CRAFTS•SEWING
From sewing expert and pattern designer Linda Lee, The Sewing Workshop gives you the know-how to become a bona fide sewer. From tools and terms to essential techniques—it’s all here! Each of the more than 30 fabulous projects introduces a new skill or combination of skills to practice, and all the while you’ll be making super fashions for you and hip soft furnishings for your home. The easy-to-follow, step-by-step directions and clear illustrations guarantee success.
T H E SEW ING W O R K S H O P
Cover design by Diane Lamphron Cover photography by Dan Howell
• ALSO PUBLISHED BY SIXTH&SPRING BOOKS
Fabric Guide The Ultimate Fiber Resource
CUSTOM COUTURE 32 Ways to Transform Your Wardrobe with Needle and Thread
SIMPLICITY FABRIC GUIDE: The Ultimate Fiber Resource
LINDA LEE
LINDA LEE, ASID, is the founder of SewingWorkshop.com and the owner of The Sewing Workshop Pattern Collection, which features distinctive garments that use innovative sewing techniques. Linda travels the country teaching fine sewing techniques and the art of combining beautiful fabrics and distinctive design in garments and home decorating creations. She has written fourteen books about sewing garments and soft furnishings, and also writes for Threads, Sew News, and Stitch magazines. She lives in Topeka, Kansas.
Sew What You Want Exactly The Way You Want It!
The Sewing Workshop
$17.95 U.S.A. • $21.95 Canada
The Sewing Workshop MAKE IT YOUR OWN– SEW IT YOURSELF!
In The Sewing Workshop, author and sewing expert Linda Lee gives you the knowledge and skills you need to create your own home décor, bags, and fashion accessories—exactly what you want, exactly the way you want it! Start by learning about the materials, tools, and techniques you’ll need, from preparing fabric, to sewing with a machine and by hand, to creating special elements. The more than 30 projects are designed not only to teach you how to sew but to inspire your creativity.
LEARN TO SEW
with 30+ Easy, Pattern-Free Projects
• HOME ACCENTS Fresh ideas for decorating, organizing, and giving creative gifts with a personal touch.
• BAGS & TOTES Hip ways to carry everything you need so you can express your style while toting your stuff.
• WEAR IT Unique projects for fun fashions like scarves, a belt, a brooch, even a tube top and a skirt.
$17.95 U.S.A. • $21.95 Canada
ISBN 978-1936096404
Make a project according to the directions, or make it your way by changing the size, adding your own details, or using a special fabric. Whatever you do, have a blast and be proud of it, because you made it yourself!
51795
sixthandspringbooks.com PR I NT E D I N CH I N A
9 781936 096404
LINDA LEE
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the sewing workshop
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the sewing workshop learn to sew with 30 easy, no-pattern projects L I N D A
L E E
NEW YORK
000
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161 Avenue of the Americas New York, New York 10013 sixthandspringbooks.com Editorial Director: Joy Aquilino Senior Editor: Michelle Bredeson Art Director: Diane Lamphron Editorial Assistant: Alexandra Joinnides Instructions Editor: Pat Harste Designer: Joy Toltzis Makon Photographer: Dan Howell Photo Stylist: Laura Maffeo Illustrators: Matt Dojny and Jane Fay Vice President, Publisher: Trisha Malcolm Creative Director: Joe Vior Production Manager: David Joinnides President: Art Joinnides Copyright © 2012 by Sixth & Spring All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or information storage-and-retrieval systems— without written permission of the publisher. The written instructions, photographs, designs, projects, and patterns are intended for the personal, noncommercial use of the retail purchaser and are under federal copyright laws; they are not to be reproduced in any form for commercial use. Permission is granted to photocopy patterns for the personal use of the retail purchaser.
Library of Congress Catalog Control Number: 2011942090 ISBN 978-1-936096-40-4 Manufactured in China 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 First Edition
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contents P R E FA C E 8
Sewing Starters
page 10
S E W I N G W I T H A M A C H I N E page 20
FA B R I C B A S I C S page 12
What you’ll need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
The anatomy of fabric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Machine stitches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Preparing your fabric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Fusible web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
S E W I N G B Y H A N D page 24
On the inside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
What you’ll need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Hand-sewing stitches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
M E A S U R I N G & M A R K I N G page 15
What you’ll need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
C O N S T R U C T I N G A S E A M page 26
Making a pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
What you’ll need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Enlarging a pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Seaming essentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Sewing a seam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
L A Y I N G O U T FA B R I C page 18
Pressing seams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
What you’ll need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Trimming seams and corners . . . . . . . . . 28
How-to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Special seams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Inserting a zipper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
C U T T I N G page 19
Adding buttonholes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
What you’ll need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 How-to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
S E W I N G A H E M page 32
What You’ll Need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 How-to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
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contents S P E C I A L E L E M E N T S page 34
Fabric tubes, straps & drawstrings . . . . 34
Home Accents
How-to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Appliqué placemat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Pocket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Trimmed napkin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Knotted buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Layered table runner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Prairie points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Ball fringe pillow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Quilted throw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
P R E S S I N G page 40
Journal cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
What you’ll need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Zippered pouch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
How-to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Laundry bag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Fusing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Lingerie bag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Appliqué . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
F I N I S H I N G page 42
Bags & Totes
What you’ll need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Flat shopper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Finishing seams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Raw-edge tote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Sewing on a button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Handy shoulder bag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Oversized carryall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Retro bucket bag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Suede hobo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Swing satchel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Roomy backpack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Courier bag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Drawstring pouch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
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Wear It Sheer geometry scarf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Pearl essence belt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Confetti fleece scarf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Fabric brooch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Gossamer ribbon scarf . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Mini phone tote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Sequin pocket scarf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Tube top . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Scrap fabric boa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Wrap skirt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Connecting scarves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Buttonhole play scarf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
H E L P F U L I N F O R M AT I O N page 126
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Measurement Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
TRIMMED N A P K I N page 48
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THIS CHAPTER OFFERS AN OVERVIEW
of the basics of the sewing process—the materials, tools, and techniques you’ll need to make all the projects in this book—from preparing fabrics, to pressing, to creating special elements.
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sewing starters
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fabric basics THE ANATOMY OF FABRIC
BIAS
The woven edge of a fabric is called
This is any diagonal line intersecting
the selvage and runs parallel to the
the lengthwise and crosswise
lengthwise grain of fabric. The right-
threads. Fabric that has been cut on
angled edge to the selvage is called
the bias has more stretch.
the crosswise grain. selvage
Fabrics have a right side and a wrong bi as
which is which before you begin your project. The way the fabric is displayed on the bolt is a good clue
WS
to distinguishing the right and wrong sides. Most cottons and linens are placed on the bolt with the right side facing out, while woolens are generally bolted with the right side facing in. For knits, the cut edge usually rolls toward the right side when pulled. Unfortunately, there are no real hard-and-fast rules. So, if you’re unsure, either ask the salesperson or use the side that you like the best.
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sewing starters
RS lengthwise grain selvage
crosswise grain
side, and it’s important to know
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fabric basics ON THE INSIDE LINING
INTERLINING
UNDERLINING
fabric or the end
A lining is a second
Interlining is a
Underlining is
result that you want
layer of fabric
separate layer of
another word for
to achieve. Sew or
that hides raw seams
fabric placed
interlining.
fuse 4"/10cm
and other inner
between the lining
construction details.
and the outer fabric.
INTERFACING
wrong side of your
You can use the
It is cut the same size
Interfacing is used to
fabric. For fusing
same fabric or a
as the outer fabric.
shape detail areas
methods, follow the
contrasting fabric.
Once it is basted to
and to add body
manufacturer’s
Lining gives a project
the outer fabric, the
without adding bulk.
instructions included
a professional,
two layers are
Interfacing is
in the packaging.
finished look. In this
treated as one piece.
available in a wide
“Handle” the sample
book, linings are
It is meant to add
range of fibers
from the right side
primarily used in the
support or alter the
and textures,
to see how each
bag projects.
character of the outer
in either sew-in or
interfacing looks
fabric. Some good
fusible varieties.
and feels, then
examples of
The selection of the
choose the weight
interlining materials
appropriate
you like best.
are cotton batiste,
interfacing depends
cotton flannel,
on the weight of the
lightweight fleece, batting and organza.
14
sewing starters
squares to the
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measuring & marking MAKING A PAT TERN
patternmaking paper (sold in
Most of the projects in this book
fabric stores). You’ll also need a
don’t require patterns, but the ones
ruler and a pencil.
that do (see below, right) use
RETRO BUCKET BAG
page 76
gridded templates that can be
ENL ARGING A PAT TERN
copied onto plain paper such as
On a separate sheet of paper, draw
banner paper (comes in a roll and is
horizontal and vertical lines in a
available at office suppy stores),
2"/5cm grid, or make multiple
butcher paper (available at
copies of the grid shown opposite
supermarkets) or specialty
and tape them together. Using the pattern templates as a guide, copy each pattern piece line for line to achieve the appropriate scale. Cut along your drawn lines, then use the patterns to make the project.
PATTE R N-BA S E D PROJ ECTS
Raw-Edge Tote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Retro Bucket Bag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Swing Satchel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Courier Bag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Drawstring Pouch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Fabric Brooch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
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preface
ACROSS THE COUNTRY,
people are learning to sew and enjoying their new hobby to make gifts, save money, or simply express their creativity. If you’ve never sewn before, this book will help demystify the process.
8
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SEWING ENCOMPA SSE S A
THE SEWING WORKSHOP
WIDE RANGE OF TECHNIQUES,
GIVE S YOU THE KNOWLEDGE
from stitching on a button to creating
and skills to make you a bona fide sewer.
a haute couture evening gown. Those of
From tools to use and terms to know
generations before us sewed because
to the essential techniques—it’s all here!
they had to. They had to put clothes on
Each of the more than thirty fabulous
their family’s back, utilizing any scrap
projects introduces you to a new skill or
of fabric they could find, from old overalls
combination of skills to practice; all
to feed sacks. A new piece of fabric
the while you’ll be making super fashions
was a luxury and used only for the most
for you and your home. The easy-to-
special occasion.
follow, step-by-step directions and clear illustrations ensure success.
TODAY, WE NO LONGER “ N E E D ” T O S E W . Fashionable
THE PROJECTS ARE
clothes and soft furnishings are available
S P E C I F I C A L LY D E S I G N E D
everywhere and for every budget. While
not only to teach you how to sew, but to
professional sewing is still a serious and
inspire your own creativity. Start by
respected art, home sewing has evolved
making one of the projects according
from a necessity to a fun hobby that’s
to the directions, then make it again your
creative, rewarding and relaxing. Sure,
way! Change the size, make up your
you can buy a placemat that kind of goes
own detail, use some outrageous fabric
with your decor. But now, you’ll be able to
or decorate it with something old that
match your decor exactly using beautiful
you’ve had stashed away.
fabrics in colors and textures you choose yourself! And, gifts for family and friends
W H A T E V E R Y O U D O , have a
are even more special and appreciated
blast and be proud of it, because
when you make them yourself.
YOU MADE IT YOURSELF!
9
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laying out fabric WHAT YOU’LL NEED
HOW-TO
PINS
Place your washed and pressed
Glass-head straight pins with good
fabric on a large, flat surface.
sharp points are a must. To prevent
Spread it out either in a single layer
fabric from snagging, replace pins
or, if you’re cutting duplicate pieces,
as the points become dull and throw
folded in half (right sides together)
away pins that get bent.
with the selvages perfectly aligned.
MAGNETIC PIN HOLDER
If you aren’t using a pattern, roughly
OR PIN CUSHION
measure your project pieces so you
Either of these notions is a
know you have enough fabric, then
handy place to store pins and
draw the cutting lines on the fabric
keep them accessible.
using a ruler and chalk marker. If you’re using a pattern, place your pattern pieces, without pinning, in a layout that conserves fabric and keeps the pieces on the straight of grain. When your layout is finalized, pin the pattern pieces to the fabric, placing the pins through all layers and perpendicular to the edge of the pattern piece.
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sewing starters
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sewing with a machine MACHINE STITCHES
BASTE
In addition to the basic straight
A basting stitch is an elongated
stitch and zigzag stitch, you’ll use
stitch used to temporarily hold two
these essential stitches and
pieces of fabric together.
techniques to make the projects. L
B A R TAC K
WS
This is a zigzag stitch that is
BACKSTITCH
Backstitches reinforce a stitching
sewn with the feed dogs lowered
line. To backstitch when machine
so that a few stitches are sewn
sewing, begin stitching about
in the same place.
1
⁄4"/.6cm from the end and sew in
reverse to the edge, then stitch
EDGESTITCH
forward. Keep stitching to the other
This is topstitching that’s placed
end, then reverse your stitches
very close to an edge.
1
L
again for about ⁄4"/.6cm. STITCH IN THE DITCH
WS
The ditch is the “well” or center of a
RS
seam that you see on the right side of the fabric. Stitching down the center of the “well” holds layers of fabric together invisibly.
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sewing by hand WHAT YOU’LL NEED
HAND-SEWING STITCHES
HAND-SEWING NEEDLES
RUNNING STITCH
Crewel embroidery needles have
The running stitch is a temporary
the largest eyes, for easier
stitch used for basting and is
threading, and the sharpest points
intended to be removed. It is done
as well.
using a contrasting color thread so it’s easy to see the stitches when
THREAD
removing them. The running stitch
You can use the same thread for
can be stitched either by hand or by
sewing by hand as you do for
machine.
machine sewing (see page 20). M
SLIPSTITCH
The slipstitch joins a folded edge to a flat layer of fabric. Working from right to left, insert the needle into the folded edge for about 1⁄4"/.6cm, then pick up a single thread of the other layer. Insert the needle into the folded edge again and continue as before. This stitch is also used to join two folded edges together such as the opening in a pillow cover.
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sewing starters
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constructing a seam WHAT YOU’LL NEED
SEAMING ESSENTIALS
SEAM GAUGE
SEAM ALLOWANCE
This handy 6"/15cm metal ruler has
There are three standard seam
a sliding marker and is used to mark
allowances that you should know.
and check small measurements
For garments, it’s a 5⁄8"/1.6cm seam
during construction.
allowance. Home decorating and other craft projects use a 1⁄2"/1.3cm
SEAM RIPPER
seam, and quilting projects
This penlike tool has a sharp point
traditionally use a 1⁄4"/.6cm
and a small cutting groove. It’s
allowance. The seam allowance
used to quickly and accurately
for all the projects in this book is
remove stitches so you can correct
1
⁄2"/1.3cm.
mistakes. STITCH LENGTH
Use a stitch length of 2mm to 2.5mm for most fabrics. The general rule is the heavier the fabric, the longer the stitch length.
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EVEN IF YOU’RE AN ABSOLUTE BEGINNER,
the nine stylish projects in this chapter make decorating and organizing your home—and giving creative wedding or housewarming gifts with a personal touch— simple and easy.
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home accents
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With right sides together, fold the
6
Slipstitch the folded edge of the brocade
brocade back on itself,
to the stitching line of the
leaving the 1â „2"/1.3cm turned
sheer fabrics. /
WS
back. Stitch the side seams 4
RS
RS
and trim. Press the seams open and turn to the outside.
5
home accents
51
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laundry bag A laundry bag, a linen bag, a drawstring bag, a sack—it’s whatever you want it to be. It’s an easy bag to make large for toting stuff or small and dressed up for evening.
FINISHED SIZE
PREPAR ATION
• Cut one piece lace
toward the center of the
20" x 28"/51 x 71cm
• If using towels, remove
22"/56cm wide.
bag. Baste in place.
MATERIAL S
hem stitches and press flat,
• Two towels 21" x 28"/ 53.5 x 71cm or 17⁄8 yd/ 1.75m fabric for bag
or cut two bag pieces
• Cut two strips of lining
22"/56cm wide x
fabric the width of the top
4
29"/73.5cm long.
of the bag plus seam
sides and bottom of the bag
allowances x 4"/10cm.
pieces together.
2 1⁄2"/6.5cm wide x
CONSTRUCTION
22"/56cm long for casing.
1
Turn the edges of
5
each end of the lace
to the wrong side 31⁄2"/9cm.
• 1⁄4 yd/.25m contrasting fabric for casing and drawstrings • 2⁄3 yd/.75m lace trim TECHNIQUES Baste, page 22
together, sew the
• Cut two contrasting pieces
1
Continuous drawstring, page 36
With right sides
Finish the top edge of the bag. Fold the top
• Cut enough strips of 1 ⁄2"/
to the wrong side and stitch
Topstitch near the finished
4cm wide contrasting fabric
to finish.
edge of the turndown.
2
6
to sew together to make two
Edgestitch, page 22
strips 54"/137cm long.
Finishing, page 42 Topstitch, page 23
Finish the bottom edges of each bag
Press the two long edges of casing strip
1
⁄2"/1.3cm to the wrong side.
piece.
Press each end 1⁄2"/1.3cm to 4
3
RS
3
Center the lace piece
the wrong side. Pin a casing
on the right side of
strip to the right side of both
one bag piece, placing the
the front and back of the bag
decorative edge of the lace
2 3⁄4"/7cm from the top and
WS
WS
60
home accents
5
6
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leaving the ends open at the side seams of the bag. Edgestitch both long edges of the casing.
7
Make two 54"/137cm long drawstrings.
Attach the safety pin to the end of one drawstring. Starting at one side, feed the pin and drawstring through the casing, bringing it out the same side it was inserted.
8
Feed the second drawstring through
the casing, starting on the side opposite from the previous drawstring and bringing it out on the side of insertion.
9
Complete each drawstring as a
continuous piece. Loosely knot each drawstring. /
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THIS CHAPTER OFFERS TEN TRENDY PROJECTS
for carrying everything you need—not just the usual day-to-day items, but groceries, laptops, books, and more—so you can express your style while toting your stuff around town.
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bags & totes
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RS WS
5
5
Turn tote to the outside. Place the
plastic or cardboard piece in the bottom. Stitch a few stitches through the bottom seam to secure in place. POCKET AND LINING
6
Sew a 1"/2.5cm finished hem in the
pocket top.
8
Center the pocket
2"
2"/5cm from the top RS
of one lining piece and
3"
9
Construct the lining pieces same as for
the outer tote.
topstitch in place. Stitch a
7
Press 1â „2"/1.3cm
vertical line 3 1â „2"/9cm from
seam allowances of
one edge.
the pocket sides and bottom to the wrong side.
RS
8
10
Insert the lining into the tote. Pin
the top edges together and topstitch. /
bags & totes
73
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3
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Clip the bottom edge every 1â „2"/1.3cm to
the staystitching.
4
With right sides together, pin the bag
to the bottom circle, matching the raw edges and allowing the clipped seam allowance to spread open.
5
Stitch over the previous staystitching
line. Finish the raw edges together. 4
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suede hobo This fashionable bag is made of asymmetrical pieces of felled wool and real suede that are sewn in an overlapping free-form design to a flower-motif lining.
FINISHED SIZE
PREPAR ATION
19"/48cm wide x 15"/38cm high (excluding handles)
• Using the template grid
MATERIAL S
• 1⁄4 yd/.25m each of five fabrics such as wool, felt or washed wool jersey
(see below), enlarge the pattern and draw the bag shape on pattern paper. • Draw shapes of fabric pieces on pattern paper.
• One suede skin or pieces
• Cut out each shape in
• 2yd/2m lining fabric
various fabrics, adding extra
• Pattern paper
fabric where necessary for
• One pair 9"/23cm diameter wood handles TECHNIQUES
Enlarging a pattern, page 16
underlapping. (If using suede, let the edge of the skin dictate the general character of the shapes and arrangements.)
Finishing, page 42 Lining (see On the Inside), page 14
• Using the bag pattern, cut out two pieces of lining.
Slipstitch, page 24 Topstitch, page 23 Walking foot (see Presser Feet), page 21
• Cut two strips of lining fabric the width of the top of
TEMPLATE GRID
one square = 2"
the bag plus seam allowances x 4"/10cm.
bags & totes
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NEED TO SPICE UP YOUR WARDROBE
without spending a bundle? Check out this chapter’s twelve quick and easy projects for fun fashions and accessories like scarves, a belt, and a brooch, plus a tube top and a skirt.
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wear it
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CONSTRUCTION
1
Using the template method of pressing
hems, press 11⁄4"/3cm finished hems in the sides and bottom of each rectangle. Topstitch the side hems in place first, then topstitch the bottom hem.
2
Using the template with the 1⁄2"/1.3cm-
marked line, press 1
⁄2"/1.3cm to the wrong side
of the top hem. Now, press the top hem 4"/10cm to the wrong side.
3
Pin one rectangle over the other
drawing. Wrap the skirt
4
around yourself and adjust
previous hem seamlines.
rectangle according to the
Follow the drawing to topstitch along the
Try on the skirt and mark the button
placements. Sew on the buttons. /
the angle and placement for size and fit.
6
5
RS
Make a buttonhole in the upper corner of
each rectangle.
4
RS
wear it
119
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