N ic h e
P a s s iv e v o c a b u l a r y
The specific area of research on which you are focusing.
The group of words which you are able to understand (either in listening or reading) but not use when speaking or writing.
Related step: 22
Related entry: active vocabulary N o m in a l iz a t io n
The process of forming a noun from a verb or adjective.
Related steps: 30, 35 P e e r - r e v ie w e d a r t ic l e
Related entries: content word, noun phrase, word class
An article which has been evaluated and checked by experts in the relevant field.
Related step: 24
Related step: 7
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N oun phrase
P e r s o n a l l e a r n in g s t y l e
A phrase in which the main word is a noun. Information may be added before a noun phrase (e.g., an adjective) or afterwards (e.g., a relative clause).
The different ways in which people learn languages, e.g., some people are ‘visual’ learners (i.e., they learn best when presented with images), while others are ‘auditory’ learners (i.e., they learn more through listening).
Related entries: phrase, postmodification, prepositional phrase, relative clause, verb phrase Related steps: 2, 9, 40 O b j e c t iv it y
An impartial, unbiased attitude which is based on evidence and analysis. Subjectivity, by contrast, indicates an attitude which comes only from an individual’s thoughts and feelings.
Related step: 36 P hrasal verb
A type of verb composed of a main verb and one or more preposition (e.g., look for/look into). Academic writing tends to prefer one-word verbs (e.g., search/investigate). Related entries: formality, preposition Related steps: 21, 38
Related entries: bias, vested interest Related step: 22 O n l in e c o r p u s
P hrase
A group of words that forms a component of a sentence.
A collection of academic essays which can be searched electronically. Searching an online corpus can be useful to see if a particular word or phrase is commonly used in academic writing.
Related entries: noun phrase, prepositional phrase, verb phrase
Related steps: 23, 32, 35, 36, 37, 40
The way in which a particular syllable or word is given prominence or emphasis in a sentence.
P a r a p h r a s in g
Related entries: tempo, tone
Rewriting text from another piece of writing, using your own words. Related entries: quotation, referencing, summarizing Related step: 4 P a s s iv e v o ic e
See v o i c e .
Related steps: 1, 9, 21, 33, 37, 39 P it c h
Related steps: 1, 43 P l a g ia r is m
Academic theft: the act of stealing another person’s idea and pretending that it is your own. There are very strict penalties for plagiarism in British universities. Related entries: accidental plagiarism, paraphrasing, referencing, summarizing Related steps: 3, 4