areas for the inhabitants.
zones of retreat INHABITANTS & Tourists
subcenters
INTENSIFIED CITY
urban strategy 11
Urban STRATEGY
The intensified City
1 Gruz Terminal, Gruz
2 Libertas Museum, Mount Srdj
5LAPAD
3 MoMa Artist-in-Residence, Ploce
4 Pile Station, Pile
5 Lapad Bay Sauna, Lapad
zones of interaction / envisioned subcenters
12 urban strategy
unplanned area / functioning city
unplanned area / zones of retreat
1 GRUZ
2 SRDJ
4PILE
3 MoMA
urban strategy 13
ARCHITECTURAL INTERVENTIONS 1 GRUZ
Cable Car Connection
Character Analysis
The harbour in Gruz is a segregated area, inaccessible for the inhabitants and Dubrovnik‘s biggest area without inclination. In the summer time the harbour is used to its full capacity handling up to eight cruise ships at a time. Despite the high number of cruise ship tourists that arrive here day by day hardly anyone spends time in this part of the town. Most of them immediately continue their journey to the famous Old Town at the other end of the city. During the winter season the activity decreases and the vast, cut-off harbour area is abandoned. A striking theme of Gruz is the difference in the buildings scale: from big scale cruise ships over medium size storage halls, administrative buildings and hotels to small scale housing. With its markets, cafes and restaurants Gruz is a lively area for the inhabitants.
large scale structures
segregated area
Gruz Dwellings
Access Gate (10m)
(6-20m)
Ticket Shop (17m) Kiosk (3m) Tent (4m)
Souvenirs (3m)
Halls
(58m)
Souvenirs (3m)
Halls
(58m)
Konzum Supermarket
(90m)
Konzum Supermarket
(90m)
Gruz harbour: arrival point for most cruise ship tourists Gruz Dwellings
Access Gate (10m)
(6-20m)
Ticket Shop (17m) Kiosk (3m) Tent (4m) GRUZ SHOPPING
AUTOBUSN KOLODVOR
Gruz Dwellings (6-20m) Cruise Ship Terminal
Access Gate (10m) (117m)
Ticket Shop (17m) Kiosk (3m) Tent (4m) Souvenirs (3m) Shopping Center (66m)
Halls Gruz Port Authority
Konzum Supermarket Bus Terminal
(58m)
(45m)
(90m) (86m)
GRUZ SHOPPING
AUTOBUSN KOLODVOR
Cruise Ship Terminal
(117m)
Shopping Center
GRUZ SHOPPING
(66m)
Gruz Port Authority
(45m)
Bus Terminal
(86m)
Bus Terminal
(86m)
Queen Mary 2
(341m)
Queen Mary 2
(341m)
Queen Mary 2
(341m)
AUTOBUSN KOLODVOR
Cruise Ship Terminal
(117m)
Shopping Center
(66m)
Gruz Port Authority
(45m)
Queen Mary 2
HOTEL PETKA
Queen Mary 2
HOTEL PETKA
Hotel Petka
(53m)
a playful handling of different scales
Queen Mary 2
HOTEL PETKA
100m 1:500
100m 1:500
Hotel Petka
(53m)
Hotel Petka
(53m)
100m 1:500
analytic map - main influences and characteristics on site
14 architectural interventions
ARCHITECTURAL INTERVENTIONS 1 GRUZ
Cable Car Connection
Gruz Terminal mobility programm
The new terminal building in Gruz is located next to the segregated area of the harbour. It plays with the varying scales of the site, ranging between small scale housing and large scale warehouses of the harbour. It combines a necessary mobility hub with leisure orientated programme to equalise its transient character. The building reacts to the seasonal changes of the district. It expands in the winter season and integrates the unused harbour areal, adding it to its programmatic variety. Thus the vast open area turns into an accessible park landscape and invites the citizens to reconquer this mostly unaccessible land. The building complex houses the cable car station, the international bus station, a roof top park and a flexible event space. This big open space is able to host various big events. Secondly it serves as parking spaces in the inbetween times, where no event takes place and the need for parking spots demands it.
PARK LANDSCAPE for recreation
SHOPS & CAFES for waiting & watching
EVENT SPACE for flexible uses
OUTLOOK for watching ships
main building materials
project: gruz terminal location: gruz harbour programm: cable car station, water taxi station, flexible indoor space, roof park and car park plot area: 14.312 m2 gross floor area: 11.451 m2 floor area ratio: 0,8 outdoor floor area: 16.885 m2 building height: 11 m above ground
2:00 pm / 28. October: kite festival
architectural interventions 15
ARCHITECTURAL INTERVENTIONS 2 SRDJ
Cable Car Connection
Character Analysis
The view from Mount Srdj over Dubrovnik, the Adriatic sea and the mountains is majestic. From up there the city can be perceived as a whole and the visitor can observe the urban life with distance. The existing cable car station houses a cafe, souvenir shop and an outside amphitheatre. Right beside the station is the imperial fortress build by Napoleon which hosts a war museum today to commemorate the defence of Dubrovnik during the war in the 1990’s.
Dubrovnik and Mount Srdj
view from cable car station
analytic map - main influences and characteristics on site
16 architectural interventions
ARCHITECTURAL INTERVENTIONS 2 SRDJ
Cable Car Connection
Libertas Museum mobility programm
The cable car station connects Gruz with the high plateau of the local mountain Srdj. Architecturally the station is carved into the mountain with a 360° roof terrace, overlooking Dubrovnik‘s stunning landscape. The building houses the “Libertas Museum” which broaches the issue of Dubrovnik‘s independence in the course of history. Thereby the new Libertas Museum creates a counterpart to the already existing war museum located at the other cable car station towards the Old town. Thus the panoramic view can be perceived with two very different connotations; one of war and destruction and one of freedom and peace. From the entrance the visitor is lead through the museum along a ramp, passing an exhibition about the city’s historic development. The waiting hall provides enough space for small events, like lectures or temporary exhibitions. INTERACTIVE EXHIBITION for educating & discussing
PANORMA TERRACE for overviewing the city
LIBERTAS MUSEUM for educating
project: libertas station location: mount srdj programm: cable car station and city museum plot area: 1.400 m2 gross floor area: 1.785 m2 floor area ratio: 0,78 outdoor floor area: 2.700 m2 building height: 6.454 m above ground
main building materials
12:01 am /1. January: new years celebration
architectural interventions 17
ARCHITECTURAL INTERVENTIONS 3 MoMa
Water Taxi Connection
Character Analysis
The district of Ploce consists of residential housing, cultural institutions like the Museum of Modern Art and hotels alined at the shore. The hotels are mostly four or five star accommodations with a great and unique view on the Old Town of Dubrovnik. The Lazareti and the Revelin, which are found on the way to the Ploce Gate, house cultural events like parties, concerts and exhibitions. The popular Banje beach is situated between the Old Town and Excelsior hotel. This is a thriving and lively public space in the summer time .
Banje Beach
MoMA
Hotel Excelsior
Ploce
Banje beach
Lazareti with the Revelin in the background
view from Hotel Excelsior to the Old Town
hotels beaches cultural insitutions
analytic map - main influences and characteristics on site
18 architectural interventions
ARCHITECTURAL INTERVENTIONS Water Taxi Connection 3 MoMa
Artist-in-residence mobility programm
This hybrid of an artist residence and a water taxi station is located directly in front of Dubrovnik‘s Museum of Modern Art. It connects the Museum to the coastline and accentuates the slightly hidden institution with a public space arranged in front of it. The building cascades down alongside the cliffs, thereby connecting the water taxi pier with the street level. Nestling to the coastline it keeps the panoramic view on the Old Town for the expensive hotels intact. The artist studio spaces for the artists are connected via an publicly accessible path system, allowing the visitors to have an insight into the artists work. This provokes interaction among the different users. The artists private and collective rooms are located more remotely underneath the studios, allowing privacy and contemplation. PUBLIC SQUARE for seeing & being seen
OPEN STUDIO for teaching & exhibiting
Beach deck ARTIST STUDIOS for sunbathing & swimming for creating & studying
project: MoMA residence location: ploce programm: water taxi pier and artist-in-residence plot area: 1086 m2 gross floor area: 516 m2 floor area ratio: 0,4 outdoor floor area: 873 m2 building height: 22,9 m above ground
main building materials
4:00 pm / 2. June: artist in residence open studio exhibition
architectural interventions 19
ARCHITECTURAL INTERVENTIONS 4 Pile
Water Taxi Connection
Character Analysis
The drop-off area for the public busses, taxis and private cruise coaches is located in front of the Pile Gate, hence this gate is the main entrance to the Old Town. During the summer season it is congested and overcrowded. Meanwhile the two other gates to the Old Town, Buza and Ploce Gate, are hardly used. The sidewalks along the moat are very narrow and close to the busy streets, making it difficult for tourist groups to use them. Potential areas that are currently used as car parks and taxi hubs have the potential to be converted into a pedestrian park connecting the gates and profiting from the impressive views on the city walls.
BUZA GATE
PILE GATE
PLOCE GATE
current traffic situation in Pile
Potential !
exisiting park on sea level
congested Pile Gate
parking in the moat
cabel car station
W
NE
Bus station & parking
PILE GATE
BUZA GATE
PLOCE GATE
New Bus station & Car park access to Old Town bus traffic analytic map - main influences and characteristics on site
20 architectural interventions
ARCHITECTURAL INTERVENTIONS Water Taxi Connection 4 Pile
Old Town Pier mobility programm
Next to the architectural intervention a redesign on urban level is planned. In order to deconcentrate the pile drop-off area the private cruise ship shuttle coaches and the taxi drop-off are relocated to a new spot at Buza Gate. There the construction of multi-use car park and infrastructural hub should be considered. The parking facilities for cars should be gathered in this new building as well, clearing the potential areas in the moat for a pedestrian connection. Predominantly the urban and architectural interventions are meant to orchestrate the masses that want to get in and out of the Old Town. The water taxi station relieves the public transport on street level and creates an inviting public space on water level. The architectural interventions are minimal: two roofs offer shelter from the weather and create space to improvise a public use, e.g. a market. The pier prominently reaches out to the open sea between the rocks. Its roof creates a waiting area for the water taxi passengers. At the other end big stairs connect the park with the street level.
ROOF for waiting & resting
ROOF for playing & interaction
13
GARDEN for relaxing & gathering
main building materials
GARDEN for playing & interaction
project: pile pier location: pile programm: water taxi pier and flexible sheltered space for improvised programm plot area: 4.884 gross floor area: 345 m2 floor area ratio: 0,07 outdoor floor area: 1.460 m2 building height: 5 m above ground
1:00 pm / 28. August: market and lido performance
architectural interventions 21
ARCHITECTURAL INTERVENTIONS 5 LAPAD
Water Taxi Connection
Character Analysis
The bay’s shore is alternating between rocky cliffs, pebble beaches and man-made shapes and stairs taming the rough nature. Lapad bay is a popular beach in Dubrovnik and used by locals and tourists likewise. The coastline is lined with hotels promising great views and access to the sea. In the summer time the area is very vivid and the area celebrates body culture and the experience of the senses: swimming, sun bathing, sailing, playing, relaxing. The lack of a proper winter programme leaves the bay abandoned during the off season.
shore variation: man made vs. natural rocky coastline
enjoying the warm water
lively summer season
abandoned winter season
hotels beaches bathing areas 100m 1:2000
analytic map - main influences and characteristics on site
22 architectural interventions
ARCHITECTURAL INTERVENTIONS Water Taxi Connection 5 LAPAD
Beach Terrace mobility programm
The seasonal differences can be clearly experienced in the Lapad Bay. As soon as the temperatures drop in wintertime and the sea turns cold the bay is abandoned and empty. The architectural intervention responds to this phenomena by offering different uses for the two seasons, introducing a winter programme for the bay. During winter a sauna landscape takes advantage of the cold water temperatures. In summer the terrace serves as a beach deck for sunbathing and sporty activities. In both seasons the intervention stays authentic to the bays characteristic theme “body culture�. The building nestles against the rocky coast line, hiding the sauna and change rooms inside the cliffs. The sun deck mimics the manmade shapes that are already present in the design of the bay. The water taxi connection makes the area easily accessible by sea. The Lungomare, which encloses the bay, guarantees access by foot.
13
WATER TAXI PIER for arriving & departing
SAUNA Beach deck for sunbathing & swimming for relaxation
project: beach terrace location: lapad bay programm: water taxi station, sun deck & sauna plot area: 1.226 m2 gross floor area: 233m2 floor area ratio: 0,19 outdoor floor area: 993 m2 building height: 4 m above ground
main building materials
8:00 am / 11. November: cooling off after the sauna
architectural interventions 23
EVALUATION
Intensification and diversification
The project intents to transform Dubrovnik into a versatile and balanced city; we call it the intensified Dubrovnik. By this means the city becomes resilient and adaptable. Due to that progression the city is capable to absorb the seasonal fluctuations on every level and thus minimises its subsequent effects. The project explaines how targeted interventions can function as a catalyst for fundamental urban transformations. The punctual intensification and diversification of small defined „micro-hubs“ in the different neighbourhoods are minimal operations, which achieve maximal results. Urban processes are provoked and ideally implemented with the participation of the citizens. Furthermore the project strives to initiate a sustainable development for the city on different levels. Firstly the new mobility system reduces the road users and introduces ecofriendlier means of transportation, emitting less C02. Secondly a social sustainability is envisioned by supporting sociodiversity and interaction. Thus the local communities are strengthened, leading to vivid neighbourhoods and enhancing the quality of life for the citizens. For the implementation and the final definition of the trigger-projects a democratic process is favoured, which should ideally be based on the participation of the citizens together with the local authorities. In that way the development will be authentic and fruitful. This strategy has the major advantage that it can be implemented in phases and to a flexible extent, concerning available budgets and resources as a point of origin. Therefore the developed approach is equally applicable during times of the global economic crisis.
For the interpretation of our research we would like to place the project in the context of the „urban acupuncture“ methodology. In the current urban and architectural discourse this approach is intensely discussed and seen as an innovative alternative to large-scale master planning. The method got already applied in cities like Curitiba in Brazil. Jamie Lerner, architect and the city‘s mayor, succeeded to revitalise the entire city system by stimulating problematic neighbourhoods punctually.
“Strategic punctual interventions can create a new energy and help the desired scenario to be consolidated. This is “Urban Acupuncture”: it revitalises an ... area and its surroundings through a simple touch of a key point. Just as in the medical approach, this intervention will trigger positive chainreactions, helping to ... enhance the whole system. There are three fundamental issues that are key to the good quality of urban life: sustainability, mobility and sociodiversity.“ Jamie Lerner, Harvard Business Review, 2011 newly activated buildings
24 evaluation
buildings within subcenters
buildings inbetween
buildings in zones of retreat
a balanced city: offering a gradient of interaction ranging between intense subcentres and zones of retreat
evaluation 25
EVALUATION
The intensified Gruz
Gruz terminal serves as a landmark and combines the functions of a mobility hub with a flexible event space and a public park. It introduces leisure activities in an area dominated by its roughness and transitory character. The intensification of the zone begins with the enrichment of the core programme with more diverse uses. Improvised activities take place like skating or movie screenings. This adoption of the place by the citizens triggers the settlement of new active programme along the harbour road.
Bars
Roller Disco
Clubs
Restaurants
Shops
Concerts
Cinema
Skating
Flexible Space
Park
Shops & CafĂŠs
Bus Station *
Ferry Terminal *
Cable Car Station
* inoperable due to stormy weather
summer
winter
summer
winter
summer
winter
INTENSIFICATION within the ZONE ENRICHMENT of CORE PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION of CORE PROGRAMME
diversification over time - rhythms and life cycles of the urban space
the gradual settlement of new public programmes
26 evaluation
already activated buildings
phase 01
phase 02
EVALUATION
The intensified Srdj
Srdj station connects Gruz and the Old Town. At the same time the Libertas Museum gives an input to the visitors, influencing his perception on the city panorama. The core programme will be diversified with events like lectures and public celebrations. It is not intended to intensify this area with new buildings, it will have its effect on the valley stations
Planting The Park Lectures
Independence Day Party
New Years Celebration
Park
Panoramic Photo Point
Libertas Museum
*
Cable Car Station
* inoperable due to stormy weather
summer
winter
summer
winter
summer
winter
INTENSIFICATION within the ZONE ENRICHMENT of CORE PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION of CORE PROGRAMME
diversification over time - rhythms and life cycles of the urban space
the gradual settlement of new public program
already activated buildings
phase 01
phase 02
evaluation 27
EVALUATION
The intensified MoMA
The MoMA artist-in-residence programme reemphasises the city‘s edge behind the Old Town, focussing on artistic culture. In the process of adoption to the new activation the core programme of artist studios and exhibition spaces will be enriched by art classes, art fairs and performances for the Summer Festival. These additional activities trigger the intensification of the zone with new settlement of for example galleries, studios, shops for art supplies and bars.
Galeries Artist Studios Art Supplies Bars
Fishing Supplies
Dubrovnik Art Fair
Beach Party
Performing Summer Festival
Art Classes
Fishing Competion
Fishing
Diving Contest Beach Deck
Exhibition Space
New Artists Moving In
Artist Studios *
Water Taxi Pier
* inoperable due to stormy weather
summer
winter
summer
winter
summer
winter
INTENSIFICATION within the ZONE ENRICHMENT of CORE PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION of CORE PROGRAMME
diversification over time - rhythms and life cycles of the urban space
the gradual settlement of new public program
28 evaluation
already activated buildings
phase 01
phase 02
EVALUATION
The intensified Pile
Pile Old Town pier establishes a new access to the Old Town by the waterfront. Its main task is to organise and distribute the flow of people. Additionally the flexible space at the square can shelter spontaneous public activities, like performances and sports. The triggered intensification of the surrounding mainly influences the Old Town Moat, which has the potential to become a lush green connecting park with locations for urban farming.
Gardening in the Moat
Kayak Rental
local boat repair
Location for the Dubrovnik Sweets Festival
Summer Festival Performance
Indoor Sports (eg. Ping Pong)
Ping Pong Tournament
Ice Cream Parlour
Flexible Space
Garden
Playground *
Water Taxi Pier
* inoperable due to stormy weather
summer
winter
summer
winter
summer
winter
INTENSIFICATION within the ZONE ENRICHMENT of CORE PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION of CORE PROGRAMME
diversification over time - rhythms and life cycles of the urban space
the gradual settlement of new public program
already activated buildings
phase 01
phase 02
evaluation 29
EVALUATION
The intensified Lapad
Lapad beach terrace introduces new uses during the winter season in Lapad Bay, keeping the zone vivid almost all year long. The enrichment of the core programme foresees events like new year bathing, beach parties or using the Lapad terrace as a stage for Summer Festival performances. The developments in that area will trigger similar new venues to settle around the bay, like whirlpools, saunas and sport facilities.
(converted) Saunas
Whirlpools
Massages
Sport Facilities
Beach Party
Summer Festival Performance
New Year Bathing
Cool Off
Sauna
Sundeck *
Water Taxi Pier
* inoperable due to stormy weather
summer
winter
summer
winter
summer
winter
INTENSIFICATION within the ZONE ENRICHMENT of CORE PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION of CORE PROGRAMME
diversification over time - rhythms and life cycles of the urban space
the gradual settlement of new public program
30 evaluation
already activated buildings
phase 01
phase 02
EVALUATION
The extended mobility system handles the cruise ship shuttle traffic
GRUZ
8.
1. 2.
OLD TOWN 9.
current shore excursion itineraries - the few connecting streets between Gruz and the Old Town are easily congested - poorer experience for the cruise ship tourists
GRUZ
8.
1. 2.
OLD TOWN 9.
possible future shore excursion itineraries - using the new mobility system relieves the city traffic - manifold first impressions for the tourists
evaluation 31
ABOUT
The authors Sybille Paulsen and Katharina Riedel, both young architects based in Berlin, graduated from the University of Technology Berlin in 2012 with the diploma thesis „Dubrovnik Cruiseship Tourism- a blessing in disguise“ at the chair of Prof. Bostjan Vuga. Their fields of research are urban processes and the composition of public space.
Sybille Paulsen Sybille undertook further education at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, School of Architecture, Copenhagen. During her studies she assisted Prof. Susanne Hoffmann, founder of the office Baupiloten, in developing and leading several participation based workshops. She has worked for Graft Architects, Berlin and is currrently practising as an artist and designer.
Katharina Riedel Katharina undertook further education at the Delft University of Technology. During her studies she participated in multiple international workshops e.g. at Tsinghua University in Bejing and with die Angewandte, Vienna. She has worked several years as a student tutor at the University of Technology Berlin and in various offices amongst others NL architects, Amsterdam. Currently she is working as an architect in Berlin, establishing her own architecture and urbanism practice.
imprint
The Authors Sybille Paulsen (Dipl.-Ing. of Architectural Studies) Katharina Riedel (Dipl.-Ing. of Architectural Studies)
Project phase December 2011 - June 2012 within the framework of the University of Technology Berlin Guest Professor Boštjan Vuga Straße des 17. Juni 152 10623 Berlin
Concept, design, composition Sybille Paulsen, Katharina Riedel All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording otherwise, without the prior written permission from the authors.
Sources If not mentioned otherwise, for sketches, models, photography, plans, and computer-generated pictures: Sybille Paulsen, Katharina Riedel
Disclaimer The authors have taken every effort to trace the copyright holders of photographs and plans reproduced in this edition. Should any copyright holders be missed, we ask those affected to contact the authors.
Contact Sybille Paulsen
I email: sybillepaulsen@aol.com
I phone: +49 (0) 176 60 96 75 71
Katharina Riedel
I email: katharina.riedel@gmail.com
I phone: +49 (0) 171 15 51 70 6 33