Figure it Out! Human Proportions

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The Back

Body Length 68 The Halfway Point 69 Head and Body Width 70 Exceptions to the 3-Heads Rule Posture and Proportions 72 Shoulder-to-Hip Ratio 73

The Torso

The Shoulder Blades 102 The Height of the Shoulder Blades, Side View 104 The Length of the Shoulder Muscles, Rear View 105

The Hands and Feet

Neck Width 76 The Adam’s Apple 77 The Angle of the Neck 78 The Chest 79 The Shape and Size of the Chest Muscles 81 The Chest and Rib Cage 82 The Hollow of the Rib Cage 83 Placement of the Navel 84 The Two Essential Landmarks of the Torso 86 The Widest Point of the Lower Body

106

The Hand: Overall Size 108 The Fingers 110 The Length of the Thumb and Other Details 111 The Foot 112

71

74

The Arms and Legs

100

Step-by-Step Tutorials: The Figure 114 87

88

Arms and Legs: Overview 90 Arm Proportions With and Without the Hand 91 The Level of the Elbow 92 The Elbow in Different Positions 93 What to Do When the Arm Is Bent 94 The Wrist 95 The Effect of Motion on Wrist Placement 96 The Legs 97 The Calf 98

Quick Check: Simplified Proportions of the Body 116 The Effects of Age on the Body 117 The Torso, Hands on Hips 119 The Torso, Arms Up 122 The Torso, 3⁄4 Rear View 125 Standing Pose, Front View 128 Standing Pose, Side View 131 Bending Pose, Side View 134 Bending Pose: Cheating a Side View 137 Twisting the Torso and Hips, Rear View 140

Index

143