Now Matters Now by Shreeprasanna Kottakota

How might we use Design Research and Strategy to prevent suicides among university students?

Contents

01 Planning 04 Subject of Study

04 Ideation 54 Concepts Generation

05 Problem Statement

56 Concepts Mapping

06 Purpose & Scope

58 Design Criteria

08 Research Matrix

60 Final Concepts

14 Research Space Map 16 Research Protocol

Discovery

20 Stakeholder

Experimentation

68 Morphological Synthesis Prototype

22 Innovation Diagnostic Model 24 Competitorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Map 26 Subject Matter Interview 30 Survey

Interpretation

34 ERAF Stakeholder Map

Evolution

70 Final Solution

36 Working Wall

77 Value Proposition Canvas

38 Notes Interpretation

78 Business Model Canvas

40 Data to Ideas Map

79 Strategies

42 Notes

100 Annotated Bibliography

46 User Journey Map 48 Empathy Map

Subject of Study To understand expanding knowledge base of the incidence and prevalence of suicidal behaviors in different populations, the etiology, progression, and transmission of suicidal behaviors, and the development of effective clinical and population based 4

protocols, practices, procedures, and policies.

Defining the problem Suicide is the second leading cause of death among college - aged students in the United States. It is estimated a campus of 10,000 students will see a student suicide every 2-3 years (Neumann, 2016). After over a century of serious attention to the public health problem of suicide and suicidal behaviors, there have been many significant advances in suicidology; yet challenges remain in suicide prevention efforts. Death by suicide is an extremely complex

WHO estimates that around 800 000 people

issue that causes pain to hundreds of

die by suicide every year, but this number

thousands of people every year all around

is likely to be just the tip of the iceberg: for

the world. Each year in the United States,

reasons that include the stigma shrouding

more than 40,000 people die by suicide and

suicide in many cultures, the lack of

1 million people attempt suicide (Lee, 2015).

adequate vital registration systems, or even the arduous administrative steps that go

We are beginning to develop a body

with the registration of a self-inflicted death,

of knowledge about the biological

many suicides remain undetected or are

underpinnings to suicidal behavior through

routinely misclassified (Lancet, 2017).

research on the neurobiology and genetics of risk for suicide. However, we still know little

Presence of a diagnosable mental

about protective factors and what places an

illness, often major depression, has been

individual at acute risk for suicidal behavior.

consistently identified as a major risk factor for suicide in all segments of the population.

We need to bridge the gap between our

Many depressed individuals are never

expanding knowledge base of the incidence

diagnosed or adequately treated

and prevalence of suicidal behaviors.

(IDPH, 2015). 5

Purpose of Study The focus of this project is to research about suicide, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cause, effects, existing prevention methods and propose a strategic solution/ framework by applying Design Management methods to help prevent suicide amongst university student community.

Scope of Study Context The frame of this study is to address one of the leading causes of deaths among young adults in the recent years that is Suicide. Suicidal behavior is often undiagnosed, under-treated, or mistreated in clinical settings because the signs and symptoms are misunderstood by the clinician, and, for the individual, truthfully answering questions about being suicidal can be influenced by stigma, denial, guilt, anger, and shame. To sum up, determining that a suicide risk assessment has been 6

that a suicide risk assessment has been completed after receiving a negative response to asking a single question (e.g., are you thinking about suicide?) is insufficient, because, in part, the question provides no context, parameters, or time frame.

Content By deploying design management methods, such as research methods and strategies, it aims to primarily understand the gap between suicide research studies and action plan, considering itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s determinants, frameworks, intervention, treatment and care. Conclusively, based on the findings this project deliver insights and find opportunities to further help in designing and developing a framework to prevent suicide among university students.

Subject The subject of this study would be as follows: University students and their families, affected families and loved ones as this would give exposure to their lives, behavior pattern and will give me a better understanding. It will also focus on Psychiatrists, Clinical Psychologists, Counselors, Social workers and organizations.

Location United States of America Savannah, GA - Fall Quarter Atlanta, GA - Summer Quarter

Map of the Research Space

Connor, Pirkis (2016) Neumann

Suicide

Preve

Univ Stud

S.P Australia (2015) Hegerl (2016) Becker (2017) Dedic (2016) Murphy (2015)

ention

Design Management

Kumar (2013) Martin, Harington (2012) Johansson (2012) Erwin (2014) Neumeier (2007) Rylander (2009) Leidtka,Salzman,Azer (2017)

versity dents The Untold Story (2015) Hunt, Eisenberg(2010)

Gantt Chart Week 1

Week 2

Week 3

Week 4

Week 5

MODE 1 Popular Media Scan

Contextual Research Plan

Key Facts

Publications Research

Ten Types of Innovation

Eras Map

Framework

MODE 2 Five Human Factors/ POEMS

Observation to Insights

Acti

Insights Sorting

Insi

AfďŹ nitisation

Sem

Analogous Models

ERAF Systems Diagram

Use

Trends Matrix

Subject Matter Interviews

Descriptive Value Web

Convergence Map

Interest Group Discussion

Venn Diagramming

Des Gen

Trends Expert Interview

Tree Hierarchy

Intent Statement

Intent Context

Research

People Frame Insights

Analysis

M.A Design Management | Fall 2018 Research Protocol Outline

Week 6

Week 7

Week 8

Week 9

Week 10

MODE 3

ivity Network

Opportunity Mind Map

Solution Diagramming

Business Model

ights Clustering Matrix

Value Hypothesis

Foresight scenario

mantic ProďŹ le

Persona

Solution Storyboard

Market & Industry Analysis

er Journey Map

Ideation Session

Prototype

sign Principles neration

Behavioral Prototype

Solution Roadmap

Concept Sketch

Business Model

Concept Scenarios

Market & Industry Analysis

Concept Grouping

Strategy Roadmap Platform Plan Reflections

Framework

Frame Insights Concepts Solutions

Synthesis

Offerings

Discovery

DISCOVERY

Identifying Stakeholders Identifying the key stakeholders in suicide prevention is among the first steps towards developing a strategy. Suicide prevention demands a multi-sectoral approach, involving health care professionals as well as representatives from other sectors. A list of stakeholders could include representatives from: • The general public health sector, including

• Parliamentarians, policy makers, and

public health managers, physicians, nurses,

politicians;

emergency care staff, paediatricians, geriatrics, bereavement specialists,

Relevant vulnerable groups, which could

administrators, statisticians, and other

include, depending on a country’s suicide

service providers;

demographics, e.g. the elderly, youth,

• Mental health services, including service

indigenous peoples, refugees, and ethnic

managers, psychiatrists, psychologists,

minorities;

mental health nurses, and social workers,

• Survivors and families;

from both the public and the private sectors;

• Communities, spiritual and religious leaders;

• The education sector, including teachers,

• Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs),

school counselors, administrators, other

family organizations, community-based

education professionals, and student

organizations, and volunteers;

leaders;

• Media;

• Legal authorities, including coroners and

• Researchers;

medico-legal staff;

• National statistics representatives;

• Police, fire services, ambulance services,

• Professional associations; and

prison and criminal services, courts, and defence forces; 20

RESEARCH TOOL

Innovation Diagnostic Model Finance BUSINESS MODEL

PROCESS NETWORK

CORE PROCESS

ENABLING PROCESS

PERFORMANCE

Non- Profit organization

Contributions/ Grants/ Gifts

AFSP North Stars

Associates

Promote policies & legislation that impact S.P

Educate public about mood disorder & S.P

Executive committee & staff

Public Policy Council

Online Program

Fundraising Events

Government Grants

Sponsors

Benefactos

Provide programs & resources for survivors of suicide loss & people at risk

Fund scientific research

Board of Directors

Senior Management

National Research Agenda

Voluntary Health Organization

Program Services

Patrons

AFSP Chapter Donors

Interactive screening program

Offer education programs for professionals

Pro Bono Legal Counsel

Finance Committee

Advocacy

Loss & Heal Council

Scientific Council & Advisors

Education programs

Chapter Leadership Council

Govenment/ Nominating Committee

KEY LEARNING

It was interesting to understand their source of revenue and the services provided by them as a non-profit. Their network is massive as they are well connected across the country. They have various types of services, tools and materials catering to different age group and phases of suicide and due to their recent update of all the digital materials their reach has improved.

OFFERING

DELIVERY

SYSTEM

SERVICE

Interactive Screening Tool

Connecting individuals to mental health professionals

Website

Social Media Hub

Research

Opening up new areas of inquiry across multiple disciplines

Walks & Events

Presentation & Talks

Policy Work

PDF/Online Tools / Program

Shifting the way communities think about mental health

Shaping laws & policies, educating federal state & local leaders

CHANNEL

Facebook Live

PDF/ Video

BRAND VALUE

USER EXPERIENCE

Good reputation

Personal Contact

Well established

Club-like

Criticism: In 2016, formed a partnership with a gun trade association

Digital

Accessible education materials

RESEARCH TOOL

Competitors Map Impactful

American foundation for suicide prevention JED SPRC SAVE ZERO Toolkit

Forefront Suicide Prevention NAMI

SAMHSA

Innovative

Traditional RAD Remedy

Positivity Activity Jackpot KOKO Lantern Talklife

Ineffective

Suicide Prevention models for university students in US. Opportunity Space

Experience based

JED

NAMI

Low Impact

High Impact Suicide Prevention Lifeline

American foundation for suicide prevention SAVE

Forefront Suicide Prevention

RAD Remedy

ZERO Toolkit

Not Collaborative

Suicide Prevention models for university students in US. Opportunity Space 25

PRIMARY RESEARCH

Subject Matter Expert Interviews This method helped up learn more about the stakeholders, their role in the existing system. I interviewed ten experts from the stakeholders map. Speaking with experts accelerated general understanding about the subject, most advanced developments and guidance to move forward in the project. The framework was around the past, the present and the future. It was beneficial to understand about the prevalence of suicide and the prevention methods from the expertâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s point of view. It worked as a guided conversation through call and in-person during which I documented interesting insights over recording and transcribing it, to not miss out on the key phrases. Important interviews in detail from the next page.

Christopher Corbett Director Counseling & Student Services, SCAD Clinical Psychologist, Past President (College Association)

He discussed about suicide as a public health problem, the stages and the typical issues faced by students in university and the stigma attached to suicide in the United States. Even though more students are reaching out, there’s a challenge in providing support. Currently, most of the universities make minor tweaks like reduce the individual time slots for appointments to meet the rising demand of stalled appointments as this requires the university to invest in resources, space and money to bring a change in the system. Currently immediate appointments are made when student mentions it’s an emergency through a conversation over call. And paperwork is completed by the student prior to the appointment. If there’s a lack of time or unavailability of appointment, counselors refer to services off campus. One of the biggest challenge is when the student is afraid to talk about it as the subject is a taboo, as often there’s a lot of shame around it , which makes it difficult for them to discuss with their friends or for friends to talk about it. He shares an interesting example of comparing the scenario with one of a student with broken hand, about how no-one’s ashamed of talking about a broken hand unlike depression or anxiety etc and we perceive that the person is not strong enough. The most important step is to find a way to make it okay to talk about, knowing what to say, when to say, how to say and address it. Other challenges that remain are how to get the materials to reach the students and how to care to listen. It’s imperative to have well rounded strategy that includes digital as well as on ground services to tackle this challenge. 27

Kathleen Elmiger First Responder Programs Crisis Intervention Training for Youth (CIT-Youth) National Alliance on Mental Illness

She spoke about the different programs offered by NAMI- GA. They offer classes for young adults with training goals to understand adolescent development, as the frontal cortex is not developed until 25- 26 yrs old. NAMI has 18-19 affiliates within Georgia Chapter. The training provided for young adults includes interactive role playing, group intervention and support. They provide information about impulsiveness, trauma experience, ability to cope and have a history transpired. She spoke of the community options available across Georgia and the awareness of resources within the state. The primary challenge in Georgia are the rural areas where there are less resources unlike in metro where thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s more access to various facilities. One of the services provided is GCAL- Georgia Crisis Access Line which is a crisis wide program available 24X7, through a telephone conversation. NAMI-GA also has an advocacy group which trains how to quickly advocate. NAMI has also partnered with schools and education system as it plays a key role in mitigating suicide among adolescents which leads to decrease in suicide as adults. When we discussed regarding suicide prevention programs for university students, she mentioned that there are lack of youth services on campus and this might be incorporated in the future at NAMI. 28

Stuart Winborne Associate Area Director Georgia Chapter, AFSP American Foundation for Suicide Prevention

We discussed about AFSP, it’s network across United States and the type of resources available for different age groups. We discussed further about programs like Community walks and Safe talk which are more interaction based. They have presentations in various locations based on requests by location community, talk saves lives. They present when there’s a minimum of 5 to maximum 15 for any group. For students, there’s a DVD -It’s Real which is a 20 minute film and also a document with facilitator’s guide. It shares the warning signs, struggles faced by students by showcasing 6 student survivors and their journeys. Currently, they have no partnerships with universities, but conduct walks in the Fall, usually reached out to by student chairs and sponsors. They also have ISP, a screening tool for university students.

Survey

96.6%

With an online survey, thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s an ability to capture a more representative sample of a larger population. Since the topic is sensitive, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a non intimidating way of knowing more about the people and the gathered targeted results to draw conclusions and make important decisions. By analyzing results, we can immediately address topics of importance and can then compare research data from secondary research and survey results to understand accuracy of suicide prevention, awareness and knowledge.

activities

KEY LEARNING

The goal for me was to develop a set of questions which can give me an insight of the awareness of suicide and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s prevention methods on university campus. To obtain these results, it was important to target an audience;t students, professors and the university staff to learn about their opinions and experiences on campus regarding suicide.

have not directly participated in any suicide prevention

While 75 % of participants were aware of suicide facts, but merely 35% were confident to recognize the warning signs of suicidal students and only 15.5% would ask someone who was exhibiting the warning signs of suicide if they are thinking.

hav to s ma

31%

have been exposed to suicide prevention materials on campus

35.3% 15.3% are confident to recognize the warning signs of suicidal students.

28.5%

think that it is a sign of personal weakness or inadequacy to receive treatment for suicidal thoughts and behaviors

31%

ve been exposed suicide prevention aterials on campus

would be confident to ask someone who was exhibiting the warning signs of suicide if they are thinking

64.3%

would be confident to connect or refer a student at risk for suicide to resources for help

SURVEY PARTICIPANTS

96.6% have not directly participated in any suicide prevention activities

STUDENTS PROFESSORS UNIVERSITY STAFF AGE - 17-64 MALE - 31% | FEMALE - 69%

Interpretation

FRAMING INSIGHTS

ERAF Systems This tool helped me structure existing knowledge and understand the relationships between stakeholders. I tried to capture current conditions and create an overview.

Public Health Sector

Media

Broadcast Media

Advertising

Off-campus Mental health services

Social Media

Professional Associations

Mass Media

Politicians

University Students

Police Affected

Legal

Prison/ Criminal services

Advocacy & Laws

Family

Affected

NPO

Organization Professor

Student Leaders

University Counselor

Education

FRAMING INSIGHTS

Working Wall

FRAMING INSIGHTS

Interpretation of Notes I clustered the notes using the evolution of notes method instead of affinitisation method since the problem was already selected before the research. Also, by using this method, I mapped ideas based on How migh weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s?

DATA POINTS

THEMES

INSIGHTS

HOW MIGHT WEâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S?

FRAMING INSIGHTS TO OPPORTUNITIES

DATA POINTS

CLUSTERING

protective shield

Alcohol

Sexual abuse Alcohol use Academic problems

Alcohol use disorder

Chronic physical illness Physical abuse Insomnia

Sexual abuse

Psychological abuse

Substance abuse Alcohol use

Interpersonal difficulties Alcohol use

Financial problems

Alcohol use

Adverse Circumstances

Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes

Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes

IDEAS 40

JOURNEY MAP

Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes

Strong connections to loved ones,

Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes Broken homes

THEME

SELECTION

INSIGHT

HOW MIGHT WE? 41

FRAMING INSIGHTS TO OPPORTUNITIES

Journey Map Created journey map based on the themes and subject matter expert interviews.

FRAMING INSIGHTS

Empathy Map Created empathy of a university student based on secondary research and survey results.

Ideation

EXPLORATION

Concepts Genereated concepts based on How might weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and the journey map by brainstorming.

EXPLORATION

Mapping ideas Mapped the ideas generated onto 2X2 matrix by Impact and Feasibility. Then the highly impactful and easy feasibility concepts is valued based on the design criteria. High Impact

Easy to implement

Difficult to implement

Low Impact

Impactful

Difficult to implement

Easy to implement

Ineffective

Must have Concepts

Engaging, Affordability, Convenience, Easy Accessibility, Community Impact

Should hav

Diversity, Individual atte Scalability

Now matters now

Online Chatting app

Talking Booth

Open Slots

Online Screening Tool

Orientation Materials

Ready to use framework

Well-being Club

C-Team

My Research as aid

Refer Now

ention,

Nice to have Profitability, Social Appeal

Total

EXPLORATION

Final Concepts

NOW MATTERS NOW

READY TO USE FRAMEWORK

TALKING BOOTH

MY RESEARCH AS VISUAL AID

Conducted a workshop in class to gather votes for the most preferable and valuable concept. Gave me a different perspective to move ahead in the project.

Now Matters Now An education material (art installation, activities and workshops ) which is about life skills development, through which you can learn about, how to converse with our loved ones when they are going through a difficult time and support them.

University Framework A ready to use framework which consists of strategies in a comprehensive approach, a step wise guide which can be used by any university to implement effectively. For example: One issue could be tackling the unavailability of appointments on campus for counselling.

My Research as Visual Aid The entire process from conducting secondary research, mapping data points to synthesis and understanding the journey of the student could be great synopsis of the issue and the patterns that we usually miss out on.

Talking Booth Imagine if you could talk to someone without being judged about your feelings and thoughts. The medium for doing is through the talking booth, where thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a divider between two individuals who can strike a conversation without seeing the otherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s face. These booths would be around the campus which would bring in a sense of simulation and experience.

Experimentation

CONCEIVING HOLISTIC SOLUTIONS

Morphological Synthesis Prototype Combined the concepts to build a higher level system and created options within it to encourage comprehensiveness. Made segments within the solution based on user-centered categories. I gathered feedback from my professor and colleagues to refine and reflect upon it further and create the final solution.

Evolution

CONCEIVING HOLISTIC SOLUTIONS

Final Solution After gathering feedback, I looked up empathy map, how might weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s to stay intact with the actual requirement and needs.Reworked on value proposition canvas and business model to make the final changes. Below, is a sketch of the value created by the final solution and how beneficial it would be for students.

Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a transformative, innovative and cultural initiative that aims to improve the health and social well-being of university students. 73

By understanding competitors earlier the process, I mapped the stages on the journey map, to learn to what extent are the services available to caster these needs.

TOOL BUSINESS

Value Proposition Canvas

TOOL BUSINESS

Business Model Canvas

Strategy Thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a requirement for a framework that incorporates two intervention strategies to improve health and social well being of every student.

Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Talk

Seek Help

INTERVENTION STRATEGY

Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Talk It comprises of 12 modules that help in improving life skills of a student through design prompts across campus by either art installations, workshops, pop-up windows and community activities.

YOU ARE NOT ALONE

THE TALKING BOOTH

EMPATHY VS SYMPATHY

DEVELOPING EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

BROKEN HAND VS BRAIN

FEAR FIGHTER

WHO NEEDS HELP?

WE ARE A COMMUNITY

LETâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S CELEBRATE PROGRESS

CURIOSITY INTERROGATION

DO YOU KNOW?

BREAKING THE LOOP

INTERVENTION STRATEGY

You are not alone

INTERVAENTION STRATEGY

You are not alone

INTERVAENTION STRATEGY

The Talking Booth

Affected

University students

creatin value 88

Affected

University students

REDUCE STIGMA

SPARK CONVERSATIONS

COMMUNITY BUILDING

Benefits

IDENTIFY SIGNS

LIFESKILLS DEVELOPMENT

INTERVENTION STRATEGY

Seek Help Building a strategic alliance with Talkspace, to provide help and support to students who need immediate assistance by creating counseling support services in the existing university app. In addition there will be additional screening tool, which consists of a questionnaire, a student has to fill out and the results would be sent to the counselor team in the university to determine the urgency of the date and the algorithm will determine a date in the calendar. Either due to high volume or due to less intensity issue you will be redirected to Talk space to instantly talk to a therapist on the app. Since Talkspace is an existing online app, it will embedded into a university app.

INTERVENTION STRATEGY

Application Prototype

creating value

SEEK HELP IMMEDIATELY

MULTIPLE SESSIONS

UNIVERSITY APP PLUG IN

Benefits

SCREENING AS A BASISAPPOINTMENTS

AFFORDABLE SERVICE

Annotated Bibliography

Liedtka, J., Salzman, R., & Azer, D. (2017). Design thinking for the greater good: Innovation in the social sector. New York: Columbia Business School Pub. This book talks about the process of design thinking which can be applied to the normally conservative and entrenched public, social, and educational sectors to start to solve big problems. It will give me a better understanding of how design thinking could be used to create a framework for tis study.

Policy & Advocacy. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.intheforefront.org/programs/policy-advocacy/ Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a suicide prevention program. The page states the power to save lives through state policy change. It will give me an understanding about the policy & advocy involved in suicide prevention.

100

Annotated Bibliography Rylander, A. (2009, December 29). Design Thinking as Knowledge Work: Epistemological Foundations and Practical Implications. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1942-5074.2009.00003.x This article explores the various constructions of knowledge. It talks about the different approaches to problem solving based on fundamentelly different epistemologies which could be constructive for this study.

Crisis on Campus: The Untold Story of Student Suicides. (2015, April 07). Retrieved from http://www.collegedegreesearch.net/student-suicides/ Statistics of college student suicides by age, gender, causes, risk factors and attempts are all mentioned in one infographic gives me a visual insight on the matter.

Hunt, J., & Eisenberg, D. (2010). Mental Health Problems and Help-Seeking Behavior Among College Students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46(1), 3-10. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.08.008 This report reviews the research literature on college student mental health, while also drawing comparisons to the parallel literature on the broader adolescent and young adult populations which is insightful for this study.

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Annotated Bibliography (2015).Transforming Suicide Prevention Research: A National Action Plan. Volume 1 Sydney, AU: Suicide Prevention Australia This report talks about suicide prevention action plan in australia. It will help me learn about transforming suicide research into an action plan which is the gap in most organizations.

Murphy, G. (n.d.). The National Suicide Prevention Lifeline and New Technologies in Suicide Prevention. Suicide Prevention and New Technologies. doi:10.1057/9781137351692.0014 This article will help me learn about the the National Prevention Suicide Lifeline, through which Individuals across the United States who need immediate assistance are connected to the nearest available crisis centre.

Becker, M. S. (2017, June 08). Why schools need to step up suicide prevention efforts. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-chalkboard/2017/06/08/wh y-schools-need-to-step-up-suicide-prevention-efforts/ This is article talks about leveraging the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;13 Reasons Whyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; impact to engage in much needed discussion with students about suicide. It will give me a perspective on how are such TV shows perceived by students.

Hegerl, U. (2016, June). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4969705/

It talks about cause of suicidal behavior, prevention and evidence based intervention concept. The models and diagrams mentioned in the article will help me understand the causal relationships between depression and other mental disorders, psychosocial factors, and suicides.

Dedic, G. (n.d.). World Prevention Day [Editorial]. Retrieved from http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0042-8450/2016/0042-84501600216D.pdf

This editorial mentions the World Prevention Day and about statistics, etiology, suicide prevention program in Serbia. This will help me understand the program in Serbia.

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Annotated Bibliography Zhai, H., Bai, B., Chen, L., Han, D., Wang, L., Qiao, Z., . . . Yang, Y. (2015). Correlation between Family Environment and Suicidal Ideation in University Students in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(2), 1412-1424. doi:10.3390/ijerph120201412 This paper reviews the general principles of suicidal ideation and the consequences resulting from the family environment. It will give me a perspective of the correlation in China.

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