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barriers to access. 310 Appropriate resources must be allocated to HIV and AIDS programmes, 311 and monitored for effectiveness. 312 States are also urged to take action to counter stigma and discrimination related to HIV and AIDS. 313 States should ensure that people living with HIV can make informed and voluntary decisions about reproduction. 314 Treaty monitoring bodies have also advised States to address certain populations such as young women, people in rural areas, ethnic minority groups, older persons, and other groups facing vulnerabilities. 315
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HIV and AIDS-related treatment, care and support 423. What was soon to become an HIV pandemic had not fully emerged at the time of the International Conference on Population and Development in 1994. In 1993, an estimated 14 million people were living with HIV, but it was only after the Conference that the pandemic exploded. Within a decade (2003), an estimated 31.7 million people were living with HIV, with three quarters of them residing in Africa. 316 The response of Governments and aid institutions followed, but not before deaths from AIDS had reached a peak of 2.3 million per year in 2005.306 In terms of the global burden of disease, HIV rose from the thirty-third largest cause of disabilityadjusted life years lost in 1990 to the fifth largest in 2010. And while deaths due to AIDS have declined sharply, for an estimated 1.6 million people in 2012,306 AIDS remains the leading cause of death in women of reproductive age (15-49 years)
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Concluding observations of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights following the consideration by the Committee of the initial report of Honduras (E/C.12/1/Add.57, paras. 26 and 47); and the initial report of Zambia (E/C.12/1/Add.106, para. 30). Committee on the Rights of the Child, general comment No. 3 (2003) on HIV/AIDS and the rights of the child (see A/59/41, annex IX). Concluding observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child following the consideration by the Committee of the initial report of Zambia (CRC/C/15/Add.206, para. 51 (d)). Concluding observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child following the consideration by the Committee of the second periodic report of Bhutan (CRC/C/BTN/CO/2, para. 59 (d)); and the consolidated second and third periodic report of Kazakhstan (CRC/C/KAZ/CO/3, para. 54 (d)). Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, general recommendation 24 concerning article 12 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women on women and health, adopted by the Committee at its twentieth session (see A/54/38/Rev.1, part one, chap. I, sect. A). Concluding observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women following the consideration by the Committee of the combined second and third periodic report of the Republic of Moldova (CEDAW/C/MDA/CO/3, para. 31); and the initial report of Myanmar (A/55/38, chap. IV, sect. B, para. 96); concluding observations of the Human Rights Committee following the consideration by the Committee of the second periodic report of Lithuania (CCPR/CO/80/LTU, para. 12); concluding observations of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights following the consideration by the Committee of the initial report of China (including Hong Kong and Macao) (E/C.12/1/Add.107, para. 60); concluding observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women following the consideration by the Committee of the combined fifth and sixth periodic report of Zambia (CEDAW/C/ZMB/CO/5-6, para. 36 (a)); and the combined fourth to seventh report of Uganda (CEDAW/C/UGA/CO/7, para. 46). UNAIDS, AIDSInfo Online Database (www.aidsinfoonline.org/devinfo/libraries/aspx/ Home.aspx). Data downloaded 5 December 2013.
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