* The sunrise and sunset times are middle of the disk rising which is used for astrological purposes. * The Tithi, Nakshatra, Yoga, and Karana times are end times. Chandra and Surya Rasi change time are Pravesha time (begining). * When the end time or start time denotes time greater than 24 hours then its next day after midnight but before nextday sunrise in that case subtract 24 from the time and use next day. About Tithi, Nakshatra, Yoga, and Karana Timings: Indian dates are not fixed for 24 hours. They can be shorter and longer in the length. The day is from one sunrise to another sunrise. So this means usually any day will have two tithis, two nakshatras, two yogas, and three karanas. This is because panchangam denotes when they will end. Hence these timings are end timings. Next one starts right after current Tithi, Nakshatra, Yoga and Karana ends. For example T:Saptami 12:10:22 means Saptami ends at 12:10:22 and asthami starts right after that time. Hence on that day from sunrise to 12:10:22 it’s saptami then it’s asthami. Like wise for nakshatra, yoga and karana. Sometimes one tithi can be shorter. For example sunrise is at 6:10 AM and tithi saptami can end at 6:48:23 AM and right away asthami will start but it can very well end before next day sunrise which will be 6:11 AM, and asthami end timings 29:10:23 AM means 24+5:10 5:10:23 AM next day. In this case saptami till 6:48:34 AM, astami till 29:10:23 (5:10:23 AM of next day -- remember indian day is from sunrise to sunrise and hence we don’t reset clock at midnight), and from 29:10:23 (5:10:23AM) navami till sunrise (6:11 AM of next day), and hence three tithis. Same applies for nakshatra, and yogas too. Karana is a half tithi means each tithi will have two karana. In normal cases when every day when we have two tithis those days we’ll have three karanas (2 implicit mentioned and one explicit means after that time till sunrise next karana). As explained before About Sun and Moon Timings: They are pravesha timings means it’s the time when sun and moon will change their rashis. For example: SN: Mithuna 22:10. It means Sun will enter mithuna rashi at (22:10) 10:10 PM. Before that sun will be in vrishabha rashi. Like wise for the moon MN: Simha 00:10. Moon will enter simha rashi at 00:10 AM before that moon will be in karkata rashi. About Lagna and Chogadia Timings: These times indicates pravesha timings means the time which lagna or chogadia will start. pushkara timings means a very good timings with in that lagna. Good for 1 ghatika. 24 minutes. There are two luni-solar calendars are used in India. Poornimanth months and Amavasyant months. Poornimant months months starts with krishna paksha and end with shukla paksha where as in amavasyant month starts with shukla paksha and ends with krishna paksha. There are equal amount of treatise exists for both system. Amavasyant is easy for calculation of panchanga, where as poornimanth becomes more complicated during adhika month and kshaya masa, (if you look at how they are dividing the months when adhika month comes, you could endup scratching your head). Amavasyant is very easy. Poornimant is mostly used in hindi speaking belt. Non-hindu speaking belt like gujarathi, marathi, south indians uses amavasyant month system. However, gujarati’s new year starts with kartik shukla paksha prathama where as hindi speaking people, and south indian’s new year start with chaitra sukla paksha prathama. In Poornimant Krishna paksha comes first, and then shukla paksha. so when Amavasyant months have posh krishna paksha Poornimant will have magha krishna paksha and then will be magha shukla paksha (common for both), after that phalguna krishna paksha will come for Poornimanth months whereas amantha month call it as a magha krishna paksha. *** Calendar & Information from www.mypanchang.com*** AsiAmerica Digest March 2010
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