Treasure Auction # 3 by Daniel Frank Sedwick, LLC

DANIEL FRANK SEDWICK presents…

MAIL-BID

TREASURE AUCTION #3 closing Thursday, May 29, 2008, at 5:00 p.m. EDT

Daniel Frank Sedwick P.O. Box 1964 Winter Park, FL 32790 U.S.A. (407) 975-3325 • Fax (407) 975-3327

www.SedwickCoins.com Special email bidding address:

treasurebids@gmail.com Special thanks to the following for their assistance with this catalog: Cori Downing, Augi García, Matthew Roy and Alan Workman

TERMS AND CONDITIONS 1)

This is a traditional “mail bid” auction, meaning that all items will be sold to the highest bidder and bids will be accepted up to the closing date and time. Bids may be submitted by mail, phone, fax, email, or in person. We cannot be responsible for errors in your bidding or the loss or delay of any bids that do not reach us by the closing date and time. All bids submitted will be considered in U.S. dollars.

Bidders are advised to make full use of the MIN/MAX BID system. In case of tie MAXIMUM bids, we do NOT automatically award the lot to the earlier bidder but instead award the lot to the bidder with the higher MINIMUM bid. If there is no tie, then the high bidder will win the lot at his MINIMUM bid OR approximately 10% above the next-highest MAXIMUM bid. Any bidder who does not supply a MINIMUM bid will NOT have his winning bid reduced to 10% above the next-highest MAXIMUM bid. Please see the explanation of our MIN/MAX BID system on the back of the bid sheet.

A winning bid is considered a formal contract between the buyer and the consignor. The winning bidder, by submitting his bid, agrees to purchase the lot(s) he/she has won and further agrees to pay the Buyer’s Premium and any shipping, sales tax, customs duties, or other surcharges involved in delivering the lot(s) to the buyer. Winning bidders will be notified immediately after the sale with an invoice reflecting the total amount due and shall remit payment within 10 business days of notification. If payment has not been received after 10 days, we reserve the right to re-open the lots to second- and third- (etc.) highest bidders. Title to each lot does not pass until the item has been paid for in full.

Unless other arrangements are made, all lots will be sent to winning bidders via U.S. Mail when the invoice has been paid in full. All domestic shipments will carry full insurance, but foreign shipments are made at the buyer’s risk (insurance available in some cases).

A Buyer’s Premium of 20% will be added to the winning bid for the total purchase price before any applicable tax or surcharges. Winning bidders who pay by cash, check, money order, wire transfer or direct deposit are eligible for a reduction of the Buyer’s Premium by 5%. Winning bidders who pay by credit card (not through PayPal) are eligible for a reduction of the Buyer’s Premium by 2%.

Acceptable forms of payment are cash, check, money order, wire transfer, direct deposit, PayPal, Visa/MC, American Express and Discover. All payments by check or money order should be made payable to Daniel Frank Sedwick. Payments by direct deposit or wire transfer should be made to the Daniel Frank Sedwick Auction Escrow Account, Bank of America account #008981014683, ABA #026009593, SWIFT code BOFAUS6S. Payments by PayPal should be made to aworkman@tampabay.rr.com. All payments shall be in U.S. dollars drawn on a U.S. bank.

New bidders who do not have established credit with us must supply references and/or a 25% deposit. Credit cards are acceptable in lieu of a deposit. If your bids are unsuccessful, your deposit will be refunded, but if you are a winning bidder, your deposit will be applied to your purchase.

You may opt for “either/or” bids and/or total budgets on your bid sheet. “Either/or” bids are used when you want just one (or whatever number you specify) of two or more lots but it does not matter which of those lots you get. Total budgets are used when you are bidding on more lots than you expect to win and do not wish to spend more than a specified amount. Mail-bid sales are uniquely flexible for these situations.

Most lots are unreserved, but some lots do have a reserve or minimum bid assigned by the consignor. Any reserve will be at or below the stated low estimate. All estimates are given in U.S. dollars.

10)

Even when there is not a reserve, bidders are advised that Daniel Frank Sedwick is an active dealer in this material and will buy any and all items at a wholesale level; therefore any bids below reasonable wholesale will not be considered. Furthermore we reserve the right to reject any bids that we have reason to believe are not submitted in good faith.

11)

All items are guaranteed genuine and as described. Returns will NOT be accepted UNLESS there was an error in the listing. (Note that grading and estimation of corrosion are subjective and differences of opinion thereof cannot be considered errors.) Any returns must be agreed upon BEFORE shipment back to us, and any applicable refunds will be made immediately upon receipt of the returned item(s). All returns must be submitted back to us in unaltered condition no later than 30 days after the sale, as that is generally when consignors are paid. Any refunds for returns paid for by credit card or PayPal will be subject to a 3% (credit card) or 5% (PayPal) return fee.

12)

Lots may be inspected at our private office in Winter Park by appointment only during our office hours of Monday through Friday, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. High-quality photos of all items are viewable on our website 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

13)

Florida sales tax (6% to 7.5%, depending on your county) will be added to all purchases of items that are NOT coins or bullion. Coins and bullion are also taxed if the total coin and/or bullion purchase is less than $500.

14)

The winning bidder pays for all costs of shipping or delivery of his/her lots. In some cases special delivery must be arranged between the consignor and the winning bidder. There are no surcharges for packing or handling in this sale.

15)

This auction is conducted in accordance with the auction laws of the State of Florida. The licensed auctioneer is Daniel Frank Sedwick, AU#3635, AB#2592.

ORDER OF SALE closing Thursday, May 29, 2008, at 5:00 p.m. EDT Section Lots Pages Biography ............................................................................................................................ 6 Shipwreck histories............................................................................................................. 7 Gold cobs ..................................................................................................... 1-37 ............... 28-33 Other gold coins .......................................................................................... 38-50 ............. 33-35 Shipwreck ingots ......................................................................................... 51-92 ............. 36-52 Shipwreck silver coins ................................................................................ 93-389 ........... 53-96 Medals pertaining to ships and shipwrecks ............................................. 390-391 ......... 96-97 Silver cobs .................................................................................................... 392-697 ......... 97-136 Other silver coins ........................................................................................ 698-900 ......... 136-167 Artifacts ....................................................................................................... 901-1134 ....... 167-222 Media ........................................................................................................... 1135-1168 ..... 223-226

REFERENCES CITED Where possible, in the description for each lot we supply one or more numbers in reference to acknowledged publications in the field. References used in this catalog include the following: Cay = Cayón’s Las monedas españolas del tremis al euro del 411 a nuestros días (2005). CT = Calicó-Trigo’s Numismática española, 9th edition (1998). Fr = Friedberg’s Gold Coins of the World, 7th edition (2003). KM = Krause-Mishler’s Standard Catalog of World Coins, various editions, including Spain, Portugal and the New World. RL = Restrepo’s and Lasser’s books on Colombian cobs, including Macuquinas de Colombia (1998), The Cob Coinage of Colombia (2000), and Monedas de Colombia (2006). S = Sedwick’s The Practical Book of Cobs, 4th edition (2007). Sp = Spink’s (formerly Seaby’s) Coins of England and the United Kingdom, 41st edition (2006).

COIN GRADING and DESCRIPTIVE TERMS From best to worst, UNC is Uncirculated, AU is Almost Uncirculated, XF is Extra Fine, VF is Very Fine, F is Fine, VG is Very Good, and G is Good, with Fair and Poor below that. (“About” or “A” means the coin is just shy of the indicated grade. “Mint State” refers to lustrous, choice UNC coins.) We do not always assign numismatic grades to sea-salvage and land-burial coins, which were usually Uncirculated (or close to it) before the effects of corrosion and/or cleaning. Corrosion is usually assessed, from least to most, as follows: none, minimal, light, moderate, and heavy. Also note that we sometimes use the abbreviations E for escudos and R for reales in the listings for Spanish and Spanish colonial items. A NOTE ABOUT PHOTOS Coin photos in this catalog are generally shown at actual size, with the exception of large lots, which are typically reduced, as are most artifacts and media.

NOTE: BID SHEET ATTACHED AT END OF CATALOG! 4

DANIEL FRANK SEDWICK presents… TREASURE AUCTION #3 A Mail-Bid Sale, closing May 29, 2008 This, our third and by far the largest Treasure Auction to date, is truly a treasure in itself. Rarely has such a varied and significant selection of treasures come together in one sale! Here are some highlights: Among the hottest items on the numismatic market today are gold cobs, particularly from the Spanish 1715 Fleet off the east coast of Florida, and this sale features dozens of them, all carefully selected for quality and eye-appeal. Next we feature some small gold ingots and nuggets from the Espadarte wreck of 1558 off Mozambique. We offered the first part of this unique collection of gold pieces in our Treasure Auction #1 a year ago, and they were well received. This time we are certain of the shipwreck name, which should boost their interest even further. Another early important shipwreck find in this auction is the Michael Goldston collection of silver “tumbaga” ingots from a still-unidentified wreck of ca. 1528 off the Bahamas. Mike realized the significance of these bars when they were first offered in the 1990s and bought up a sizable number of them with an eye toward investment. That turned out to be a good move, as today the bars sell for much more, and not just because of the rise of the melt value of silver. The bars should increase further in value when a much-anticipated book (which will feature several of the ingots offered in this auction) by researcher Agustín García-Barneche about the “tumbaga” finds hits the shelves. In the shipwreck coins section of this auction you will find two large offerings: a second installment of silver cobs from the Consolación, sunk off Ecuador in 1681 (the first offering was in our Treasure Auction #2); and the firstever auction of silver coins from the “Coconut wreck” of ca. 1810 sunk in deep water off Bermuda. The rest of the coin offerings include a substantial collection of Spanish colonial 8 reales of all different types and most of the mints, including some scarce Mexican War for Independence issues. Augmenting this collection are several consignments of silver cobs from the various colonial mints. As usual, the most impressive treasures in this auction are in the artifacts section, where you will see an original mariner’s astrolabe from a Florida wreck (ca. 1580), many small artifacts from the Arqueonautas finds off Africa, and some beautiful Chinese porcelains from wrecks off the Philippines (the Ying Lung collection). As always, we hope you enjoy this catalog and find some treasure for your own collection. Happy hunting!

Daniel Frank Sedwick

BIOGRAPHY The Michael Goldston Collection of Silver “Tumbaga” Bars (ca. 1528) In 1996 he became fascinated with the silver “tumbaga” bars discovered in 1992 and marketed by Dan Sedwick. Immediately recognizing both the historical significance of the bars and their investment merits, Michael bought over 10% of the whole find, more than 20 bars, diversifying the purchases between the four assayers of the bars. He has enjoyed being the custodian for the bars the past 11 years after they spent over 450 years on the ocean floor.

Michael Goldston has been an avid investor his whole life, starting at age eight in 1962 when he began collecting coins. His parents assisted his pursuit by getting bags of coins at different banks for him to search through. In the late 1960’s he converted everything he owned into gold and silver and was able to pay the majority of his way through college in the early 1970’s with the profits. A graduate of Vanderbilt University with double majors in economics and business administration, Michael knew what he would do after college. After eight years working as an investment adviser in Nashville at regional and national investment firms, he started his own firm in 1987. Cambridge Way, Inc., a fullservice investment firm, recently celebrated its 20th anniversary. Cambridge Equity Advisors, Inc., an investment management firm, followed in 1989. Along the way, Goldston received numerous awards, including INC.500 in 1994 and two awards in 2000 and 2002 from Medical Economics as one of “The Top 150 Best Financial Advisers for Doctors,” in addition to various articles written by him or about him in dozens of major financial publications.

Goldston raises alpacas on the side (“The World’s Greatest Livestock Investment”), and with his wife Charlotte, owns High Meadow Alpacas, LLC, the largest alpaca farm in the South. Michael also serves on several regional and national alpaca industry committees. In his spare time, he and his wife also developed one of the most expensive subdivisions in Nashville. When not working, Michael is an avid weight lifter, a competitive tennis player, and he enjoys reading, learning, traveling and searching for his next investment idea!

A lifelong coin collector, Goldston built and sold several top collections over the years, including an extensive collection of more than 100 Liberty Seated Half Dollars, all in mint state; an almost complete collection of high-end Liberty Head “V” nickels in MS-66 or better; one of the largest collections of English milled five guinea gold pieces; hammered English medieval gold coins; and, most recently, rare English coins, his current passion. 6

SHIPWRECK HISTORIES Throughout this catalog we offer coins and artifacts from dozens of different shipwrecks—”treasure” in the truest sense! While we did not want to break up the flow of the catalog in the listings, we do want to offer a bit of history behind each wreck concerned, so we present the histories on the next several pages in chronological order. Please feel free to contact us for more information about any of these wrecks or about shipwrecks or treasure in general. Unidentified wrecks off the Philippines (“Ying Lung collection” of Chinese porcelains) This auction features the “Ying Lung Collection” of Chinese porcelains from shipwrecks off the Philippines. The recoveries were all from unidentified shipwrecks (which is typical for Chinese porcelain wrecks, of which there are many in Philippine waters) that were excavated without any government supervision. All we know are the general areas where the recoveries were made, and an approximate time period (as early as the 11th century and as late as the 17th century) based on the salvaged material itself. The recovery areas were off three small islands: Balabac Island (south of Palawan Island in the southwest part of the Philippines, just north of Borneo); Coron Island (north of Palawan Island); and Luuk Island (in the Sulu archipelago in the southernmost part of the Philippines). The “Ying Lung collection” (Ying Lung being a mythical dragon who guards the treasures of the oceans) was carefully assembled by an anonymous salvage consultant for the Philippine National Museum between 1996 and 2003. The consignment in this sale is the first of what we hope to be several large offerings of some of the best shipwreck porcelains available. Flor do Mar, sunk in 1511 off Sumatra, Indonesia In 1511 the Portuguese Viceroy Afonso de Albuquerque was sent to the strategic town of Malacca (in modern-day Malaysia) to claim it for Portugal, which he did; but on the return voyage to India, his ship Flor do Mar was wrecked in a storm, sending spoils from the victory (including a reported 60 tons of gold) to the seabed. Modern searches for the wreck (which sank to a depth of over 100 feet) have been unsuccessful, although Robert Marx claimed to have found some jade artifacts from it, including the lot in this sale. “Tumbaga wreck,” sunk ca. 1528 off Grand Bahama Island Before there were coins, before there were Spanish Treasure Fleets, and even before there were any kind of colonies on the Spanish Main, the conquistador Hernán Cortés and his men discovered treasure in the form of Native-American gold and silver artifacts. While it is a shame these artifacts no longer exist, at least their one-time presence is confirmed by what have become known as “tumbaga” bars: a group of more than 200 silver and gold ingots discovered in the remains of an unidentified ca.-1528 shipwreck off Grand Bahama Island. The artifacts that comprised these bars were apparently lumped together in two piles—one for gold-colored artifacts and the other for silver-colored artifacts—with great amounts of impurities (predominantly copper) in each pile. The piles were then melted as much as possible (not thoroughly) and poured into crude molds that in some cases were no more than depressions in the sand. The resulting ingots, called “tumbaga” bars, were then stamped with four types of markings:

1. Assayer, most in the form of BV with “~” over the B and “o” over the V, but others include MS and INo /DeCBA, whose names are still unknown (also note that some bars that do not bear any of these assayer markings may have assayer-marks incorporated into their fineness or serial marks). 2. Fineness, marked in Roman numerals (but in various forms) as a percentage of 2400. 3. Serial number, usually in the form of the letter R followed by Roman numerals (some possibly incorporated into the fineness markings, as for assayers above). 4. Tax stamp, part of a circular seal whose legend (pieced together) reads CAROLVS QVINTVS IMPERATOR for Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire. Each bar is described in detail in the 1993 book Tumbaga Silver for Emperor Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire, by Douglas Armstrong, a professional conservator hired by the salvage company to clean and preserve all the silver “tumbaga” bars. A new publication by Agustín García-Barneche should soon shed more light on the history and manufacture of these ingots.

“Golden Fleece wreck,” sunk ca. 1550 in the northern Caribbean This wreck was nicknamed for a royal stamping (“Golden Fleece”) on several of the gold “finger” bars (ingots) it yielded. Except for a handful of extremely rare Santo Domingo pieces, all the coins from this wreck were Mexican CarlosJuana silver coins (all assayers prior to S), including several rarities, the most important being three specimens of the Rincón “Early Series” 8 reales of 1538, the very first 8 reales ever struck in the New World (the best of which achieved a record in 2006 for the highest amount ever paid at auction for a Spanish colonial coin: $373,750!). To date the finders of the wreck have not identified the wreck or disclosed its exact location, but they have gone on record stating it was in international waters in the northern Caribbean. Though it was a relatively small find (a few thousand coins at most), it has been the primary source for Mexican Carlos-Juana coins on the market since the mid-1990s. Perhaps more impressive than the coins from this wreck are the few dozen gold and silver ingots it has yielded, all of which have entered the market exclusively through Daniel Frank Sedwick. The varying purities of these bars are reminiscent of the “tumbaga” bars (see above), although the later gold ingots seem to have been cast in somewhat standard shapes (“fingers”) and sizes. The silver ingots from this wreck, popularly known as “splashes,” were simply poured onto the ground, leaving a round, flat mound of silver that was subsequently stamped with a tax stamp (in the form of a crowned C for King Charles I) and/or a fineness in the usual block Roman numerals in parts per 2400, much like the karat system we use today. The gold ingots also show a fineness marking (but no tax stamps or other markings) in parts per 24, with a dot being a quarter karat. Silver or gold, many of the ingots from this wreck were cut into two or more parts, presumably to divide into separate accounts. We believe these “Golden Fleece wreck” ingots are the only known examples made in the colonies between the “tumbaga” period of the 1520s and the specimens found on the 1554 Fleet at Padre Island, Texas (note: the few gold bars recovered from the Texas wrecks were marked with the same punches as some of the gold bars from this slightly later wreck). Espadarte, sunk in 1558 off Mozambique (See the Arqueonautas section following this.) “Cidade Velha wrecks,” sunk in the 1500s off the Cape Verde Islands, west of Africa (See the Arqueonautas section following this.) “Rill Cove wreck,” sunk ca. 1618 off Cornwall, England The name and nationality of the ship are unknown and even the date of sinking is not certain—all we know is that records of its local salvage began in 1618. After re-discovery of the wreck by Ken Simpson and Mike Hall in 1975, eventually some 3,000 coins were recovered and sold, all silver cobs, mostly Mexican, but also from Potosí and Spain. Most of the coins are thin from corrosion but with dark toning on fields to enhance details. Atocha, sunk in 1622 west of Key West, Florida Arguably the most famous of all Spanish galleons salvaged in our time, the Atocha was the almiranta (the Admiral’s ship, effectively the rear guard of any Spanish convoy) of the 1622 Fleet, which left Havana several weeks late and ran afoul of a hurricane. Eight of the 28-ship fleet were lost, wrecked on the reefs between the Dry Tortugas and the Florida Keys or sunk in deeper water. Five people survived the sinking of the Atocha and were rescued by another vessel, but the wreck itself was scattered after another hurricane hit the site exactly one month later. The Spanish were never able to salvage what was one of the richest galleons ever to sail. The cargo of the Atocha did not see light again until 1971, when the first coins were found by the now-famous salvager Mel Fisher and his divers, who recovered the bulk of the treasure in 1985 and thereby unleashed the largest supply of silver cobs and ingots the market has ever seen. Well over 100,000 shield-type cobs were found in all denominations above the half real, the great majority of them from Potosí, as were also the approximately 1,000 silver ingots (most the size of bread loaves). A handful of gold cobs (1 and 2 escudos only) were also recovered, mostly from mainland Spanish mints, but also a few from Colombia—officially the first gold coins ever struck in the New World. The Atocha was also the source for most (if not all) of the first silver cobs struck in Colombia, as well as a few early coins from Mexico, Lima, Spain and even Panama. Even more significant were the many gold ingots, jewelry items, emeralds and other artifacts. Because of Mel Fisher’s huge publicity and because much of the treasure was distributed to investors at high ratios compared to their investment amounts, the coins from the Atocha have always sold for much more—anywhere from 2 times to 10 times—than their non-salvage counterparts, even in the numismatic market. (The “glamour market” in tourist areas, by contrast, elevates these coins to as much as twenty times their base numismatic value!) Individually numbered certificates with photos of each coin are critical to the retention of an Atocha coin’s enhanced value. Accompanying barcode-tags with

the coins also make it possible to replace lost certificates through a database system at the Fisher operation in Key West. Each certificate (with some exceptions) also specifies the coin’s Grade, from 1 (highest) to 4 (lowest), a highly subjective evaluation of corrosive damage and overall quality. Most Atocha silver coins are also recognizable by their shiny brightness, the result of a somewhat controversial cleaning and polishing process catering more to jewelry demand than to serious numismatists. Santa Margarita, sunk in 1622 west of Key West, Florida From the same hurricane-stricken 1622 Fleet as the Atocha (above), the Santa Margarita sank on a reef within sight of the Atocha and was found in 1626 by Spanish salvagers, who recovered only roughly half its treasure. The other half was found by Mel Fisher and company in 1980. Margarita’s treasures were similar to those found on the Atocha, yet with fewer coins in comparatively worse condition overall (yet not as harshly cleaned). As with Atocha coins, original Fisher certificates are critical to the premium value for these coins, which is on par with Atocha coins. “Dry Tortugas wreck,” sunk ca. 1622 off the Dry Tortugas, west of Key West, Florida Presumably a sister-ship to the Atocha and Santa Margarita of the 1622 Fleet (above), discovered in 1989 and reworked in 1991 by Seahawk Deep Ocean Technology, among whose finds were numerous gold bars (but no silver bars) and about 1,200 heavily eroded silver cobs (similar in composition to the Atocha finds), all picked from the ocean floor by a robot. Cannons and other artifacts expected on a typical galleon, however, were suspiciously absent. The bulk of the treasure was eventually sold to a store/museum in Key West that later went bankrupt. Years later, by order of a bankruptcy court, it all turned up at auction, where nearly all of the treasure was re-purchased by some of the former principals of Seahawk for a new museum. “Lucayan Beach wreck,” sunk ca. 1628 off Grand Bahama Island Since the accidental discovery in 1964 of around 10,000 silver cobs (dated up to and including 1628) in 10 feet of water just 1,300 yards from the Lucayan Beach Hotel, the mystery of identifying the lost vessel has never been solved. Because of the date, popular opinion associates the wreck with the taking of the Spanish 1628 Fleet in Matanzas Bay, Cuba, by the Dutch pirate and national hero Piet Heyn, who reported losing two of the vessels on the way back to Europe. Three names proposed for the ship(s) by various sellers over the years were the Van Lynden, the Santa Gertrude (or Gertrudis) and the Romario, with scant evidence to support any of the attributions. Spanish archival research uncovered a new name— Nuestra Señora de los Remedios, sunk in that general area in 1624, but a quick check of auction catalogs confirms that some of the recovered coins were clearly dated later than that. A more recent (1990s) recovery off the Lucayan Beach turned up similar material—but no further clues as to the ship’s (or ships’) identity. Practically all of the coins have been Mexican 8 and 4 reales of the assayer-D period, some in quite nice condition and a few with clear dates, which of course are rare. Expect to pay a modest premium for specimens in white clamshell boxes produced by Spink & Son (London) in the 1960s for a promotion that capped off years of disagreements between the salvagers, their backers and the Bahamian government. Concepción, sunk in 1641 off the northeast coast of Hispaniola The Concepción was one of the most significant Spanish wrecks of all time, serving the Spanish with a loss of over 100 tons of silver and gold treasure. The almiranta of a 21-ship fleet, the Concepción was already in poor repair when the Europe-bound fleet encountered a storm in September, leaving her disabled and navigating under makeshift sails amid disagreement among its pilots about their location. Weeks later, she grounded on a reef in an area now named the Silver Shoals, just east of another shoal known as the Abrojos, which the pilots were trying to avoid. After another storm hit the wrecked ship and the admiral and officers left in the ship’s only longboat, the remaining crew resorted to building rafts from the ship’s timbers. Survivors’ accounts pointed to drowning, starvation and even sharks for the approximately 300 casualties. In the fallout that ensued, none of the survivors could report the wreck’s location with accuracy, so it sat undisturbed until New England’s William Phipps found it in 1687 and brought home tons of silver and some gold, to the delight of his English backers. The Concepción was found again in 1978 by Burt Webber, Jr., whose divers recovered some 60,000 silver cobs, mostly Mexican 8 and 4 reales, but also some Potosí and rare Colombian cobs (including more from the Cartagena mint than had been found on any other shipwreck). Unlike the Maravillas of just 15 years later, the Concepción did not yield any gold cobs in our time, and any significant artifacts found were retained by the government of the Dominican Republic, who oversaw the salvage. The bulk of the silver cobs found on the Concepción were heavily promoted, even in department stores! The site is still worked from time to time with limited success.

“São Francisco wreck,” sunk ca. 1650 off the Cape Verde Islands, west of Africa The identity of this wreck is unknown, its nickname simply corresponding to the nearest land-area to the wreck (São Francisco) on the island of Santiago. The salvage firm Arqueonautas worked the wrecksite in the mid- to late 1990s but was not able to identify the vessel any further than a “Spanish ship with a Portuguese Captain with money to buy slaves.” The first finds from the “San Francisco wreck,” including an extremely rare silver-plated astrolabe dated 1645, were sold by Sotheby’s (London) in December 2000, buried in a clocks and watches auction that got little publicity in the shipwreckcollecting field. The relatively few coins from this wreck, all silver cobs from Mexico and Potosí in the mid- to late 1640s, are generally rare and appear to date just before the massive recall and melting in 1649 at Potosí that so significantly altered worldwide usage of Spanish colonial cobs. (Also see the Arqueonautas section following this.) Capitana (Jesús María de la Limpia Concepción), sunk in 1654 off Chanduy, Ecuador This wreck was the largest loss ever experienced by the Spanish South Seas (Pacific) Fleet, of which the Jesus María de la Limpia Concepción was the capitana (“captain’s ship” or lead vessel) in 1654. Official records reported the loss of 3 million pesos of silver (2,212 ingots, 216 chests of coins, and 22 boxes of wrought silver), augmented to a total of as much as 10 million pesos when contraband and private consignments were taken into account. By comparison, the entire annual silver production in Peru at that time was only about 6-7 million pesos! Obviously overloaded, technically the Capitana sank due to pilot error, which drove the ship onto the reefs south of the peninsula known as Punta Santa Elena, a geographic feature the pilot thought he had cleared. Twenty people died in the disaster. For eight years afterward, Spanish salvagers officially recovered over 3 million pesos of coins and bullion (with probably much more recovered off the record), leaving only an unreachable lower section for divers to find in our time. Ironically, the main salvager of the Capitana in the 1650s and early 1660s was none other than the ship’s silvermaster, Bernardo de Campos, whose fault it was that the ship was overloaded with contraband in the first place! The wreck was rediscovered in the mid-1990s and salvaged (completely, according to some) in 1997. After a 50-50 split with the Ecuadorian government in 1998, investors placed most of their half of the more than 5,000 coins recovered up for sale at auction in 1999. Almost exclusively Potosí 8 and 4 reales, the coins were a healthy mix of countermarked issues of 1649-1652, transitional issues of 1652, and post-transitional pillars-and-waves cobs of 1653-1654, many in excellent condition and expertly conserved. As an interesting footnote, the very coins salvaged from the Capitana by the Spanish in 1654 were lost again on the Maravillas wreck of 1656 (see next), and some of those coins salvaged from the Maravillas were lost again in the wreck of the salvage vessel Madama do Brasil off Gorda Cay (Bahamas) in 1657. Furthering Spain’s woes was the destruction of another treasure fleet in 1657 by English marauders (fresh from a victory in the Bay of Cádiz) off Santa Cruz on the island of Tenerife in the Canary Islands. Maravillas, sunk in 1656 off Grand Bahama Island As the almiranta (“admiral’s ship,” or rear guard) of the homebound Spanish fleet in January of 1656, the Nuestra Señora de las Maravillas was officially filled with over five million pesos of treasure (and probably much more in contraband, as was usually the case). That treasure included much of the silver salvaged from the South Seas Fleet’s Capitana of 1654 that wrecked on Chanduy Reef off Ecuador (see above). The ill-fated treasure sank once again when the Maravillas unexpectedly ran into shallow water and was subsequently rammed by one of the other ships of its fleet, forcing the captain to try to ground the Maravillas on a nearby reef on Little Bahama Bank off Grand Bahama Island. In the ensuing chaos, exacerbated by strong winds, most of the 650 people on board died in the night, and the wreckage scattered. Spanish salvagers soon recovered almost half a million pesos of treasure, followed by more recoveries over the next several decades, yet with over half of the official cargo still unfound. The first re-discovery of the Maravillas in the 20th century was by Robert Marx and his company Seafinders in 1972, whose finds were featured in an auction by Schulman in New York in 1974. Included among the coins in this sale were some previously unknown Cartagena silver cobs of 1655 and countermarked Potosí coinage of 1649-1651 and 1652 transitionals, in addition to many Mexican silver cobs and a few Bogotá cob 2 escudos. The second big salvage effort on the Maravillas was by Herbert Humphreys and his company Marex in the late 1980s and early 1990s, resulting in two big sales by Christie’s (London) in 1992 and 1993, featuring many Bogotá cob 2 escudos, in addition to more Mexico and Potosí silver cobs and several important artifacts. The most recent sale of Maravillas finds, presumably from one of the many salvage efforts from the 1970s and 1980s, took place in California in 2005, again with a good quantity of Bogotá cob 2 escudos. The wreck area is still being searched today, but officially the Bahamian government has not granted any leases on the site since the early 1990s. It is possible the bulk of the treasure is still to be found!

Vergulde Draeck (“Gilt Dragon”), sunk in 1656 off Western Australia Much has been written about the loss and salvage of this Dutch East India Company trading vessel (known as an East Indiaman), which some consider to be Australia’s counterpart to Florida’s 1715 Fleet in terms of availability of reasonably priced cobs for collectors. In contrast to the Spanish treasure wrecks, however, the Vergulde Draeck carried only a modest amount of just silver cobs (eight chests totaling 45,950 coins), mostly Mexican but also some cobs from Potosí and Spain as well as some Colombian rarities. The ship was on its way from the Netherlands to Batavia (modern-day Jakarta, Indonesia) when suddenly it found itself wrecked on a reef some three miles from land in the early morning hours of April 28, 1656. Only 75 of the 193 people on board were able to reach the shore, and seven of them soon left in the ship’s pinnace to seek help in Batavia. When authorities there learned of the wreck, several attempts were made to rescue the other survivors and, more important, the eight chests of treasure, but no sign of the wreck or survivors was ever found. The wreck remained undiscovered until 1963 when spear-fishermen stumbled upon it and began to recover coins and artifacts. Salvage efforts to date, mostly under the supervision of the Western Australian Museum, whose certificates often accompany the coins (and carry a small premium), have yielded only about half of the total coins officially recorded to be on board this ship. Sacramento, sunk in 1668 off Brazil The lead vessel of a 50-ship annual convoy between Lisbon, Portugal, and Bahia, Brazil, the Sacramento hit a sandbar at night and sank in a squall on May 5, 1668, sending some 400 people to their grave. Official Brazilian government salvage on the wreck took place beginning in 1976, at some point involving the famed salvager Robert Marx. Very little information can be found about the wreck and its salvage, and similarly sparse material from it has come to market. What little has reached collectors (all silver coins) has been almost exclusively Portuguese coins with Brazilian countermarks from 1663, but a few Spanish colonial cobs (also countermarked) have surfaced as well. Nuestra Señora Santa María de Quintanpalla, sunk ca. 1680 in Seville Harbor, Spain We still do not have any evidence for or information about this shipwreck, but the consignor is honorable and swears this is a legitimate wreck. From evidence at the wrecksite, it is believed the ship was a medium-sized galleon of approximately 600 tons, 50 meters in length, with more than 250 men, 68 cannons and a cargo of mostly textiles and other goods, sunk sometime in the period of 1678 to 1680. The wrecksite lies beneath about 1000 feet of water. Consolación (“Isla de Muerto shipwreck”), sunk in 1681 off Santa Clara Island, Ecuador When salvage first began on this wreck in 1997, it was initially believed to be the Santa Cruz and later called El Salvador y San José, sunk in August of 1680; but research by Robert Marx after the main find in subsequent years confirmed its proper name and illuminated its fascinating history. Intended to be part of the Spanish “South Seas Fleet” of 1681, which left Lima’s port of Callao in April, the Consolación apparently was delayed and ended up traveling alone. At the Gulf of Guayaquil, off modern-day Ecuador, the Consolación encountered English pirates, led by Bartholomew Sharpe, who forced the Spanish galleon to sink on a reef off Santa Clara Island (later nicknamed “Isla de Muerto,” or Dead Man’s Island). Before the pirates could get to the ship, the crew set fire to her and tried to escape to the nearby island without success. Angered by their inability to seize the valuable cargo of the Consolación, Sharpe’s men killed the Spaniards and tried in vain to recover the treasure through the efforts of local fishermen. Spanish attempts after that were also fruitless, so the treasure of the Consolación sat undisturbed until our time. When vast amounts of silver coins were found in the area starting in the 1990s, eventually under agreement between local entrepreneurs Roberto Aguirre and Carlos Saavedra (“ROBCAR”) and the government of Ecuador in 1997, the exact name and history of the wreck were unknown, and about 8,000 of the coins (all Potosí silver cobs) were subsequently sold at auction by Spink New York in December 2001 as simply “Treasures from the ‘Isla de Muerto.’” Most of the coins offered were of low quality and poorly preserved but came with individually numbered photo-certificates. Later, after the provenance had been properly researched, and using better conservation methods, a Florida syndicate arranged to have ongoing finds from this wreck permanently encapsulated in hard-plastic holders by the authentication and grading firm ANACS, with the wreck provenance clearly stated inside the “slab”; more recent offerings have bypassed this encapsulation. Ongoing salvage efforts have good reason to be hopeful, as the manifest of the Consolación stated the value of her registered cargo as 146,000 pesos in silver coins in addition to silver and gold ingots, plus an even higher sum in contraband, according to custom.

“Porto Bello wreck,” sunk in 1681 off Porto Bello, Panama According to Robert Marx, a storm in 1681 sank three ships of the Spanish Caribbean Fleet: Chaperón (sunk in the mouth of the Chagres River), Boticaria (sunk off Isla de Naranjas), and an unidentified galleon (sunk off Punta de Brujas). Other reference articles, probably in error, give the date of the disaster as 1682. Despite these attributions, there is still some confusion about which wrecksite belongs to which ship of the Fleet, and as a result, the sources of finds from these wrecks tend to be referred to by location (like “Porto Bello wreck”) or simply as “1681 Fleet.” Joanna, sunk in 1682 off South Africa An English East Indiaman on her way to Surat on the west coast of India, the Joanna separated from her convoy and sank in rough seas on a reef off the southernmost tip of South Africa on June 8, 1682, sending 10 people to their death. Eventually, 104 survivors reached the Dutch colony of Cape Town, from which a salvage party was soon dispatched. The Joanna’s cargo consisted of 70 chests of silver coins, of which the salvage party reported having recovered only about 28,000 guilders’ worth. In 1982 the wreck was re-discovered by a group of South African divers led by Gavin Clackworthy, who brought up silver ingots (discs) and more than 23,000 silver cobs, most of them Mexican 4 and 8 reales of Charles II in generally low grade, but a few showing bold, formerly very rare dates 1679-1681. Over the past two decades, these cobs have entered the market from both private dealers and auctions, but always in relatively small quantities at a time. Almost all the coins are in very worn condition, usually thin and nearly featureless, but without the heavy encrustation and pitting that characterize Caribbean finds. Merestein, sunk in 1702 off South Africa This Dutch East Indiaman was outbound when she tried to put into Saldanha Bay to alleviate rampant scurvy on board the ship. On April 3, 1702, she hit reefs on the southwest point of Jutten Island and within hours was smashed to pieces. Only 99 of the 200 people aboard the Merestein survived. On board the Merestein were several chests of silver coins for trade in the East Indies, for which immediate salvage plans were undertaken. But Jutten Island is no easy dive, and all attempts were abandoned until modern times. The wreck was re-found and salvaged in the early 1970s, yielding almost exclusively Dutch silver ducatoons from the 1600s. The number of coins found in the 1970s was around 15,000 and is believed to be nowhere near all of the treasure that was lost. 1715 Fleet, east coast of Florida The Spanish 1715-Fleet disaster was probably the greatest to befall any of the Spanish treasure fleets in terms of casualties and money, with reports of a loss of 14 million pesos (plus an equal or greater amount in contraband) and as many as 1,000 or more lives. The modern salvage of this fleet, begun in the early 1960s and ongoing today, has been the largest single source of gold cobs ever in the numismatic market, turning former rarities and unknown issues into collectible and popular (albeit still expensive) commodities. In typical fashion, the 1715 Fleet was a case of overloaded Spanish galleons foundering in a hurricane after delayed departure, but on a larger scale than anything before. The principal elements of the fleet, known as the Nueva España (New Spain, i.e., Mexico) Fleet, had gone to Veracruz in Mexico to deliver mercury (an essential substance in the refining of silver cobs), sell merchandise, and pick up quantities of Mexican-minted bars and cobs. An unfortunate series of complications kept the fleet in Veracruz for two whole years before it could rendezvous in Havana with the vessels of the Tierra Firme (Mainland) Fleet, bearing the Peruvian and Colombian treasure brought from Panama and Cartagena. After still more delays in Havana, what was ultimately a 12- or 13-ship convoy (depending on which account you prefer) did not manage to depart for Spain until July 24, 1715, well into hurricane season. The trip back to Spain was to be routine: up the coast of Florida on the Gulf Stream, which gradually turns outward into and across the Atlantic at about the location where the fleet was lost. On the 30th of July, the fleet encountered a hurricane, driving the ships shoreward. Some of the ships sank in deep water, some broke up in shallower water, and others ran aground close to the beach, while a lone vessel, the tag-along French ship Grifón, sailed onward without incident. Hundreds of the crew and passengers lost their lives while other hundreds of survivors improvised a camp on shore to await aid from the Spanish fort at St. Augustine, to which a party was sent. Ultimately news of the disaster reached Havana, from whence salvage ships were dispatched to the scene. The Spaniards undertook salvage operations for several years, with the help of Indians, and recovered nearly half of the vast treasure (at least the registered part), from the holds of ships whose remains rested in water sufficiently shallow for breath-holding divers. Gradually the salvagers enlarged their encampment and built a storehouse on the spit of dune land just behind the beach that bordered a jungle. In 1716, a flotilla of British freebooters under Henry Jennings appeared on the

scene, raided the storehouse, and carried off some 350,000 pesos of the treasure to Jamaica. The Spaniards, however, resumed operations until they could salvage no more and quit in 1719. The rest of the treasure remained on the ocean floor until our time. Modern salvage on the 1715 Fleet began in the late 1950s, when local resident Kip Wagner found a piece of eight on the beach after a hurricane and decided to pursue the source. With the help of a 1774 chart and an army-surplus metal detector, he located the original Spanish salvage camp and unearthed coins and artifacts. Then using a rented airplane to spot the underwater wrecksite from the air and check the location again by boat, Kip found the source of the coins and soon formed a team of divers and associates backed by a salvage permit from the State of Florida. All of this took place over a period of years before it evolved into the Real Eight Company, the origin of whose name is obvious. To salvage the wreck, the Real Eight divers originally used a dredge and suction ap-paratus; only later did they adopt the use of a propwash-blower (known as a “mailbox”) developed by their subcontractor Mel Fisher. Eventually they found gold jewels, Chinese porcelain, silverware, gold and silver ingots, and as many as 10,000 gold cobs of the Mexico, Peru and Colombia mints; and, mostly in encrusted clusters, well over 100,000 silver cobs of all denominations. The salvaged coins were all cobs, both gold (Mexico, Bogotá, Lima, and Cuzco) and silver (mostly Mexico but also some Lima and Potosí), minted primarily between 1711 and 1715, although numerous earlier dates were represented too, some of the dates extending well back into the 1600s. Many of the dates and types of the 1700-1715 period had been either rare or unknown prior to the salvage of the 1715 Fleet. The gold coins, as can be expected, have been generally pristine, as have been some of the silver coins, but most silver cobs from the 1715 Fleet are at least somewhat corroded, some no more than thin, featureless slivers. Every denomination of cob made in silver and gold, with the exception of the quarter real (which was not minted past the very early 1600s), has been found on the 1715 Fleet, as well as several different denominations of round “Royal” presentation issues. Promotions of the coins by Real Eight and others have spanned the decades, in addition to auctions by Henry Christensen (1964); Parke-Bernet Galleries (1967) and Sotheby Parke Bernet (1973); the Schulman Coin and Mint (1972 and 1974); Bowers and Ruddy Galleries (1977); and even the U.S. Customs Service (2003). The demand for these coins over the years has steadily risen while the supply of new finds has dwindled. As the salvage operation on the 1715 Fleet reached diminishing returns, some associates (like Mel Fisher) headed for Key West and other areas to search for new wrecks. Do not believe, however, that the 1715-Fleet search is over. Since as many as 5 or 6 of the 12 or 13 galleons remain undiscovered, search areas are still leased from the state, and even the old wreck sites continue to relinquish a few coins to an insatiable numismatic market. Even the beaches themselves yield fabulous finds (one gold “Royal” 8 escudos—a six-figure bonanza in our day—was found on the beach by a metal detectorist in 1989), especially after direct-hit hurricanes like Frances and Jeanne, which devastated the treasure beaches in rapid succession in the summer of 2004. Much of the finds stays in the hands of locals throughout the State of Florida—divers, beachcombers, and old-time collectors who love their cobs and sell only when they must. The one collector that never sells is also the one with the largest collection of them all—the museum of the State of Florida. Spain lost it all to America, whence it came. Despite a wealth of publications pertaining to the 1715 Fleet with names of the ships and the known locations of some of the wrecks, there is no universal agreement as to the identity of the vessel at each wrecksite. In many cases, in fact, it is possible that separate wrecksites represent different parts of the same ship. As a result, salvagers over the decades have resorted to nicknames for the sites based on landmarks, local individuals, and even features from the wrecks themselves, such as (from north to south): “Pines” (Sebastian), “Cabin” (Wabasso), “Cannon” (Wabasso), “Corrigan’s” (Vero Beach), “Rio Mar” (Vero Beach), “Sandy Point” (Vero Beach), “Wedge” (Fort Pierce), and “Colored Beach” (Fort Pierce). (Case in point: In this very catalog you will see items alternately certified as from the “Corrigans site” and the “Regla site,” which are one and the same.) Traditionally the range of sites extends from south of Fort Pierce up to just south of Melbourne in the north, but rumors of 1715-Fleet finds as far north as Cape Canaveral, New Smyrna Beach and even Fernandina Beach (near Jacksonville) may have merit. Regardless of the exact site of origin, a great majority of the coins are sold simply as “1715 Fleet.” Guadalupe-Tolosa, sunk in 1724 in Samaná Bay, Dominican Republic Inbound from Spain and often referred to as the “quicksilver galleons,” these two ships were carrying a cargo of 400 tons of mercury, a critical element in the silver- and gold-refining process in Mexico, where these ships were headed. In late August the ships were blown by a hurricane into Samaná Bay on the northeast coast of what is now the Dominican Republic and wrecked there in relatively close proximity to each other (about 7½ miles), which is why their names are intermingled today. More than 500 people died in the tragedy. The wrecks were discovered and salvaged in the late 1970s and yielded many earthenware olive jars and other artifacts in addition to the mercury. In 2005 it became known that the 1970s salvage

also turned up a small group of gold coins (including 13 cobs from the mints of Bogotá, Cuzco, Lima and Mexico), which were auctioned that same year. 1733 Fleet, Florida Keys Much like the 1715-Fleet disaster mentioned above, the 1733 Fleet was another entire Spanish convoy (except for one ship) lost in a hurricane off Florida. The lesser severity of the 1733 hurricane (which struck the fleet on July 15) and the shallowness of the wrecksites in the Keys, however, made for many survivors and even left four ships in good enough condition to be re-floated and sent back to Havana. A highly successful salvage effort by the Spanish soon commenced, bringing up even more than the 12 million pesos of precious cargo listed on the Fleet’s manifest (thanks to the usual contraband). The wrecks themselves are spread across 80 miles, from north of Key Largo down to south of Duck Key, and include the following galleons (note there is not universal agreement as to which wrecksite pertains to each galleon, and each name is a contemporaneous abbreviation or nickname): El Pópulo, El Infante, San José, El Rubí (the capitana, or lead vessel of the fleet), Chávez, Herrera, Tres Puentes, San Pedro, El Terri (also spelled Lerri or Herri), San Francisco, El Gallo Indiano (the almiranta, or rear guard of the fleet), Las Angustias, El Sueco de Arizón, San Fernando, and San Ignacio. This last ship, San Ignacio, is believed to be the source of many silver coins (and even some gold coins) found in a reef area off Deer Key known as “Coffins Patch,” the south westernmost of all the 1733-Fleet wrecksites. In addition, many other related sites are known, mostly the wrecks of tag-along ships that accompanied the fleet proper. The first and arguably most famous of the wrecks of the 1733 Fleet to be located in modern times was the Capitana El Rubí, which was discovered in 1948 and salvaged principally in the 1950s by Art McKee, whose Sunken Treasure Museum on Plantation Key housed his finds for all to see. Throughout the next several decades, however, the wrecksites in the Keys became a virtual free-for-all, with many disputes and confrontations, until the government created the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary in 1990. The removal of artifacts from any of the sites is prohibited today. In contrast to the 1715 Fleet, and because of the extensive Spanish salvage in the 1730s, the finds by modern divers have been modest, especially in gold coins, of which there are far more fakes on the market than genuine specimens! Nevertheless, the 1733 Fleet has been a significant source for some of the rare Mexican milled “pillar dollars” of 1732-1733 as well as the transitional “klippe”-type coins of 1733. Vliegenthart, sunk in 1735 off Zeeland, the Netherlands The East Indiaman Vliegenthart (“Flying Hart” in Dutch) had just departed Rammekens for the East Indies when the deadly combination of a northeast gale, a spring tide and pilot error sent her into a sand bank behind her sister-ship Anna Catharina. The latter ship broke apart in the storm while the Vliegenthart, damaged and firing her cannons in distress, slipped off the bank and sank in 10 fathoms of water. All hands on both ships were lost. Contemporaneous salvage under contract with the Dutch East India Company was unsuccessful, but it did provide a piece of evidence—a secret map—that did not emerge from obscurity until 1977. Stemming from that, divers employed by the former London attorney Rex Cowan discovered the wreck in 1981, and in 1983 they found their first coins, one of three chests of Mexican silver and Dutch gold coins (totaling 67,000 guilders or dollar-sized units) for the East India trade aboard the Vliegenthart. The second chest was smashed on the seabed and its contents partially salvaged, while the third chest, intact like the first, came up in 1992. The divers also recovered several smaller boxes of large Dutch silver coins known as “ducatoons,” illegally exported and therefore contraband. Among the silver coins found were thousands of Mexican cobs, predominantly 8 reales, many with clear dates in the early 1730s and in excellent condition. Rooswijk, sunk in 1739 off southeast England Off the southeastern tip of England, just north of the Straits of Dover, the sea hides a most unusual feature known as the Goodwin Sands, where sandbanks appear and disappear unpredictably and move with the tides. Many ships over the centuries have sunk here and silted over, and occasionally one of the wrecks will surface and be discovered. Such is the case with the Rooswijk, a Dutch East Indiaman that foundered on the Goodwin Sands in a storm on December 19, 1739, with all hands and 30 chests of treasure, virtually gone without a trace. By chance in December 2004, the sands that had swallowed the wreck of the Rooswijk parted and allowed diver Ken Welling to retrieve two complete chests and hundreds of silver bars. Operating in secrecy, salvage continued in 2005 under the direction of Rex Cowan (in agreement with the Dutch and British governments) and is ongoing today. So far, several hundred Mexican silver cobs of the 1720s and early 1730s and transitional “klippes” of 1733-1734, as well as many more hundreds of “pillar dollars” and a smattering of cobs from other mints, have hit the market from this wreck, mostly through auction.

Princess Louisa, sunk in 1743 off the Cape Verde Islands, west of Africa Laden with 20 chests (69,760 ounces) of Spanish silver, the East Indiaman Princess Louisa fell victim to surprise currents and inaccurate charts and struck a reef and sank off Isla de Maio in the early morning hours of April 18. Forty-two of the 116 people aboard floated to safety on the nearby island, but nothing on the ship could be saved. Contemporaneous salvage never came to fruition. In 1998 and 1999 the wrecksite was located and salvaged by the Arqueonautas firm, whose finds from this wreck have been largely marketed by a Houston coin and jewelry dealer ever since, though some coins were also sold at auction in 2000-2001. Most of the coins were New World silver cobs from all the mints that were operating in the early 1700s (including rare Bogotá cobs), predominantly minors (smaller than 8 reales), in average condition, with quite a few preserved in asfound multiple-coin clusters. (Also see the Arqueonautas section following this.) Hollandia, sunk in 1743 off the Scilly Isles, southwest of England Blown off course on her way to the East Indies, the Hollandia struck Gunner Rock and sank in about 110 feet of water about 1½ miles east of it on July 13, 1743. There were no survivors. The first sign of the wreck came in 1971, when divers under Rex Cowan located the wrecksite and within a couple years salvaged more than 35,000 silver coins among the nearly 130,000 guilders (dollar-sized units) recorded to be on board the Hollandia. A great majority of the coins were Mexican “pillar dollars,” but there were also some silver cobs, including the scarce Mexican transitional “klippes” of 1733-1734 and a few Guatemala cobs, in mixed condition. Reijgersdaal, sunk in 1747 off South Africa More popularly known in the U.S. as Reygersdahl, this typical East Indiaman was carrying eight chests of silver coins (nearly 30,000 coins) when she sank on October 25, 1747, between Robben and Dassen Islands. After four-and-a-half months at sea, the crew had anchored there to fetch rock rabbits (“dassies,” for which Dassen Island was named) and other fresh food to relieve massive illness on board the ship, on which some 125 had died and 83 were incapacitated out of 297 people; but in the face of a gale, the anchor-line snapped and the ship foundered on the rocks. Only 20 survived the sinking, and only one incomplete chest of coins was recovered. The area was deemed too dangerous to attempt contemporaneous salvage. Beginning in 1979, modern salvage-divers on the wrecksite recovered thousands of coins (as many as 15,000 by the early 1980s, when protective legislation was enacted in South Africa), mostly in near pristine condition, which have been sold in various auctions and private offerings ever since. A great majority of the coins from this wreck are Mexican pillar dollars (in excellent condition), but it also yielded a few hundred New World silver cobs, including Guatemala cobs, which are rarely seen from shipwrecks. Nuestra Señora de la Luz, sunk in 1752 off Montevideo, Uruguay Like the Capitana (1654) and 1733 Fleet, this wreck is a case for modern salvage of Spanish wrecks where all or most of the registered cargo was found in its own time, for contraband was always a factor and was generally abandoned if the ship did not make its destination. The Luz left Buenos Aires in the summer of 1752 with a load of money bound for Spain, and had just stopped in Montevideo for provisioning when a strong storm swept her into the coastline, spreading wreckage over a wide area and killing all on board. While over 90% of the treasure on board was recovered soon afterward, the powder-hold was never found, and as it turns out, that is where some 200,000 pesos (according to later reports) of contraband had been stored. In April of 1992, divers working under Rubén Collado began to recover gold coins on a wrecksite in the Río de la Plata, and soon it became clear the wreck in question had to be from 1751 or 1752, as none of the coins was dated later than 1751. The finds, which were split with the Uruguayan government and then sold at auction in New York and Montevideo, consisted of mostly milled (bust-type) 8 escudos from the new mint at Santiago, Chile. Also in these auctions were 95 gold cobs and 353 silver cobs, the former mostly Lima 8 and 4 escudos (but also some Bogotá 2 escudos), and the latter mostly 8 and 4 reales from Potosí (with several more gold and silver cob sold privately). The gold, of course, is pristine, but the silver coins all show at least moderate corrosion. Bredenhof, sunk in 1753 off Mozambique The Bredenhof was a Dutch East Indiaman headed to India with 14 barrels of copper “duits” (penny-like coins), 29 chests of silver bars, and one chest of gold ducats. On June 6, 1753, about 13 miles from the eastern coast of Africa and 120

miles south of the Portuguese settlement of Mozambique, the Bredenhof found herself in difficult currents and struck a reef. Amazingly, among the first items jettisoned to try to raise the ship off the reef were some of the chests of silver bars! The gold was taken by the ship’s officers, some of whom survived the trip to Mozambique, but the silver bars and copper coins were lost until modern times, despite salvage attempts in the 1750s. In 1986, divers found the wreck, which yielded hundreds of silver ingots and thousands of copper coins, all sold at auction by Christie’s Amsterdam that same year. “Cape Haitien wreck,” sunk ca. 1750-1760 off Haiti Nothing is known so far about this mysterious wreck located at the entrance of the bay of Cape Haitien on the north coast of Haiti. All we know is that it was a large sailing vessel, almost certainly French, sunk between 1750 and 1760. Nuestra Señora del Rosario, sunk in 1753 off Montevideo, Uruguay The Rosario was reportedly carrying over 800,000 pesos of treasure on her way to Buenos Aires when she sank close to shore at the mouth of the Río de la Plata on June 30, 1753. All hands were saved, but the fate of the valuable cargo is unknown. Recent finds of utilitarian items like spoons and buckles have trickled onto the market, but no high-value treasure so far. Auguste, sunk in 1761 off Nova Scotia, Canada After the end of the Seven Years’ War between England and France in 1759, French officers and aristocrats in Canada were sent from Quebec back to France in ships such as the Auguste. In stormy conditions and damaged by fire, the Auguste struck a sand bar on November 15 and subsequently sank in Aspy Bay off Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Only 7 of the 121 on board survived, and the wealth of the passengers was lost until our time. To date, well over a thousand coins of various nationalities have been found, along with many important artifacts. Dromadaire, sunk in 1762 off the Cape Verde Islands, west of Africa (See the Arqueonautas section following this.) Colebrooke, sunk in 1778 off South Africa The Colebrooke was an English East Indiaman on her way to Bombay when she hit a reef known today as Anvil Rock and sank in Kogel Bay near Cape Town on August 24, 1778. Seven people drowned and none of the trading cargo was saved. The wreck was discovered in 1984 and salvaged in the 1980s and 1990s. Scipion, sunk in 1782 in Samaná Bay, Dominican Republic A valiant fighter against the English in the American Revolutionary War, the French ship Scipion was engaged in battle when she inadvertently maneuvered onto a reef and sank in thirty feet of water on October 18, 1782. Discovered in our time by Tracy Bowden, the Scipion site is still being salvaged for its important artifacts. Cazador, sunk in 1784 off New Orleans, Louisiana The Cazador was a Spanish brig of war headed from Vera Cruz, Mexico, to New Orleans under the direction of Captain Gabriel de Campos y Piñeda. Her cargo of some 450,000 pesos of newly minted silver coins was meant to stabilize the fragile economy in the Spanish possession of Louisiana, which had suffered from the use of French paper currency. The fact that the coins never arrived probably hastened the decision to cede the colony to Napoleon in 1800, soon after which Louisiana was sold to the fledgling United States of America for $15 million. Nobody knows how the Cazador was lost, and no evidence of the ship was found until 1993, when a fishing crew led by Captain Jerry Murphy snagged their net on something about 50 miles south of New Orleans in the Gulf of Mexico. When the net was brought up, it spilled out hundreds of silver coins onto the deck of Jerry’s boat, aptly named Mistake. Shortly thereafter, the fishermen obtained the rights to the find and began recoveries under the name of Grumpy Inc. Hartwell, sunk in 1787 off the Cape Verde Islands, west of Africa (See the Arqueonautas section following this.) Piedmont (“Lyme Bay wreck”), sunk in 1795 in Lyme Bay, south of England One of a huge fleet of 300 ships on their way to the West Indies to suppress a French uprising, the Piedmont was forced into Lyme Bay during a hurricane on November 18, 1795, that scattered and sank the ships of the fleet all along the

Dorset coast. The Piedmont and five other ships (Aeolus, Catherine, Golden Grove, Thomas and Venus) broke apart on Chesil Beach and came to be known collectively as the “Lyme Bay wrecks.” An estimated 1,000 men lost their lives in the disaster, including well over a hundred from the Piedmont alone. In the early 1980s, the wrecks were salvaged by divers Selwyn Williams and Les and Julia C. Kent, who discovered many silver cobs of the late 1600s on the wrecksite of the Piedmont. It is presumed that the coins had been captured or recovered from a 17th-century wreck and stored in the vaults of the Bank of England for about a century before being transported and subsequently lost again. These coins are usually recognizable by their uniformly dark-gray coloration, a bit sea-worn but not overly corroded. A significant group of extremely rare Colombian silver cobs from the Piedmont (but not identified as such) was offered at auction in 1995. Leocadia, sunk in 1800 off Punta Santa Elena, Ecuador This wreck, salvaged periodically in the late 20th century, typically yielded portrait (bust) 8 reales from Lima, Peru, but more recent work in 2001 brought up a handful of small silver cobs of the mid- to late 1700s mostly from the Potosí mint. These were probably from a small, private purse and not part of the more than 2 million pesos of registered silver and gold cargo aboard the Leocadia when she departed Paita, Peru, bound for Panama in a convoy of merchant vessels. On November 16, 1800, the Leocadia struck a shoal and broke apart 100 yards from the beach at Punta Santa Elena, with a loss of over 140 lives in the disaster. Within the next year the Spanish salvaged about 90% of the registered treasure, leaving more than 200,000 pesos (not to mention the expected contraband) behind to tempt divers in our time. Judging from the paucity of coins from this ship on the open market, it is reasonable to assume that many more are still to be found. Lady Burgess, sunk in 1806 off the Cape Verde Islands, west of Africa (See the Arqueonautas section following this.) Admiral Gardner, sunk in 1809 off the southeast coast of England Along with her sister-ship Britannia, the English East Indiaman Admiral Gardner was outbound with an immense cargo (48 tons!) of copper coins for circulation in India when both ships sank in a storm on the Goodwin Sands on January 24, 1809. Ten lives were lost, as was all the cargo. The coins were recovered in modern times, literally a million of them packed in wax inside wooden barrels. “Coconut wreck,” sunk ca. 1810 in deep water off Bermuda This fascinating find has been touted as the deepest treasure wreck ever found, and it should hold that title for a long time! While searching in 1999 for Gus Grissom’s space capsule Liberty Bell 7 (lost in a test at sea, in which Grissom nearly died) from the Mercury program of 1961, underwater explorer Curt Newport (supported by the Discovery Channel) noticed an unidentified anomaly at a depth of 16,300 feet—not the space capsule (which was eventually found and recovered), but something interesting to be investigated later. That day came in 2001 when Michael McDowell used a pair of Russian submarines to view the wreck, whereupon they discovered the remains of a wooden trading vessel loaded with coconuts! A chest filled with more than 1300 silver coins was soon recovered, along with a small, ornate gold box containing 13 gold coins wrapped in a newspaper dated August 6, 1809. These gold coins were sold at auction in 2008 by Stack’s in New York, who dubbed this the “Coconut wreck,” despite its earlier names (given by divers and promoters) of “Piña Colada wreck” and “Atlantic Target Expedition wreck”. Our Treasure Auction #3 marks the first time the silver coins from this wreck have ever been offered at auction. Each coin is accompanied by a numbered photo-certificate from archeologist James Sinclair and has been given a Grade (1 to 4, 1 being the best) to reflect the coin’s state of preservation. “1810 wreck,” sunk off Ft. Pierce, Florida A hurricane in 1810 sank several ships along the east coast of Florida, particularly in the vicinity of Ft. Pierce. Several ship names have been proposed for the site in question here including a Roberts, not to be confused with a ship of similar name (without the s) sunk off Vero Beach 11 years later. Robert, sunk in 1821 off Vero Beach, Florida Very little is documented about this vessel sunk in 1821 in the same area as the 1618 San Martín and a 1715 site known as “Cannon wreck,” with the 1715 “Corrigans wreck” and 1824 Spring of Whitby sites nearby as well, all within view of Disney’s Vero Beach Resort, where artifacts from these wrecks are on display in their oceanview lounge.

Spring of Whitby, sunk in 1824 off Wabasso, Florida This wreck has been and probably will always be shrouded in mystery, as we have definite proof of her sinking near Vero Beach (the evidence being a bronze bell with her name and 1801 date of manufacture recovered in 1965), yet admiralty records show she plied the Baltic trade in the extreme northern Atlantic at least until 1826! The material from the wrecksite, on the other hand, being Spanish silver bust-type coins, indicates a date of sinking of 1824. Could piracy have been involved? Britannia, sunk in 1826 off South Africa On an outbound run to India, the 460-ton Britannia hit an uncharted reef (now known as Britannia reef) and sank on October 22, 1826, in a part of St. Helena Bay that is now known (appropriately enough) as Britannia Bay. The site was found and salvaged in 1997-1998, its artifacts remarkably well preserved by sand burial, some of its bottles still containing their original liquids and foodstuffs. Thetis, sunk in 1830 off Cabo Frio, Brazil The English Navy vessel H.M.S. Thetis was on a trading trip, returning from Rio de Janeiro with 800,000 dollars on board, when her bowsprit struck a cliff off Cabo Frio and she was dismasted, after which she drifted along the coast and finally foundered in a small cove. All hands were rescued, and three-quarters of the treasure was soon salvaged, followed by another nearly 150,000 coins by the summer of 1832. What little remained was recovered in modern times. Duoro, sunk in 1843 off the Scilly Isles, southwest of England A schooner plying the illegal slave trade from Africa to the West Indies, the Duoro sank under unspecified conditions with a large cargo of bronze bracelets, known as “manillas,” which were meant to be traded for human lives in Africa, but are now inexpensive collectibles today. “Rombos wreck,” sunk in the early 1800s off the Cape Verde Islands, west of Africa (See the Arqueonautas section following this.) “Cognac wreck,” sunk ca. 1830-1850 off the Cape Verde Islands, west of Africa (See the Arqueonautas section following this.) Santo Andre, sunk in 1856 off the Cape Verde Islands, west of Africa (See the Arqueonautas section following this.) S.S. Central America, sunk in 1857 in deep water off North Carolina Sunk in a hurricane on September 12, 1857, the mail steamer Central America took with her more than 400 lives and over three tons of gold. The wreck lay undisturbed until 1986, when Tommy Thompson and his Columbus-America Discovery Group located the ship in 8500 feet of water. After 10 years of legal struggles, the salvagers were awarded about 92% of the treasure, with most of the rest going to insurance companies who had paid the claim when the ship sank. Widely touted as the greatest treasure ever found, the gold from the Central America has been very heavily promoted and cleverly marketed. S.S. Republic, sunk in 1865 in deep water off Savannah, Georgia Originally christened the Tennessee (which is how she was identified in our time), the sidewheel steamer Republic was carrying some $400,000 in specie from New York to New Orleans when she sank in a hurricane about 100 miles offshore on October 25, 1865. One of many deep targets located by the salvage company Odyssey, the site of the Republic was salvaged by submersible craft beginning in 2003. In addition to gold and silver coins of the Civil War-era United States, Odyssey found the ship’s bell with part of the name Tennessee, confirming the ship’s identity and launching a massive, ongoing promotional campaign for coins and artifacts from the wreck. Douro, sunk in 1882 in deep water off Cape Finisterre, Spain The British Royal Mail Steamer Douro was en route to England from Portugal when she collided with the Spanish steamship Yrurac Bat and sank in the early morning hours of April 2, 1882, in deep water off the northwest coast of Spain. All but six people on board survived, but the ship and its cargo of tens of thousands of gold coins were a total loss. The wreck was found and salvaged in 1995 by Sverker Hallstrom and Nigel Pickford using a remote-operated vehicle (ROV) at a depth of 1500 feet. The cargo of gold coins, mostly British sovereigns was sold at auction by Spink (London) in 1996.

Elingamite, sunk in 1902 off New Zealand A casualty of heavy fog, the steamer Elingamite was traveling from Sydney (Australia) to Auckland (New Zealand) when she struck West Island of the “Three Kings Islands” off the northern tip of New Zealand and sank in 150 feet of water on November 9, 1902. Forty-five lives were lost in all. Nearly a quarter of the precious silver cargo on board the Elingamite was salvaged in her own time, leaving most of it for divers to find in the mid- to late 1960s. Egypt, sunk in 1922 off Ushant, France In May of 1922, the Egypt encountered thick fog off the northwest coast of France and was accidentally rammed by another ship, the French cargo steamer Seine, sinking the British ship within twenty minutes. The Egypt was carrying some 15 tons of silver and gold bullion in addition to British gold sovereigns totaling £1,054,000 (1922 values). Nothing was salvaged until the early 1930s, when an Italian company recovered an estimated 95% of the treasure from the ship’s depth of 420 feet, an amazing success for its time.

The History of Arqueonautas Arqueonautas was founded on May 19, 1994. Its main mission is to protect world maritime heritage, which it pursues through partnership agreements with governments of different countries. In August of 1995, an exclusive concession contract was concluded with the Government of Cape Verde covering the whole of the archipelago’s territorial waters. During the seven years in which Arqueonautas pursued its activities around these Atlantic islands, over 100 shipwrecks were located and documented, resulting in 12 recovery operations. In the course of this project more than 10,000 artifacts of significant cultural and historical value and 65,000 coins were recovered, scientifically documented and preserved. From these finds, about 70% of the artifacts and 40% of the coins remained in Cape Verde for public display at the National Maritime Museum in Cidade da Praia, Santiago. In the year 2000 work was initiated in Mozambique. Since non-intrusive survey and reconnaissance operations commenced, 32 shipwrecks were discovered of which 3 sites have so far been excavated and scientifically documented. The first excavation led to the recovery of an important cargo of Chinese Ming Dynasty porcelain from the middle of the 16th Century as well as 12 kilograms of gold nuggets and gold disks that had been smuggled amongst the ship’s ballast. The most significant part of the porcelain is now being catalogued at the National Maritime Museum on the Island of Mozambique for later exhibition. It should be emphasized that this is the most important collection of Ming porcelain existing on the African Continent.

Two Maritime Conservation centers have been established. The first in Cidade de Praia / Cape Verde with the cooperation of the Government of the Republic of Cape Verde, and the second on the Island of Mozambique established under contract between the Government of Mozambique, Arqueonautas and Patrim贸nio Internacional. Both these centers promote the cultural importance of the collections and offer training in maritime archaeology and conservation.

The transfer of knowledge to professionals of the countries where we are active is an important goal characteristic of our way of operating, along with the investment in structures that enable the ongoing implementation of such knowledge, even after Arqueonautas is no longer present in these territories. The scientific papers resulting from the work carried out in Cape Verde and Mozambique are now being concluded. Scientific publications take long due to the complexity and large volume of information gathered. Their publication in the scientific community will contribute to enhance the knowledge of maritime history between the sixteenth and nineteenth century.

Nikolaus Graf Sandizell, founder and CEO of Arqueonautas, S.A. 20

HISTORICAL INFORMATION ON THE SHIPWRECKS RECOVERED BY ARQUEONAUTAS WORLDWIDE S.A.

MOZAMBIQUE Espadarte, sunk in 1558 Code name: Ship: Route: Casualties: •

IDM-002 Portuguese nao India to Portugal Unknown

Date: Location: Weight: Yield:

May/June 1558 (estimated) Island of Mozambique Unknown Gold nuggets, porcelains

Historical Information

The code name given to our wreck was IDM-002 (which stands for the second wreck site found at Ilha de Moçambique) and soon became known within the team as the “Fort San Sebastian Wreck”, but no name or year was possible to identify. By the study of the hull remains and the Ming porcelain we knew it was from the second half of the 16th Century, but the reports in our possession from the archives of Portuguese ships lost in that area and period didn’t seem to match with our wreck. The study of the porcelain showed that some were inscribed with reign marks, for instance ming jiajing nian zao, ‘made in the Jiajing period of the great Ming dynasty’; Jiajing period lasted from 1522 to 1566, but this did not help us narrow our chronological parameters. The piece that helped us more was a beautifully painted dish with a white hare at the centre and the exterior with a bird perched on the branch of a fruiting peach tree. Its rare cyclical date mark on the underside read gui chou nia zao, or ‘made in the gui chou year’. The Chinese system of dating was based on cycles of sixty years. The cyclical calendar is believed to have started in 2637 BC, but those of the Ming era that interested us, that is to say the period of Portuguese empire, began their cycles in 1444, 1504 and 1564. Each year within the cycle has its own name, in our case it was gui chou. Gui, the first ideogram in the inscription, reading in the Chinese manner from top to bottom and left to right, is one of the so-called ten stems; it combines with chou, the second ideogram of our inscription, which is one of the six possible ‘branch’ characters that can go with gui. The combination of the two tells us that it is the 50th year of the cycle. The question was: which cycle? Based on the art historical evidence, shape, style of painting, subject matter, motifs and subsidiary ornamentation, it could not possibly be from the cycle beginning in 1564 as its 50th year would give us 1613 and put us in the late Wanli period, by which time the artistry was entirely different. Also the cycle beginning 1444 was too early. The only cycle that fit the artistry was the cycle beginning in 1504, which gave us the year 1553, putting the wreck into in the third quarter of the sixteenth century. But this did not mean that our wreck sank in 1553. It would have taken time for the cargo to reach the market, and for it to reach Africa. Chinese porcelain was at the time a very sought-after commodity for Europeans merchants. Having this in mind, the most likely date for the Fort San Sebastian wreck was the five-year period between 1554 and 1558. It could not be earlier because the dated dish gave us a theoretical earliest date; it could, however, be later, but not by much. Almost seven years after the discovery of the wreck, the uninterrupted archival research carried out by Arqueonautas and its team of specialists finally succeeded. In March of 2007, two documents landed on the conference table of the office of Arqueonautas in Estoril, Portugal. One document from 1554 read as follows: 21

Espadarte ser perdido em Moçambique vindo por capitão dele D. Álvaro da Silveira e o piloto Diogo Afonso se perdeu na Ponta de Nossa Senhora do Baluarte (...) entramos entre as 10 e as 11 horas dentro do canal e o menos fundo que nele se achou foram 5 braças e achamos o Espadarte como acima digo alagado com o mastro quebrado o qual quebraram com tormenta que trazia vindo do Cabo para Moçambique [vinha da Índia para onde tinha ido em 1554] (The nao Espadarte, which went to India in 1554, while on return to Portugal broke its mast at the Cape [of Good Hope] and was forced to go back to Mozambique, where it was stranded at the point of Nossa Senhora do Baluarte at a depth of 5 fathoms [9m])

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Recovery Report

The site was found during the systematic survey around Ilha de Moçambique on May 30, 2001, and the only visible remains were a huge stone ballast pile at 9 meters of depth falling abruptly into the channel until 32.5 m depth, where four intact Martaban jars were found. In two sondages practised in different parts of the stone ballast pile, wood timbers were observed, along with lead sheathing, fragments of coarse ceramics, two old anchors and blue and white Chinese porcelain objects, most of them intact and in very good condition. A complete survey of the wreck was done, every possible measurement was taken and a sketch to scale of the site was produced, including the depth isoclines. In order to evaluate the site two test sondages were done, one of 6m2 (3m x 2m) and the other of 1m2 (1m x 1m), both plotted in the site sketch. Gold artifacts were found in the surrounding area of the ballast pile, all buried inside cylindrical chimneys known as “blow holes,” vents from where gases escaped the magma in previous eras. The first two were a small hemispherical bowl and a bun-ingot. While the first, possibly a salt container, had been cast, hammered and filed into an object of exquisite beauty, the second was a solid, amorphous lump, the result of the gold having been smelted in a crucible and then poured into a simple, crudely formed receptacle that gave the ingot its irregular shape. Most of the gold from this site was totally unmarked, with no signs of fineness or ownership, possibly indicating that they were smuggled to avoid the Crown’s tax. A total of 12.4 kg of small ingots and fragments were recovered.

CAPE VERDE “Cidade Velha” Shipwrecks Code names: Ship: Route: Casualties: •

AGO-050 and AGO-051 Unknown Unknown Unknown

Date: Location: Weight: Yield:

16th Century Cape Verde Unknown Artifacts

Historical Information

The coastal town of Cidade Velha, or Ribeira Grande as it was formerly known, is where the history of Cape Verde began. In 1572, seventy years after its settlement, it was granted ‘Cidade’ or ‘city’ status. By that time it had a population of 1500, many of which were slaves working in the plantations of the valley.

In July of 1497, Cidade Velha was visited by Vasco da Gama. A less welcome visitor was Francis Drake. In 1585 he attacked the city by land with a force of 1000 men, but the inhabitants had been warned of his approach and fled to the hills, so Drake found the city deserted. Drake returned in 1586 and in a naval battle sank six or seven ships. In the 17th century Cidade Velha grew and prospered. Located at the crossroads of the Atlantic it became an important stop for ships in need of water, fresh food and repair. In addition it became a large slaving center where slaves were transhipped to destinations in the New World. •

Recovery Report

As with any popular anchorage the seabed around Cidade Velha is rich in material that was lost or discarded by visiting ships. The Arqueonautas team have recovered a series of artifacts from the “Cidade Velha” shipwrecks that include manilas, crucifixes, a range of pottery and a superb bronze cannon, most of them from Portuguese shipwrecks which were sunk at anchor in the harbor of Cidade Velha by Francis Drake on his second attack of this town in 1586.

Dromadaire, sunk in 1762 Code name: Ship: Route: Casualties: •

VIC-004 French East Indiaman France to India 77

Date: Location: Weight: Yield:

February 19th, 1762 Cape Verde 520 tons Artifacts

Historical Information

Le Dromadaire belonged to the French East India Company and was built in Nantes in 1758. Under the command of Captain Joseph Le Houx, she departed from the Port of Lorient in the company of Le Berryer and Le Massiac on February 6th 1762, with a total of 154 people on board. She was a ship of 520 tons, carrying 20 guns, 1000 cannon balls and a chest of silver.

Le Gentil wrote in his diary Voyages (II, 697): The Dromadaire French East Indiaman of 520 tons monted of 20 canons sailed from Lorient at the end of 1761 under captain Joseph le Hou, with the Massiac captain de Vinselou. The ships sailed between the Cap Verde Islands. M. Vinselou made signel to the Dromadaire before night came asking him to change his tract. The weather was strong and foggy. The Dromadaire did not see the signal and thought to be much off the coast of St. Vicent on which she was lost. Only 77 persons were saved. The crew was salvaged by a Dutch ship that sailed to Cap of Good Hope. Indeed, due to a political rupture between Spain and Britain, Le Dromadaire was asked to take a different course than normal in order to avoid possible interceptions. After passing the Tropic of Cancer captain Le Houx changed Le Dromadaire’s course to pass to the west of the Cape Verde Islands, separating from Le Massiac, which stayed on her original course. Due to bad weather conditions the two ships soon lost sight of each other. As the weather worsened, navigational instruments were of no use and the ship’s position was based on estimates. Even though night watches and lookout duties were intensified, by the morning of February 19th Le Dromadaire was so close to land that the breakers could be heard. As panic spread among the crew, orders were not followed and maneuvers to 23

save Le Dromadaire could not be executed. Within 7 minutes she was carried against the dangerous reef off the Island of São Vicente by the violent currents and broke into two. A Dutch ship nearby was able to save 77 people. A letter of the Governor of Cape Verde dated February 19 found in the archives (AHU Cabo-Verde, Caixa 28, dossier 27, dated 30 March 1764) describes the following: I was charged to give assistance to the crew of the French ship lost on the coast of São Vicente about 60 leagues from here, and to try to recover the cargo. I was only informed that the crew was salvaged with boats, which arrived at São Vicente and São Antão ... The wood salvaged from the wreck has been bought by the bishop and people say that the chest in which the silver was loaded was lost on the seabed. The French told me that they tried several times to salvage the chest but without success because it was too deep… •

Recovery Report

Le Dromadaire wreck site was found on the 22nd of January of 1996 during a survey of San Vicente Island. The wreck smashed against the coast and the parallel scattering field is 68 meters long from G19 (northern end) to G27 (southern end). Going to the east, the wreck’s debris starts at a depth of 2m, just under the shore and finishes 55 meters away, at a depth of 17.5m at the eastern end of a deep gully. The team counted 19 cannons and recovered a semi precious stone that has clearly been cut from a ring, copper sheathing and a gold coin dated 1760.

Hartwell, sunk in 1787 Code name: Ship: Route: Casualties: •

BOA-007 English East Indiaman UK to China None

Date: Location: Weight: Yield:

1787 Cape Verde 938 tons Silver coins, artifacts

Historical Information

Launched amid much celebration, the Hartwell began its maiden voyage to China in February of 1787. It set out with an immensely rich cargo, which included 209,280 oz of fine silver. According to the ship’s owner, John Fiott, the Hartwell was the biggest ship of its kind in the service of the British East India Company. John Fiott’s brother was the captain and other family members were shareholders. The Hartwell soon ran into trouble. Gales put the ship behind schedule and, on May 20, a mutiny broke out. The cause of the rebellion was a refusal to extinguish lights. A survivor later reported that “knives were drawn, abusive language used and, after a struggle, three men were secured and clapped in irons.” Disorders continued to spread and before long 50 crewmembers were defying all orders from the officers. After three days the mutiny collapsed and the captain changed course for the Cape Verde Islands, his intention being to hand over the mutineers to the Governor. After three sleepless nights because of disturbances, the ship’s officers accidentally ran the ship onto a reef northeast of the Island of Boa Vista, in the Cape Verde islands off West Africa. It broke up quickly and although all the crew was saved, the entire cargo was lost. 24

•

Recovery Report

The site of the Hartwell wreck off Boavista Island was made known to Arqueonautas by the Capeverdian Government in 1996 and was subsequently surveyed and partly excavated during the following operational seasons. Earlier salvage attempts by the English East India Company, who employed the Braithwaite brothers, took place between 1788 and 1791, and 97,650 silver dollars were reportedly recovered. Furthermore, over 40,000 coins were salvaged by pirate divers during Braithwaite’s periodic absence from the site. Despite this early salvage success a large quantity of dollars remained near the wreck and from 1994 to 1996 the South African company Afrimar recovered further coins and artifacts before Arqueonautas was asked to survey the site. The large debris field left behind by Afrimar was first analysed in 1997 with the help of a magnetometer survey, to allow for a structured documentation and recovery of the remaining artefacts during the 1998 and 1999 seasons. It was clear that there was no defined debris field that could be related to the deposition of the wreck and its breakup in the 18th century. However, during the following two seasons the locations and context of all finds were recorded. It seems clear that before the 20th century intrusions clusters of concretion might have yielded evidence of cargo-stowage and domestic and personal equipment used on board.

Lady Burgess, sunk in 1806 Code name: Ship: Route: Casualties: •

VAL-002 English East Indiaman UK to India 34 to 66

Date: Location: Weight: Yield:

Apr. 19, 1806 Leton Rock, Cape Verde 820 Tons Gold and silver coins, artifacts

Historical Information

The Lady Burgess belonged to the English East India Company and set sail for India at beginning of April, 1806. She weighed 820 tons, carried 30 guns and a crew of 100 men. An account of her loss can be read in Captain Swinton’s logbook of the Lord Melville, a ship from the same fleet. In the early hours of the 20th of April 1806 both ships found themselves separated from their fleet and in great peril. Captain Swinton was able to turn his ship into deep waters; Lady Burgess however, could not escape the breakers. Lord Melville’s logbook describes: “[by] daylight [they] saw a ship on the reef with his masts gone and sea breaking over her. […] at 10 a.m. [she] was in the middle of the breakers, at 11 the wreck disappeared.” During the 3 hours of hardship, longboats were sent out and a large part of the crew could be saved. There is no indication in the Commerce Journal of the East India Company that the Lady Burgess was carrying bullion. Her cargo consisted of iron, lead and general merchandise. So far there is also no knowledge of any earlier salvage attempts for the Lady Burgess. •

Recovery Report

Joao Valente reef is almost half way between the islands of Maio and Boa Vista in the Cape Verde Islands, and the wreck is located at the southeast end of this reef (15 48 16.1 N, 23 08 47.0 W).

A pile of lead bars and several rudder pintles and gudgeons surrounding it were the first spotted objects that clearly defined the site a shipwreck. A more careful inspection guided our team to four concreted areas of iron bars and scattered iron blocks. With further survey of the area, our team located another section of the wreck consisting of several cannons and anchors trapped inside deep craters, at 150 meters to the west of the lead pile. The debris field of this ship is scattered in a wide area of 200m from the pintle P3 (the most eastern point) to the iron hook (the most western point) and runs almost in an east-west direction. There are only a few spots slightly away from the main scattering course. The debris to the north and south is very small (70m in the wider area) compared to the main displacement’s vector of the heavy objects. Due to the very wide scattering of the evidence, the wreck was divided in two main areas: • Area #1: stern section, pintles, gudgeons, lead and iron bars • Area #2: bow section, cannons, anchors, cannon balls, concretions

Santo Andre, sunk in 1856 Code name: Ship: Route: Casualties: •

BOA-006 Spanish “Galera” Unknown None

Date: Location: Weight: Yield:

1856 Cape Verde Unknown Silver coins, artifacts

Historical Information

The Santo Andre was a Spanish “Galera” with a cargo of bottles and coins. It sank on the 25th of July, 1856, off the Island of Boavista. There is a report on the wreckage in a work published in 1909 on the shipwrecks in Cape Verde from 1842 to 1908 by Sevéro António Fortes in Liga Naval Portuguesa, Boletim Maritimo publicado pelo Conselho Geral, Série VIII, nº 3. Arqueonautas was so far unable to discover any further history of this ship. Arqueonautas does not have a concrete historical report on the wreckage conditions.

“Rombos Wreck” Code name: Ship: Route: Casualties: •

BRV-006 19th Century English Trader Unknown Unknown

Date: Location: Weight: Yield:

19th Century Cape Verde Unknown Artifacts

Historical Information

Arqueonautas was unable to discover the identity and history of this ship. As the “Rombos Wreck” is an unidentified shipwreck, Arqueonautas does not have a concrete historical report on the wreckage conditions.

•

Recovery Report

The Arqueonautas team found the wreck site BRV-006 in February of 2001 and named the site “Rombos Wreck”. In September of the same year a survey was performed on BRV-006 locating a cargo of tin ingots, cutlery, and wine bottles, as well as two cannons, two anchors and a pile of ballast iron bars.

“Cognac Wreck” Code name: Ship: Route: Casualties: •

AGO-039 19th Century French or British Trader Unknown Unknown

Date: Location: Weight: Yield:

mid-19th Century Cape Verde Unknown Artifacts

Historical Information

As the “Cognac Wreck” is an unidentified shipwreck, Arqueonautas does not have a concrete historical report on this wreckage. •

Recovery Report

The site AGO-039 was found in October of 1999 by our team, during a survey around the area of Pta. Lobos where local fishermen reported some wrecks. The wreck is near Punta Bomba, east coast of Santiago Island, lying on the reef shoal, beside a deep channel that goes inside a little bay. The only heavy objects from the wreck located on the first inspection were an anchor and an iron box, both sitting on the surface of the seabed. Working on a large scattering area, the divers recovered some glass objects (small bottles and stoppers) for identification purposes. The more interesting objects found were two intact bottles of French cognac and one intact stoneware bottle of whisky. Also found was an iron box full of slates. The slates were only the superficial layer, because under them was a layer of firebricks. The team also found and iron concretion with needles and pewter spoons (which were recovered). There were also small cannon balls. What was particularly curious about this wreck was the absence of other big heavy objects such as cannons or more anchors, but the kind of sediment of the place made it possible that these objects were buried deep down. Another possibility is that they were salvaged earlier.

GOLD COBS Mexico City, Mexico cross with some flat areas, AU grade where struck up. From the Spanish 1715 Fleet, eastern coast of Florida. Estimate: $3,500-$4,750

1. 8 escudos, 1714J, slabbed PCGS AU-55. S-M30, CT-144, KM-57.2. Very choice full date and oMJ and crown, nearly full shield (off-center obverse), full and bold cross, one of the best 1714 8E I have ever seen, lustrous and fully Mint State despite the slab grade. From the Spanish 1715 Fleet, eastern coast of Florida. Estimate: $9,000-$12,000

2. 8 escudos, 1715J. S-M30, CT-145, KM-57.2; 26.9 grams. Choice, lustrous AU specimen with all four digits of the date visible plus a full shield (unusual to have both) and king’s ordinal V, good full cross on other side, typically blunted and filed edge (as made), lovely golden color, much less common than the 1711’s through 1714’s. From the Spanish 1715 Fleet, eastern coast of Florida. Estimate: $9,000-$12,500

3. 4 escudos, 1715J. S-M30, CT-234, KM-55.2; 13.4 grams. One of the best specimens known (if not THE best), with 100% bold and full date and oMJ, choice full cross, nearly full shield and crown, beautiful orangegold color all over, AU or better. From the Spanish 1715 Fleet, eastern coast of Florida. Estimate: $10,000-$15,000 4. 1 escudo, 1702(L). S-M29a, CT-459, KM-51.1; 3.5 grams. Off-center strike that yields a 100% full and bold date (rarely seen) but sacrifices half the shield, flat spot on assayer but mintmark oXM all there, full

5. 1 escudo, 1710J. S-M30, CT-465, KM-51.1; 3.4 grams. Very bold strike with 100% full and bold date (rare thus) and oXMJ, choice full cross, off-center shield, fully Mint State. From the Spanish 1715 Fleet, eastern coast of Florida. Estimate: $3,750-$5,000 6. 1 escudo, Philip V, assayer not visible (17111713J by style), unique flip-over double-strike. SM30, CT-Type 99, KM-51.1; 3.4 grams. Very unusual specimen (first I have ever seen in gold cobs) with at least half of the obverse visible on the reverse (and vice versa) due to a flip-over double-strike (in fact, it is hard to tell which side is which!), but no flat spots, at least XF grade, very appealing to collectors of “error coins.” From the Spanish 1715 Fleet, eastern coast of Florida. Estimate: $2,000-$2,500

Lima, Peru

7. 8 escudos, 1699R, slabbed PCGS MS-62. S-L26, CT-50, KM-26.2. Typically perfectly round with much bold legend, full crown, full date above particularly bold waves, well-detailed full cross with curious diecrack across bottom two quadrants, lightly toned Mint State with some minor flat spots, a traditionally rare and desirable type-coin in top grade. From the Spanish 1715 Fleet, eastern coast of Florida. Estimate: $12,000$15,000

8. 8 escudos, 1703H. S-L25a, CT-80, KM-38.1; 27.0 grams. Mint State (or thereabouts) and well struck (well centered and no doubling), this rare-date coin (missing in the State of Florida collection), was the jewel of the 2003 Tampa sale (see pedigree), in which it sold for $13,250, an unheard-of price at the time for post-Charles II. (Nowadays even common-date Philip V Lima 8E sell for over $10,000.) The crown and waves on this coin are particularly bold, but everything else (cross, pillars, date, even most of the legend) is not too shabby either. Lovely orange gold with a hint of toning. From the Spanish 1715 Fleet, eastern coast of

11. 8 escudos, 1710H. S- L25a, CT-90, KM-38.2; 26.8 grams. Choice full cross, bold legend (including a rare, full, second date 710 in the legend, which is usually off the planchet), full but lightly doubled pillars and waves, XF with reddish toning. From the Spanish 1715 Fleet, eastern coast of Florida. Estimate: $9,000-$12,500

Florida, and pedigreed to the U.S. Customs (Tampa, FL) auction of June 25, 2003. Estimate: $12,500-$17,500

12. 8 escudos, 1711(M). S-L28, CT-92, KM-38.2; 26.9 grams. Lustrous AU with full but slightly off-center cross and pillars-and-waves, bold kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s name PHILIP(PVS), spots of red toning. From the Spanish 1715 Fleet, eastern coast of Florida. Estimate: $8,000-$12,000

9. 8 escudos, 1708H. S-L25a, CT-87, KM-38.1; 27.0 grams. Particularly evenly struck on a uniformly thick planchet, with bold full cross and waves, lots of legend, just a little bit doubled, AU grade with nice bits of white and brown encrustation here and there. From the Spanish 1715 Fleet, eastern coast of Florida. Estimate: $10,000-$15,000

13. 8 escudos, 1712M, slabbed PCGS AU-58. S-L28, CT-93, KM-38.2. Broad planchet with bold and nearly full legends, lustrous Mint State (despite slab grade), bold full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, full crown and second date 712 in legend (the 2 curiously overpunched by the crown), some minor chattering on the pillars side and graininess on the cross side (as made) but otherwise just as nice as you can get. From the Spanish 1715 Fleet, eastern coast of Florida. Estimate: $9,500-$13,500

10. 8 escudos, 1709M. S-L28, CT-89, KM-38.1; 27.0 grams. Scarce date, broad planchet with particularly nice pillars and waves, full but doubled cross, lots of bold legend, the assayer a bit weak (doubled) but appears to be M/H, XF with bits of encrustation. From the Spanish 1715 Fleet, eastern coast of Florida. Estimate: $8,000-$12,000 29

14. 8 escudos, 1727M. S-L28b, CT-109, KM-38.2; 26.9 grams. Beautifully bold full cross and pillars, bold second date in legend, slight doubling above pillars, matte orange color all over except for patch near edge on cross side that is lustrous yellow, AU or better, surely one of the best specimens ever recovered from the 1733 Fleet (and there haven’t been many). From the Spanish 1733 Fleet, Florida Keys. Estimate: $9,000$12,000

15. 8 escudos, 1730/29(N). S-L29, CT-unlisted (cf. 112), KM-unlisted (cf. 38.2); 27.0 grams. Two full and bold dates, both with clear 30/29 (scarce), good full cross and pillars-and-waves, bold king’s name PHILIPP(VS), lustrous XF with some flat spots. Estimate: $6,000$9,000

17. 4 escudos, 1700H, slabbed PCGS MS-62. S-L25, CT-80, KM-25. Perfect full pillars-and-waves and crosslions-castles on a small, round flan (perfectly centered), lightly toned and lustrous Mint State, choice specimen of a rare type. From the Spanish 1715 Fleet, eastern coast of Florida. Estimate: $12,000-$15,000

18. 4 escudos, 1750R, with cross side struck from 8E die. S-L31, CT-79c, KM-A47; 13.5 grams. Typically small, thick flan with well-centered strike, full cross that shows denomination •8• above it, clear date and assayer despite some flatness and doubling on the pillars side, lustrous Mint State with encrustation in crevices. From Nuestra Señora de la Luz, sunk in 1752 off Montevideo, Uruguay. Estimate: $7,000-$10,000

19. 2 escudos, 1703H, slabbed PCGS AU-58. S-L25a, CT-305, KM-36. Choice full cross-lions-castles with king’s name PHILIPPVS in legend, nice full pillars and crown but incomplete legends on that side, lustrous Mint State (despite the slab grade). From the Spanish 1715 Fleet, eastern coast of Florida. Estimate: $6,000-$8,000 16. 8 escudos, 1739/8V/N. S-L30, CT-unlisted (cf. 122), KM-38.2; 27.0 grams. Beautiful even strike and high grade (at least AU), with well-centered pillars (clear overdate and over-assayer, partial second date in legend), full and well-detailed cross-lions-castles, king’s name PHILIPPV(S), lovely reddish toning. Estimate: $5,000-$8,000

20. 2 escudos, 1709M. S-L28, CT-310, KM-36; 6.7 grams. Gorgeous Mint State specimen with full and welldetailed cross-lions-castles and pillars-and-waves, much legend (including the king’s ordinal V, which helps you to distinguish the date from 1700), very lustrous. From the Spanish 1715 Fleet, eastern coast of Florida. Estimate: $6,500-$9,000

21. 1 escudo, 1697/6H, slabbed PCGS MS-62, finest known. S-L25, CT-unlisted (cf. 148), KM-unlisted (cf. 27). Absolutely perfect specimen, top grade and fully struck up (with the exception of maybe a few dots in the borders) on a broad flan, 100% Mint State with small bits of encrustation, the overdate egregiously missing in the major references even though all 1697’s that I know of are actually 1697/6. From the Spanish 1715 Fleet, eastern coast of Florida. Estimate: $6,000-$8,000 22. 1 escudo, 1705H. S-L25a, CT-426, KM-35; 3.3 grams. Lustrous Mint State on an oversized flan, with choice full castle, cross, •L• mintmark and •H• assayer, bold 5 in date (the 7 and 0 weaker), cute piece, scarce. From the Spanish 1715 Fleet, eastern coast of Florida. Estimate: $5,000-$7,000

king’s name and ordinal PHILIPPVS III. For reference, the other known specimens sold at auction (by Christie’s, Spink and Ponterio) for no less than $22,000 and as much as $29,000 each (the sixthknown specimen having sold by Ponterio just last month). Also, for the hardcore 1622-Fleet enthusiasts, it is worth noting that this coin was found and certified in 1980, pre-dating the 1982 specimen mentioned as “maybe the earliest to be recovered” by Ernie Richards in his book Shipwrecks and Their Coins, Volume 1— The 1622 Spanish Treasure Fleet (2007). Mint State, with bits of encrustation and flat areas as mentioned above. From the Santa Margarita, sunk in 1622 west of Key West, Florida, with Fisher photo-certificate #178-M-80. Estimate: $25,000-$35,000

Bogotá, Colombia

Cartagena, Colombia 24. 8 escudos, 1750/49S, slabbed PCGS VF-25, Restrepo Plate Coin. S-B27a, CT-unlisted (cf. 46), KMunlisted (cf. 26). 100% full and bold date with obvious overdate (rare, six specimens known), Plate Coin in Restrepo and Lasser and with a long pedigree, round and thick planchet with choice full shield and cross, lots of legend, bold denomination 8 to right and right part of assayer S to left, AXF (despite the slab grade) with nicely contrasting toning on fields, some flat spots, also a rare type, as Colombian cob 8E were minted in only the years 1743-56 (total of 52 specimens known). Pedigreed to the following auctions:

23. 2 escudos, 162(2), no assayer, mintmark SF, extremely rare and desirable as the first gold coin ever minted in the New World. S-C5, CT-38, KM-4.3; 6.7 grams. A newly discovered 7th-known specimen (“Sedwick Treasure Auction specimen”?) of this highly popular and extremely rare issue, first brought to light by Frank Sedwick in the 1980s as being the “first gold coin of the Americas.” There is still much unknown about the early products of the Colombian mints, but for now it is widely acknowledged that this issue was struck in Cartagena from dies prepared in Spain, which would explain why there is no assayer mark (although Lasser believes the small F is actually an E for Jacobo Emayr) and why the king’s ordinal is III, even though Philip III died in 1621. The date is only partially visible on this coin, but all known specimens are dated 1622. There is also some unfortunate flatness on the cross and in the shield, but otherwise the coin is rather nice, with bold SF mintmark and lots of bold legend, particularly the

Ponterio, June, 1984; SBC, January, 1986; Ponterio, October, 1993; and SBC, September, 1997. Estimate: $7,000-

$10,000

Please send your bids to our special email bidding address: treasurebids@gmail.com 31

25. 4 escudos, 1740M, slabbed PCGS AU-50, Restrepo Plate Coin. S-B26, CT-252, KM-23. Very small, thick planchet (looks like a 2E at first) with choice full cross and shield, the latter filling the whole flan but the former so small as to allow a full date (also off-center), the first for this scarce denomination, which was only struck from 1740 to 1756, also the Plate Coin in Restrepo and Lasser, bold AU with sediment on fields. Estimate: $4,000-$6,000 26. 2 escudos, Philip IV (early 1650s), assayer not visible, slabbed NGC MS-62. S-B21, CT-Type 34, KM4.1. Full and bold cross (off-center), nearly full and well-detailed shield and crown, bold denomination II (vertically) and assayer R to right, lustrous Mint State. From the Maravillas, sunk in 1656 off Grand Bahama Island, with shipwreck named printed inside slab, and pedigreed to the Goldberg auction of February 20-23, 2005, with lot-sticker, and with Sedwick photo-certificate. Estimate: $2,000-$2,500

Very choice, bold and 100% full date due to poor centering (but bold cross still nearly full), nice and nearly full shield, top grade (high Mint State), with luster and light toning. From the Spanish 1715 Fleet, eastern coast of Florida. Estimate: $3,000-$3,500

30. 2 escudos, 1734(M). S-B26, CT-370, KM-17.2; 6.8 grams. Perfectly bold four-digit date, nice full shield and cross and tressure (well centered), nearly full crown, part of king’s name in legend, lightly toned XF. Estimate: $2,600-$3,000 31. 2 escudos, 1740(M), mintmark •F• to left. S-B26, CT-376, KM-17.2; 6.7 grams. Weak but certain 40 of date, bold mintmark F and king’s ordinal V, full but partially flat shield and cross, lightly toned AXF with sediment in crevices. Estimate: $1,800-$2,200

Seville, Spain

27. 2 escudos, Philip IV, assayer not visible, mintmark •N•R• to right. S-B21, CT-Type 34, KM-4.1; 6.7 grams. Broad planchet with bold and nearly full but off-center shield and cross, full mintmark, king’s name PHILIPPVS, Mint State with lots of coral in crevices on cross side. From the Maravillas, sunk in 1656 off Grand Bahama Island. Estimate: $1,800-$2,200 28. 2 escudos, posthumous Charles II, no assayer. S-

32. 2 escudos, 15(89-91), assayer Gothic P. CT-Type 45, Cay-Type 76; 6.7 grams. Beautifully red-toned XF+ with full and bold S-II-Gothic P to left, 15(??) date to right of full shield, good full cross, minor flat spots near edge. Estimate: $1,300-$1,700

B24, CT-Type 4 (under Charles III of Austria), KM-14.2; 6.7 grams. Very uneven planchet, with only about half the

shield and cross (otherwise flat), bold CA of king’s name, edge-split, lustrous Mint State. From the Spanish 1715 Fleet, each coast of Florida, with Fisher photo-certificate #3109. Estimate: $1,500-$2,000

33. 2 escudos, 1595(B). CT-71, Cay-4131; 6.8 grams. Broad-planchet XF+ with full 1595 date to right of full shield, choice full cross, peripheral flatness, golden yellow with red highlights. Estimate: $1,500-$2,000

29. 2 escudos, 1712, no assayer, slabbed PCGS MS62. S-B24, CT-14 (under Charles III Pretender), KM-14.2. 32

GOLD COINS Bolivia 34. 2 escudos, 1619G. CT-33, Cay-5008; 6.7 grams. Small, thick planchet with bold full S-G to left above king’s ordinal III in legend, full 16 and bottom half of 19 of date (clear), good full cross and nearly full shield, XF with reddish toning. Estimate: $1,300-$1,700 35. 2 escudos, Philip III, assayer G. CT-Type 15, CayType 81; 6.7 grams. Very small flan (but proper weight), with full S-G but only half the shield and even less of the cross, VF. Estimate: $500-$750

38. Potosí, bust 8 escudos, Charles IV, 1798PP. CT92, KM-81; 27.0 grams. Beautifully red-toned and problem-free XF with slightly weak bust. Pedigreed to the Coin Galleries auction of July, 2004, with lot tag. Estimate: $1,000-$1,500

Chile 36. 2 escudos, (16)22, assayer not visible. CT-120a, Cay-Type 122; 6.7 grams. Broad and odd-shaped planchet with beautiful full shield, nearly full cross, flat near the edge, lovely butter-yellow gold, nearly AU. Estimate: $1,200-$1,700

37. 1 escudo, Charles-Joanna, assayer Gothic P to left, mintmark S to right. CT-43, Cay-3148; 3.4 grams. Typically broad, thin flan, with nearly full legends (full bold KAROLVS) and perfect inner details, lustrous XF+ with hints of toning. Estimate: $900-$1,200

Any questions? Please email Dan at info@sedwickcoins.com or call (407) 975-3325.

39. Santiago, bust 8 escudos, Charles IV (bust of Charles III), 1799DA. CT-136, KM-54; 26.9 grams. Lustrous XF+, once lightly cleaned, with minute adjustment marks on shield, no big problems (like laminations or edge-nicks). Pedigreed to the Coin Galleries auction of December, 2004, with lot tag. Estimate: $1,000$1,500

Colombia

40. Bogotá, bust 8 escudos, Charles IV, 1801JJ. CT116, KM-62.1; 27.0 grams. Highly lustrous AXF, very slightly crude in strike (as usual). Pedigreed to the Stack’s auction of December, 2001, with lot tag. Estimate: $800$1,100 33

gold coins, effectively the first gold coins ever used in America. With John DeBry photo-certificate and Armstrong book and Numismatic News issue of 12/6/05 that contains a brief article about and photo of this coin. Estimate: $5,000-

$7,000

Great Britain 41. Popayán, bust 8 escudos, Charles IV, 1806JF. CT-79, KM-62.2; 27.0 grams. Lustrous and well-struck XF with red toning in legends, slightly irregular edge (as made). Pedigreed to the Coin Galleries auction of July, 2004, with lot tag. Estimate: $900-$1,200

France

42. Rouen, ecu d’or, Charles IX, 1565, highly important as officially the earliest example of a gold coin used and lost in North America. Fr-378; 3.3 grams. Typically thin planchet with all details clear, XF or better, with hints of red toning. In the early to mid1560s the French king Charles IX enlisted Captain Jean Ribualt and a crew of Huguenots to journey to Florida and stake a claim there for France, ahead of the Spanish. The French colony, technically the first European settlement in what is now the continental United States, was situated on the banks of the St. Johns River near the east coast of Florida. (The Spanish city of St. Augustine, which went on to become the oldest permanent settlement in the United States, was to the north). The Spanish, under Admiral Pedro Menendez de Aviles, immediately took action to remove the interlopers and ended up massacring the French and destroying their hopes for a foothold in Florida. There is ample reference material on the history (in particular the book French Castaways at Old Cape Canaveral by Douglas R. Armstrong), but significant to us is the mention that Ribault’s men offered Menendez a payoff of “fifty thousand ducats of gold” to allow them to escape, which was refused. The gold was never found. In 1971, however, a party of treasure-hunters (including Bill Sauerwalt and Lou Ullian) found some remains of the 16th-century French presence in Florida, including a few French

43. London, England, sovereign, Victoria (young head), 1861. Sp-3852D, KM-736.1; 8.0 grams. Typical Mint State (or thereabouts) with minor contact marks, somewhat lustrous. From the Douro, sunk in 1882 off Cape Finisterre, Spain. Estimate: $275-$350 44. London, England, sovereign, Victoria (young head), 1865. Sp-3853, KM-736.2; 8.0 grams. Typical Mint State (or thereabouts) with minor contact marks, somewhat lustrous. From the Douro, sunk in 1882 off Cape Finisterre, Spain. Estimate: $275-$350

45. London, England, sovereign, Victoria (young head), 1871. Sp-3853B, KM-752; 8.0 grams. Typical Mint State (or thereabouts) with minor contact marks, somewhat lustrous. From the Douro, sunk in 1882 off Cape Finisterre, Spain. Estimate: $275-$350 46. London, England, sovereign, Victoria (young head), 1872. Sp-3853B, KM-752, 8.0 grams. Typical Mint State (or thereabouts) with minor contact marks, somewhat lustrous. From the Douro, sunk in 1882 off Cape Finisterre, Spain. Estimate: $275-$350

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Spain

47. London, England, sovereign, Edward VII, 1910. Sp-3969; 8.0 grams. Lustrous AU+ (just a few trivial marks) with a curious spot of orange encrustation on reverse, but more valuable for its original promotional packaging from 1932, a later-date (and different king) specimen of which sold in our last auction for $850!

49. Seville, double excelente, Ferdinand-Isabel (1474-1504), mintmark ermine. CT-64, Cay-2923a; 6.9 grams. Nice portraits and shield and eagleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s head, broad planchet with lots of legend (albeit doubled on the obverse), XF with sediment in crevices. Estimate: $1,500-$2,000

From the Egypt, sunk in 1922 off Ushant, France, with custom leather box and enclosed small certificate dated 30th June, 1932, hand-signed by the Chairman of Lloydâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s of London.

Estimate: $500-$750

50. Madrid, bust 4 escudos, Ferdinand VII, 1820GJ, in gold necklace bezel. CT-105, Cay-16350; 17.1 grams (with bezel). Polished VF, undamaged except for where the bezel meets the edge, scarce issue. Estimate: $350-$500

Mexico 48. Mexico City, bust 8 escudos, Charles IV, 1805TH, XF/AU. CT-55. KM-159; 27.0 grams. Lustrous XF+ or even AU with weak centers, no problems, hint of red toning. Pedigreed to the Richard A. Long auction of April 15, 2002. Estimate: $1,000-$1,500

Please send your bids to our special email bidding address: treasurebids@gmail.com

SHIPWRECK INGOTS GOLD “Golden Fleece wreck,” sunk ca. 1550 in the northern Caribbean

51. Small cut gold “coin,” fineness XIX: (19½K). 14.2 grams, approx. 3/4" x 5/8" x 1/8". From this wreck we have seen many “finger bars” (gold ingots), which were cut down to make small, coin-like pieces as needed, effectively the first gold “coins” made in the Americas. Each piece was cut so that the original fineness marking could be seen, eliminating the need for another assay and giving some sort of official approval to the erstwhile coin. This piece, one of the smallest found, has approximately the same pure-gold weight as a 4 escudos. The chisel cuts on both ends are nearly clean, with a minimum of breaking required to separate this “coin” from its original cast bar. With Sedwick photo-certificate. Estimate: $3,750-$5,250

Espadarte, sunk in 1558 off Mozambique

52. Small gold piece. 43 grams, about 1" radius and almost 1/4" thick in center. A thick, heavy, chunky “pancake” of gold, its flatter side adorned with patches of gray and white coral. With Arqueonautas certificate #IDM-002/02/853. Estimate: $3,500-$5,000

54. Small gold piece. 19 grams, about 3/4" radius and 1/4" thick. Flattened sphere with small void near edge, no encrustation. With Arqueonautas certificate #IDM-002/02/ 1004. Estimate: $1,500-$2,250 55. Small gold piece. 19 grams, roughly 1" x 7/8" x 1/4". Irregular lump with white and gray encrustation in crevices. With Arqueonautas certificate #IDM-002/02/1009. Estimate: $1,500-$2,250

56. Small gold piece. 16 grams, about 1-1/8" x 3/4" x 3/16". Approximately one-third cut of a small disk, with coral on the cut sides, gray color. With Arqueonautas certificate #IDM-002/02/951. Estimate: $1,200-$1,800

57. Small gold piece. 14 grams, about 1-1/4" x 1/2" x 3/16". Peanut-shaped and very gray in color due to encrustation. With Arqueonautas certificate #IDM-002/02/ 982. Estimate: $1,000-$1,500 58. Small gold piece. 12 grams, about 11/16" radius and 3/ 16" thick. Round “pancake,” fairly smooth, with some encrustation. With Arqueonautas certificate #IDM-002/02/ 1035. Estimate: $900-$1,350

53. Small gold piece. 32 grams, approx. 1-1/4" x 7/8" x 1/ 8". Odd shape (basically an unfinished round puddle), smooth on top, minimal encrustation. With Arqueonautas certificate #IDM-002/02/1039. Estimate: $2,500-$3,750

59. Small gold piece. 11 grams, roughly 7/8" x 3/8" x 1/4". Very irregular nugget with whitish encrustation. With Arqueonautas certificate #IDM-002/02/1012.

Estimate: $850-$1,250 36

67. Small gold piece. 7 grams, about 1/2" x 7/16" x 1/4". Rectangular lump with rough surfaces lightly coated with bits of gray. With Arqueonautas certificate #IDM-002/ 02/961. Estimate: $550-$850

60. Small gold piece. 10 grams, about 5/8" x 1/2" x 3/16". Roundish lump, uneven surface with sheen of encrustation, stress fracture on one side. With Arqueonautas certificate #IDM-002/02/1003. Estimate: $800-$1,200 61. Small gold piece. 10 grams, about 7/8" x 5/8" x 3/16". Approximately one-third cut of a small disk, with coral on the cut sides, stress crack on one side. With Arqueonautas certificate #IDM-002/02/931. Estimate: $800$1,200

62. Small gold piece. 8 grams, about 5/8" radius and 1/8" thick. Round “pancake” with piece of edge cut away and void in metal at cut. With Arqueonautas certificate #IDM-002/02/932. Estimate: $650-$975

68. Small gold piece. 7 grams, about 1/2" radius and 3/16" thick. Approximately 1/4-cut of a small disk, with whitish encrustation on the cut edges. With Arqueonautas certificate #IDM-002/02/968. Estimate: $550-$850 69. Small gold piece. 7 grams, about 5/8" x 5/16" x 3/16". Irregular lump with rough surfaces harboring bits of encrustation. With Arqueonautas certificate #IDM-002/02/ 1107. Estimate: $550-$850

70. Small gold piece. 6 grams, about 3/4" x 1/2" x 1/8". Natural nugget (irregular shape) with one piece chiseled off, bits of encrustation here and there. With Arqueonautas certificate #IDM-002/02/1005. Estimate: $500-$750

63. Small gold piece. 8 grams, about 13/16" x 7/16" x 1/8". Ovoid lump with irregular surfaces. With Arqueonautas certificate #IDM-002/02/1007. Estimate: $600-$900

71. Small gold piece. 6 grams, about 1/2" radius and 1/4" thick. Approximately 1/6-cut of a thick “pancake,” one of the cut edges adorned with white coral. With Arqueonautas certificate #IDM-002/02/1032. Estimate: $475-$700

64. Small gold piece. 8 grams, about 5/8" x 7/16" x 1/4". Gourd-shaped droplet, very irregular in shape, with patches of white coral. With Arqueonautas certificate #IDM002/02/1014. Estimate: $600-$900 65. Small gold piece. 8 grams, about 5/8" x 1/2" x 1/4". Odd-shaped lump with one smooth side and one side very uneven, the former with several stress cracks and the latter with encrustation. With Arqueonautas certificate #IDM-002/02/1116. Estimate: $600-$900

72. Small gold piece. 5 grams, about 1/4" radius and 1/4" thick. A half-cut of a sphere, with red and gray encrustation on surfaces. With Arqueonautas certificate #IDM-002/02/966. Estimate: $400-$600 73. Small gold piece. 4 grams, about 3/4" x 1/ 4" x 1/8". Very irregular lump with black encrustation all over. With Arqueonautas certificate #IDM-002/02/862. Estimate: $350$500 74. Small gold piece. 2 grams, about 1/4" square and less than 1/8" thick. Small, squarish cut from a “pancake” with bits of encrustation. With Arqueonautas certificate #IDM-002/02/1031. Estimate: $200-$300

66. Small gold piece. 7 grams, about 1/2" radius and 1/4" thick. About 1/6-cut pie-wedge, the two cuts with light red toning. With Arqueonautas certificate #IDM-002/02/855. Estimate: $550-$850 37

S.S. Central America, sunk in 1857 in deep water off North Carolina

75. Box of placer gold. Approx. 20 grams. This is a rare “raw” box of gold dust, as most of its brethren from this wreck were sold piecemeal in promotional packages (see the next three lots, for example), which could happen to this lot eventually! The small flakes are all sealed inside a clear hard-plastic box (about 2" x 2") that bears the original Sotheby’s auction-lot sticker on top, and it also comes with a blue cloth drawstring bag printed with SOTHEBY’S. With Sotheby’s auction sticker and bag. Estimate: $1,250$1,750 76. Pinch of gold dust, officially encapsulated, with wooden presentation box. 1.5 grams. This is a promotional package, but in effect it is the only affordable way to get a piece of this well-known shipwreck, and at least it is something valuable: gold! In addition to the many gold coins, this ship was carrying quite a lot of gold nuggets and dust, straight from the panners in California known as “49ers”! The gold dust is safely contained in a typical plastic “slab” from PCGS printed with “California Gold Rush / Pinch 1.5 grams / S.S. Central America 1857” inside. Housed in a 10" x 4½” x 3¼” wooden box with sliding lid imprinted with “DESTINATION: NEW YORK” containing a small booklet and certificate #5333 (also with unapplied foil seal for the outside). Estimate: $200-$250

77. Gold nugget inside 1 oz. silver medal, officially encapsulated by Global Certification Services, Inc. Medal about 1½” in diameter, gold about 1/8". Interesting promotional item with small bit of placer gold displayed in the pan of a Gold Rush panner depicted on a silver medallion that says “SS CENTRAL AMERICA GOLD” and “California Gold Rush” on the front and shows the ship underway with “SS CENTRAL AMERICA 1857” at top and “SHIP OF GOLD” at bottom on the back, plus a brief history of the California Gold Rush and the shipwreck printed inside the capsule, the medallion a perfect proof but the gold itself just a round dot. Estimate: $100-$150

78. Gold nugget inside ¼ oz. silver medal, officially encapsulated by Global Certification Services, Inc. Medal about 1" in diameter, gold about 1/16". As above but with “49er GOLD FROM THE SS CENTRAL AMERICA” on front and different picture (sinking scene) on the back, both the medal and gold smaller (the gold piece irregular in shape), same capsule. Estimate: $75-$100 38

SILVER

“Tumbaga wreck,” sunk ca. 1528 off Grand Bahama Island

79. Big, flat, rectangular bar #M-133. About 15" x 7" x ½”, 13.82 lb. One of the biggest and most impressive of the “tumbaga” ingots, with FULL assayer-mark INo/DeCBA (which seems the most likely of all the marks to be deciphered and attributed to a known assayer) plus two partial tax stamps plus fineness (?) YB13 and iUB (1500?) on marked side, a few small chips in the edge (one of which could be the assayer’s “bite,” whereby he got paid for his services) but otherwise in great shape and quite presentable. Photographed in Armstrong’s book and pedigreed to the Michael Goldston collection. Estimate: $5,000-$7,000

80. Large, round disc #M-96. 8" in diameter and 2" thick in the middle, 18.03 lb. Massive hemisphere of silver with nearly full tax stamp and part of another next to bold fineness marking IULXVI (1066) below assayer MS (a relatively scarce mark on these bars) on the rounded side, the flat side a wonderful terrain of bubble holes and ripples, no sign of an assayerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s bite anywhere. Photographed in Armstrongâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s book and pedigreed to the Michael Goldston collection. Estimate: $5,000-$7,000

81. Neat, flat, rectangular bar #M-105. About 12½” x 4" x ½”, 7.92 lb. Most of the topside is smooth and features a full assayer B~Vo next to serial number (?) R C above fineness IVCCL (1250) plus two partial tax stamps, very grainy texture on other side of bar, clean square-cut bite in one corner, lots of dark toning. Pedigreed to the Michael Goldston collection. Estimate: $4,000-$5,500

82. Neat, flat, rectangular bar #M-106. About 12½” x 4" x ½”, 6.51 lb. A mold-mate to the last lot, with the same markings (but even more complete and bolder) except the fineness, which is IVCCLXXX (1280), same texture and similar bite in corner, some toning. Pedigreed to the Michael Goldston collection. Estimate: $4,000-$5,500

83. Typical flat, rectangular bar #M-115. About 10" x 3½” x 3/4", 7.08 lb. Probably the most common shape in the shipment (mold mate to several others), with two different sets of assayers and finenesses (IVIIII with boxes above and below for 1400 in one place, YB13 and S and iUB for 1500 in another), two partial tax stamps, neat diagonal bite in corner, striated texture on top and dimpled “basketball” texture on bottom, some toning. Photographed in Armstrong’s book and pedigreed to the Michael Goldston collection. Estimate: $4,000-$5,500

84. Typical flat, rectangular bar #M-119. About 10" x 3½” x 3/4", 7.62 lb. Mold mate to last lot (common shape), with old fineness curiously erased next to bold markings YB13 and S and IUIIIIXXV (1425), one partial tax stamp, neat diagonal bite in corner, similar texture to last but no toning. Photographed in Armstrong’s book and pedigreed to the Michael Goldston collection. Estimate: $4,000-$5,500

85. Typical flat, rectangular bar #M-125. About 11½” x 3-3/4" x ½”, 6.43 lb. A very clean and neat bar with bold markings for assayer B~Vo, serial number (?) RC and fineness iVeLX (1560) plus two partial tax stamps on smooth topside, crude but distinct bite in corner, no toning. Pedigreed to the Michael Goldston collection. Estimate: $4,000-$5,500

86. Long, rectangular bar #M-92. 13-3/4" x 3¼” x 3/4", 8.07 lb. Narrow ingot with rippled texture on top, grainy dimpled “basketball” bottom with two sets of markings: iVIIXL with boxes (1240 fineness) to left and RC, B~Vo, and IVCCCLX (1360 fineness) to right, two partial tax stamps (one on top and one on bottom), crude diagonal bite in corner, some toning. Pedigreed to the Michael Goldston collection. Estimate: $4,000-$5,500

87. Flat, rectangular bar #M-137. About 13" x 3-3/4" x 3/8", 4.86 lb. Curious bar with rough, unmarked top but mostly smooth bottom with several bubble-pits and hammered spots in addition to markings YB13 iUB (1500 fineness) and partial tax stamp, clean diagonal bite in corner, interestingly fractured nearly in half in the center (seems to be stable now). Estimate: $3,000-$4,000

88. Typical flat, rectangular bar #M-114. About 10" x 3½” x 3/4", 6.74 lb. Another mold mate with #M-115, with mostly smooth top with striations near edge and two partial tax stamps, rough bottom with IVIIILXX and boxes (1370 fineness), neat diagonal bite in corner, very darkly toned all over. Photographed in Armstrong’s book and pedigreed to the Michael Goldston collection. Estimate: $3,000-$4,000 89. Small, flat brick #M-19. About 7" x 3" x 3/4", 5.25 lb. A typical shape for most of the smaller bars in the shipment, very neatly formed, with rough-textured top but relatively smooth bottom with markings RC, B~Vo and 9CCCCLXX (970 fineness, which seems impossible since it is very silvery in color) and two partial tax stamps, neat diagonal bite in corner, no toning. Pedigreed to the Michael Goldston collection. Estimate: $3,000$4,000

90. Small, flat brick #M-51. About 7" x 3" x 3/4", 5.23 lb. Same shape as last lot, with very bold and full markings RC, B~Vo and iVCLX (1160 fineness) on top, very clear tax stamp (about half of it) on the bottom, relatively smooth surfaces with pronounced craters, lightly toned. Photographed in Armstrong’s book and pedigreed to the Michael Goldston collection. Estimate: $3,000-$4,000 91. Typical flat, rectangular bar #M-59. About 10" x 3½” x 3/4", 6.55 lb. The usual shape and size, rough-textured, with two partial tax stamps on top and fineness iV@XXX with boxes (1530) on bottom, diagonal bite in corner, some toning. Pedigreed to the Michael Goldston collection. Estimate: $3,000-$4,000

92. Wide, flat, rectangular bar #M-63. About 9¼” x 4" x ½”, 4.59 lb. Clean bar with smooth top that features a bold fineness marking IVIIIILXXX and boxes (1480) plus one partial tax stamp, slightly rough bottom with thin “snail tracks” that could have been from strings used to lift out the bar from the mold (?), clean diagonal bite in corner, toned at edge only. Photographed in Armstrong’s book and pedigreed to the Michael Goldston collection. Estimate: $3,000-$4,000 52

SHIPWRECK COINS (all silver except where noted) “Golden Fleece wreck,” sunk ca. 1550 in the northern Caribbean

spots of dark toning against an even gray color. Estimate: $325-$475

“Rill Cove wreck,” sunk ca. 1618 off Cornwall, England

93. Mexico City, Mexico, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, “Late Series,” mintmark M to left, assayer G to right. S-M5a, KM-18; 12.9 grams. Very broad planchet with full legends and inner details, minimal corrosion but some flat areas and uneven toning. Estimate: $350-$500

96. Mexico City, Mexico, cob 8 reales, Philip II or III, assayer F. 19.8 grams. Bold (o)MF to left, denomination 8 to right, bold full shield and cross, moderate corrosion and dark toning, two edge-splits. With Atlantic Treasure Coins photo-certificate. Estimate: $250-$375

Unidentified mid-1500s wreck off the east coast of Florida

94. Mexico City, Mexico, 2 reales, Charles-Joanna, “Late Series,” assayer G to left, mintmark M to right. S-M5a, KM-12; 4.5 grams. Dark brown all over with bits of orange (uncleaned), full details underneath but with spots of flatness, much legend. Estimate: $100-$150

97. Mexico City, Mexico, cob 8 reales, Philip II or III, assayer F. 16.0 grams. Bold assayer F, full shield and cross, moderate corrosion, darkly toned. With Atlantic Treasure Coins photo-certificate. Estimate: $150$225

Spanish 1554 Fleet, sunk off Padre Island, Texas

98. Mexico City, Mexico, cob 8 reales, Philip II or III, assayer not visible. 19.5 grams. Round planchet with full shield, nearly full cross, corroded and dark. With Atlantic Treasure Coins photo-certificate. Estimate: $200-$300

95. Mexico City, Mexico, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, “Late Series,” assayer G to left, mintmark M to right. S-M5a, KM-18; 9.1 grams. Very broad planchet with full legends and inner details, light corrosion and 53

Atocha, sunk in 1622 west of Key West, Florida Mexico City, Mexico

99. Mexico City, Mexico, cob 8 reales, Philip II or III, assayer not visible. 20.4 grams. Nice full shield with bold mintmark M to left (no sign of the assayer), full cross, moderate corrosion, not as dark as most. With Atlantic Treasure Coins photo-certificate. Estimate: $200-$300

100. Mexico City, Mexico, cob 4 reales, Philip II or III, assayer not visible. 11.4 grams. Excellent full cross and nice full shield, corroded around the edge, patches of dark toning. With Atlantic Treasure Coins photo-certificate. Estimate: $325-$475

101. Granada, Spain, cob 2 reales, Philip III, assayer M. CT-Type 82, Cay-Type 58a; 2.8 grams. Full shield with denomination II to left and M-G to right, good full cross, thin from corrosion, darkly toned. Estimate: $90-$120

103. Cob 4 reales, 1607/GRATIA, assayer not visible (F), extremely rare, Grade 1. S-M15, CTunlisted (cf. 232), KM-unlisted (cf. 37.2); 14.1 grams. Very bold full 1607 date clearly punched over the word GRATIA (rare first dated issue), nearly full shield and cross despite flatness, no corrosion, actually overweight. With Fisher certificate #136647. Estimate: $1,500$2,000

104. Cob 1 real, Philip II, assayer not visible, Grade 1, extremely rare denomination for this wreck. 3.2 grams. Typically broad and thin planchet with choice full cross, full shield, bold mintmark oM, no corrosion but some flatness, brightly polished like all Atocha coins after the initial finds (up to 1985). With Fisher certificate #95A-2426. Estimate: $2,000-$2,500

PotosĂ, Bolivia

102. Seville, Spain, cob 2 reales, (1)605(B). CT-295, Cay-4602; 3.0 grams. Very thin from corrosion but still round and with most of shield and all of cross visible in addition to the bottom half of the date, all of mintmark S and half of assayer B. Estimate: $100$150

Any questions? Please email Dan at info@sedwickcoins.com or call (407) 975-3325.

105. Cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer A, Grade 2. SP11, CT-258, KM-5.1; 23.7 grams. Good full cross and shield, weak but certain assayer, full denomination oVIII, light corrosion near edge only, some toning. With Fisher certificate #91567. Estimate: $600-$800 54

106. Cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer R (curved leg), Grade 2. S-P15, CT-Type 54, KM-10; 23.4 grams. Bold full cross, full but corroded shield, weak assayer, brightly cleaned (recent certification). With Fisher certificate #SR2673. Estimate: $250-$350

107. Cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer R (curved leg), certificate missing but replaceable. S-P15, CT-Type 54, KM-10, 20.5 grams. Full but corroded cross and shield, full denomination o-VIII, lots of toning. With Fisher tag #171267. Estimate: $150-$225

108. Cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer Q, Grade 2. SP17, CT-151, KM-10; 21.6 grams. Bold full cross, full shield, oddly â&#x20AC;&#x153;pickledâ&#x20AC;? surfaces (recent certification) but not much corrosion. With Fisher certificate #SR2654. Estimate: $225-$325

109. Cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer Q, Grade 2. SP17, CT-151, KM-10; 23.8 grams. Clear P-Q to left of full shield, nearly full but off-center cross, moderate corrosion, brightly cleaned (recent certification). With Fisher certificate #SR2804. Estimate: $200-$300

110. Cob 8 reales, (16)17(M), Grade 2. S-P19, CT-157, KM-10; 22.1 grams. Bold 17 date above full but flat cross, full but lightly corroded shield with lots of legend, nice gray toning, broad planchet. With Fisher certificate #222343. Estimate: $550-$775

111. Cob 8 reales, (1618)PAL, Grade 1. S-P20, CT-158, KM-10; 26.8 grams. Totally uncorroded, with choice full shield and cross, faint but certain PAL assayer (rare), full denomination O-VIII, attractively toned, hard to tell it ever came from the sea! With Fisher certificate #237568. Estimate: $900-$1,200

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112. Cob 8 reales, (1618)T/PAL, Grade 3. S-P21, CT160, KM-10; 22.6 grams. Bold mintmark-assayer with the small, fat T plainly punched over the former PAL monogram (rare) to left of full shield below most of crown, nearly full cross with edge heavily corroded (hence the Grade 3). With Fisher certificate #236612. Estimate: $600-$800

113. Cob 8 reales, (161)8, assayer not visible, Grade 2. KM-10; 23.9 grams. Full cross with bottom half of 8 of date, full but off-center shield with clear denomination o-VIII, light corrosion only, brightly cleaned (recent certification). With Fisher certificate #SR3001. Estimate: $250-$350

115. Cob 8 reales, (16)20T, mintmark â&#x20AC;&#x153;qâ&#x20AC;?, quadrants of cross transposed, Grade 2. S-P21, CT163b, KM-10; 22.3 grams. Choice obverse with full shield, bold T, full HYSPANYARVM with backwards P (as is also the mintmark), full cross with bold full 20 of date but some corrosion, odd-shaped planchet. With Fisher certificate #104132. Estimate: $550-$775

116. Cob 8 reales, (16)20T, Grade 3. S-P21, CT-163, KM-10; 19.7 grams. Bold 20 of date, good cross, bold P+T but about 1/4 of planchet corroded away, dark tone. With Fisher certificate #119140. Estimate: $350$500

117. Cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer T, Grade 2. SSolid planchet with full shield and cross and assayer and denomination, lightly corroded all over. With Fisher certificate #196732. Estimate: $225-$325 P21, CT-Type 57, KM-10; 22.9 grams.

114. Cob 8 reales, 1620T, Grade 1. S-P21, CT-163, KM10; 26.2 grams. Choice full shield and cross, clear bottoms of digits of date, bold assayer T, much legend, some wear but practically no corrosion. With Fisher certificate #205049. Estimate: $750-$1,000

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Cartagena, Colombia

118. Cob 4 reales, “7161” (1617 date backwards, unique error), assayer M, Grade 2. S-P19, CT-unlisted (cf. 253), KM-unlisted (cf. 9); 12.8 grams. Extremely curious date with the digits punched into the die in reverse order, among the many engraving errors that plagued this period (not to mention that it was their first experience with dates on these coins). Also an oddshaped planchet, but well preserved (no corrosion) and with full shield and cross (should be Grade 1), lightly toned. With Fisher certificate #161218. Estimate: $500$750

119. Cob 4 reales, (1618)T/PAL, Grade 1. S-P21, CTunlisted (cf. 253b), KM-unlisted (cf. 9); 13.1 grams. Very choice Grade 1 (100% corrosion-free) with very bold mintmark-assayer that shows the fat T punched over the PAL monogram (rare), nice full cross and shield. With Fisher certificate #42456. Estimate: $1,200-$1,600

120. Cob 4 reales, Philip III or IV, assayer T, rotated-4 denomination (with o above), Grade 1. 13.1 grams. Full and bold rotated-4 denomination (rare error), full shield, doubled cross, crude edge (as made), no corrosion. With Fisher certificate #151685. Estimate: $700-$1,000

121. Cob 8 reales, (162)1A, extremely rare first date of issue, “Pearson” specimen, first ever offered at auction, Grade 1. S-C2, CT-unlisted, KM-unlisted; 23.3 grams. Huge planchet with choice full shield with bold assayer A to right, full but slightly doubled cross with very clear and full 1 of date at top, practically no corrosion but two edge-splits. Up until just a few years ago, it was believed that 1622 had to be the first date of silver production in Colombia, even though known documents indicated commencement in 1621. Specimens from the 1622-Fleet salvages seemed to confirm the 1622 first date, especially since the first gold coins were dated 1622 as well. A couple 8R with what appeared to be a 1 for the last digit were either ignored or explained away. But in 2005 an article by Samuel Zucker in Coin World proved, once and for all, that at least three of these 1621 8R existed, and they had die details that differed from the 1622’s (for example, no pomegranate in the shield). This present specimen (attributed to its original owner, Bill Pearson) is arguably the best known and has the distinction of being the first ever offered at auction as a 1621. With Fisher certificate #CH9-81-90891. Estimate: $13,000-$18,000

122. Cob 8 reales, 1622A, rare, Grade 3. S-C2, CT112a, KM-3.2; 22.2 grams. Full shield (with pomegranate in middle) and cross, clear assayer A and 22 of date, solid and with not much corrosion but slightly warped (should be Grade 2). With Fisher certificate #109169. Estimate: $2,500-$3,750 57

“Dry Tortugas wreck,” sunk ca. 1622 off the Dry Tortugas, west of Key West, Florida 123. Cob 8 reales, (1622)A, rare, Grade 2. S-C2, CT112a, KM-3.2; 22.1 grams. Solid, round planchet with full shield and cross (some weak strike but not much corrosion), clear assayer A, bits of legend, possibly same dies as last lot. With Fisher certificate #109148. Estimate: $2,000-$3,000

Seville, Spain

124. Cob 4 reales, 162(?)G, misattributed to Colombia on certificate, Grade 3. CT-Type 71, CayType 64; 11.6 grams. Full shield, most of cross, bold 162 of date, weak but certain assayer G, light corrosion only but much peripheral flatness, solid planchet, darkly toned. With Fisher certificate #237586. Estimate: $250-$375

126. Cartagena, Colombia, cob 8 reales, 162(2)(A), rare. S-C2, CT-112a, KM-3.2; 10.6 grams. Nearly full but corroded shield (hard to tell if there is a pomegranate or not), most of cross (doubled) with bold 162 and bottom of last digit of date (small chance it is a 1621 and not 1622), thin and misshapen from corrosion but with enough detail to prove its rarity. With Seahawk certificate #2538.0009. Estimate: $750-$1,000

“Lucayan Beach wreck,” sunk ca. 1628 off Grand Bahama Island

Santa Margarita, sunk in 1622 west of Key West, Florida

125. Potosí, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, 1619(T), full date, Grade 4. S-P21, CT-162, KM-10; 14.9 grams. 100% full and bold date, nearly full but off-center cross, practically no corrosion due to corrosion, which has also removed part of the edge. With Fisher certificate #8998. Estimate: $300-$400

127. Mexico, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer D. SM18a, CT-Type 92, KM-45; 26.9 grams. Oval shape with nearly full shield and cross, bold D but weak oM, richly toned all over and 100% corrosion-free (Fine for wear), desirable packaging from a 1960s promotion. With Spink box and original certificate. Estimate: $250$375 58

128. Mexico, cob 4 reales, 162(?)D. 10.5 grams. Very off-center shield with full oMD, part of date, nearly full but corroded cross, dark tone. Estimate: $75-$125

Capitana (Jesús María de la Limpia Concepción), sunk in 1654 off Chanduy, Ecuador Potosí, Bolivia Shield-type cob

Concepción, sunk in 1641 off the northeast coast of Hispaniola

130. 8 reales, 1650O, with rare crown-alone countermark, slabbed PCGS VF-30. S-P35 (c/m 14), CT-521j, KM-C19.14. Huge flan with full inner details (cross and shield) plus much legend and full crown, full but doubled date, nicely toned and corrosion-free (small edge-split), rare and desirable for its full countermark, which is not the common crown-alone but one of several near-unique ones (this one apparently unlisted by Ullian). Estimate: $400-$600 1652 transitional cob 129. Group of eight fragments of 8R and 4R cobs. Ranging from 6.4 to 15.7 grams each, 82 grams total. Very curious coins in that each of them has some areas of good detail interspersed among huge holes where the corrosion ate all the way through the coin, appears to be five 8R and three 4R, all properly cleaned and still useful (not complete throwaways). With certificate. Estimate: $100-$150

131. 4 reales, 1652(E), Type II. S-P37, CT-unlisted, KMunlisted, 9.6 grams. Choice full cross and tops of (offcenter) pillars with clear “backwards” 4 (actually just rotated) denomination twice, not much corrosion and lots of nice detail, rare and interesting transitional Type. With Herman Moro certificate. Estimate: $500-$700

Any questions? Please email Dan at info@sedwickcoins.com or call (407) 975-3325. 59

Pillars-and-waves cobs

Maravillas, sunk in 1656 off Grand Bahama Island Potosí, Bolivia Shield-type cobs 132. 8 reales, 1653E, flat spots. S-P37a, CT-461, KM-21; 26.4 grams. Very solid coin (no corrosion) but with weak details (much flatness) and contrast, still with full cross and waves and date. Estimate: $150-$225

133. 8 reales, 1653?E, encapsulated by ACG. S-P37a, CT-461, KM-21; 12.9 grams. Weak and thin from wear and

135. 8 reales, 165(0)O (modern 5), crowned-G countermark. S-P35 (countermark 9), CT-521j, KM-19b; 23.2 grams. Good full shield and cross, weak but certain date and countermark (which is rare), nice details since corrosion is all on the edge, lightly toned. Estimate: $250-$375

corrosion but still recognizable by cross and one pillar. Estimate: $75-$100

136. 8 reales, 1651O, with crowned-L countermark. S-P35, CT-521k, KM-19b; 23.4 grams. Choice full countermark, full date, broad planchet with full shield and cross, full •P•O•, well centered and with only very light corrosion (mostly around the edge), lightly toned. With Marex certificate. Estimate: $350-$500 134. Clump of six or seven silver cobs 8R plus one loose 8R from the same clump. Roughly 3½” x 2½” x 1½” and 328 grams (clump only), coin 14.3 grams. Lovely display of several puffy “biscuits” (totally encrusted silver 8R cobs) at all angles with lots of small shell bits and one earthenware shard, plus a thin 8R (Potosí, with crowned-F countermark on shield) that was partially cleaned and separated from the clump, all very dark gray in color with white encrustation, rare to see a clump from this wreck. Estimate: $1,000$1,500

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1652 transitional cob

Nuestra Señora Santa María de Quintanpalla, sunk ca. 1680 in Seville Harbor, Spain 137. 8 reales, 1652E, Type VII/A. S-P37, CT-457a, KMA20.6; 25.7 grams. Perfectly centered pillars side with particularly nice full crown and P-8-E, shield side also nice but off-center, minimal corrosion, solid and attractively toned all over. Estimate: $600-$900

Madrid, Spain 140. Potosí, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, 1665?E. S-P37a, CT476, KM-21; 16.8 grams. Full cross with one “broken” arm, some other details but mostly washed out from corrosion and wear, very thin. With TREASURESEARCH certificate. Estimate: $100-$150 138. Copper cob 8 maravedís, 1624, with typical countermarks, rare from this wreck. CT-1159, Cay5322; 7.9 grams. Solid specimen with clear mintmark MD and full date, the countermarks (“8” and “VIII” being the clearest) typically covering most of the rest of the coin, no corrosion but some very light sediment, first I have ever heard of from this wreck. With Bob Marx certificate. Estimate: $75-$110 141. Potosí, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, 166(?)E. 17.2 grams. Full cross and pillars, more solid than the above but date less certain and still quite corroded. With TREASURESEARCH certificate. Estimate: $100-$150

Vergulde Draeck (“Gilt Dragon”), sunk in 1656 off Western Australia

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139. Mexico City, Mexico, cob 8 reales, 165(?), assayer P. S-M19, CT-Type 92, KM-45; 26.7 grams. Very bold oMP next to full shield, good full cross on other side, solid and uncorroded, but with very dark tone, crude edge (as made). Estimate: $150-$225 61

Consolación (“Isla de Muerto shipwreck”), sunk in 1681 off Santa Clara Island, Ecuador (all cobs of Potosí, Bolivia) 145. 8 reales, 1671E. S-P37b, CT-303, KM-26; 23.8 grams. Bold E plus parts of the other two, one good pillar, most of cross and crown, but otherwise affected by corrosion. With ROBCAR certificate #3620. Estimate: $100-$150

142. 8 reales, 1652E, post-transitional (Type VIII/ B). S-P37a, CT-458, KM-21; 14.0 grams. Good cross and pillars, bold date and PH but thin from wear and corrosion. With ROBCAR certificate #3615. Estimate: $100-$150

146. 8 reales, 1676E. S-P37b, CT-308, KM-26; 19.8 grams. Very broad flan with two bold dates (full 1676 in legend), most of cross, CA- of king’s name, not much corrosion but some flatness. With ROBCAR certificate #3621. Estimate: $150-$225 143. 8 reales, 1659E. S-P37a, CT-468, KM-21; 21.6 grams. Bold full pillars-and-waves with two E’s and P’s, 9 of date in legend, third E on corroded cross side. With ROBCAR certificate #3617. Estimate: $75-$125

147. 8 reales, 1677E. S-P37b, CT-309, KM-26; 20.6 grams. Bold date below full cross, one choice pillar with very bold E and P, some flatness and corrosion. With ROBCAR certificate #3623. Estimate: $125-$175 144. 8 reales, 166(?)E. 18.4 grams. Thin from corrosion but with good full cross and pillars-and-waves, PHILof king’s name in legend. With ROBCAR certificate #3618. Estimate: $100-$150

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some flatness and wear/corrosion. With ROBCAR certificate #3624. Estimate: $100-$150

148. 8 reales, 1677E. S-P37b, CT-309, KM-26; 18.2 grams. Good full pillars-and-waves and cross, bold P and part of both others, light corrosion only but one edge-split and stress crack in flan. With ROBCAR certificate #3622. Estimate: $125-$175 152. 8 reales, 1678E. S-P37b, CT-310, KM-26; 22.2 grams. Bold pillars-and-waves, two assayers and mintmarks, 1Â˝ dates, not much corrosion but fraught with stress cracks (as made). With ROBCAR certificate #3628. Estimate: $100-$150 149. 8 reales, 1677E. S-P37b, CT-309, KM-26; 21.9 grams. Good pillars-and-waves, bold denomination 8, offcenter cross, some corrosion but mostly solid. With ROBCAR certificate #3658. Estimate: $100-$150

153. 8 reales, 1679C/E, rare. S-P38, CT-313, KM-26; 24.5 grams. Nearly full cross with date below, bold pillars-and-waves with clear C/E at upper right (much clearer than Paolettiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s example), some corrosion but not bad. With ROBCAR certificate #3648. Estimate: $200$300 150. 8 reales, 1678E. S-P37b, CT-310, KM-26; 15.3 grams. Great pillars-and-waves, full cross, two dates and assayers, thin from corrosion and wear but curiously slightly heart-shaped from edge-split opposite a point. With ROBCAR certificate #3627. Estimate: $100-$150

154. 8 reales, 1679C. S-P38, CT-312a, KM-26; 21.8 grams. Nice full date and assayer and mintmark, decent cross, some corrosion but most egregious flaw is two large edge-splits. With ROBCAR certificate #3636. Estimate: $125-$175

151. 8 reales, 1678E. S-P37b, CT-310, KM-26; 18.1 grams. One-and-a-half dates and two mintmarks, bold waves, 63

corrosion and wear. With ROBCAR certificate #3640. Estimate: $125-$175

155. 8 reales, 1679C. S-P38, CT-312a, KM-26; 22.5 grams. Another one with two large edge-splits, but this one also has three dates and good pillars-and-waves (some corrosion). With ROBCAR certificate #3647. Estimate: $125-$175 159. 8 reales, 1679C. S-P38, CT-312a, KM-26; 15.6 grams. Good full pillars-and-waves, three assayers and mintmarks, full crown, doubled cross, thin from corrosion. With ROBCAR certificate #3646. Estimate: $125-$175

156. 8 reales, 1679C. S-P38, CT-312a, KM-26; 15.0 grams. Thin from corrosion but with bold cross, three dates, two assayers, nice waves (doubled pillars), minor edge-split. With ROBCAR certificate #3641. Estimate: $125-$175 160. 8 reales, 1679C. S-P38, CT-312a, KM-26; 21.1 grams. Full pillars-and-waves, full but doubled cross, parts of three dates, two assayers, light pitting all over. With ROBCAR certificate #3645. Estimate: $125-$175

157. 8 reales, 1679C. S-P38, CT-312a, KM-26; 18.2 grams. Decent cross, two dates and assayers, bold waves, light corrosion, two small edge-splits. With ROBCAR certificate #3642. Estimate: $125-$175

161. 8 reales, 1679C. S-P38, CT-312a, KM-26; 21.4 grams. Bold cross and waves, one good pillar, two assayers and three mintmarks, somewhat corroded and misshapen. With ROBCAR certificate #3651. Estimate: $100-$150 158. 8 reales, 1679C. S-P38, CT-312a, KM-26; 17.8 grams. Full cross, bold date and one weaker, two mintmarks and assayers, no pitting but very smooth from 64

162. 8 reales, 1679V/C, scarce. S-P39, CT-unlisted (cf. 314), KM-unlisted (cf. 26); 19.3 grams. Very bold V/C (which was rare before this wreck was found) to right of doubled cross (bold 79 date below), full 1679 in legend and bold V on pillars side, much flatness and corrosion. With ROBCAR certificate #3633. Estimate: $125-$175

165. 8 reales, 1679V/C, scarce. S-P39, CT-unlisted (cf. 314), KM-unlisted (cf. 26); 17.7 grams. Full V/C on pillars side, two dates, full but doubled cross and pillars-andwaves, typical corrosion and wear. With ROBCAR certificate #3630. Estimate: $150-$225

166. 8 reales, 1679V/C, scarce. S-P39, CT-unlisted (cf. 314), KM-unlisted (cf. 26); 19.1 grams. Two bold V/Câ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s on 163. 8 reales, 1679V/C, scarce. S-P39, CT-unlisted (cf. 314), KM-unlisted (cf. 26); 20.5 grams. Very bold V/C on pillars side, 2Â˝ dates, good pillars, some corrosion and flatness, slightly crude edge. With ROBCAR certificate #3631. Estimate: $150-$225

pillars side, cross weak from flatness and corrosion, bold waves. With ROBCAR certificate #3629. Estimate: $125-$175

164. 8 reales, 1679V/C, scarce. S-P39, CT-unlisted (cf. 314), KM-unlisted (cf. 26); 20.1 grams. V/C to right of cross, nice full pillars, three dates, corroded. With ROBCAR certificate #3634. Estimate: $150-$225

167. 8 reales, 1679V/C, scarce. S-P39, CT-unlisted (cf. 314), KM-unlisted (cf. 26); 20.0 grams. Full V/C on pillars side, off-center cross, bold waves, doubled pillars, typical wear and corrosion. With ROBCAR certificate #3632. Estimate: $125-$175

corrosion. With ROBCAR certificate #3637. Estimate: $125-$175

168. 8 reales, 1679V. S-P39, CT-314, KM-26; 18.1 grams. Choice bold cross side with full CAROLVS II and date and assayer, full but heavily corroded pillars. With ROBCAR certificate #3638. Estimate: $200-$300

169. 8 reales, 1679V. S-P39, CT-314, KM-26; 23.6 grams. Very bold but corroded cross and pillars-and-waves with two dates and assayers, nice thick flan. With ROBCAR certificate #3644. Estimate: $150-$225

170. 8 reales, 1679V. S-P39, CT-314, KM-26; 23.4 grams. Large flan with edge-split, full cross and pillars, three dates, much flatness and typical corrosion. With ROBCAR certificate #3635. Estimate: $150-$225

171. 8 reales, 1679V. S-P39, CT-314, KM-26; 22.0 grams. Full cross and crown, one good pillar, two dates and assayers, full kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ordinal II, much flatness, typical

172. 8 reales, 1679V. S-P39, CT-314, KM-26; 20.0 grams. Good full pillars-and-waves (albeit corroded), full but corroded cross. With ROBCAR certificate #3643. Estimate: $100-$150

173. 8 reales, 1679V. S-P39, CT-314, KM-26; 22.7 grams. Full pillars and cross (both slightly doubled), three dates, some flatness and corrosion. With ROBCAR certificate #3649. Estimate: $100-$150

174. 8 reales, 1679V. S-P39, CT-314, KM-26; 21.9 grams. Bold waves, good full pillars, off-center cross, two mintmarks, flat areas. With ROBCAR certificate #3650. Estimate: $100-$150

175. 8 reales, 1679V. S-P39, CT-314, KM-26; 10.7 grams. Very thin and worn down from corrosion but with 66

decent cross and pillars and clear date and assayer. Estimate: $40-$60

176. 8 reales, 1680V. S-P39, CT-315, KM-26; 13.9 grams. Choice full pillars-and-waves with bold 1680 date in legend, full and bold cross with second date below and weak but full CAROLVS, but thin and corroded and with large edge-split. With ROBCAR certificate #3655. Estimate: $150-$225

179. 8 reales, 1680V. S-P39, CT-315, KM-26; 18.8 grams. Bold full cross and pillars, both well centered, some corrosion. With ROBCAR certificate #3653. Estimate: $100-$150

180. 8 reales, 1680V. S-P39, CT-315, KM-26; 19.7 grams. Nice full pillars-and-waves, two dates, bold (CAR)OLVS II, but with two edge-splits (one large and one small). With ROBCAR certificate #3654. Estimate: $100-$150 177. 8 reales, 1680V. S-P39, CT-315, KM-26; 16.9 grams. Broad, thin (from corrosion) planchet with good full cross and pillars-and-waves, two dates and assayers, bold (CA)ROLVS in legend. With ROBCAR certificate #3657. Estimate: $125-$175

181. 8 reales, 1680V. S-P39, CT-315, KM-26; 18.8 grams. Good but off-center cross with bold 80 date below, nice waves and one good pillar, somewhat corroded and with large edge-split. With ROBCAR certificate #3656. Estimate: $125-$175 178. 8 reales, 1680V. S-P39, CT-315, KM-26; 20.1 grams. Nice but slightly off-center pillars side with full crown, full but crude cross due to stress cracks and edge-split, some corrosion. With ROBCAR certificate #3652. Estimate: $100-$150

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182. Clump of cob 8 reales and 4 reales (one of each), the 4R dated 1674(E). 22.8 grams. Nice 4R with clear 74 date below full cross, the 8R so heavily corroded as to be devoid of detail, no encrustation at all. From Spink (New York) auction of December 11, 2001, with lot-tag. Estimate: $200-$300

183. 4 reales, 1675E. S-P37b, CT-406, KM-25; 7.5 grams. Nice full cross (slightly off-center) and full pillarsand-waves, thin and corroded but with good detail, small edge-split. With ROBCAR certificate #3665. Estimate: $125-$175

184. 4 reales, 1676E. S-P37b, CT-407, KM-25; 6.5 grams. Perfect full CAROLVS II next to full cross, full and bold pillars, thin from corrosion. With ROBCAR certificate #3666. Estimate: $125-$175

185. 4 reales, 1677E. S-P37b, CT-408, KM-25; 10.4 grams. Choice full date, full cross and pillars, bold waves, minimal corrosion but crude edge. With ROBCAR certificate #3667. Estimate: $125-$175

186. 4 reales, 1678E, with rotated-4 denomination on pillars side. S-P37b, CT-409a, KM-25; 9.6 grams. Nice full cross and bold pillars, clear date and assayer and rotated 4, but corroded all over. With ROBCAR certificate #3668. Estimate: $125-$175

187. 4 reales, 1678E, with rotated-4 denomination on pillars side. S-P37b, CT-409a, KM-25; 7.5 grams. Lemon-shaped planchet (thin from corrosion) with one bold wave, two dates, clear denomination. With ROBCAR certificate #3669. Estimate: $100-$150

188. 4 reales, 1678E. S-P37b, CT-409, KM-25; 7.7 grams. Broad flan with full cross, one very choice pillar and nice waves, flat around the edge and thin from corrosion. With ROBCAR certificate #3670. Estimate: $100-$150

189. 4 reales, 1679V. S-P39, CT-411, KM-25; 7.4 grams. Choice full cross, full pillars, three assayers, typically corroded and with edge-split. With ROBCAR certificate #3673. Estimate: $100-$150

190. 4 reales, 1679V. S-P39, CT-411, KM-25; 8.1 grams. Good cross, two bold Vâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s on pillars side, some flatness and thin from corrosion. With ROBCAR certificate #3674. Estimate: $100-$150

194. 2 reales, 1668E. S-P37b, CT-487, KM-24; 2.9 grams. Nicely detailed full cross and pillars, two dates and mintmarks and assayers, typically thin but no pitting. With ROBCAR certificate #3676. Estimate: $90-$135

195. 2 reales, 1670E. S-P37b, CT-489, KM-24; 2.6 grams. Full cross, decent pillars, but corroded all over. With ROBCAR certificate #3677. Estimate: $70-$100 191. 4 reales, 1679V. S-P39, CT-411, KM-25; 10.3 grams. Most of pillars and cross, thicker than most but with much flatness. With ROBCAR certificate #3671. Estimate: $100-$150 196. 2 reales, 1671E. S-P37b, CT-490, KM-24; 3.4 grams. Perfect waves, decent cross and pillars, much flatness, edge-split. With ROBCAR certificate #3683. Estimate: $70-$100

192. 4 reales, 1680V. S-P39, CT-412, KM-25; 9.6 grams. Very broad flan, one full date and parts of both others, nice full pillars-and-waves, messy cross, thin from corrosion. With ROBCAR certificate #3672. Estimate: $90$135

193. 2 reales, 1658E. S-P37a, CT-755, KM-16; 4.3 grams. Full pillars, three dates (full 1658 in legend), nearly full cross, typical flatness and corrosion. With ROBCAR certificate #3675. Estimate: $70-$100

197. 2 reales, 1677E. S-P37b, CT-496, KM-24; 4.8 grams. Odd shaped planchet with good full cross and pillars, bold date, peripheral flatness. With ROBCAR certificate #3678. Estimate: $90-$130

198. 2 reales, 1677E. S-P37b, CT-496, KM-24; 4.7 grams. Roundish flan with full pillars and cross, two dates, some corrosion. With ROBCAR certificate #3679. Estimate: $70-$100 69

199. 2 reales, 1678E. S-P37b, CT-497, KM-24; 3.9 grams. Bold full cross and one choice pillar, two bold dates and assayers, large edge-split. With ROBCAR certificate #3681. Estimate: $90-$135

200. 2 reales, 1678E, overweight (even with corrosion)! S-P37b, CT-497, KM-24; 7.3 grams. Very large flan with full cross and pillars but much flatness and some corrosion, edge-splits, two mintmarks and assayers. With ROBCAR certificate #3680. Estimate: $70$100

204. 1 real, 1666E. S-P37a, CT-914; 2.3 grams. Broad flan with peripheral flatness, good full cross, bold date, no pitting, slightly crude edge. With ROBCAR certificate #3690. Estimate: $50-$75 205. 1 real, 1668E. S-P37b, CT-605; 3.2 grams. Two dates on pillars side, full CAROL(VS) in legend, good cross, some flatness and corrosion. With ROBCAR certificate #3692. Estimate: $50-$75

206. 1 real, 1668E. S-P37b, CT-605; 2.2 grams. Nice pillars with bold date, good cross with second date below, minimal corrosion. With ROBCAR certificate #3691. Estimate: $50-$75 201. 2 reales, 1679V. S-P39, CT-500, KM-24; 3.4 grams. Choice full cross (slightly off-center), full pillars, two mintmarks and three assayers, interesting edge due to split, no pitting. With ROBCAR certificate #3682. Estimate: $100-$150

202. 1 real, 1659E. S-P37a, CT-907; 2.6 grams. Good cross and pillars despite corrosion, two dates, kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ordinal IIII in legend. With ROBCAR certificate #3688. Estimate: $50-$75 203. 1 real, 1661E. S-P37a, CT-909; 2.2 grams. Nice full pillars-and-waves, good full cross and crown, two mintmarks, light corrosion only. With ROBCAR certificate #3689. Estimate: $50-$75

207. 1 real, 1670E. S-P37b, CT-607; 2.9 grams. Bold date in pillars, most of cross, flat around edge but no pitting. With ROBCAR certificate #3694. Estimate: $50$75

208. 1 real, 1670E. S-P37b, CT-607; 3.7 grams. Bold full 1670 date in legend but centers flat, two assayers, some toning. Estimate: $50-$75 209. 1 real, 1670(E). S-P37b, CT-607; 3.3 grams. Bold date in pillars, most of cross, flat around edge but no pitting. With ROBCAR certificate #3693. Estimate: $50$75

210. 1 real, 1671E. S-P37b, CT-608; 2.7 grams. Nice cross and pillars (bold date), some flatness but no corrosion. With ROBCAR certificate #3695. Estimate: $50-$75

216. 1 real, 1676E. S-P37b, CT-613; 3.3 grams. Big, squarish planchet with good full cross above bold date and king’s ordinal II, pillars side mostly flat but with two partial dates, light corrosion. With ROBCAR certificate #3700. Estimate: $50-$75

217. 1 real, 1677E. S-P37b, CT-614; 2.9 grams. Nice bold 211. 1 real, 1671E. S-P37b, CT-608; 2.5 grams. Teardrop pillars, good but off-center cross, two bold dates and shape, bold pillars, two dates, most of cross, some assayers, king’s ordinal II, minimal corrosion. With flatness and light pitting all over. With ROBCAR certificate ROBCAR certificate #3702. Estimate: $50-$75 #3696. Estimate: $50-$75

212. 1 real, 1673E. S-P37b, CT-610; 4.1 grams. Very thick (overweight) flan, nice full cross, off-center pillars, two assayers, weak date, minor corrosion. With ROBCAR certificate #3698. Estimate: $60-$90 213. 1 real, 1673E. S-P37b, CT-610; 3.1 grams. Small, corroded planchet with good full cross, well-centered pillars-and-waves. With ROBCAR certificate #3697. Estimate: $50-$75

218. 1 real, 1677E. S-P37b, CT-614; 1.9 grams. Good full cross, two full dates, full POTOSÍ in legend, somewhat pitted and with small edge-split. With ROBCAR certificate #3701. Estimate: $50-$75 219. 1 real, 1678E. S-P37b, CT-615; 3.0 grams. Solid planchet with bold date below decent cross, (CA)ROLVS II in legend, very bold full waves, rounded-triangular shape with one point slightly bent. With ROBCAR certificate #3703. Estimate: $50-$75

Joanna, sunk in 1682 off South Africa 214. 1 real, 1675E. S-P37b, CT-612; 2.8 grams. Great full pillars with clear date, nearly full cross, thin from corrosion but no bad pitting. With ROBCAR certificate #3699. Estimate: $50-$75 220. Potosí, Bolivia, cob 1 real, (1652) transitional Type V. S-P37, CT-unlisted; 1.4 grams. Full but weak pillars and crown, cross side practically blank, crude shape from corrosion, but very rare as from this wreck. Estimate: $40-$60

215. 1 real, 1675?E. S-P37b, CT-612; 2.6 grams. Full pillars-and-waves, nearly full cross, three assayers, minimal corrosion, some flatness, slightly crude edge. With ROBCAR certificate #3704. Estimate: $50-$75

“Taj Mahal treasure,” sunk ca. 1702 off Sri Lanka

Spanish 1715 Fleet, east coast of Florida (all cobs of Mexico City, Mexico)

221. Surat, India, silver rupee, 1702, in promotional package. Coin: 7/8" in diameter; medal: 3½” in diameter. This is an “over the top” promotional package, with an unassuming silver coin (rupee) about the size of a nickel housed in a huge (15 oz.) .999 silver medal with 24K gold electroplate (melt value of the medal alone is $250+), all in a gorgeous wooden hinged-top box with a full-color porcelain tile on top showing the Taj Mahal. The treasure itself was found and salvaged by the famous (and recently deceased) author Arthur C. Clarke in the 1960s (read all about it in Clarke’s excellent 1964 narrative Indian Ocean Treasure). The original retail price for these promotional sets (only 350 were made) was $895 each, but then they sold in Playboy magazine for $1400 each and they have been even more expensive since then. Estimate: $1,000-$1,500

223. 8 reales, Charles II, assayer G. S-M20, CT-Type 71; 26.0 grams. Solid specimen with good cross and full oMG (scarce from this source), most of shield, otherwise typically flat, minimal corrosion, lightly toned all over. Estimate: $150-$225

224. 8 reales, Charles II, assayer L. S-M21, CT-Type 71; 24.5 grams. Thick flan with full assayer L, most of cross and shield, typically weak strike, minimal corrosion, lightly toned. Estimate: $175-$250

Merestein, sunk in 1702 off South Africa

222. Friesland, United Netherlands, billon 6 stuivers (snaphaanschelling), 1623. KM-30; 4.8 grams. Large (thin) and impressive coin with bold details (arms on obverse, knight on horse on reverse) against contrastingly dark fields, first I have seen of this type from this wreck. Estimate: $175-$225

225. 8 reales, (17)14(J). S-M22, CT-667; 23.1 grams. Bold full 4 of date and most of crown but little else on that side (very weak strike), about half the cross (the rest flat), thick and solid (no corrosion), just a poor strike. Estimate: $250-$375

cross, most of shield, typically crude strike, light corrosion only, mostly darkly toned. Estimate: $90$125

226. 8 reales, Philip V, assayer J. S-M22, CT-Type 132; 22.3 grams. Bold full oMJ, good full cross, nearly full shield, thick and solid, practically no corrosion, hints of toning. Estimate: $150-$225

230. 8 reales, Philip V, assayer not visible. CT-Type 132; 16.5 grams. Long, thin (from corrosion), rectangular planchet with bold cross and full shield but much pitting all over. With Fisher certificate #12774. Estimate: $80-$120

227. 8 reales, Philip V, assayer J. S-M22, CT-Type 132; 27.6 grams. Big thick flan with full oMJ, nice full cross, most of shield, toned all over (some dark spots), no corrosion. Estimate: $150-$225

231. 8 reales, Philip V, assayer not visible. CT-Type 132; 23.7 grams. Big, rectangular flan, nice full shield and denomination 8, full but weak cross, minimal corrosion, no toning. With Fisher certificate #100542. Estimate: $80-$120

228. 8 reales, Philip V, assayer not visible. CT-Type 132; 24.1 grams. Full shield with bold denomination 8 to right, good full cross, thick and solid but with some minor corrosion, lightly toned. From the Whitford auction of November 29, 1993, with lot-tag. Estimate: $100-$175

232. 8 reales, Philip V, assayer not visible, corroded. CT-Type 132; 21.1 grams. Small, thick planchet, nearly full shield, heavily pitted cross, contrastingly toned all over. Estimate: $70-$100

229. 8 reales, Philip V, assayer not visible. CT-Type 132; 23.5 grams. Somewhat harp-shaped flan with good 73

233. 8 reales, probably Philip V but obverse not visible. Low-end specimen (heavily corroded, but most of cross visible) attractively presented in a blackwooden frame with glass, the coin pasted to its certificate. With Cobb Coin Co. certificate #12,794. Estimate: $100-$150

237. Lot of fourteen fragments of silver cobs. Each about 0.1-0.2 gram. This lot of fragments proves that you throw away NOTHING when you are salvaging silver! Each one is no more than a tiny, non-descript sliver of a blackened silver cob, some so thin and fragile as to have been broken into several pieces, but all with official Cobb Coin Co. (Mel Fisher) insert-cards that give them at least some value. Each fragment with a numbered Cobb Coin Co. insert-tag. Estimate: $100-$150

Spanish 1733 Fleet, Florida Keys (all cobs of Mexico City, Mexico) 234. 8 reales “greenie” (encrusted with shells and green stuff). 27.1 grams. Desirable natural specimen with bits of shells and green sediment as found, some cross visible but otherwise too encrusted to identify, appears to be solid. With Frank Sedwick certificate. Estimate: $200-$300

238. 8 reales, 1732F. S-M26, CT-685; 26.8 grams. Thick and solid planchet, full oMF and clear bottom half of all four digits of date, good full cross, most of shield, no corrosion but patchy toning. Estimate: $150-$225 235. 4 reales, Philip V, assayer not visible. CT-Type 161; 12.2 grams. Small, roundish flan with nearly full shield and cross, some toning, moderate corrosion here and there. Estimate: $60-$90 236. 1 real, (16)98(L), extremely rare. S-M21, CTunlisted; 1.8 grams. Bold full 98 of date (unlisted in any references I know of), most of crown, full cross, but thin and pitted from corrosion, lightly toned. Estimate: $100-$150

239. 8 reales “biscuit” (black and puffy). 21.6 grams. Completely sulfided coin with no details visible but 74

not too underweight and thick enough that cleaning could produce something decent. Estimate: $75-$110

Vliegenthart, sunk in 1735 off Zeeland, the Netherlands

242. Mexico City, Mexico, cob 8 reales, 1731F. SM26, CT-683; 26.8 grams. Very thick planchet (no corrosion) with bold full date and oMF, most of cross and half of shield, patchy toning. Estimate: $200$300 240. Lot of seven silver cobs, including one Mexican 4R Philip V. Ranging from 1.5 to 18.8 grams each, 56.7 grams total. Probably all 8R and 4R, and mostly thin slivers with no details (but recognizable as cobs), one 8R fairly solid but “biscuitized” by puffy oxidation (possibly cleanable), the best coin being a solid (attributable) 4R with half of cross and shield visible. Estimate: $150-$225

243. Mexico City, Mexico, cob 4 reales, (1)733/2(F). S-M26, CT-884a; 12.4 grams. Very bold and full date (scarce overdate), good but off-center shield and cross, thick and toned, minimal corrosion (mostly at edge). Estimate: $125-$200

244. Overijssel, United Netherlands, silver “rider” ducatoon, 1733. KM-80; 31.8 grams. Choice and practically uncorroded specimen, high grade and nicely toned, typically well detailed, the kind of thing we used to see plenty of about fifteen years ago but now scarce. With certificate. Estimate: $175-$250

241. Lot of twelve silver cobs. Ranging from 2.5 to 10.6 grams each, 66.4 grams total. As above but all thin slivers, one 8R an interesting shape (round lacuna at edge), minimal detail on each. Estimate: $100-$150

Rooswijk, sunk in 1739 off southeast England Mexico City, Mexico

248. Pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1734/3MF. CT-697a, KM103; 26.3 grams. Great detail all over, off-center strike, no corrosion, some patchy toning. Estimate: $350$500 245. Cob 8 reales, 1722J, rare. S-M22, CT-645; 25.8 grams. Bold full date (best I have seen), full oMJ, but most of shield and cross flat (poor strike), minimal corrosion, some dark toning. With certificate from the divers. Estimate: $250-$350

249. Pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1734MF, choice. CT697, KM-103; 24.8 grams. Good detail, minor pitting and scratches, some dark toning (good contrast). With certificate from the divers. Estimate: $250-$375

246. Cob 8 reales, 1725D, rare. S-M23, CT-647a (under Philip V); 25.0 grams. Very bold and full 25 of date, most of cross and crown, partial shield due to weak strike, minimal corrosion, some dark toning. With certificate from the divers. Estimate: $375-$500 250. Pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1735MF, choice. CT698, KM-103; 26.1 grams. Very nice specimen, attractively toned all over, minimal corrosion, slightly weak strike in center. With certificate from the divers. Estimate: $250-$375 247. Cob 8 reales, 1727D, rare. S-M23a, CT-649; 26.6 grams. Full 4-digit date and bold full oMD, decent cross, much flatness and odd shape but no corrosion to speak of. With certificate from the divers. Estimate: $375$500

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254. Pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1738MF, choice. CT701, KM-103; 25.1 grams. Light to moderate corrosion all over, a bit silvery from cleaning, still with excellent detail. With certificate from the divers. Estimate: $250$375

251. Pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1736MF, choice. CT699, KM-103; 25.9 grams. Solid coin with good detail, minimal corrosion and abrasion, lightly toned all over. With certificate from the divers. Estimate: $250-$375

Hollandia, sunk in 1743 off the Scilly Isles, southwest of England

252. Pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1737MF, choice. CT700, KM-103; 26.4 grams. Choice detail, lustrous and toned surfaces (no corrosion but evidence of abrasive cleaning). With certificate from the divers. Estimate: $250$375

255. Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1740MF, corroded. CT-703, KM-103; 25.9 grams. Darkly toned all over, somewhat pitted from corrosion but nice details. Estimate: $175-$250

253. Pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1737MF, choice. CT700, KM-103; 26.5 grams. Choice specimen with nearly natural surfaces (no corrosion, light toning, some light abrasion), curious adjustment marks in center on both sides. With certificate from the salvagers. Estimate: $250$375

256. Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1741MF. CT-704, KM-103; 26.5 grams. Very dark but no corrosion (uncleaned), some red spots, great strike. Estimate: $250-$375

257. Lot of two uncleaned Mexican pillar 8 reales. 17.5 and 16.3 grams. Both coins heavily corroded (minimal details) but nicely encrusted with bits of orange, brown, green and white. Estimate: $100-$150 258. Mixed lot of two cleaned Mexican pillar 8 reales 1740MF and a United Netherlands (Deventer) rijderschelling (6 stuivers) 1686. 18.9, 14.6 and 4.3 grams. The pillar dollars are both silvery and heavily corroded, but with enough details visible to attribute; the Dutch coin is uncorroded, but so weakly struck as to be flat in the centers yet with very bold legends and clear date 1686 . Estimate: $150-$225 259. Group of eight items, including seven encrusted, bent and broken pillar dollars and one lead seal. The coins ranging from 18.7 to 38.1 grams (176.6 grams total), the seal 13.7 grams. Strange lot with five pillar dollars that show decent details and some with lovely big areas of white and tan encrustation tinged with green, but all oddly broken in half and re-glued; the other two pillar dollars are just dark, bent and chipped and with minimal details (dates of 1739 and 1740 clear); the lead seal is also bent and incomplete and encrusted but probably with some detail (shield?) hiding underneath the encrustation. Estimate: $150$225

Princess Louisa, sunk in 1743 off the Cape Verde Islands, west of Africa Cobs of Lima, Peru 260. 8 reales, 1726M. S-L20b, CT-10 (under Louis I); 22.2 grams. Bold date and waves and mintmark and assayer, most of cross (nice thick arms), attractively toned, solid but corroded around the edge. With Pat Johnson certificate. Estimate: $300-$450

261. 8 reales, 1727M. S-L20b, CT-618; 25.3 grams. Full pillars, two bold dates, full but somewhat weak cross due to corrosion, no toning, nice smooth edge. With Pat Johnson certificate. Estimate: $275-$400

265. 2 reales, 1733YA. S-P45, CT-1177; 3.9 grams. Full cross and pillars (well centered), two dates and three assayers (scarce), but moderately corroded all over. With Pat Johnson certificate. Estimate: $150-$225

Cobs of PotosĂ, Bolivia

266. Small clump of five low-denomination silver cobs. 25.2 grams. Cute little clump consisting of what appears to be one 4R, two 2R and two 1R, PotosĂ and Lima, the 1R on top and 2R on bottom both displaying full crosses, otherwise corroded and thin, with just a hint of encrustation in between. Estimate: $400-$600

262. 8 reales, 1726Y, Louis I, rare. S-P43b, CT-18; 19.1 grams. Small planchet due to corrosion but with nearly full cross, bold full pillars-and-waves, two dates. With Pat Johnson certificate. Estimate: $375-$550

Reijgersdaal, sunk in 1747 off South Africa 263. 8 reales, 1727Y, probably Louis I, rare, three dates. S-P43b, CT-19; 21.6 grams. Full and bold 1727 date in legend plus 727 between pillars, full but off-center cross, somewhat pitted and crude. With Pat Johnson certificate. Estimate: $475-$675

267. Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1743MF, corroded. CT-706, KM-103; 24.6 grams. Beautiful detail against colorfully toned fields, some corrosion but not distracting. With Professional Numismatists Guild photo-certificate signed by Dr. G.W. Vogt. Estimate: $200-$300

264. 2 reales, 1727Y, probably Louis I. S-P43b, CT-30; 5.4 grams. Good full cross and pillars (all well centered), one and a half dates and mintmarks and assayers, minimal corrosion. With Pat Johnson certificate. Estimate: $150-$225 79

Bredenhof, sunk in 1753 off Mozambique 268. Clump of four copper duits (1752). 12.7 grams. A fallen stack, with arms visible on both the top and bottom coins and a little bit of each coin in between, the top coin beautifully green from oxidation but otherwise a deep brown all over. Estimate: $40-$60

271. Pillar 2 reales, Philip V, 1735/4MF. CT-unlisted, KM-84; 6.0 grams. Bold details, very light corrosion, clear overdate, scarce type from this wreck. Estimate: $100-$150

Auguste, sunk in 1761 off Nova Scotia, Canada

269. Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 8 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1748MF. CT-287, KM-104.1; 25.2 grams. Toned and lightly corroded all over (not much contrast), still well detailed, scarce as from this wreck (which yielded mostly French ecus). With original certificate from the salvagers. Estimate: $250-$375

Cazador, sunk in 1784 off New Orleans, Louisiana (all Mexico City, Mexico)

270. Pillar 2 reales, Philip V, 1734/3MF. CT-unlisted, KM-84; 5.9 grams. Choice full details (albeit off-center), some wear but minimal corrosion, clear overdate, very scarce type from this wreck. Estimate: $100-$150

272. Pillar 2 reales, Philip V, 1736/5MF. CT-unlisted, KM-84; 6.3 grams. No corrosion, with lightly toned surfaces and good strike, very clear overdate, choice specimen, scarce type from this wreck. Estimate: $100-$150

273. Pillar 2 reales, Philip V, 1738/7MF. CT-unlisted, KM-84; 6.2 grams. Another choice specimen with great details, light toning and minimal corrosion, clear overdate, scarce type from this wreck. Estimate: $100-$150

274. Pillar 2 reales, Philip V, 174/30MF. CT-unlisted, KM-84; 6.3 grams. Bold details, some wear but no corrosion, clear overdate, scarce type from this wreck. Estimate: $100-$150

281. Pillar ½ real, Philip V, 1733/2?MF. CT-unlisted, KM-65; 0.6 gram. Thin and misshapen from corrosion

275. Pillar 1 real, Philip V, 1732, no assayer or denomination, very rare. CT-1378, KM-75.1; 2.8 grams. A traditional rarity, odd to see from this wreck, with nice full shield (off-center strike), clear date, corroded around the edge but otherwise nice. Estimate: $150$225

but with clear details, possible overdate but still rare for this wreck regardless. Estimate: $90-$135 282. Pillar ½ real, Philip V, 1733MF, mintmark M•X, holed, rare. CT-1585b, KM-65; 1.2 grams. Very well detailed pillars side (yet another unusual early rarity from this wreck), the obverse a bit corroded and convex, and odd to have been holed (hence may have been a sailor’s or passenger’s jewelry or clothing adornment). Estimate: $100-$150

276. Pillar 1 real, Philip V, 1740/39MF, very rare (unlisted in all references, even Gilboy!). CT-unlisted, KM-unlisted; 2.8 grams. Full details, worn but not corroded, clear overdate that does not appear in any references, even Gilboy (which lacks very little), and an unusual type from this wreck. Estimate: $80-$120

Piedmont (“Lyme Bay wreck”), sunk in 1795 in Lyme Bay, south of England (all cobs of Potosí, Bolivia)

277. Pillar 1 real, Philip V, 1747M, unbarred H in king’s name. CT-1397, KM-75.2; 2.7 grams. Scarce variety (R2 in Gilboy), choice full detail despite wear (but no corrosion), lightly toned, scarce type from this wreck. Estimate: $80-$120 278. Pillar ½ real, Philip V, 1732, no assayer or denomination, rare. CT-1585, KM-65; 0.7 gram. Corroded and thin (not fully intact) but clearly the rare 1732 variety, very unusual to be from this wreck. Estimate: $100-$150

283. 8 reales, 1675E. S-P37b, CT-307; 25.8 grams. Choice full cross, full but slightly doubled pillars-and-waves, three dates and mintmarks and assayers, typically darkly toned (could clean up nicely), no corrosion. Estimate: $150-$250 279. Pillar ½ real, Philip V, 1732MF, extremely rare mule. CT-unlisted, KM-unlisted; 1.0 gram. Listed in Gilboy as R5 (highest rarity, 1 to 3 known!), the date certain but weak due to corrosion and wear, unusual early issue from this wreck. Estimate: $100-$150 280. Pillar ½ real, Philip V, 1733/2MF, rare. CTunlisted, KM-65; 1.3 grams. Nice full detail despite moderate corrosion, rare early variety (clear overdate). Estimate: $90-$135 81

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Leocadia, sunk in 1800 off Punta Santa Elena, Ecuador (all Lima, Peru)

284. 8 reales, 1676E. S-P37b, CT-308; 24.1 grams. Two bold dates and assayers, particularly bold waves, most of cross, typically darkly toned with edge-split but no corrosion. Estimate: $150-$250 287. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1800IJ. CT-631, KM97; 25.1 grams. Very attractively detailed bust and pillars, minimal corrosion around edge only, lightly toned. With Sedwick photo-certificate. Estimate: $100$150

285. 8 reales, 1679C. S-P38, CT-312a; 27.3 grams. Two bold Câ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, full but doubled cross and pillars, two dates, typically darkly toned but no corrosion. Estimate: $150-$250 288. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1800IJ. CT-631, KM97; 23.7 grams. Good detail as last but with slightly more corrosion all over, nice light tone. With Sedwick photo-certificate. Estimate: $100-$150

286. 4 reales, 1678(E), rotated-4 denomination. SP37b, CT-409a; 13.4 grams. Full cross with bold denomination 4 at top, bold date between full pillars, clear but somewhat weak rotated 4, darkly toned, some flatness but no corrosion. Estimate: $150-$250

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289. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1800IJ. CT-631, KM97; 25.3 grams. Bold details, no corrosion, obviously cleaned (as needed) but starting to tone nicely. With Sedwick photo-certificate. Estimate: $100-$150

even cleaning and light toning, minimal corrosion at edge only. With Sedwick photo-certificate. Estimate: $100$150

290. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1800IJ. CT-631, KM97; 24.8 grams. Attractive details all over despite hint of corrosion and slightly crude edge. With Sedwick photocertificate. Estimate: $100-$150

294. Clump of five Spanish Colonial bust 8 reales. Roughly 2Â˝â&#x20AC;? x 1-3/4" x 3/4", 140.8 grams. Gorgeous natural clump with the five coins obviously well preserved and loaded with green and white encrustation, and in a somewhat spread-out cluster (not just a neat stack), much nicer than the similar clumps from the Cazador wreck (1784) that are all over the market today. Estimate: $400-$600

291. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1800IJ. CT-631, KM97; 24.8 grams. Bust side nice, pillars side also OK but with some heavy corrosion at edge, nicely toned here and there. With Sedwick photo-certificate. Estimate: $100$150

Lady Burgess, sunk in 1806 off the Cape Verde Islands, west of Africa

292. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1800IJ. CT-631, KM97; 25.5 grams. Good detail all over despite edgecorrosion, starting to tone. With Sedwick photo-certificate. Estimate: $100-$150

295. Madrid, Spain, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1798MF. CT-575, Cay-13904; 25.8 grams. Lots of dark, contrasting toning masking a light veneer of corrosion, bold details, scarce type. With Ritter (Germany) certificate. Estimate: $150-$225 293. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1800IJ. CT-631, KM97; 26.3 grams. Excellent definition to the details due to 83

296. Madrid, Spain, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1798MF. CT-575, Cay-13904; 24.4 grams. Moderately corroded all over but with all details clear, light golden tone, scarce type. With Ritter (Germany) certificate. Estimate: $150-$225

298. Seville, Spain, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1803CN. CT-597, Cay-13949; 26.2 grams. Lightly toned but also lightly corroded yet with enough contrasting dark spots to make the details stand out, scarce type. With Ritter (Germany) certificate. Estimate: $150-$225

297. Seville, Spain, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1802CN. CT-596, Cay-13938; 26.6 grams. Not much corrosion but spots of damage here and there, all details clear, light golden tone, scarce type. With Ritter (Germany) certificate. Estimate: $150-$225

299. Seville, Spain, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1803CN. CT-597, Cay-13949; 25.7 grams. Bold date and other details despite light corrosion all over, starting to tone, scarce type. With Ritter (Germany) certificate. Estimate: $150-$225

Admiral Gardner, sunk in 1809 off the southeast coast of England (all British East India Co.) 300. Group of ten copper XX cash (1808). Each coin about 9.3 grams. The scarcer “larger cousin” to the X cash, each in this lot well preserved, well detailed, and cleaned to a muted whitish copper color, perfect for resale. Estimate: $175-$250 301. Group of ten copper XX cash (1808). Each coin about 9.3 grams. The scarcer “larger cousin” to the X cash, each in this lot well preserved, well detailed, and cleaned to a muted whitish copper color, perfect for resale. Estimate: $175-$250 302. Group of ten copper XX cash (1808). Each coin about 9.3 grams. The scarcer “larger cousin” to the X cash, each in this lot well preserved, well detailed, and cleaned to a muted whitish copper color, perfect for resale. Estimate: $175-$250

303. Massive clump of as many as 350 copper X cash (1808). Roughly 6½” x 3½” x 3", 1602 grams. One of the biggest and best clumps I have ever seen from this wreck, with hundreds of copper coins in stacks and jumbled in and among some lovely orange and white encrustation, also with curious “footprints” of other stacks that were formerly attached, a truly beautiful artifact that is worth (numismatically) as much as $3500 for the coins alone! Estimate: $2,500-$3,000

304. Large group of 50 copper X cash (1808). Each coin about 4.5 grams. All nicely preserved and cleaned to a muted whitish copper color, perfect for resale. Estimate: $350-$500 305. Uncleaned clump of eight copper X cash (1808). 41.4 grams, about 3/4" tall and 1" in diameter. Neat (only slightly leaning) stack of coins, all solid but no details because totally uncleaned, in fact very bluish all over from the oxidation, quite interesting and pretty. Estimate: $75-$100 85

“Coconut wreck,” sunk ca. 1810 in deep water off Bermuda

306. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1778FF, Grade 1. CT-842, KM-106.2; 25.7 grams. Nice (AXF) details, near-perfect surfaces, would be hard to tell it is sea-salvage except for the cleaning (no toning). With Sinclair photo-certificate #148. Estimate: $400-$600

307. Potosí, Bolivia, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1781PR, Grade 1. CT-888, KM-55; 24.0 grams. Bold details with a light veneer of oxidation all over, faint “G” scratched in the field in front of the face. With Sinclair photo-certificate #151. Estimate: $400-$600

308. Potosí, Bolivia, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1786PR, Grade 2. CT-893, KM-55; 24.5 grams. A little more worn than most but with light corrosion only on reverse, good details. With Sinclair photo-certificate #2253. Estimate: $300-$450

309. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IV), 1789FM, Grade 1. CT-642, KM-107; 25.4 grams. Bold strike, no corrosion (XF grade), not quite so “washed out” as others but still silvery. With Sinclair photocertificate #192. Estimate: $400-$600

310. Potosí, Bolivia, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1794PR, Grade 2. CT-671, KM-73; 24.5 grams. Light corrosion and slightly weak strike make for low contrast, but all the details are there, starting to tone. With Sinclair photo-certificate #2208. Estimate: $300-$450

311. Lima, Peru, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1794IJ, Grade 1. CT-625, KM-97; 25.0 grams. Lustrous XF+ with light corrosion around edge, great detail, patchy toning. With Sinclair photo-certificate #2158. Estimate: $400-$600

312. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1795FM, Grade 1. CT-650, KM-109; 25.1 grams. Bold strike, typically silvery but with localized corrosion (shows where other coins were protecting this one). With Sinclair photo-certificate #298. Estimate: $400-$600

315. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1800FM, Grade 3. CT-655, KM-109; 24.2 grams. Nice obverse, moderately corroded reverse, silvery from cleaning. With Sinclair photo-certificate #2210. Estimate: $225-$350

313. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1796FM, Grade 1. CT-651, KM-109; 24.8 grams. Toned all over, XF+ obverse, lightly corroded reverse, all details clear. With Sinclair photo-certificate #2159. Estimate: $400-$600

316. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1804TH, Grade 1. CT-661, KM-109; 25.2 grams. Minimal corrosion, nice details, starting to tone. With Sinclair photo-certificate #2229. Estimate: $400-$600

314. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1797FM, Grade 2. CT-652, KM-109; 23.5 grams. Good details all over despite light to moderate corrosion, mostly at top of obverse, small patches of toning. With Sinclair photo-certificate #2232. Estimate: $300-$450

317. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1804TH, Grade 3. CT-661, KM-109; 25.1 grams. Slightly indistinct details due to moderate corrosion, still fully attributable. With Sinclair photo-certificate #455. Estimate: $225-$350

318. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1805TH, Grade 1. CT-662, KM-109; 25.4 grams. Lustrous XF+ details, silvery from cleaning but starting to tone. With Sinclair photo-certificate #167. Estimate: $400-$600

319. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1806TH, Grade 4. CT-663, KM-109; 23.2 grams. Moderate to heavy corrosion all over but all details readable, toned but a bit shiny. With Sinclair photocertificate #2251. Estimate: $175-$275

320. Lima, Peru, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1806JP, Grade 1. CT-638, KM-109; 25.0 grams. Choice details but corroded around edge, flat spot (as struck) on I of DEI, typically silvery. With Sinclair photo-certificate #2277. Estimate: $400-$600

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321. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1807TH, Grade 1. CT-664, KM-109; 25.4 grams. Lightly toned and in a choice state of preservation (no corrosion, XF+ for wear), just a few incidental marks. With Sinclair photo-certificate #186. Estimate: $400-$600

322. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII transitional (“armored bust”), 1809TH, Grade 1. CT-492, KM-110; 26.2 grams. Bold and fully detailed portrait (scarce transitional type), lustrous AU surfaces with hint of corrosion at edge only. With Sinclair photo-certificate #162. Estimate: $400-$600

323. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII transitional (“armored bust”), 1809TH, Grade 1. CT-492, KM-110; 25.4 grams. Very bold and lustrous AU, practically no corrosion, typically silvery with patches of toning. With Sinclair photo-certificate #172. Estimate: $400-$600

327. Potosí, Bolivia, pillar 2 reales, Charles III, 1768JR, Grade 3. CT-1245, KM-48; 4.6 grams. Nice pillars-side details, shield side moderately corroded, matte silvery surfaces, scarce early type from this wreck. With Sinclair photo-certificate #496. Estimate: $125-$185

324. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII transitional (“armored bust”), 1809TH, Grade 1. CT-492, KM-110; 25.1 grams. Bold XF with light corrosion only at edge on reverse, some flat spots (as struck), lightly toned but still shiny. With Sinclair photocertificate #2203. Estimate: $400-$600

328. Guatemala City, Guatemala, bust 2 reales, Charles III, 1772P, Grade 2. CT-1158, KM-34.1; 6.1 grams. Good bust, reverse lightly corroded, silvery with patchy toning, scarcer mint and type. With Sinclair photo-certificate #475. Estimate: $200-$300

325. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII transitional (“armored bust”), 1809TH, Grade 2. CT-492, KM-110; 24.7 grams. Lustrous AU reverse, obverse marred by moderate corrosion on one-third of surface, still with nice portrait. With Sinclair photocertificate #451. Estimate: $300-$450

329. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 2 reales, Charles III, 1773FM, initials facing inward, Grade 2. CT1214, KM-88.1; 6.0 grams. Nice reverse, bust side moderately corroded, patches of toning. With Sinclair photo-certificate #469. Estimate: $200-$300 326. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII transitional (“armored bust”), 1809TH, Grade 3. CT-492, KM-110; 20.4 grams. Heavily corroded and shiny but with all details discernible, scarce transitional type. With Sinclair photo-certificate #411. Estimate: $225-$350

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330. Lima, Peru, bust 2 reales, Charles III, 1773MJ, Grade 1, unique and unlisted assayer for date. CT-unlisted, KM-unlisted; 6.4 grams. This appears to be a discovery coin, as the references all list assayer JM for this date, not MJ! The bust is a little weak (very light corrosion) but all other details are quite clear, with small patches of dark toning against matte silvery surfaces. With Sinclair photo-certificate #466. Estimate: $275-$425

331. PotosĂ, Bolivia, bust 2 reales, Charles III, 1777PR, Grade 2. CT-1253, KM-53; 6.1 grams. Clear details despite light corrosion all over, starting to tone. With Sinclair photo-certificate #473. Estimate: $200-$300

332. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 2 reales, Charles III, 1778FF, Grade 2. CT-1219, KM-88.2; 5.8 grams. Weak bust due to minor corrosion, otherwise nice, with matte silvery surfaces. With Sinclair photo-certificate #474. Estimate: $200-$300

333. Lima, Peru, bust 2 reales, Charles III, 1787MI, Grade 1. CT-1195, KM-76a; 6.3 grams. Good details all over (just a little worn), very light corrosion only. With Sinclair photo-certificate #114. Estimate: $275-$425

334. Guatemala City, Guatemala, bust 2 reales, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IV), 1789M, Grade 1. CT-871, KM-43; 6.6 grams. Weak bust (a little worn, but mostly light strike), otherwise nice and nearly corrosion-free (still silvery), scarcer mint and type. With Sinclair photo-certificate #461. Estimate: $275-$425

335. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 2 reales, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IV), 1790FM, Grade 1. CT-916, KM-89; 6.2 grams. Nice details (just a bit worn), no corrosion but some patchy toning. With Sinclair photo-certificate #141. Estimate: $275-$425

336. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 2 reales, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IIII), 1790FM, Grade 1. CT-916, KM-89; 6.2 grams. Big flan, no corrosion, great details (just a little weak strike in centers), patches of toning. With Sinclair photo-certificate #463. Estimate: $275-$425

337. Guatemala City, Guatemala, bust 2 reales, Charles IV, 1795M, Grade 1. CT-878, KM-51; 6.2 grams. Mostly lustrous surfaces (some minor corrosion near 90

edge), silvery but with nice details, scarcer mint. With Sinclair photo-certificate #458. Estimate: $275-$425

338. Guatemala City, Guatemala, bust 2 reales, Charles IV, 1797M, Grade 2. CT-880, KM-51; 5.7 grams. Good details despite patches of moderate to heavy corrosion, matte silvery surfaces, scarcer mint. With Sinclair photo-certificate #470. Estimate: $200-$300

339. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 2 reales, Charles IV, 1799FM, Grade 3. CT-925, KM-91; 5.0 grams. Strangely copper-toned (not completely) with areas of moderate to heavy corrosion (edge not totally intact), most details still clear. With Sinclair photo-certificate #481. Estimate: $125-$185

340. Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 1 real, Philip V, 1743M, Grade 3. CT-1393, KM-75.2; 2.9 grams. Worn but uncorroded, with spots of strange copper toning on obverse, slightly wrinkled, scarce early type from this wreck. With Sinclair photo-certificate #646. Estimate: $90$135 341. Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 1 real, Charles III, 1768M, Grade 3. CT-1397, KM-77; 2.7 grams. Decent details despite wear and heavy corrosion around edge (not completely intact), scarce early type from this wreck. With Sinclair photo-certificate #634. Estimate: $90$135

342. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 1 real, Charles III, 1772FM, initials facing rim, Grade 1. CT-1404, KM78.1; 3.1 grams. Worn but nicely contrasted bust, big copper patch in center of shield, no corrosion, scarce early type from this wreck. With Sinclair photo-certificate #565. Estimate: $200-$300 343. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 1 real, Charles III, 1773FM, initials facing rim, Grade 2. CT-1405, KM78.1; 2.9 grams. Worn and lightly corroded but with all details clear. With Sinclair photo-certificate #615. Estimate: $150-$225

344. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 1 real, Charles III, 1774(FM), Grade 3. CT-1406, KM-78.2; 2.9 grams. Very worn (Good or worse) but no corrosion, spots of toning. With Sinclair photo-certificate #631. Estimate: $90$135 345. PotosĂ, Bolivia, bust 1 real, Charles III, 1776PR, Grade 1. CT-1448, KM-52; 3.0 grams. Nice clear details, especially the desirable 1776 date, just a little worn (no corrosion), spots of toning. With Sinclair photocertificate #570. Estimate: $200-$300

346. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 1 real, Charles III, 1776FM, Grade 2. CT-1408, KM-78.2; 2.9 grams. Worn and very lightly corroded, not much contrast, still attributable to desirable date. With Sinclair photocertificate #604. Estimate: $150-$225 347. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 1 real, Charles III, 1776FM, Grade 3. CT-1408, KM-78.2; 2.5 grams. Clear date and other details but worn and with moderate corrosion on reverse, spots of toning. With Sinclair photocertificate #639. Estimate: $90-$135

348. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 1 real, Charles III, 1780FF, Grade 1. CT-1412, KM-78.2; 3.0 grams. Good details despite wear and edge corrosion. With Sinclair photo-certificate #575. Estimate: $200-$300 349. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 1 real, Charles III, 1780(FF), Grade 2. CT-1412, KM-78.2; 2.9 grams. Very worn but with bold date, minimal corrosion, odd copper tone on reverse. With Sinclair photo-certificate #616. Estimate: $150-$225

350. Lima, Peru, bust 1 real, Charles III, 1780MJ, Grade 3. CT-1377, KM-75; 2.7 grams. Bold details despite moderate corrosion all over. With Sinclair photo-certificate #633. Estimate: $90-$135

354. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 1 real, Charles III, 1789FM, Grade 2. CT-1424, KM-78.2a; 3.0 grams. Very worn but not much corrosion, all details clear. With Sinclair photo-certificate #608. Estimate: $150-$225 355. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 1 real, Charles III, 1789FM, Grade 2. CT-1424, KM-78.2a; 2.8 grams. Worn, minimal corrosion, patches of toning, slightly warped flan. With Sinclair photo-certificate #609. Estimate: $150$225

356. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 1 real, Charles IV, 1792(FM), Grade 3. CT-1052, KM-81; 3.0 grams. Very worn but not much corrosion, patches of toning. With Sinclair photo-certificate #630. Estimate: $90-$135

351. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 1 real, Charles III, 1782FF, Grade 1. CT-1414, KM-78.2; 3.1 grams. Choice details despite wear, just a hint of corrosion at edge. With Sinclair photo-certificate #138. Estimate: $200-$300

357. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 1 real, Charles IV, 1798FM, Grade 1. CT-1058, KM-81; 3.1 grams. No corrosion, nice bold details, contrasting sediment around letters. With Sinclair photo-certificate #128. Estimate: $200-$300

352. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 1 real, Charles III, 1782FF, Grade 1. CT-1414, KM-78.2; 3.1 grams. Worn but with good details, minimal corrosion, coppery toning here and there. With Sinclair photo-certificate #567. Estimate: $200-$300

358. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 1 real, Charles IV, 1802FT, Grade 1. CT-1064, KM-81; 3.1 grams. Nice details and no corrosion, starting to tone. With Sinclair photo-certificate #136. Estimate: $200-$300

353. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 1 real, Charles III, 1787FM, Grade 2. CT-1420, KM-78.2a; 2.9 grams. Nice bust, lightly corroded reverse, patches of toning, slightly warped flan. With Sinclair photo-certificate #612. Estimate: $150-$225

359. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 1 real, Charles IV, 1803FT, Grade 2. CT-1065, KM-82; 3.0 grams. Lightly corroded, not much contrast, but all details present. With Sinclair photo-certificate #617. Estimate: $150-$225

366. Mexico City, Mexico, bust ½ real, Charles III, 1775FM, Grade 1. CT-1600, KM-69.2; 1.5 grams. Nice clear details all over (practically no corrosion, just a little worn), slightly off-center strike. With Sinclair photocertificate #754. Estimate: $100-$150

360. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 1 real, Charles IV, 1804TH, Grade 1. CT-1066, KM-82; 3.2 grams. Bold details, no corrosion, no toning. With Sinclair photocertificate #571. Estimate: $200-$300 361. Mexico City, Mexico, pillar ½ real, Ferdinand VI, 1754M, Grade 1. CT-599, KM-67.1; 1.5 grams. Worn but with bold details, minimal corrosion, scarce early type from this wreck. With Sinclair photo-certificate #709. Estimate: $100-$150

367. Mexico City, Mexico, bust ½ real, Charles III, 1780FF, Grade 1. CT-1605, KM-69.2; 1.5 grams. Good details from contrasting toning, worn but not much corrosion, some dark spots. With Sinclair photo-certificate #694. Estimate: $100-$150

362. Lima, Peru, pillar ½ real, Ferdinand VI, 1758JM, Grade 2. CT-589, KM-51; 1.5 grams. Light corrosion and sediment all over, not much contrast, scarce early type from this wreck. With Sinclair photocertificate #757. Estimate: $80-$120 363. Mexico City, Mexico, pillar ½ real, Charles III, 1761M, Grade 3. CT-1583, KM-60; 1.0 gram. Nice pillars side (good contrast), weak shield side (corroded), light sediment in crevices, scarce early type from this wreck. With Sinclair photo-certificate #892. Estimate: $60$90

364. Mexico City, Mexico, bust ½ real, Charles III, 1772FF, scarce assayer (mule), Grade 2. CT-1595, KM-69.2; 1.6 grams. Good detail (minimal corrosion), including clear date and assayer (a scarce and interesting die-muling), also scarce early type from this wreck. With Sinclair photo-certificate #880. Estimate: $100-$150

368. Mexico City, Mexico, bust ½ real, Charles III, 1780FF, Grade 1. CT-1605, KM-69.2; 1.6 grams. Worn but with good details, light sediment all over, minimal corrosion. With Sinclair photo-certificate #751. Estimate: $100-$150 369. Mexico City, Mexico, bust ½ real, Charles III, 1782FF, Grade 2. CT-1607, KM-69.2; 1.2 grams. Crisp details despite light corrosion and wear, some sediment and toning (including light green spots), slightly warped flan. With Sinclair photo-certificate #828. Estimate: $80-$120

370. Mexico City, Mexico, bust ½ real, Charles III, 1782FF, Grade 3. CT-1607, KM-69.2; 1.5 grams. Very worn and a bit warped, with copper spots, test-cut (?) in edge, but minimal corrosion. With Sinclair photocertificate #858. Estimate: $60-$90 371. Mexico City, Mexico, bust ½ real, Charles III, 1785FM, Grade 2. CT-1611, KM-69.2a; 1.4 grams. Worn bust side, shield side decent, very light corrosion, not much contrast. With Sinclair photo-certificate #826. Estimate: $80-$120

365. Mexico City, Mexico, bust ½ real, Charles III, 1774FM, Grade 3. CT-1599, KM-69.2; 1.5 grams. Worn and corroded, some bold lettering, patchy toning. With Sinclair photo-certificate #840. Estimate: $60-$90 93

372. Mexico City, Mexico, bust ½ real, Charles III, 1786FM, Grade 2. CT-1612, KM-69.2a; 1.5 grams. Some good details despite wear, wrinkling and light corrosion. With Sinclair photo-certificate #833. Estimate: $80-$120

378. Mexico City, Mexico, bust ½ real, Charles IV, 1797(FM), Grade 2. CT-1194, KM-72; 1.6 grams. Worn and lightly corroded but with mostly good details, dark toning around letters. With Sinclair photo-certificate #818. Estimate: $80-$120

373. Guatemala City, Guatemala, bust ½ real, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IV), 1789M, Grade 3. CT-1143, KM-41; 1.6 grams. Worn and lightly corroded, patchy toning, still with clear details, scarce mint and type. With Sinclair photo-certificate #851. Estimate: $60-$90

379. Mexico City, Mexico, bust ½ real, Charles IV, 1798FM, Grade 1. CT-1195, KM-72; 1.5 grams. Nice details (no corrosion), just a bit worn. With Sinclair photo-certificate #733. Estimate: $100-$150

374. Mexico City, Mexico, bust ½ real, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IV), 1789FM, Grade 2. CT-1186, KM-70; 1.5 grams. Good bust, lightly corroded reverse, worn all over, patches of toning, scarce transitional type. With Sinclair photocertificate #830. Estimate: $80-$120 375. Mexico City, Mexico, bust ½ real, Charles IV, 1792FM, Grade 3. CT-1189, KM-72; 1.4 grams. Lightly corroded all over but with all details readable. With Sinclair photo-certificate #869. Estimate: $60-$90

376. Mexico City, Mexico, bust ½ real, Charles IV, 1796FM, Grade 1. CT-1193, KM-72; 1.6 grams. Broad flan with good details, some wear but no corrosion to speak of, patches of dark toning. With Sinclair photocertificate #722. Estimate: $100-$150 377. Mexico City, Mexico, bust ½ real, Charles IV, 1797FM, Grade 2. CT-1194, KM-72; 1.5 grams. Nice bust side (bold details), reverse a little weak, slightly warped flan, patchy toning. With Sinclair photo-certificate #789. Estimate: $80-$120

380. Mexico City, Mexico, bust ½ real, Charles IV, 1799FM, Grade 2. CT-1196, KM-72; 1.6 grams. Worn and lightly corroded but with good bust and decent contrast (lightly toned). With Sinclair photo-certificate #758. Estimate: $80-$120 381. Mexico City, Mexico, bust ½ real, Charles IV, 1807TH, Grade 1. CT-1205, KM-72; 1.6 grams. Nice detail despite light corrosion and wear, contrasting toning, some dark patches. With Sinclair photo-certificate #692. Estimate: $100-$150

“1810 wreck,” sunk off Ft. Pierce, Florida

382. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1796FM. CT-651, KM-109; 18.3 grams. Moderately corroded but with discernible details. With Fisher certificate #22227. Estimate: $60-$90

Thetis, sunk in 1830 off Cabo Frio, Brazil

383. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1797FM. CT-652, KM-109; 20.8 grams. Some bold details despite moderate corrosion. With Fisher certificate #22221. Estimate: $60-$90 386. 8 soles, 1827JM. KM-97; 24.1 grams. Solid coin with only light corrosion but not much contrast, patchy toning, popular for the bust of Bolivar on the reverse (most indistinct part of this particular coin, unfortunately). With Pearson certificate. Estimate: $75$100

384. Mexico City, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1807(TH). CT-664, KM-109; 22.5 grams. Bold CAROLVS IIII, some other details despite moderate corrosion. With Fisher certificate #22329. Estimate: $60-$90

S.S. Republic, sunk in 1865 in deep water off Savannah, Georgia

387. U.S.A., fifty cents, 1858-O, doubled 1, slabbed NGC. KM-A68. Mint State coin but with very light corrosion, all details perfectly clear. Estimate: $600$900 385. Guatemala City, Guatemala, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII transitional (bust of Charles IV), 1808M. CT-448, KM-64; 21.4 grams. Moderate corrosion but readable details, some dark spots, scarcer mint. With Fisher certificate #22368. Estimate: $60-$90

388. U.S.A., fifty cents, 1859-O, 9 in border, slabbed NGC. KM-A68. Lustrous Mint State with just a hint of corrosion, all details perfectly clear. Estimate: $600-$900

Please send your bids to our special email bidding address: treasurebids@gmail.com 95

Elingamite, sunk in 1902 off New Zealand 389. New Zealand, denomination set of half crown, florin and shilling in promotional wallet. 13.8, 10.8 and 5.0 grams. Three decent Victorian coins (the half crown and florin dated 1900 with widow’s head and the shilling dated 1879 with young head), each a little corroded but with all important details visible, scarce with its original promotional packaging (now quite dingy and a bit gummy from humid storage). With certificate and original wallet holder. Estimate: $125-$200

MEDALS PERTAINING TO SHIPS New Zealand 390. Large silver medal commemorating the third voyage of Captain Cook in 1776-9. 33.2 grams, 1-5/8" in diameter. A nice (even if a bit modern) collectible struck in New Zealand by Hansen & Berry, Ltd., with bust of Cook on obverse with the ships Discovery and Resolution in the background, THIRD PACIFIC VOYAGE across the top and CAPT JAMES COOK / R.N.F.R.S.A above 1776 * 1779 on the bottom, the reverse showing an anchor design with COOK BICENTENARY across the top and EASTERN AND CENTRAL SAVINGS BANK / NEW ZEALAND on the bottom, plain edge, nicely toned Mint State, housed in a custom clamshell box printed on the inside with the following: “This medal was struck by THE EASTERN AND CENTRAL SAVINGS BANK to commemorate the bi-centenary of Captain James Cook’s third voyage of discovery to New Zealand / 1776-1976 / MINTED BY / HANSEN & BERRY, LTD / AUCKLAND, N.Z.” First example I have seen, but undoubtedly struck in great numbers. With original printed clamshell box. Estimate: $50-$100

SILVER COBS (or copper where noted) Mexico City, Mexico Charles-Joanna, “Late Series”

392. 4 reales, O to left, oM to right. S-M10, CT-97; 13.6 grams. Nice bold centers, thick flan with some flat spots around edge, light brown toning, VF for wear. Estimate: $300-$475

393. 2 reales, oM to left, L to right. S-M9a, CT-126; 6.7 grams. AVF with brown toning in crevices, much bold legend, no doubling. Estimate: $150-$225

Great Britain 391. Large steel medal commemorating the sinking of the Lusitania in 1915, with original cardboard box and certificate. 69.0 grams. We have sold these medals in both our previous auctions, but this is the first we have offered with all the original packaging and paperwork, which gives more details about how and when the medals were made. As we knew, these were exact replicas of medals made by Germany to gloat over the sinking (as the Lusitania was torpedoed by a German submarine prior to World War I), but in this package we have the explanatory certificate that criticizes the German propaganda and gives the issuer as “Lusitania Souvenir Medal Committee,” with all profits going to “St. Dunstan’s Blinded Soldiers and Sailors Hostel”. Coin, medal and certificate all in Mint condition except for the usual rust spots. With original printed cardboard box and folded vellum certificate. Estimate: $200-$300

394. 1 real, M to left, A to right, four holes, scarce. S-M6, CT-163; 2.4 grams. Worn (About Good) and possibly shaved around the edge a little but with very clear mintmark and assayer (scarce) and nice shield, the four holes in a square pattern, probably once sewn onto a garment. Estimate: $60-$90

395. 1 real, L to left, M to right. S-M9, CT-170; 3.2 grams. Nice VF with dark brown toning, much legend, no doubling. Estimate: $75-$110

396. 1 real, L to left, oM to right. S-M9a, CT-168; 3.3 grams. Rainbow-toned VF with much legends, weak centers, old scratch on shield. Estimate: $75-$110

Shield-type

397. 8 reales, Philip II, assayer F, upside-down A for V in legend. S-M12, CT-245; 27.3 grams. Good full shield and cross, oMF and denomination 8, most of crown, but best part is the ample legend, which includes the end of the word HISPANIARVM spelled with an N for the M and an upside-down V for the A (how neat is that?), VF with light sediment on fields. Pedigreed to the Richard A. Long auction #91 (April, 2002). Estimate: $275-$400

398. 8 reales, Philip III (clear ordinal III), assayer F. S-M12a, CT-113; 26.6 grams. Nice full shield and oMF and denomination 8, also nice full cross but with flat spots, some bold legend (especially the kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ordinal), uneven thickness, XF for wear. Estimate: $250-$375

399. 8 reales, (16)11F. S-M17, CT-126; 27.4 grams. Very bold full shield and cross, full oMF and denomination 8, bold final digit 1 of date, nearly full crown, lustrous XF, no toning. Estimate: $300-$450

400. 8 reales, 1621D. 27.0 grams. Clear 21 of date, full shield and oMD, full cross, backwards N at end of INDIARVN, crude edge due to uneven thickness, silvery AXF (no toning). Estimate: $300-$450

401. 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer D (1620s). S-M18a, CT-Type 92; 27.0 grams. Nice full shield and cross, oMD and denomination 8, lightly toned all over, XF with peripheral flatness, one tiny chopmark. Estimate: $175-$250

405. 8 reales, (1)723(J), bold date, very rare. S-M22, CT-676; 23.9 grams. Extremely bold full date (possibly the best specimen known) that is so rare as to be missing in Calbetó (except for a Royal), but typically crude strike (much flatness), full cross, nicely toned Fine, probably struck underweight because edges appear to be intact. Estimate: $500-$700

402. 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer P (1640s). S-M19, CTType 92; 27.0 grams. Typically brown and green as from burial in China, with small chopmarks and test-cut on reverse, also typical barrel-shaped planchet of uneven thickness translating into flat spots, full cross and shield, oMP and 8, Fine for actual wear. Estimate: $100-$150

403. 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer P (1650s). S-M19, CT406; 26.5 grams. Very nicely detailed and toned, with full shield and cross, oMP and king’s ordinal IIII, partial date, could be salvaged (Vergulde Draeck of 1656 would be my guess) but no corrosion, nice VF. Estimate: $150-$225

406. 8 reales, Philip V, assayer not visible (pre1730s). 26.2 grams. Good full cross sprinkled with large chopmarks as from circulation in the Orient, nearly full shield next to full denomination 8, Fine with light sediment, a bit warped. Estimate: $100-$150

407. 8 reales, Philip V, assayer F (ca. 1730), with Indonesian countermarks. S-M26, CT-Type 132; 25.6 grams. Nearly full shield and cross, clear oMF, About Fine with patchy toning, with three marks on cross side that are associated with Madura Island (Sumenep) of modern-day Indonesia, particularly the 5-petal flower. Estimate: $150-$225

404. 8 reales, Charles II, assayer L. S-M21; CT-Type 71; 26.6 grams. Very odd shape but typically crude and weakly struck (lots of flat areas), full oML and shield, Good or better for actual wear. Estimate: $125-$200

black on reverse), flat bottoms of final digits of date visible (hence probably 1622, which matches the style of the coin), Fine with flat areas. Estimate: $75-$110

408. 8 reales, 1732/1F, bubble hole. S-M26, CT-685a; 26.3 grams. Very bold date (clear overdate), most of cross and shield, but you just canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t miss that HUGE hole in the middle from a bubble in the metal (not a rare occurrence, actually), also with small chopmarks on cross side, toned Fine. Estimate: $150-$225

412. 4 reales, (16)56P. S-M19, CT-641; 11.3 grams. Bold oMP next to what the consignor thought was the middle of the date but is actually the end of it (with a large space after that), most of shield and cross, mostly toned (dark in places), crude Fine. Estimate: $75$110

409. 4 reales, Philip II, assayer F. S-M12, CT-408; 12.2 grams. Darkly toned AVF with nice full cross, full shield with F to left and 4 to right, some bold legend. Estimate: $175-$250

413. 4 reales, Charles II, assayer not visible. CT-Type 88; 12.4 grams. Most of cross, odd shape, Fine with lots of peripheral flatness. Estimate: $50-$75

410. 4 reales, Philip III, assayer D/F (1618). S-M18, CT-unlisted (cf. 243); 13.4 grams. Choice full cross and shield but much of the periphery flat (still with oMD/F and 4), lightly toned VF, slightly warped planchet. Estimate: $150-$225

414. 4 reales, 173(0)R. S-M24, CT-882; 13.9 grams. Rectangular Fine with bold oMR, partial date, some shield and cross, much peripheral flatness. Estimate: $75-$110

411. 4 reales, 1622(?)(D). S-M18a, CT-621; 13.5 grams. Roundish planchet with bold oM, nearly full shield and cross, some crown, lightly toned (tan on obverse,

415. 4 reales, 1732F. S-M26, CT-884; 13.2 grams. VG with contrasting toning, bold full oMF, weak date, good cross, partial shield, minor edge-split. Estimate: $125-$300 100

416. 2 reales, Philip II, oM to left, oII-O to right (rare). S-M11, CT-533; 5.9 grams. Richly toned AXF with very well-detailed full cross and shield, clear oM to left and ii-O to right (rare variant), full crown, possibly shaved around the edge long ago. Estimate: $100-$175 417. 2 reales, Philip IV, upper half of shield transposed (very rare), with Indonesian countermark. 5.5 grams. Nearly full shield with upper half transposed (very rare error for this mint) and full cross, bold countermark attributed to Madura Island (Sumenep) of modern-day Indonesia (7-petal flower) on cross side, part of edge broken off and glued back on, VG. Estimate: $200-$300 418. 2 reales, (162)5/4(D), rare. S-M18a, CT-unlisted; 6.5 grams. Clear 5/4 in date (offset), most of cross, nearly full shield, appears to be salvaged (very likely “Lucayan Beach wreck” of ca. 1628) but not much corrosion, some dark toning, near XF for actual wear. Estimate: $200-$300 419. 1 real, Philip II, oM to left, O to right. S-M11, CT-617; 3.3 grams. Broad, thin flan with full shield and cross, oM and O, king’s name PHILI(PPVS), most of crown, toned VF with flat spots. Estimate: $75-$100 420. 1 real, Philip II, assayer not visible. CT-Type 333; 3.4 grams. Richly toned XF+ with excellent cross (well

detailed), full shield (off-center), most of crown, typically thin and round (but not shaved). Estimate: $60-$90 421. 1 real, Philip II, assayer not visible. CT-Type 333; 2.3 grams. Nice full cross (good contrast), most of shield and crown, smaller than normal size due to edge-shaving, Fine with patches of toning. Estimate: $50-$75 422. 1 real, (16)22/0D. S-M18a, CT-unlisted (cf. 856); 2.6 grams. Clear date with clear 2/0 and penultimate digit strangely backwards (must have been hand-engraved), bold oMD, good but slightly doubled full cross, nearly full shield, Fine with light toning on fields, underweight (possibly shaved). Estimate: $75-$100 423. 1 real, (16)22/0/19D. S-M18a, CT-unlisted (cf. 856); 2.5 grams. Bold end of date (with backwards 2 as before, but also with clear 19 underdigits), good cross, clear oMD, old scratches on shield, richly toned Fine, possibly shaved. Estimate: $60-$90 424. Klippe 8 reales, 1733MF. S-M28, CT-690; 26.7 grams. Choice, well-struck and richly toned XF with all data visible (particularly bold date and nice full crown), with typical large hole near edge, very desirable example of a popular type. Pedigreed to the Heritage 1995 A.N.A. sale, with lot-tag. Estimate: $750$1,000

101

Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

425. Copper 2 maravedís, Ferdinand-Isabel, very rare special issue struck in Seville, Spain, for use in the Caribbean. CT-500a, Cay-Type 5; 1.7 grams. Corroded like most coppers, but with most details at least faintly visible, including the all-important central F-Y that indicates the coin was struck specifically for use in the New World, also with some of the Gothic lettering in the legend visible, dark brown all over, VG net grade. Estimate: $150-$225

426. Copper 4 maravedís, assayer oF. S-SD1, CT-214; 2.5 grams. Clear central details (assayer, denomination, pillars and mintmark S-P), VF, mostly brown but with some original orange highlights and spots of green, two edge-splits. Estimate: $30-$50

428.½ real, Philip II, assayer Rincón (rare first coinage of South America). S-L1, CT-652; 1.8 grams. Choice details (bold RI and pillars and assayer R and mintmark P), full PHILIPVS in legend, attractively toned VF+, but a victim of its own beauty in that someone holed it near the edge long ago. Estimate: $225-$300

Shield-type

429. 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, mintmark “R” (die break), *-8 to left, P-oD to right. S-L4, CT-239; 27.0 grams. Typically nice strike on a large, round planchet, with full inner details and nearly full legends, lightly toned AVF with incidental old scratches and dings, but remarkable for its “R” mintmark that was proven long ago to be a progressive die-break (this one obviously struck very late in the die’s decay). Estimate: $750-$1,000

Lima, Peru Early pillars type

427. 4 reales, Philip II, assayer Rincón, rare first coinage of South America. S-L1, CT-385; 12.9 grams. This is an excellent specimen of this desirable rarity (effectively the highest denomination you can get from the first issue because the 8R is a five-figure coin of which only maybe 5 or 6 are known!), with nearly full legends and crown, full inner details, no doubling, Fine for wear, but with a slight hint of oxidation. Estimate: $2,500-$3,750

430. 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, P8 (flat top) to left, *-oD to right. S-L4, CT-238a; 26.7 grams. Round and well struck as usual, with full inner details (choice but slightly doubled cross), particularly nice full crown and some bold legend, lightly toned AVF with old scratch on cross, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Witte Museum collection, with Ponterio auction-lot tag from January 27, 1990. Estimate: $700-

$900

102

431. 4 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *4 to left, P-oD to right. S-L4, CT-398; 12.9 grams. Large flan, slightly off-center strike, good full shield and cross and crown, full PHILIPPVS in legend, VF with patchy toning. Estimate: $300-$400 432. 4 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, P4 to left, *-oD to right. S-L4, CT-400; 13.9 grams. Very broad planchet and high grade (AU), with very fine details (full cross and crown and shield), but rather doubled and dusty (needs cleaning). Estimate: $250$375 433. 2 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, P4 to left, *-oD to right, with Guatemala crown countermark (1663). S-L4, CT-529; 6.4 grams. Choice full cross with well-defined countermark, full but worn shield with clear *-oD to right, nicely toned Fine with hole near edge. Estimate: $200-$300 434. 2 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, Pii to left, *- oD to right. S-L4, CT-529; 6.6 grams. Choice high grade (AU) with excellent details but lightly doubled and darkly toned as from salvage. Recovered from the Chagres River in Panama. Estimate: $200-$300

435. 2 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, oD-* to right. S-L4, CT-530; 6.6 grams. Excellent full cross and shield and crown (all very slightly doubled), less legend than usual, richly toned XF (quite attractive) with virtually no signs of its salvage provenance. Recovered from the Chagres River in Panama. Estimate: $200-$300 436. 2 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *ii to left, P-oD to right. S-L4, CT-527; 6.4 grams. Bold full shield, full crown and cross, typically round and well struck, just a bit worn (AVF) and somewhat crudely toned. Estimate: $200-$250 437. 2 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, (P-ii) to left, *-oD to right. S-L4, CT-529; 6.8 grams. High grade (XF) but somewhat crude for type, still with full shield and cross, bold *-oD, lightly toned. Estimate: $150-$225 438. 2 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *ii to left, P-oD to right. S-L4, CT-527; 5.4 grams. Full shield and cross and crown and clear P-oD but worn (VG) and with weak strike in center, holed near edge, and probably lightly clipped or shaved. Estimate: $75-$110

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Pillars-and-waves

439. 8 reales, 1685R. S-L7, CT-217; 27.5 grams. Very broad planchet with full cross and pillars-and-waves, bold (CARO)LVS II in legend, three assayers, 1½ mintmarks, some flat spots but otherwise AVF, nicely toned. Estimate: $400-$600

440. 8 reales, 1685R. S-L7, CT-217; 27.4 grams. Richly toned VF with full waves, nearly full cross and pillars, 2½ mintmarks, 1½ dates, well-centered strike. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of February 24, 2001, with lot-tag. Estimate: $350-$500

441. 8 reales, 1687R. S-L7, CT-219; 27.4 grams. Full but slightly off-center cross and pillars, three assayers, one bold date and part of another, somewhat lightly struck Fine with dusty surfaces. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of April 7-8, 2000, with lot-tag. Estimate: $275-$400

442. 8 reales Royal, 1689V. S-L8, CT-212; 27.2 grams. Different dies than Lázaro #5 (and also larger flan), this specimen is far from perfect (holed near edge at top of pillars, lightly gilded, and with some doubling and flat spots) but is impressively large and round and shows all inner details clearly and could be quite affordable for the type. Estimate: $3,000-$5,000

443. 8 reales, 1690R. S-L9, CT-223; 26.4 grams. Thick in the middle and with taper to edge (hence flat peripheries), with full waves, good but incomplete cross and pillars, two denominations, part of king’s name, VF+ for actual wear. Estimate: $300-$450

444. 8 reales, 1692V. S-L10, CT-225; 27.0 grams. Full but slightly off-center pillars and cross, two mintmarks, three assayers, flat near edge, otherwise AVF, with spotty toning and a couple tiny chopmarks from circulation in the Orient. Estimate: $225-$350

104

445. 8 reales, 1694M. S-L11, CT-228; 27.3 grams. Two dates, clear assayer, nearly full cross and pillars, toned VF with some flatness, desirable one-year assayer. Estimate: $400-$600

448. 8 reales, 1717M. S-L20, CT-610; 26.6 grams. Good cross (nearly full) and one full pillar, bold date and assayer, toned Fine+ with peripheral flatness. Pedigreed

446. 8 reales, 1699R. S-L14, CT-234; 27.2 grams. Interestingly doubled pillars (bold strike) with effectively FOUR lines instead of three (SVL twice in middle), nearly full cross, some legend, attractively toned VF+. Estimate: $325-$475

449. 8 reales, 1738N. S-L21, CT-628; 27.0 grams. Bold date and mintmark and assayer, crude cross, lightly toned Fine with extensive peripheral flatness. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of April 27-28, 2001, with lot-tag. Estimate: $225-$350

447. 8 reales, 1703H. S-L15a, CT-598; 27.6 grams. Thick planchet with good centers (nearly full cross and pillars-and-waves), nice clear date and mintmark and assayer, dusty VF with patchy toning and tiny chopmarks from circulation in the Orient, very minor edge-split. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of September 13, 1997, with lot-tag. Estimate: $300-$450

to the Coin Galleries auction of November 10, 1993, with lottag. Estimate: $250-$375

450. 8 reales, 1739V. S-L22, CT-629a; 26.3 grams. Beautiful full cross and pillars due to good centering (because the peripheries are flat), VF with toning on fields only. Estimate: $300-$400

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detailed countermark on cross, lightly toned. Estimate: $200-$325

451. 8 reales, 1740V. S-L22, CT-631; 26.2 grams. Richly toned AXF with choice full cross, nearly full pillars, two mintmarks, parts of all three assayers, typically flat around edge. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of February 24, 2001, with lot-tag. Estimate: $250-$375

452. 8 reales, 1740V. S-L22, CT-631; 24.5 grams. Crudely holed near edge but with good full pillars-and-waves, two full dates, two mintmarks, 1Â˝ assayers, (PHILIPP)VS V in legend, richly toned AVF. Estimate: $125-$175

453. 8 reales, 1742V. S-L22, CT-633; 25.8 grams. Bold date, full pillars and cross (well centered), AXF with spotty toning, very minor edge-split. Estimate: $250$375

455. 2 reales Royal, 1727M, rare. S-L20b, CT-unlisted; 6.1 grams. Oddly not round, but still clearly a Royal with perfect details on a broad planchet, very richly toned on fields (excellent contrast), deep old scratch on pillars side and holed at top of pillars, AXF grade. Estimate: $750-$1,000

456. 2 reales Royal, 1732N, rare. S-L21, CT-unlisted; 6.5 grams. Perfectly round and with full inner details (particularly bold cross), once lightly gilded and with traces of toning on fields, AVF, holed past left arm of cross. Estimate: $1,500-$2,000

457. 2 reales, 1732N. S-L21, CT-1093; 6.3 grams. Nearly full cross, bold central detail on pillars side (full date, denomination), just a bit worn (Fine), with toning on fields. Estimate: $90-$120

458. 2 reales, 1733N, date in legend, very worn. S454. 8 reales, 1745V, with Guatemala sun-overmountains countermark (Type II, 1839). S-L22, CT636; 25.1 grams. Clear date and assayer and mintmark and most of cross despite wear (VG+), full and well-

L21, CT-1094; 6.0 grams. Clear 733 date in legend at

about 11 oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;clock, nearly full cross and good tops of pillars but otherwise weak due to wear (VG), lightly toned. Estimate: $60-$90 106

459. Lot of two coins of Philip V: one 2 reales 1742V and one ½ real Philip V assayer V (date not visible). 5.3 and 2.0 grams. Both coins a bit crude, the 2R with clear date and assayer but corroded as from unidentified salvage, the ½R with full monogram flanked by L and V but with other places flat, toned Fine. Estimate: $40-$60

460. 1 real, 1685R. S-L7, CT-580; 3.7 grams. Very broad, odd-shaped flan with good centers (AXF) but flat peripheries, two dates, three mintmarks, lightly toned. Estimate: $50-$75

463. 1 real, 1687R. S-L7, CT-582; 1.9 grams. Silvery and oxidized (and underweight) as from salvage, still with decent details, two dates and assayers, good cross and pillars, two small edge-splits. Recovered from the Chagres River in Panama. Estimate: $50-$75 464. 1 real, 1692V. S-L10, CT-589a; 3.3 grams. Broad flan with nice full pillars, most of cross, three assayers, clear date, VF+ with spotty toning and bits of green. Estimate: $50-$75

465. 1 real, 1693V. S-L10, CT-591; 2.6 grams. Good but off-center cross, nice tops of pillars, bold date, part of king’s name in legend, lightly toned AVF. Estimate: $50-$75 466. 1 real, 1695R. S-L12, CT-594; 2.8 grams. Attractive Fine+ with full cross and crown, nice tops of pillars, two assayers, bold (CA)ROLVS II and LIMA, richly toned, with crude hole near edge. Estimate: $50-$75

461. 1 real, 1686R. S-L7, CT-581; 4.9 grams. Another big flan, this one with two dates on pillars side (full but weak 1686 in legend), nearly full but weak pillars and cross, Fine with peripheral flatness and spotty toning. Estimate: $50-$75 467. 1 real, 1696(H). S-L13, CT-595; 3.1 grams. Lustrous but crude as silvery from salvage and cleaning, full cross, good waves, two mintmarks, 1½ dates, VF or better. Recovered from the Chagres River in Panama. Estimate: $50-$75 462. 1 real, 1686R, crude, odd-shaped planchet. SL7, CT-581; 2.3 grams. Arrowhead-shaped planchet with two small edge-splits, bold mintmark and date and assayer on pillars side, off-center cross with bold CARO(LVS) in legend, lightly toned Fine+. Estimate: $40-$60

468. 1 real, 1715M, nice. S-L20, CT-1309; 3.4 grams. Well-centered AVF with good full cross and pillars, clear date and assayer, dark and nicely contrasting toning on fields, a few old incidental scratches. Estimate: $60-$90

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469. 1 real, 1721M. S-L20, CT-1315; 2.6 grams. Big flan with good full cross, one full pillar, 1½ dates and assayers, lightly toned Fine with one minor edge-split. Estimate: $75-$110

474.½ real, 1684, nice. S-L6, CT-653; 1.2 grams. Nice full cross, bold date and monogram (off-center), toned VF with lightly pitted surfaces as probably from the Rimac River in Lima. Estimate: $40-$60 475.½ real, 1706, nice. S-L16, CT-1503; 1.6 grams. Richly toned VF with full monogram and date, nearly full cross, very attractive. Estimate: $50-$75

470. 1 real, 1725M, Louis I, rare. S-L20a, CT-32; 3.2 grams. Well-centered strike but with some peripheral flatness, most of cross, one full pillar, dark and slightly grainy from salvage (otherwise VF or better), no evidence of king’s name but Louis I by date. Recovered from the Chagres River in Panama. Estimate: $50-$75

471. 1 real, 1742V. S-L22, CT-1337; 3.1 grams. Choice full cross, full pillars, 3 assayers, 2 mintmarks, well centered strike, just not high grade (Fine+). Estimate: $70-$100

472. 1 real, 1751R, rare. S-L23, CT-unlisted; 2.8 grams. Bold date below well-defined (albeit incomplete) cross, clear mintmark on pillars side, worn (VG) and small, with toning on fields. Estimate: $35-$50 473. 1 real, Ferdinand VI, assayer R, flipover double-strike. S-L23, CT-Type 100; 2.8 grams. Very odd coin with at least of half the obverse design on the reverse and vice-versa, leaving only a castle or two, the top of one pillar, and the assayer R clear and bold, still pleasingly toned and decent grade (VF+). Estimate: $60-$90

476.½ real, 1708. S-L17, CT-1505; 1.3 grams. Lustrous and silvery as from salvage (otherwise XF or better), bold full date, nice full monogram and cross, well centered. Recovered from the Chagres River in Panama. Estimate: $35-$50 477.½ real, 1725, Louis I, rare. S-L20a, CT-39; 1.4 grams. Bold full Louis monogram with hint of date below, most of cross with still more of the date below that, VF or better with hardly a trace of its salvage origin. Recovered from the Chagres River in Panama. Estimate: $35-$50

478.½ real, (17)2(5), Louis I, rare. S-L20a, CT-39; 1.1 grams. Most of Louis monogram (bold) and cross, cleaned as from salvage but otherwise AVF, flat around edge. Recovered from the Chagres River in Panama. Estimate: $35-$50 479.½ real, 1726, rare. S-L20b, CT-unlisted; 1.1 grams. Small flan but big cross (nearly full), full Philip monogram and date, cleaned but starting to tone, salvaged XF. Recovered from the Chagres River in Panama. Estimate: $35-$50

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Peru/Bolivia

480. Group of two 1R cobs of the mid-1700s. 3.8 and 3.4 grams. Nice lot for showing the difference between Lima and Potosí by style in this period, the Lima piece with good cross and VF grade but date not visible (1730s-1750s), the Potosí coin with 1760 date but otherwise crude and only Fine, both lightly toned. Estimate: $50-$75

Potosí, Bolivia

483. 8 reales, Philip II, assayer A, error with denomination as o-VIIII. S-P11, CT-259; 27.1 grams. Curious error with extra “I” in denomination (sometimes touted as a “9 reales”), and a particularly high-grade example of it (lustrous AU), whitish from cleaning (no toning except for brown spots), doubled on the assayer but all other inner details full and nice. Estimate: $300-$450

Shield-type

481. 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B/S/L? (2nd period), “Great Module” type. S-P6, CT-Type 162; 27.2 grams. Huge flan (what Sellschopp termed “Great Module”), with all details visible, especially nice crown and P-B (the B at least modified from if not punched over an S and an L) but also full shield and cross, lots of bold legend, nicely toned VF. Estimate: $400-$600

482. 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (2nd period). S-P6, CT-Type 162; 27.2 grams. Choice high grade (AU) with nearly full legends and inner details (good crown) but lightly doubled all over, lustrous and with a hint of yellow toning. Estimate: $250-$375

484. 8 reales, Philip II, assayer A, error with denomination as o-VIIII. S-P11, CT-259; 26.4 grams. Nice full shield, full cross, full but weak P-A and denomination with extra “I”, some legend, AVF with light toning all over and some dark spots. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of March 8-9, 1991, with lot-tag. Estimate: $300-$450

485. 8 reales, Philip II, assayer A. S-P11, CT-258; 26.4 grams. Bold P-A, full shield and cross and nearly full crown, some legend, lightly toned Fine with edge-split and another area of stress fracturing near edge. Estimate: $275-$400

109

486. 8 reales, Philip II, assayer RL. S-P13, CT-260; 27.3 grams. Bold full shield and P-RL despite doubling, full cross (a bit crude) and nearly full crown, lustrous XF. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of June 2, 2001, with lottag. Estimate: $250-$375

487. 8 reales, Philip II, assayer RL. S-P13, CT-260; 28.8 grams. Aberrantly overweight (unusual for the mint to give away 2 grams of silver!), with very choice bold shield and cross, full crown and P-RL, elegantly toned all over, but with lacuna on cross and expertly plugged and retooled at bottom of shield, AXF. Estimate: $250-$375

488. 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (5th period), borders of x’s. S-P14, CT-256; 25.4 grams. Great full shield and cross, bold full P-B, clear borders of x’s on both sides, one small edge-split, lightly toned VF+. Estimate: $250-$375

489. 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (5th period), borders of x’s. S-P14, CT-256; 27.2 grams. Richly toned AVF with full shield and cross, bold P-B and denomination o-VIII, all four borders of x’s (inside and outside the legend) visible, curiously curved edgesplit. Estimate: $250-$375

490. 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (5th period), borders of boxes. S-P14, CT-257; 27.1 grams. Full shield and cross with weak centers, full crown, bold P-B and denomination o-VIII, some legend (including sunburst ornament at top of reverse), lightly toned VF. Estimate: $250-$375

491. 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (5th period), borders of boxes. S-P14, CT-257; 26.4 grams. High grade (near AU) and with good full crown and shield and cross (slightly doubled), weak assayer, prominent borders of boxes, partially toned, with edge-split. Estimate: $250-$375

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doubled shield and cross, Fine with toning on fields and some verdigris. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of June 2, 2001. Estimate: $150-$250

492. 8 reales, Philip III, assayer R (curved leg). SP15, CT-Type 54; 26.9 grams. Very attractive XF with full inner details (particularly nice cross) and P-R, richly toned, choice for issue. Estimate: $250-$350

496. 8 reales, Philip III, assayer R (curved leg). SP15, CT-Type 54; 27.1 grams. Nice full shield and P-R, parts of kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s name, full cross, lightly toned VF. Estimate: $150-$200

493. 8 reales, Philip III, assayer R (curved leg). SP15, CT-Type 54; 27.1 grams. Lustrous (cleaned) XF with full shield and cross, bold P-R, nice for issue. Estimate: $200-$300

497. 8 reales, Philip III, assayer R (curved leg). SP15, CT-Type 54; 26.9 grams. Bold full cross, good full shield (off-center), kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ordinal III in legend, lightly toned AVF with some minor doubling. Estimate: $125-$175 494. 8 reales, Philip III, assayer R (curved leg). SP15, CT-Type 54; 27.2 grams. Full but partially flat shield and cross, typically crude but bold details, toned AVF. Estimate: $175-$275

498. 8 reales, Philip III, assayer C, rare. S-P16, CTunlisted; 26.6 grams. Full and clear P-C, full but partially flat shield and cross, Fine for wear but appears to be salvaged as well. Estimate: $250-$350 495. 8 reales, Philip III, assayer R (curved leg). SP15, CT-Type 54; 27.0 grams. Bold assayer, full but 111

499. 8 reales, Philip III, assayer Q. S-P17, CT-151; 26.6 grams. Big, round flan with bold P-Q, full crown, full but lightly doubled shield, crudely doubled full cross, nicely toned VF, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Paul

502. 8 reales, Philip III, assayer M, cut down. S-P18, CT-unlisted; 23.1 grams. Small, oblong planchet (probably clipped or shaved) with bold full P-M, nice full shield and cross, lightly toned Fine+. Estimate: $150-$250

Karon collection, with Ponterio auction-lot tag from March 17, 1990. Estimate: $175-$275

500. 8 reales, Philip III, assayer Q. S-P17, CT-151; 27.5 grams. Bold Q that appears to be punched over a smaller Q (not a C), good full shield and cross (albeit typically crude), lightly toned VF with much verdigris. Estimate: $175-$250

501. 8 reales, Philip III, assayer Q. S-P17, CT-151; 27.0 grams. Full crown and shield and cross but with several flat spots, weak assayer, much legend, Fine with light orange sediment on fields. From the ca.-1629 “Panama hoard”. Estimate: $175-$250

503. 8 reales, (161)7M, first date on Potosí cobs. SP19, CT-157; 27.2 grams. Excellent full cross with bold full 7 of date next to a sunburst ornament, bold full shield and crown (slightly doubled), full assayer M, nice VF with a hint of toning. Estimate: $275-$350

504. 8 reales, (1)6(1)9T, quadrants of cross transposed. S-P21, CT-162a; 25.9 grams. Very bold full shield and denomination (clear assayer), doubled full cross with tail of 9 of date clear, nice AXF with small edge-split. Estimate: $225-$300

112

505. 8 reales, Philip III or IV, (1)62(?)T, mintmark “q”. 26.9 grams. Full and clear mintmark-assayer q+T, full but doubled shield and cross, bottom part of 62 of date visible, nicely toned AVF. Pedigreed to the Superior auction of December 5-6, 1997, with lot-tag. Estimate: $200-$300

508. 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer P (mid-1620s), quadrants of cross transposed. S-P23, CT-Type 102a; 27.7 grams. Nice full shield and P-P, full but slightly doubled cross, lightly toned AVF, scarce period.

506. 8 reales, Philip III or IV, assayer T (ca. 1620), mintmark P/”q”. 20.3 grams. Good but off-center shield and cross, clear P+T with mintmark P punched over former q, decent grade (VF) but clipped down to low weight. Estimate: $200-$300

509. 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer •P (mid-1620s), quadrants of cross transposed and with rotated lions, partial date. S-P23, CT-Type 102a; 27.0 grams. Full cross with the lions rotated within their quadrants clockwise 90 degrees from normal, clear 16 of date, full shield (some flat spots), bold (PHIL)IPVS IIII in legend, lightly toned Fine with minor verdigris. Estimate: $200-$300

507. 8 reales, Philip III or IV, assayer not visible (ca. 1620), quadrants of cross transposed, mounted in silver and gold (14K) necklace bezel. 34.8 grams (with bezel). Decent full cross and shield, darkly toned, Fine for wear but obviously well used as jewelry, the bezel itself with gold bale and clips but twisted silver for the wrap. Estimate: $200-$300

510. 8 reales, 1628T, •P•T•, denomination O-VIII. SP24, CT-490; 27.3 grams. Lustrous AU or possibly even Mint State with nice full shield and crown and •P•T•, full but slightly doubled cross, bottom half of 16 and bases of 28 of date, no toning (probably lightly cleaned). Estimate: $200-$300

Pedigreed to the Coin Galleries auction of August 19, 1987, with lot-tag. Estimate: $200-$300

113

511. 8 reales, 1629T, •P•T•, denomination 8, large dots in border. S-P26, CT-492; 27.0 grams. Clear bottom half of 9 and base of 162 of date, full shield and denomination and cross, lustrous and non-toned AU (probably lightly cleaned). Estimate: $400-$600

512. 8 reales, (162)9T, large dots in border. S-P26, CT-492; 26.9 grams. Very bold full 9 of date, nice and bold full shield and cross (albeit both slightly doubled), lightly toned XF+ with spots of green. Estimate: $300-$400

513. 8 reales, (1)629(T), denomination oVIII, large dots in border. S-P26, CT-492; 27.2 grams. Full date, nice full shield and cross (latter slightly off-center), lightly toned VF with spots of green. Estimate: $300-$400

514. 8 reales, (1)629(T), denomination 8, large dots in border. S-P26, CT-492; 27.2 grams. Full 29 of date (the 2 plainly a Z punch), bold cross, well-detailed but incomplete shield, full crown, part of edge crude, lightly toned AXF with green spots. Estimate: $300$400

515. 8 reales, (16)29T, denomination •8•, small dots in border. S-P26, CT-492; 26.5 grams. Good full cross, full shield, very weak date, lightly toned all over (no contrast), VF grade. Estimate: $200-$300

516. 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer T (ca. 1629), •P•T•, denomination O-VIII, large dots in border. S-P26, CT-492; 26.7 grams. Nice full shield, doubled full cross, good details accentuated by prominent orange clay on fields, AXF grade. From the ca.-1629 “Panama hoard”. Estimate: $175-$250

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517. 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer T (ca. 1629), •P•T•, denomination O-VIII, large dots in border. S-P26, CT-492; 27.1 grams. Lustrous AU with nice full shield, full but doubled cross, bold king’s ordinal IIII, spots of verdigris. Estimate: $175-$250

518. 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer T (ca. 1629), •P•T•, denomination •8•, large dots in border. S-P26, CT-492; 27.1 grams. Nice full shield (just a little doubled at top), full cross with old scratch, nice rich toning all over, XF or better. Pedigreed to the Paul Karon collection, with Ponterio auction-lot tag of March 17, 1990. Estimate: $200$300

519. 8 reales, 1630(T). S-P26, CT-494; 26.8 grams. Full date but crude strike (doubling, flatness), nicely detailed shield, most of king’s name in legend, XF for wear, cleaned but starting to tone. Estimate: $300$400

520. 8 reales, 1630(T). S-P26, CT-494; 27.5 grams. Bold 30 of date, nice but doubled shield, weak cross, some legend, planchet of very uneven thickness, lightly toned VF+ with green spots. Estimate: $300-$400

521. 8 reales, 1(6)30(T). S-P26, CT-494; 27.4 grams. Bold 1 and 30 of date, nice full shield, full cross, most of king’s name in legend, lightly toned XF with much verdigris. Estimate: $300-$400

522. 8 reales, 163(0)T. S-P26, CT-494; 27.2 grams. Weak but certain date, excellent full shield, full cross, bold ordinal IIII in legend, full mintmark-assayer •P•T•, lightly cleaned VF with flat spots. Estimate: $175$250

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523. 8 reales, (1630-1)T, with cross-crosslet ornament between mintmark and assayer, choice. S-P26, CT-494; 27.1 grams. Lustrous AU (lightly cleaned) with full P+T, choice full shield and cross, one edgesplit, a rather desirable specimen. Estimate: $175$250

526. 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer O, no countermark (scarce). S-P35, CT-Type 102a; 25.9 grams. Round planchet with small full shield and nearly full PHILIPPVS IIII, full but partially weak cross, Fine with several patches of brown and green that may indicate substandard purity. Estimate: $150-$225

524. 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer FR. S-P28, CT-unlisted; 26.8 grams. Full cross and shield, right half of FR only (enough to be sure), attractively toned AVF, part of edge crude. Estimate: $175-$250

527. 4 reales, Philip II, assayer M, rare. S-P2, CT-391 (under Lima); 12.4 grams. Typically round and well detailed, with full shield and cross and P-M, but grainy all over from salvage (Rimac River?) otherwise AVF, with contrasting toning on fields. Estimate: $200$300

525. 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer O on both sides (post-1649), with unidentified countermark. S-P35, CT-Type 102a; 28.1 grams. Big, oblong flan that is actually overweight (which should dispel the myth that these countermarked coins were called 7Â˝ reales because of low weight), bold crown above full shield, full cross with top half of countermark (just the crown), Fine but with contrasting toning. Pedigreed to

528. 4 reales, Philip II, assayer L, scarce. S-P3, CT395 (under Lima); 13.8 grams. Choice, well-detailed crown above full shield, full cross, bold P-L, some legend, VF with minor flat spots, lightly toned. Estimate: $200-$300

the Craig A. Whitford auction of November 24-25, 1995, with lot-tag. Estimate: $175-$250

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nice full shield and crown, just with flat spot where the assayer should appear, Fine+ with dark brown sediment in crevices. Estimate: $110-$165

529. 4 reales, Philip II, assayer B (2nd period), “Great Module” type. S-P6, CT-393 (under Lima); 13.7 grams. Very broad flan (“Great Module”) with choice bold legends and crown, full inner details, XF with flat centers, lightly toned. Estimate: $250-$475

533. 4 reales, Philip II, assayer B (5th period), borders of boxes. S-P14, CT-412; 13.4 grams. Nice and full but doubled crown and shield and cross, bold assayer B, lightly toned AVF. Estimate: $150-$225

530. 4 reales, Philip II, assayer C, very rare. S-P5, CT-380 (under La Plata); 13.7 grams. Extremely high grade (essentially Mint State) but with distracting spots of dark toning (needs to be professionally conserved), choice full cross and shield, much legend, typically messy erasure between mintmark and assayer. Estimate: $750-$1,000

534. 4 reales, Philip II, assayer B (5th period), borders of boxes. S-P14, CT-412; 13.2 grams. Cleaned and darkly retoned, with good full shield and crown and cross, bold P-B, VF for wear. Estimate: $120$180

531. 4 reales, Philip II, assayer A. S-P11, CT-415; 13.7 grams. Choice full shield and cross, nearly full crown and P-A, bold denomination, some legend, nicely toned VF. Estimate: $150-$225

535. 4 reales, Philip III, assayer R (curved leg). SP15, CT-unlisted; 13.4 grams. Round flan with bold full shield and cross, P-R and denomination, nearly full crown, VF+ with patchy toning. Estimate: $125-$175

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532. 4 reales, Philip II, assayer not visible (style of assayer A). S-P11, CT-415; 13.2 grams. Bold full cross, 117

536. 4 reales, Philip III, assayer R (curved leg), backwards S in legend. S-P15, CT-unlisted; 13.2 grams. Crude strike (much flatness) on a roundish flan, full assayer and shield and cross, About Fine grade, desirable for the clear backwards S in the obverse legend at about 7 o’clock. Estimate: $100-$150

537. 4 reales, Philip III, assayer Q. S-P17, CT-250; 13.1 grams. Bold full shield and cross (both doubled) and PQ and denomination, VF with contrasting toning on fields. Estimate: $150-$225

538. 4 reales, Philip IV, assayer T (ca. 1629), large dots in border, unique error with castle missing in shield. S-P26, CT-Type 122; 13.4 grams. Good full cross and shield, full P-T, lustrous non-toned XF (probably cleaned), but most interesting aspect is that the bottom-right castle in the shield is totally missing! Estimate: $250-$375

539. 4 reales, Philip IV, assayer T (ca. 1629), large dots in border. S-P26, CT-Type 122; 13.6 grams. Welldetailed full shield (off-center), good full cross, full PT, somewhat odd shape, lustrous XF (probably cleaned). Estimate: $200-$300

540. 4 reales, Philip IV, assayer T (ca. 1630), •P•T•, denomination o-IIII, small dots in border. S-P26, CTType 122; 13.7 grams. Choice full shield with intricate details, full but doubled cross, roundish flan, bluetoned XF+. Estimate: $250-$350

541. 2 reales, Philip II, assayer Rincón, rare first coinage of the mint. S-P1, CT-520 (under Lima); 6.1 grams. Perfectly round (possibly lightly shaved) with full inner details (shield and cross), bold P-R, nearly full crown, AVF with expertly repaired hole past right arm of cross. Estimate: $175-$225

542. 2 reales, Philip II, assayer L, salvaged. S-P3, CTType 303 (under Lima); 5.6 grams. Big, roundish flan with good full shield and cross, bold P-L, most of crown and some legend, darkly toned and bit oxidized from salvage, otherwise VF or better. Probably from the Rimac River in Lima, Peru. Estimate: $175-$225

543. 2 reales, Philip II, assayer RL. S-P13, CT-544; 6.5 grams. Bold RL, full shield and cross, but crude surfaces (salvaged?) and patchy toning, Fine for wear. Estimate: $50-$75

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544. 2 reales, Philip III, assayer C/Q (rare). S-P16, CT-unlisted; 6.4 grams. Choice full cross-lions-castles, full but off-center shield with old incidental scratches, clear C/Q, nicely toned VF. Estimate: $200-$250 545. 2 reales, (1622)P/T, quadrants of cross transposed, rare. S-P22, CT-unlisted; 6.6 grams. Excellent full cross, good full shield with flat spot, bold P+P with clear P/T, lightly toned VF. Estimate: $200-$300 546. 2 reales, (1)627T, extremely rare. S-P24, CTunlisted; 6.7 grams. Very choice high grade (AU+) and a lovely strike as well, with full shield and cross, full •P•T• and denomination •Z•, but most important feature is the clear bottom parts of 627 of the date (missing in all published collections), also somewhat lustrous (lightly cleaned). Estimate: $350-$500 547. 2 reales, Philip IV, assayer T (late 1620s). S-P24, CT-Type 103; 6.9 grams. Choice full cross and shield, nicely toned XF, two small edge-splits. Estimate: $150-$250 548. 1 real, Philip II, assayer Rincón, rare first coinage of mint. S-P1, CT-608 (under Lima); 2.8 grams. Perfectly round (probably shaved), with bold P-R and nice full shield, full but off-center cross, partially toned Fine (a little grainy). Estimate: $90-$120

549. 1 real, Philip II, assayer L. S-P3, CT-613 (under Lima); 3.1 grams. Choice full shield and cross and P-L, nearly full but flat crown, much legend, nicely toned AVF with two crude holes at bottom of shield. Estimate: $90-$120 550. 1 real, Philip II, assayer L. S-P3, CT-613 (under Lima); 2.5 grams. Large round flan with full cross and shield, clear P-L, but crudely holed in shield and worn (VG+) and crudely toned, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Sellschopp collection, with SBC auction-lot tag (undated). Estimate: $70-$100 551. 1 real, Philip II, assayer B (1st period, “Lima style”). S-P4, CT-612 (under Lima); 3.3 grams. Very crisp detail all over (full shield and cross and crown), some legend, nicely toned VF with very minor flat streak. Estimate: $90-$120 552. 1 real, Philip II, assayer B (3rd period). S-P10, CT-621; 3.3 grams. Good full shield and cross, most of crown, round flan, lightly toned AVF with minor flat spots. Estimate: $50-$75 553. 1 real, Philip II, assayer A. S-P11, CT-622; 3.2 grams. Roundish flan with clear P-A, full shield and crown, cross a bit crude but all there, toned Fine, possibly salvaged. Estimate: $60-$90

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554. 1 real, Philip II, assayer B (5th period). S-P14, CT-621; 3.3 grams. Full shield and cross and P-B, AVF with nicely contrasting toning on fields. Estimate: $70-$100

560. 1 real, (16)37, assayer not visible, rare. CT-Type 165a; 3.5 grams. Clear 37 of date, full shield and cross, lightly toned VF. Estimate: $75-$100

555. 1 real, Philip III, assayer M, quadrants of cross transposed. S-P18, CT-420; 3.2 grams. Full P•M and shield and cross, toned Fine with incidental marks, crude hole at edge, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Sellschopp collection, Plate Coin #384. Estimate: $60-$90

556. 1 real, (1)626T, very rare. S-P24, CT-unlisted; 2.9 grams. Nice full shield and cross, full •P•T, clear 2 of date and bottom half of 6 (which is so rare that our own Practical Book of Cobs says “1626T may exist”!), Fine+ with contrasting toning on fields. Estimate: $125-$175 557. 1 real, (16)28P/T, rare. S-P25, CT-unlisted; 3.3 grams. Choice full shield, bold P•P with clear P/T, offcenter cross, weak date, nicely toned VF. Estimate: $100-$150

558. 1 real, (16)29T, rare. S-P26, CT-unlisted; 3.3 grams. Very eye-catching full cross and shield (due to contrasting toning), prominent tail of 9 of date, AVF. Estimate: $100-$150 559. 1 real, 1636T, rare. S-P26, CT-unlisted; 3.2 grams. Richly toned AVF with good full shield and P•T, clear bottom half of date next to doubled and off-center cross, spots of verdigris. Estimate: $125-$175

561. 1 real, (16)38TR, very rare. S-P27, CT-Type 165a; 3.4 grams. Bold bottom half of 38 of date (first example I have ever seen), crude strike but nearly full shield and most of cross (peripheral flatness), Fine or so. Estimate: $75-$100

562. 1 real, 1644TR, rare. S-P29, CT-883; 3.6 grams. Bold and 100% full date, good full shield, nearly full cross, bold P-TR (looks like R but under a loupe the top of T does extend to left), toned Fine, crudely holed at top of shield. Estimate: $100-$150 563. 1 real, 1645, assayer not visible, rare. CT-Type 165a; 3.2 grams. Bold and 100% full date with the bottom tail of the 5 disrupted by the border, nearly full shield and cross (½R-sized lions and castles), AVF with flatness, tiny green spots. Estimate: $100-$150

564. 1 real, 164(?), assayer not visible. CT-Type 165a; 3.3 grams. Small, thick flan with full shield, off-center cross, bold ANO 164 but last digit of date off the edge, crudely toned (possibly debased silver) AVF with edge-split. Estimate: $35-$50 565. 1 real, Philip IV, assayer Z. S-P34, CT-Type 165a; 3.3 grams. Nice full shield and P-Z, full cross with flat areas, lightly toned AVF, scarce assayer. Estimate: $60-$90

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566. 1 real, (16)50(O). S-P35, CT-893; 3.4 grams. Bold 50 of date, nice full shield and cross, AVF with contrasting toning on fields. Estimate: $175-$250 567. 1 real, 165(?)O. S-P35; CT-Type 165a; 3.0 grams. Bold 65 of date, nearly full cross and shield but crudely toned, net grade Fine. Estimate: $60-$90

568. 1 real, (165)1E. S-P36, CT-897; 3.2 grams. Nice full cross and nearly full shield, full final digit 1 of date, flat near edges but VF interior details, crudely holed in shield. Estimate: $60-$90

1652 Transitionals

572. 1 real, (1652)E, Type V. S-P37, CT-Type 165d; 3.7 grams. Full cross and pillars, much flatness but enough details to attribute, crudely toned Fine. Estimate: $60$90 573. 1 real, (1652?)E, unlisted Type with nothing above middle of waves. S-P37, CT-Type 165d; 3.1 grams. Nearly full off-center cross, one full pillar, bold P and E, some flat spots but otherwise Fine, toned on fields, a little grainy, style appears to be a little later but lack of anything in middle above waves is more characteristic of the 1652 transitionals. Estimate: $50$75

574. ½ real, (1652E), Type II-b. S-P37, CT-957 (under Lima); 1.0 gram. Full but off-center cross and pillars, nicely contrasting toning, VF+ with flat area near one edge. Estimate: $100-$150

569. 1 real, (165)2E, Type III. S-P37, CT-Type 165b; 2.7 grams. Very crude strike with central portion flat but still attributable (A-P-5 to left of shield, A and E to left of pillars, 165 of date in legend, probably XF for actual wear. Estimate: $60-$90

575. ½ real, (1652E), Type II-c. S-P37, CT-957 (under Lima); 0.8 gram. Nearly full pillars and crown above but cross side messy, About Fine with patchy toning. Estimate: $50-$75

Pillars-and-waves

570. 1 real, (1652)E, Type V. S-P37, CT-Type 165d; 3.7 grams. Very choice details (full cross and pillars, two full crowns), thick flan, lightly toned XF+, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Sellschopp collection, with SBC auction-lot tag of September, 1988. Estimate: $150-$225

571. 1 real, (165)2E, Type V. S-P37, CT-Type 165d; 2.1 grams. Choice full inner details (cross and pillars), 2 of date in legend, nicely toned AVF. Estimate: $90-$120

576. 8 reales, 1652E, post-transitional (Type VIII/ B). S-P37a, CT-433; 26.9 grams. Good full cross and pillars-and-waves (some minor flatness) with bold 1PH-6 at top, three mintmarks, two assayers, king’s ordinal IIII, nicely toned VF+. Estimate: $300-$450

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577. 8 reales, 1652E, post-transitional (Type VIII/ B). S-P37a, CT-433; 27.4 grams. Nice full cross with bold date below, full but doubled pillars-and-waves with bold 1-PH-6 at top, third date in legend, 2½ assayers, non-toned VF+. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of June 5, 1999, with lot-tag. Estimate: $400-$550

578. 8 reales Royal, 1656E. S-P37a, CT-441; 24.7 grams. An exact die-match with Lázaro #145, with typically beautifully detailed (and also nicely toned) pillars side (AVF) but cross side unusually worn and flat (AVG), also not quite round, nice legends, a bit light in weight (probably shaved). Estimate: $1,500-$2,500

579. 8 reales, 1658E, with “Golden Fleece” countermark of Brabant, Spanish Netherlands (1652-72). S-P37a, CT-467; 27.1 grams. Decent full cross with nearly full countermark (scarce) and bold date, king’s ordinal IIII, full pillars-and-waves with bottom half of 1658 in legend, planchet flaw on top of left pillar, lightly toned Fine+. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of September 9, 2005, with lot-tag. Estimate: $325$475

580. 8 reales, 1658E. S-P37a, CT-467; 27.9 grams. Full pillars-and-waves (the waves particularly bold) with flat spots, the cross also mostly flat, but will two bold mintmarks, clear date, bold king’s ordinal IIII, net grade Fine. Pedigreed to the Craig A. Whitford auction of November 29, 1993, with lot-tag. Estimate: $150-$225

581. 8 reales, 1663E, scarce date. S-P37a, CT-474; 26.6 grams. Full pillars and bold full waves, crudely doubled cross, off-center strike on odd-shaped flan, 1½ dates, two assayers, bold king’s ordinal IIII, VF with flat spots. Estimate: $175-$250

582. 8 reales, 1665E. S-P37a, CT-476; 26.1 grams. Nice full cross and crown and pillars-and-waves, three dates (full 1665 in legend), two assayers, Fine+ with patchy toning and peripheral flatness. Pedigreed to the Worldwide Coins of California auction #XXXIV (November, 1998), with lottag. Estimate: $350-$500

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586. 8 reales, 1672E. S-P37b, CT-304; 26.8 grams. One full pillar, off-center cross, 2½ assayers, 1½ dates, nice crown, crude edge, lightly toned AVF with flat spots. Estimate: $250-$375

583. 8 reales, 1665E. S-P37a, CT-476; 27.1 grams. Excellent full cross, bold pillars-and-waves (with flat areas) topped by a beautiful full crown and with bold POTOSÍ in legend, two dates and mintmarks, AVF with contrasting toning. Estimate: $350-$500

584. 8 reales, 1667E. S-P37b, CT-299; 28.3 grams. Choice full cross and crown, full but slightly crude pillarsand-waves, two dates and assayers and mintmarks, attractively toned VF but unfortunately without any part of king’s name or ordinal visible (most likely Charles II). Estimate: $250-$375

585. 8 reales, 1667E, crude but important transitional date (Charles II). S-P37b, CT-299; 27.5 grams. Bold waves, full but crude pillars and cross, two partial dates, two assayers, (CA)ROLV(S) in legend, VF for wear but with much flatness, lightly toned, one small edge-split. Estimate: $175-$250

587. 8 reales, 1679C. S-P38, CT-312a; 25.6 grams. Nice full pillars-and-waves (minor doubling), good full cross, three bold assayers, two dates, 2½ mintmarks, VF+ with light gray toning all over, possibly salvaged (but well before the finds from the Consolación of 1681). Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of February 26-27, 1993. Estimate: $350-$500

588. 8 reales, 1682V. S-P39, CT-317; 26.8 grams. Broad flan with full cross, good full pillars-and-waves, three assayers, two dates, typical AVF with flat areas, lightly toned. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of April 23-24, 1992, with lot-tag. Estimate: $350-$500

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589. 8 reales, 1683V, choice. S-P39, CT-318; 27.5 grams. Choice bold cross and pillars-and-waves, two dates, three mintmarks and assayers, nicely toned VF, very attractive. Estimate: $600-$800

590. 8 reales, 1690VR. S-P40, CT-327; 26.8 grams. Choice full pillars-and-waves, good but off-center cross, full crown, three mintmarks and two assayers, richly toned VF+. Pedigreed to the Worldwide Coins of California auction #XXXVIII (November, 2000), with lot-tag. Estimate: $350-$500

592. 8 reales, 1706Y. S-P43a, CT-752; 26.1 grams. Typically chunky and crude but with full cross, two dates, toned Fine. Estimate: $150-$225

593. 8 reales, 1716Y. S-P43a, CT-719; 25.7 grams. Nice full pillars and crown and cross, two assayers, 1Â˝ dates, AVF with flat spots. Estimate: $250-$375

594. 8 reales, 1726Y, Louis I, rare. S-P43b, CT-18; 26.5 grams. Full cross and pillars-and-waves with three full dates (rare thus), two assayers, kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s name not visible but attributable by date, unevenly toned Fine. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of January 18-19, 2003, with lot-tag. Estimate: $750-$1,000

591. 8 reales, 1694VR. S-P40, CT-331; 26.1 grams. Overly toned and slightly encrusted AVF with full cross, one full pillar, two dates and assayers, three mintmarks, edge-split. Estimate: $175-$250 595. 8 reales, 1729M. S-P44, CT-772; 26.7 grams. Welldetailed pillars side with two bold dates, bold mintmark and assayer, full ANO below waves, full but crude cross with third date, richly toned VF, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Emilio Ortiz collection, with UBS auction-lot tag from September 17, 1991. Estimate: $400$600 124

596. 8 reales Royal, 1739M. S-P47, CT-733; 25.3 grams. Typically round and thick, with all inner details boldly and evenly struck, also nicely toned, AVF grade, with usual hole at top of pillars. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of March 17, 1987, with lot-tag. Estimate: $3,000$5,000

600. 8 reales, 1765V-(Y), probably a contemporary counterfeit. S-P57, CT-862; 19.7 grams. Thick and chunky and with correct details (nearly full cross, bold date and denomination) and obviously well circulated (VG), but vastly underweight and incorrect color, so a contemporary counterfeit is the most likely possibility. Estimate: $75-$125

597. 8 reales, 1743C. S-P49, CT-793; 26.9 grams. Interesting shape, very uneven thickness, with nice full cross, full pillars, bold date and assayer, AVF with contrasting toning, with tiny hole through second O of (P)OTOS(I). Estimate: $225-$350

601. 8 reales, 1771V-(Y). S-P59, CT-869; 27.0 grams. Large squarish flan with very bold cross and pillars, full date, brown-toned VF+ for type. Estimate: $125$175

598. 8 reales, 1749q. S-P50a, CT-307; 26.6 grams. Nearly full cross and pillars, bold full date, two mintmarks, relatively high grade (AXF) as probably from a shipwreck, cleaned and retoned. Estimate: $300-$450

602. 8 reales, 1772(V-Y). S-P59, CT-870; 27.1 grams. Curiously oblong planchet (typically thick and chunky) with bold full date above waves, middle part of cross, lightly toned VF (for type) with much flatness. Pedigreed to the Craig A. Whitford auction of November 29, 1993, with lot-tag. Estimate: $200-$300

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599. 8 reales, 1761V-(Y). S-P57, CT-858; 26.8 grams. Very thick and chunky, with good full cross, full pillars-and-waves, two dates, full assayer V and parts of two others, lightly toned Fine. Estimate: $175$250 125

603. Approximate half-cut of an 8 reales, mid- to late 1700s. 11.4 grams. An interesting cut piece (small change?) with one castle and denomination 8 clear, Fine for wear, sharp cuts but not modern. Estimate: $50-$75

607. 4 reales, 1700F. S-P42, CT-435 (not “FE”); 12.0 grams. Full pillars, nearly full cross, clear date, lightly toned VF, nice for era, rare with CA(ROLVS) visible. Estimate: $150-$225

604. 4 reales, 1657E. S-P37a, CT-667; 10.5 grams. Full cross, nice tops of pillars, bold mintmark and assayer, but crudely toned and encrusted (probably salvaged), AVF for wear. Estimate: $100-$150

608. 4 reales, 1701Y. S-P43, CT-922 (under Philip V); 12.5 grams. Typically crude strike (in fact double-struck 180 degrees) yet with full cross and pillars, darkly toned Fine with minor oxidation (possibly salvaged). Estimate: $150-$225

605. 4 reales, 1669E. S-37b, CT-401; 13.3 grams. Very broad flan but with lots of flatness, full but off-center cross, bold date between pillars, three mintmarks, nontoned AVF with edge-split, verdigris. Estimate: $175$250

606. 4 reales, 1690VR. S-P40, CT-424; 13.0 grams. Full cross and pillars, two bold assayers, typically good details but worn (About Fine), scratched, and crudely holed at left end of cross, toned on fields. Estimate: $120-$180

609. 4 reales, 1739M. S-P47, CT-960; 13.5 grams. Choice full cross, full pillars, three assayers, two mintmarks, 1½ dates, lightly toned AXF with light gray encrustation in crevices. Estimate: $150-$225

610. 4 reales, 1747(q). 13.0 grams. Bold date between pillars (slight double-strike in the waves makes it look like 742), good but off-center cross, king not certain, nicely toned VF. Estimate: $200-$300

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611. 4 reales, 1769(V-Y), interesting shape. S-P57, CT-1054; 13.3 grams. Very odd shape, full pillar, bold but incomplete cross, richly toned VF+ with two bold dates. Estimate: $175-$250

615. 2 reales, 1690VR. S-P40, CT-513; 5.7 grams. Round flan (possibly shaved) with full cross and pillars-andwaves, two dates, Fine with contrasting toning on fields, holed at top of cross and again in a flat area near the edge (plus another attempted hole). Estimate: $60-$90

616. 2 reales, 1713?Y. S-P43a, CT-1157; 5.8 grams. Very odd “butterfly” shape (cut down after minting), one full pillar, some cross, bold denomination and most of date (last digit not 100%), toned About Fine with old scratches and brown sediment in crevices. Estimate: $60-$90

612. 4 reales, 1771(V-Y). S-P59, CT-1056; 13.4 grams. Typically chunky (fat in middle, thin around edge), most of cross and pillars (well centered), 1½ dates, rainbow-toned Fine. Estimate: $120-$180

613. 2 reales, 1689VR. S-P40, CT-512; 6.5 grams. Good pillars and cross (not 100% full), two dates and assayers and mintmarks, nicely toned VF with tiny hole in flat area. Estimate: $110-$160

617. 2 reales, 1718Y. S-P43a, CT-1162; 7.2 grams. Attractively oblong flan with nice full pillars, good but off-center cross, clear date, three bold assayers, part of king’s name in legend, lightly toned AVF. Estimate: $125-$175

614. 2 reales, 1689VR. S-P40, CT-512; 5.2 grams. Huge and very odd-shaped flan (yet incredibly underweight), with choice full cross, good but off-center pillars, two bold mintmarks, three assayers, nicely toned VF but very slightly grainy (possibly salvaged). Estimate: $90-$120

618. 2 reales, 1726Y, Louis I, rare. S-P43b, CT-29; 6.9 grams. Good full cross and pillars-and-waves (well centered on a roundish flan), two dates and assayers, faint part of king’s name and ordinal in legend, About Fine with dark fields and tan tone. Estimate: $150$200

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625. 2 reales, 1749q. S-P50a, CT-444; 6.5 grams. Bold and full but off-center cross, good full pillars, AVF, typically crude. Estimate: $75-$110

619. 2 reales, 1735E. S-P46, CT-1181; 6.6 grams. Highgrade (XF) hoard specimen, with full cross and pillars, typically chunky, three assayers, brown toning with spots of green. From a ca.-1743 hoard near Puno, Peru. Estimate: $90-$135

626. 2 reales, 1750E. S-P51, CT-446; 6.6 grams. Full pillars-and-waves, good full cross (slightly doubled), richly toned AXF, three assayers, two mintmarks, chunky but nice. Estimate: $100-$150

620. 2 reales, 1735E. S-P46, CT-1181; 6.4 grams. Bold full cross with full date below, full pillars with second full date, Fine with toning on fields, slightly oxidized and part of edge crude. Estimate: $90-$120 621. 2 reales, 1739M. S-P47, CT-1186; 6.4 grams. Choice full cross and pillars, typically chunky planchet but with more detail than usual, three mintmarks, 1Â˝ dates and assayers, lightly toned AVF. Estimate: $125-$175 622. 2 reales, 1741P. S-P48, CT-1189; 5.6 grams. Very worn (Good) but with bold date, nearly full pillars, recognizable cross, tan toning. Estimate: $50-$75 623. 2 reales, 1742P. S-P48, CT-1190; 3.8 grams. Good full cross, bold date, typically chunky, mostly darkly toned with bright green sediment, inexplicably underweight. Estimate: $75-$110 624. 2 reales, 1745q. S-P50, CT-1195; 6.6 grams. Bold date on decent pillars side, nearly full but doubled cross with second date below, three assayers, nicely toned AVF, very chunky and crude. Estimate: $90$120

627. 2 reales, 1753C. S-P53, CT-452; 6.3 grams. Bold full cross, crude pillars, roundish and chunky flan, VG with good contrast. Estimate: $60-$90 628. 2 reales, 1755(q). S-P54, CT-455; 6.4 grams. Two dates, nearly full cross, typically crude and chunky flan, lightly toned Fine+ with green spots. Estimate: $75-$110 629. 2 reales, 1758q. S-P54, CT-458; 7.0 grams. Odd shape, typically chunky and crude, with nearly full cross and pillars, lightly toned Fine. Estimate: $75$110 630. 2 reales, 1759q. S-P54, CT-459; 6.5 grams. Rectangular flan (typically crude), very high grade for type (XF) but with off-center cross, full pillars-andwaves, lightly toned. Estimate: $50-$75

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636. 1 real, 1652E, post-transitional. S-P37a, CT-Type 165c; 2.4 grams. Full but weak cross and pillars-andwaves, two dates, PH above pillars, Fine with flatness, spotty toning, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Sellschopp collection, with SBC auction-lot tag. Estimate: $40-$60

631. 2 reales, 1760V-(Y). S-P57, CT-1230a; 6.9 grams. Nearly full pillars that lean into each other at top, also nearly full cross, but typically crude and chunky, VF for era, no toning but some encrustation. Estimate: $75-$110

637. 1 real, 1653E. S-P37a, CT-901; 3.5 grams. Off-center strike with two bold dates (one in legend), kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ordinal IIII, lightly toned Fine. Estimate: $50-$75

632. 2 reales, 1761V-Y. S-P57, CT-1231; 6.6 grams. Very crude edge and shape, still with nearly full cross and pillars, bold date, full assayer Y, Fine+ with sediment on fields. Estimate: $60-$90

638. 1 real, 1654E. S-P37a, CT-902; 3.9 grams. Full cross, one nice full pillar, good waves, two assayers and dates, the one between the pillars with the 5 curiously tilted to fit, Fine+ with contrasting toning. Estimate: $70-$100

633. 2 reales, 1762V-(Y). S-P57, CT-1232; 6.7 grams. Lustrous and high grade (AXF) but details not as bold as most, full cross and pillars, two dates, full assayer V, no toning. Estimate: $60-$90

639. 1 real, 1660E. S-P37a, CT-908; 3.6 grams. Great full cross, off-center pillars, two bold assayers, (P)HILIPVS in legend, richly toned VF with some luster. Estimate: $35-$55

634. 2 reales, 1768(V-Y). S-P57, CT-1238; 6.6 grams. Excellent full cross (very rustic), full pillars, chunky flan but nice for period, toned Fine+ with crude hole at bottom of cross. Estimate: $50-$75 635. 2 reales, 1772(V-Y). S-P59, CT-1242; 6.3 grams. Large cross (mostly there), bold date, colorful toning (some luster), Fine with flat spots. Estimate: $75$110

640. 1 real, 1666E. S-P37a, CT-914; 2.7 grams. Very choice full pillars, excellent full cross, two mintmarks and assayers, nicely toned AVF with hole near edge. Estimate: $75-$110

641. 1 real, 1666E. S-P37a, CT-914; 4.7 grams. Strangely overweight, with full cross and nearly full pillars, three dates, About Fine with much flatness, spotty toning. Estimate: $50-$75 129

642. 1 real, Philip IV, 166_E, rare error with space for last digit of date. S-P37a, CT-Type 165c; 3.3 grams. Attractive coin with full crown above nearly full cross, nearly full pillars-and-waves with interesting date that could just be 1666 with the last digit left off (as this date is seen in both two digits and three, the latter being atypical for the period and shocking considering lack of space and the Catholic significance of the number “666”!), Fine+ with contrasting toning, small edge-split. Estimate: $90-$120

648. 1 real, 1754(C or q). CT-Type 103; 3.4 grams. Very chunky with sharp edges, full pillars, off-center cross, full king’s ordinal VI, lightly toned AVF. Estimate: $35-$50 649. 1 real, 1755q. S-P54, CT-539; 2.8 grams. Bold cross and one full pillar despite small size (thick and chunky), bold date and mintmark, crude edge, lightly toned AVF. Estimate: $35-$55

643. 1 real, 1679C. S-P38, CT-617; 1.8 grams. Small, thin (underweight) flan with full cross, off-center pillars, two dates and assayers, VG with golden toning. Estimate: $35-$50

644. 1 real, 1683(V). S-P39, CT-622; 2.2 grams. Good full waves, nearly full but off-center cross, 1½ dates, toned, salvaged VF with about one-third of the edge flat. Recovered from the Chagres River in Panama. Estimate: $50-$75

650. Lot of three 1 reales of different kings: 1735E (Philip V), 1760Y (Ferdinand VI) and 1761V (Charles III). 3.0, 3.1 and 3.4 grams. Discernible dates and decent details on all three coins, the 1735 darkly toned, average grade Fine, no problems, a nice little sampling of the three types. Estimate: $60-$90

645. 1 real, 1684V. S-P39, CT-623; 2.7 grams. Bold cross (off-center) and pillars (partially flat), salvaged XF with dark toning. Recovered from the Chagres River in Panama. Estimate: $50-$75

646. 1 real, 1687VR. S-P40, CT-627; 4.9 grams. Good full pillars-and-waves, nearly full cross, excellent detail but just a little grainy (salvaged?), spotty toning, oddly overweight. Estimate: $50-$75 647. 1 real, 1745(q). S-P50, CT-1449; 3.0 grams. Small, chunky flan, bold date, uneven toning, About Fine, a little grainy from salvage. Recovered from the Chagres River in Panama. Estimate: $35-$50

651. Lot of two coins of Charles II: one 1 real, 1670E (crude for type), and one ½ real, date and assayer not visible (crude and holed). 2.6 and 1.3 grams. The 1R with bold date and decent cross, toned Fine, and the ½R with nice full cross and monogram, AVF but with tiny hole at edge. Estimate: $40-$60

652. ½ real, 1655. S-P37a, CT-980; 1.8 grams. Broad flan with full cross, nearly full but off-center monogram, full 4-digit date in legend, king’s ordinal IIII, lightly toned About Fine. Estimate: $40-$60 130

Bogotá, Colombia

653. ½ real, 1678. CT-692; 2.0 grams. Bold date in legend and below full monogram, nearly full cross, lightly toned Fine with some surface pitting. Estimate: $75-$100 654. ½ real, 1683. S-P39, CT-696; 1.8 grams. Nice full cross on a broad planchet, very off-center monogram, two dates, lightly toned Fine+ with peripheral flatness. Estimate: $35-$50

659. ¼ real, Philip IV (early 1650s by style), very rare. S-B7, CT-Type 181; 0.6 gram. Very tiny (as made), with off-center and doubled castle but full lion (hence the attribution, as the lion and castle punches were the same as what was used on the corresponding 8R of each year), silvery and salvaged, Fine for wear. Estimate: $375-$550 660. ¼ real, (1657 by style), extremely rare. S-B7, CTType 181; 0.9 gram. Full lion (attributable to 1657, unique and unlisted in Restrepo and Lasser), off-center castle with hairline scratches, Fine for wear. Estimate: $500-$750

655. ½ real, 1687. S-P40, CT-700; 1.0 gram. Small planchet (probably clipped) with bold details (monogram and date and cross), contrasting toning, Fine+ with small hole at edge. Estimate: $35-$50

Guatemala City, Guatemala

656. ½ real, 1691. S-P40, CT-704; 1.4 grams. Very broad, roundish flan with full and bold monogram and main date, most of cross with 91 of second date in legend, otherwise mostly flat around edge and a bit abraded and worn (VG), with toning on fields. Estimate: $35$50

657. ½ real, 1702. S-P43a, CT-1606; 1.3 grams. Typically crude but with full monogram and date, off-center cross, richly toned About Fine. Estimate: $35-$50 658. ½ real, 1761. S-P57, CT-1619; 1.6 grams. Typically small and chunky, with bold date on one side and bold cross on other, VF for period. Estimate: $35-$50

661. 8 reales, 1747J, with Guatemala sun-overmountains countermark (Type II, 1839). S-G1a, CT251; 26.4 grams. Bold full date (scarce, listed in CT for at least a third more than the other dates of this type) and mintmark, nice but off-center pillars and globes, nice full crown and shield with J to left and 8 to right, Fine with lovely rich toning all over, full and welldetailed countermark, typically holed. Estimate: $300-$450

662. 8 reales, 1752J. S-G1a, CT-256; 26.7 grams. Full date below full crown and globes, most of crowned shield, richly toned with some peripheral flatness but otherwise Fine, rare without hole. Estimate: $250$375

131

Spain 663. 2 reales, (17)53J. S-G1a, CT-406; 6.3 grams. Desirable final date of Guatemala cobs, decent shield, full mintmark, typically very worn (AVG) but no hole. Estimate: $90-$120

664. 1 real, 1743J. S-G1, CT-1286; 3.2 grams. Good pillars and globes, crown above shield, richly toned and well-defined Fine for type, scarce without hole. Estimate: $70-$100 665. 1 real, 1751J. S-G1a, CT-488; 3.1 grams. Choice high grade (XF) with sharp points, full crowned shield and crowned globes, 100% full date and assayer, richly toned all over, probably the best specimen I have ever seen. Estimate: $125-$200

666. Pin made of three 1 reales. 9.7 grams total. Three 1R mounted date-side up in an overlapping row, with clear (1)741 date on the center coin (also bold assayer J on reverse), the left coin only partially dated, and the right coin with bold 174 and what appears to be a 9 at the end, all three coins unholed VG but of course damaged from soldering to pin and to each other. Estimate: $100-$150

667. ½ real, 1737/6. S-G1, CT-unlisted, KM-2; 1.6 grams. Very clear overdate (scarce) in full four-digit date below full pillars and globes, full but off-center shield with much bold legend, typically holed VF with contrasting toning. Estimate: $75-$100

668. Seville, 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Gothic P outside tressure at about 4 o’clock. CT-184, Cay-3949; 26.9 grams. Very broad, round planchet with choice full cross and shield, bold king’s ordinal II and denomination o-VIII, planchet flaw on mintmark and part of shield, lustrous and richly toned XF+. Estimate: $125-$200

669. Seville, 8 reales, Philip IV, 162(?), assayer not visible. CT-Type 82, Cay-Type 106; 27.4 grams. Choice detail (full shield and cross), bold king’s ordinal IIII, 162 of date only, lightly toned AVF, very thick and chunky. Estimate: $125-$175

670. Seville, 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer R (mid1600s). CT-Type 82, Cay-Type 106; 27.1 grams. Choice full shield and cross (very bold) but little else (thick and chunky), nicely toned VF. Estimate: $150-$225

132

671. Seville, 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer not visible (mid-1600s). CT-Type 82, Cay-Type 106; 27.1 grams. Very crude planchet (odd shape and edge) of uneven thickness, with full (but somewhat flat) shield and nearly full cross, toned Fine, one of the craziestlooking cobs I have ever seen! Estimate: $80-$120

672. Seville, 4 reales, Ferdinand-Isabel, assayer Gothic P in center, six arrows. CT-179, Cay-2814; 13.2 grams. Huge flan with softly struck but crisp and full inner details (nice shield) and crown, much legend, lightly toned VF. Estimate: $200-$300

673. Seville, 4 reales, Philip II, assayer Gothic P at both 4 and 8 o’clock. CT-314, Cay-3790; 13.5 grams. Perfectly round and well-centered XF with gorgeous toning all over, full inner details and most of legend and crown as well, natural edge-flaw outside mintmark. Estimate: $325-$475

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674. Seville, 4 reales, Philip II, assayer Gothic P at 4 o’clock only, no fleur-de-lis below crown. CT-312, Cay-3785; 13.7 grams. Another choice, perfectly round and crispy detailed beauty with full inner details and crown and much legend, this one lustrous AU, no toning, just a little doubled on the shield side. Estimate: $175-$250

675. Uncertain mint, 4 reales, (1)600, assayer not visible. Cay-Type 64; 13.5 grams. Roundish but thick and chunky, with nearly full cross, most of shield and crown, all double-struck, yet with clear bottoms of the 600 of the date, VF with graininess and flat areas. Estimate: $120-$180

676. Seville, 4 reales, (16)15V. CT-202, Cay-4797; 13.6 grams. Broad flan with most of cross and shield despite flatness, full S-V and king’s ordinal III, full 5 and wisp of penultimate digit 1 of date, deeply toned all over, AVF overall. Estimate: $120-$180

677. Seville, 4 reales, (1)617D. CT-197, Cay-4809; 13.7 grams. Choice full shield and cross, bottom half of 7 and tip of 61 of date, lightly toned AVF. Estimate: $150-$225 133

678. Uncertain mint, 4 reales, Philip III, assayer not visible (early 1600s). Cay-Type 64; 13.5 grams. Broad flan with small full shield, nice full cross, peripheral flatness and two edge-splits, nicely toned AVF. Estimate: $100-$150

682. Toledo, 4 reales, (16)29P, rare. CT-unlisted, Cay6031; 13.0 grams. Oblong flan with good full shield and cross, bold 9 and partial 2 of date, full king’s ordinal IIII and oT-P and denomination IIII, VF with spotty toning. Estimate: $150-$225

679. Uncertain mint, 4 reales, 1623, assayer not visible. Cay-Type 88; 13.2 grams. Full 162 of date and tail of 3, full shield and cross, bold denomination •IIII•, somewhat crude Fine. Estimate: $120-$180

683. Uncertain mint, 4 reales, (16)31, assayer not visible. Cay-Type 88; 14.1 grams. Crude but nearly full cross and shield (flat spots), bold denomination •IIII•, full 31 of date, About Fine. Estimate: $120-$180

680. Uncertain mint, 4 reales, 1625, assayer not visible. Cay-Type 88; 13.6 grams. Crude planchet (uneven thickness) with resultant flat areas, nearly full shield and cross, bold 25 of date, lightly toned Fine. Estimate: $120-$180

681. Toledo, 4 reales, 1628P. CT-611, Cay-6028; 13.7 grams. Nice full shield and cross, bold full 162 of date and bottom half of 8, clear oT-P to left and denomination IIII, Fine with spotty toning. Estimate: $150-$225

684. Toledo, 4 reales, (1)635P. CT-613, Cay-6059; 13.3 grams. Odd shape (thick as usual), with good full cross, nearly full shield, bottoms of 635 of date only, bold denomination IIII, (PH)ILIPPVS IIII in legend, nicely toned VF. Estimate: $120-$180

685. Uncertain mint, 4 reales, (1)646, assayer not visible. Cay-Type 88; 13.2 grams. Very crude (mostly flat) but with full 46 of date (very rare), net Fine, mostly darkly toned. Estimate: $100-$150

134

686. Seville, 4 reales, Philip IV, assayer R, shield side struck from 8R die. 10.1 grams. Small, thick coin that appears to be a cut-down 4R struck from an 8R obverse die, bold S-R, nearly full cross, darkly toned VG with light-colored sediment in crevices. Estimate: $75-$110

687. Seville, 2 reales, Philip II, assayer Gothic P, choice, mounted in 14K gold bezel for necklace. CT456, Cay-3628; 12.9 grams (in bezel). Gorgeous details (full shield and cross and crown and nearly full legends) on a big round flan, toned VF+, with thick gold-wire frame for necklace, mounted so that the cross is upright. Estimate: $250-$375

688. Toledo, 2 reales, 1603C, rare. CT-312, Cay-4596; 5.9 grams. Good full shield and cross, some legend (full 1603 date at about 1 oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;clock on cross side, OMNIVM in obverse legend), lustrous VF+ but with crude edge (cuts and breaks). Estimate: $125-$175

690. Toledo, 2 reales, 1(6)27P. CT-720a, Cay-5852; 6.9 grams. Scarce date (just the tip of the 7, nearly all of the 1), good full shield and crown and cross, VF with patches of dark toning. Estimate: $100-$150

691. Seville, 2 reales, Charles II, assayer S, rare. 6.6 grams. A completely unlisted type (1670s-80s) that comes very crude, with oversized and off-center shield, lots of flatness, but bold Sâ&#x20AC;˘S and nearly full cross, nicely toned, Fine or so. Estimate: $50-$75

692. Toledo, 1 real, Ferdinand-Isabel, assayer M to right. CT-310, Cay-2736; 3.4 grams. Large, thin planchet with full but very slightly doubled interiors, nearly full legends (most of crown), well centered, VF+ with contrasting sediment on fields. Estimate: $150-$225

693. Seville, 1 real, Ferdinand-Isabel, assayer Gothic P to left. CT-295, Cay-2697; 3.4 grams. Small planchet (not much legend) but full weight, typically choice inner details, XF. Estimate: $90-$120

689. Uncertain mint, 2 reales, Philip III, assayer not visible. Cay-58a; 6.5 grams. Very odd shape with uneven thickness (some flatness), otherwise AVF, with about half the shield and cross visible, some legend. Estimate: $40-$60 135

694. Seville, 1 real, Philip II, assayer Gothic P to left below mintmark S. CT-576, Cay-3511; 3.1 grams. Typically round and thin, with good full shield and crown and cross, not much legend, richly toned VF. Estimate: $75-$110 695. Seville, copper 2 maravedís, Ferdinand-Isabel, *-* on obverse, S-S on reverse. CT-502, Cay-2475; 3.2 grams. Beautiful and well-detailed castle (lots of legend) but lion side off-center and doubled, VF overall, nicely toned. Estimate: $50-$75

696. Segovia, copper 8 maravedís, Philip III, with “8”, “1651” and “XII” countermarks. CT-Type 267, Cay-5365; 5.5 grams. Broad, round planchet with good obverse (Fine, mintmark and denomination visible, full crown and legend) but reverse quite worn (Good, yet with hint of date), typically sprinkled with revaluation countermarks from the mid-1600s. Estimate: $30-$50 697. Uncertain mint, group of two copper cobs with countermarks. CT-Type 267; 7.3 and 3.9 grams. Like the above but on much cruder, thicker planchets with less original detail overall. Estimate: $50-$75

SILVER COINS (or copper where noted) Argentina (Potosí mint)

698. Republic 8 soles, 1815FL. KM-15; 26.7 grams. Lightly toned XF, some weakness at edge but otherwise nice, and always desirable as struck at the Potosí mint (which is why so many Argentineans collect Potosí cobs!). Estimate: $225-$350

Barbados

699. Copper “Negro” penny, 1788, small head, large pineapple. KM-Tn5; 13.8 grams. Dark brown AXF with a couple old nicks in fields. Estimate: $50-$75

136

Bolivia (PotosĂ mint)

700. Pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1769JR (curved 9). CT-876, KM-50; 26.7 grams. Lustrous and lightly toned XF with a multitude of large and very clear chopmarks as from circulation in the Orient, also with a test-dig that caused a split near the edge, quite a pretty piece with lots of history, scarce combination of chops and host coin. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of October 11, 1988, with lot-tag. Estimate: $150-$225

701. Pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1770/69JR. CT-877a, KM-50; 26.9 grams. Beautifully toned XF with no problems, clear overdate. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of October 9, 1991, with lot-tag. Estimate: $350-$500

702. Pillar 2 reales, Charles III, 1769JR. CT-1246, KM-48; 6.4 grams. Lustrous and silvery from cleaning, technically VF, with expertly repaired hole between QUE and UNVM. Estimate: $40-$60

703. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1774JR. CT-880, KM55; 26.7 grams. Deeply toned VF, no problems but not much contrast. Pedigreed to the World-Wide Coins of California auction of May, 1994, with lot-tag. Estimate: $150-$225

704. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1776PR. CT-883, KM55; 26.8 grams. Lustrous XF with beautiful red and orange toning, desirable date, slightly off-center obverse. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of June 10, 2000, with lot-tag. Estimate: $350-$500

705. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1777PR. CT-884, KM55; 26.5 grams. Very lustrous (lightly cleaned) XF, quite flashy and attractive. Pedigreed to the Superior auction of December 5-6, 1997, with lot-tag. Estimate: $200-$300

137

the World-Wide Coins of California auction #XXXIII (May, 1998), with lot-tag. Estimate: $150-$225

706. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1779PR. CT-886, KM55; 26.9 grams. Lightly cleaned VF, slightly off-center strike. Estimate: $150-$225

710. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1786PR. CT-893, KM55; 26.1 grams. AXF with distractingly uneven gray and greenish toning. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of June 10, 2000, with lot-tag. Estimate: $150-$225 707. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1780PR. CT-887, KM55; 26.9 grams. Deeply toned AVF, not much contrast but no problems. Estimate: $150-$225

708. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1781PR. CT-888, KM55; 26.8 grams. Lustrous AXF with weak centers, starting to tone near edge. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of August 18, 1987, with lot-tag. Estimate: $125$200

711. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1787PR. CT-894, KM55; 26.6 grams. Nice XF with beautiful (colorful) toning, typically broad (and somewhat oblong) flan with incomplete rims. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of February 23, 2002, with lot tag. Estimate: $250-$375

712. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1788PR. CT-895; KM55; 26.7 grams. XF with some minor weak spots near edge, uneven toning. Estimate: $200-$300 709. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1782PR. CT-889, KM55; 26.9 grams. Very lightly gold-toned VF. Pedigreed to

138

713. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IV), 1790PR. CT-667, KM-64; 26.8 grams. Slightly off-center VF+ with golden-red toning all over, minor flaws in planchet (as made). Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of September 26, 1998, with lot-tag. Estimate: $175-$250

714. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1796PP. CT-674, KM73; 27.0 grams. Lustrous XF with weak centers, patches of yellow toning. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of October 7, 2000, with lot-tag. Estimate: $100-$150

716. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1798PP. CT-676, KM73; 26.8 grams. Red-toned Fine with slightly crude rims, minor marks in field. Estimate: $150-$225

717. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1799PP. CT-677, KM73; 27.1 grams. Lustrous AU+ with lots of definition on the bust, off-center strike, starting to tone nicely. Estimate: $175-$250

718. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1803PJ. CT-681, KM73; 26.8 grams. Off-center About Fine with reddish toning all over. Estimate: $50-$75 715. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1797PP. CT-675, KM73; 26.5 grams. Nicely toned but off-center Fine with many bold and well-defined chopmarks as from circulation in the Orient. Estimate: $100-$150

139

719. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1804PJ. CT-682, KM73; 26.9 grams. Nice AXF with subtle but colorful toning. Estimate: $100-$150

720. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1807PJ. CT-685, KM73; 26.9 grams. Very lustrous (lightly cleaned) AU with weak bust, slightly off-center reverse. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of September 13, 1997, with lot-tag. Estimate: $80-$120

721. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1808PJ. CT-529, KM-84; 27.0 grams. Scarcer king for date, lustrous UNC with slightly weak bust. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of February 4, 1995, with lot-tag. Estimate: $100-$150

722. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1818PJ. CT-537, KM-84; 26.9 grams. Lustrous AU, starting to tone around the edge. Estimate: $90-$135

723. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1820PJ. CT-539, KM-84; 26.7 grams. Fine+ with nicely contrasting toning, a good old coin from circulation. Estimate: $80-$120

724. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1823PJ. CT-542, KM-84; 26.7 grams. Lustrous AU+, starting to tone around the letters. Pedigreed to the World-Wide Coins of California auction #XXXII (November, 1997), with lot-tag. Estimate: $90-$135

725. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1824PJ. CT-543, KM-84; 26.7 grams. Lustrous XF+ with weak bust, spots of toning. Pedigreed to the Coin Galleries auction of April 15, 1998, with lot-tag. Estimate: $75-$110

726. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1825JL. CT-546, KM-84; 26.9 grams. Lightly toned and lustrous XF, desirable final date of all colonial issues. Pedigreed to 140

the Coin Galleries auction of February 16, 1994, with lot-tag.

Estimate: $90-$135

727. Bust 2 reales, Charles III, 1775/3JR. CT-1250a, KM-53; 6.5 grams. Weak but certain overdate, non-toned Fine. Estimate: $50-$75

731. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1804/3FJ. CT-703a, KM-51; 27.0 grams. Attractively toned AVF with slightly weak bust, a few old marks, some luster, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Jascha Heifetz collection, with Superior auction-lot tag from December 9-10, 1989. Estimate: $300-$450

728. Bust 1 real, Charles III, 1774JR. CT-1445, KM52; 3.2 grams. Well-detailed VF with some toning/ encrustation, minute pitting. Estimate: $40-$60 729. Bust 1 real, Charles III, 1777PR. CT-1449, KM52; 3.3 grams. Nice AVF with light toning. Estimate: $40-$60

Chile (Santiago mint)

730. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1793DA. CT-692, KM51; 26.7 grams. Lightly toned AVF, slightly off-center strike. Estimate: $350-$500

732. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1815FJ. CT-537, KM-80; 27.2 grams. Lustrous VF, richly toned, stress line on bust. Estimate: $200-$300

733. Republic 8 reales, 1817FJ. KM-82.2; 27.5 grams. Lightly toned AXF with a hint of luster, rather attractive. Estimate: $325-$475

734. Republic 8 reales, 1839. KM-96.1; 27.3 grams. Lightly cleaned AU, silvery and lustrous, a few minor planchet flaws. Estimate: $150-$275

141

Guatemala (Guatemala City mint)

Colombia (Bogotá mint)

738. Pillar 8 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1759P. CT-266, KM-18; 26.9 grams. Bold AXF with rich old toning, a few minor edge bumps, quite attractive and a scarce type. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of September 13, 1997, with lot-tag. Estimate: $700-$900

735. Republic 2 reales, 1848. KM-105; 5.0 grams. AVF with weak centers, light golden tone. Estimate: $15$25

Great Britain (London, England, mint)

739. Pillar 2 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1759P, inverted D in D.G. CT-413a, KM-20; 6.1 grams. Lightly toned VG with an attempted hole in the Q, scarce and interesting error. Estimate: $120-$150

736. Sixpence, 1746, with LIMA below the bust of George II. S-3710A, KM-582.3; 3.0 grams. Attractive VF with rich old toning, very desirable type as made from silver captured from the Spanish off Peru by Commodore Anson. See lot #1137 for rare book by Anson about his voyage. Estimate: $100-$150

737. “Emergency” dollar (4 shillings, 9 pence), George III bust countermark (1797) on a Mexican bust 8 reales of Charles IV, 1794FM. S-3765A, KM634; 26.9 grams. Gorgeous old toning all over with a hint of luster, host coin AXF, countermark AU (nice and deep), popular type. Estimate: $350-$500

740. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1791M. CT-601, KM53; 26.7 grams. Decent AVF with attractive rainbow toning all over. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of February 23, 2002, with lot-tag. Estimate: $400-$600

142

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741. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1797M. CT-607, KM53; 27.0 grams. Richly old-toned AXF, no problems, quite attractive. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of September 28, 2002, with lot-tag. Estimate: $350-$500

744. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII transitional (bust of Charles IV), 1810M, choice XF. CT-450, KM-64; 27.0 grams. Dark VF+ with curious red-on-blue toning all over, adjustment marks on reverse, very pleasing aspect. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of September 28, 2002, with lot-tag. Estimate: $400-$600

742. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1804M. CT-614, KM53; 26.9 grams. Toned VF+ with some old hairline scratches, off-center reverse. Pedigreed to the Witte Museum collection, with Ponterio auction lot-tag from August 18-19, 1989. Estimate: $300-$450

745. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1813M. CT-454, KM-69; 27.0 grams. Nice VF+, lightly toned all over. Estimate: $150-$225

743. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1807M, AXF. CT-617, KM-53; 26.9 grams. Richly toned (colorful) AXF, slightly off-center strike. Estimate: $275-$400

Any questions? Please email Dan at info@sedwickcoins.com or call (407) 975-3325.

746. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1817M. CT-458, KM-69; 26.8 grams. VF with excellent contrast from dark toning on fields. Estimate: $80-$120

143

747. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1818M. CT-459a, KM-69; 27.0 grams. Lustrous (lightly cleaned) AU with slightly weak bust, minor hairlines. Estimate: $125$200

748. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1821M. CT-462, KM-69; 26.9 grams. XF with beautiful rainbow toning all over. Pedigreed to the Superior auction of August 12, 1994, with lot-tag. Estimate: $125-$200

Mexico (Mexico City mint except where noted)

750. Pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1737MF. CT-700, KM103; 26.7 grams. Richly old-toned AVF, scarce as nonsalvage. Pedigreed to the Richard A. Long auction #79 (October, 1995). Estimate: $250-$375

751. Pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1741MF, cleaned AXF. CT-704, KM-103; 26.7 grams. Cleaned VF, bold and lustrous but with hairlines on fields. Estimate: $150$225

752. Pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1747MF. CT-710, KM103; 27.0 grams. Scarcer king for the date, AXF with 749. Pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1735MF. CT-698, KM103; 26.6 grams. Dark, salvaged XF+ with just traces of corrosion, very nice strike. Estimate: $300-$450

beautiful, rich, old toning, slightly off-center strike. Pedigreed to the Richard A. Long auction #86 (November, 1997). Estimate: $300-$450

144

756. Pillar 8 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1758MM. CT-300, KM-104.2; 26.6 grams. Lustrous XF+ (or even AU) with toning mostly on the pillars side. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of June 5, 1999, with lot-tag. Estimate:

753. Pillar 8 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1752MF. CT-291, KM-104.1; 26.7 grams. Deeply toned AXF with weak spots near rim and very minor porosity, much nicer than it sounds. Pedigreed to the Coin Galleries auction of July 17, 1996, with lot-tag. Estimate: $250-$375

$300-$450

757. Pillar 8 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1759MM, XF+.

754. Pillar 8 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1753MF. CT-292, KM-104.1; 27.0 grams. Bold AXF with rich old toning, excellent specimen without getting into ultra high grades. Estimate: $250-$375

CT-301, KM-104.2; 27.0 grams. Lightly toned VF+, no

problems except for a small, old nick between VTRAQUE and UNVM, nice aspect. Estimate: $400$600

755. Pillar 8 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1756MM. CT-298, KM-104.2; 26.8 grams. VF+, darkly toned on pillars side only, some letters lightly struck. Estimate: $175-$225

758. Pillar 8 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1759MM. CT-301, KM-104.2; 26.9 grams. VF+ with rich toning on pillars side, no problems. Pedigreed to the Coin Galleries auction of February 16, 2000, with lot-tag. Estimate: $250-$375

145

759. Pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1760MM. CT-302, KM-105; 26.9 grams. Lustrous XF+ with rainbow toning around letters only, no problems and quite attractive. Estimate: $275-$400

762. Pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1763MF. CT-822, KM-105; 27.0 grams. Decent VF with one small

760. Pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1761MM. CT-818, KM-105; 27.0 grams. Lustrous AU with very light toning, quite flashy and problem-free. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of February 14, 1998, with lot-tag. Estimate: $275$400

763. Pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1764MF. CT-823, KM-105; 26.9 grams. Lightly toned AXF with weak center and natural rim-flaw at about 2 oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;clock on obverse. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of April 30-May 1, 2004, with lot-tag. Estimate: $250-$375

761. Pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1762MM. CT-819, KM-105; 26.8 grams. Choice XF with beautiful rainbow toning all over, no problems. Pedigreed to the Stackâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s auction of January, 2004, with lot-tag. Estimate: $275-$400

764. Pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1764MF, AVF with lots of hairlines. CT-823, KM-105; 26.7 grams. Abraded Fine with sediment around letters and a few tiny chopmarks (have to look hard to find them!) as from circulation in the Orient. Estimate: $150-$225

chopmark above shield as from circulation in the Orient. Estimate: $175-$225

146

765. Pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1767MF. CT-826, KM-105; 26.7 grams. Very deeply toned XF with slight bulge on left pillar. Pedigreed to the Richard A. Long auction #78 (August, 1995). Estimate: $225-$350

766. Pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1770MF. CT-829, KM-105; 26.8 grams. VF with deep rainbow toning all over. Pedigreed to the Coin Galleries auction of July 15, 1998, with lot-tag. Estimate: $225-$350

768. Pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1771FM. CT-831, KM-105; 26.9 grams. Flashy AXF, typically broad planchet. Estimate: $250-$375

769. Pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1771FM, chopmark. CT-831, KM-105; 26.8 grams. AXF with gorgeous, rich toning all over, one deep chopmark on waves as from circulation in the Orient. Estimate: $200-$300

770. Pillar 4 reales, Charles III, 1770MF. CT-1022, KM-96; 13.1 grams. AVF with weak shield, random marks on pillars side, not much toning. Estimate: $350-$500

767. Pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1770FM. CT-830, KM-105; 27.0 grams. Attractively rainbow-toned XF, no problems. Pedigreed to the Pat Johnson sale of December, 1997, with lot-tag. Estimate: $250-$375

771. Pillar 1 real, Philip V, 1733MF, mintmark Mâ&#x20AC;˘X. CT-1378b, KM-75.1; 3.0 grams. Scarce issue, decent About Fine with nicely contrasting toning on fields. Estimate: $300-$500 147

772. Pillar 1 real, Philip V, 1740MF. CT-1390, KM75.1; 3.1 grams. Very silvery from cleaning but starting to tone, XF details but evidence of corrosion (from salvage) on fields and with a tiny pinhole on left pillar. Estimate: $40-$60

776. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1776FM. CT-839, KM106.2; 27.0 grams. Lustrous AU, lightly cleaned, very desirable date. Estimate: $500-$750

773. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1773FM, initials facing rim. CT-835, KM-106.1; 26.9 grams. Lightly toned VF+, no problems. Pedigreed to the Richard A. Long auction #98 (May, 2006). Estimate: $175-$250

774. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1774FM. CT-837, KM106.2; 26.7 grams. Lustrous XF+ with rich rainbow toning all over. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of September 28, 2002, with lot-tag. Estimate: $175-$250

775. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1775FM. CT-838, KM106.2; 27.0 grams. Slightly off-center XF with subtle rainbow toning all over. Estimate: $175-$250

777. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1776FM. CT-839, KM106.2; 26.7 grams. Lustrous XF, starting to tone at edge, very desirable date. Estimate: $225-$350

778. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1778FF. CT-842, KM106.2; 26.9 grams. AXF, cleaned but now beautifully toned, with two small marks behind head and pockmark in nostril. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of March 13-14, 1998, with lot-tag. Estimate: $150-$225

779. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1779FF. CT-844, KM106.2; 26.8 grams. Lustrous AU, probably once lightly cleaned and now with spotty toning. Estimate: $200$300 148

780. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1780FF. CT-845, KM106.2; 26.9 grams. Problem-free XF+ with minimal toning. Pedigreed to the Richard A. Long auction #89 (December, 2000). Estimate: $250-$375 783. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1784FM. CT-851, KM106.2; 26.7 grams. Lustrous VF+ with very subtle toning. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of February 22, 1997, with lot-tag. Estimate: $175-$250

781. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1782FF. CT-847, KM106.2; 26.8 grams. Lightly toned XF with slightly weak bust. Pedigreed to the Richard A. Long auction #98 (May, 2006). Estimate: $225-$350 784. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1785FM. CT-852, KM106.2a; 27.0 grams. Lustrous XF with weak centers, planchet flaws near edge on obverse. Pedigreed to the Richard A. Long auction #89 (December, 2000). Estimate: $175-$250

782. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1783FF. CT-848, KM106.2; 26.9 grams. Deeply toned, a few old marks but nothing major. Pedigreed to the Coin Galleries auction of November, 2002, with lot-tag. Estimate: $175-$250

Please send your bids to our special email bidding address: treasurebids@gmail.com

785. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1786FM. CT-853, KM106.2a; 26.9 grams. Lustrous VF+ with spotty toning. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of August 12, 1997, with lottag. Estimate: $150-$225

149

26.7 grams. Nice XF with slightly weak centers, minor planchet bulge, subtle toning. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of February 22, 1997, with lot-tag. Estimate: $150-

$225

786. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1788FM. CT-855, KM106.2a; 26.8 grams. Lustrous XF+ (or even AU) with subtle toning. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of August 18, 1998, with lot-tag. Estimate: $225-$350 790. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IV), 1790FM. CT-643, KM-107; 26.8 grams. Lustrous, rainbow-toned, and almost prooflike AU with rim bruise. Pedigreed to the Richard A. Long auction #94 (July, 2004). Estimate: $225-$350

787. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1789FM. CT-856, KM106.2a; 26.8 grams. Richly toned VF with stress fractures on bust, copper-colored (old) digs near rim on reverse. Estimate: $150-$225 791. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IIII), 1790FM. CT-644, KM-108; 26.1 grams. Old-toned AVF with a few old scratches and nicks and tiny chopmarks (including one that is shaped like a swastika) as from circulation in the Orient. Estimate: $125-$200 788. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1789FM. CT-856, KM106.2a; 26.5 grams. Evenly toned Fine+ with edge nick and â&#x20AC;&#x153;BPâ&#x20AC;? scratched in field in front of face. Estimate: $60-$90

792. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1791FM. CT-646, KM109; 27.0 grams. Lustrous XF+ with gorgeous, deep, colorful toning all over. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of September 26, 1998, with lot-tag. Estimate: $225-$350 789. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IV), 1789FM. CT-642, KM-107; 150

793. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1792FM. CT-647, KM109; 27.0 grams. AU with subtle rainbow toning all over. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of February 22, 1997, with lot-tag. Estimate: $225-$350

794. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1793FM. CT-648, KM109; 26.9 grams. Lustrous XF, lightly cleaned, no toning (yet). Estimate: $150-$225

795. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1794FM. CT-649, KM109; 27.0 grams. XF with beautiful rainbow toning around legends. Estimate: $150-$225

797. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1796FM. CT-651, KM109; 26.9 grams. Broad planchet, very richly toned VF+ with weak centers. Pedigreed to the Coin Galleries auction of April 12, 2000, with lot-tag. Estimate: $110-$175

798. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1798FM. CT-653, KM109; 26.9 grams. Lightly toned XF, no problems. Estimate: $125-$200

799. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1798FM. CT-653, KM109; 26.7 grams. Loaded with chopmarks as from circulation in the Orient, lightly toned Fine. Estimate: $60-$90

796. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1795FM. CT-650, KM109; 27.0 grams. Richly old-toned XF, slightly off-center obverse, no problems. Pedigreed to the Centennial auction of April 21, 1999, with lot-tag. Estimate: $150-$225

151

Any questions? Please email Dan at info@sedwickcoins.com or call (407) 975-3325.

800. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1799FM. CT-654, KM109; 26.9 grams. Deeply rainbow-toned XF, quite attractive. Pedigreed to the Pat Johnson sale of October, 1998, with lot-tag. Estimate: $150-$225

801. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1800FM. CT-655, KM109; 26.8 grams. Off-center strike, rainbow-toned AU. Estimate: $75-$110

802. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1801FT. CT-657, KM109; 26.9 grams. Lustrous AXF with gorgeous rainbow toning all over, slightly off-center reverse. Estimate: $75-$110

803. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1801FT. CT-657, KM109; 26.6 grams. Deeply toned Fine with several small chopmarks as from circulation in the Orient. Estimate: $50-$75

804. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1802FT. CT-658, KM109; 26.9 grams. Lustrous XF with subtle rainbow toning, slightly off-center reverse. Pedigreed to the Superior auction of May 31-June 1, 1999, with lot-tag. Estimate: $70-$100

805. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1803FT. CT-659, KM109; 27.0 grams. Richly old-toned VF, no problems. Estimate: $60-$90

Please send your bids to our special email bidding address: treasurebids@gmail.com 806. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1804TH. CT-661, KM109; 27.0 grams. Highly lustrous AU with very subtle 152

toning, no problems, quite attractive. Pedigreed to the Superior auction of December 5-6, 1997, with lot-tag. Estimate: $100-$150

810. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1806TH. CT-663, KM109; 27.0 grams. Lightly toned XF, no problems. Estimate: $80-$120

807. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1804TH. CT-661, KM109; 26.6 grams. Deeply toned Fine with lots of little chopmarks as from circulation in the Orient. Estimate: $50-$75

808. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1805TH. CT-662, KM109; 26.9 grams. Highly lustrous AU+, slightly off-center strike. Pedigreed to the Richard A. Long auction #84 (April, 1997). Estimate: $100-$150

811. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1807TH. CT-664, KM109; 26.7 grams. VF+ with some subtle but spotty toning, lustrous from light cleaning. Estimate: $50$75

812. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1808TH. CT-665, KM109; 27.0 grams. Well-struck XF with subtle toning around legends, very attractive. Estimate: $85-$125 809. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1805TH. CT-662, KM109; 26.7 grams. Non-toned Fine+ with tiny chopmarks from circulation in the Orient. Estimate: $50-$75

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813. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1808TH. CT-665, KM109; 26.9 grams. Lustrous XF, deeply blue-toned on obverse and part of reverse, some minor stress fractures as made. Estimate: $75-$110 153

817. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII (“armored bust”), 1809TH, cleaned. CT-492, KM-110; 26.3 grams. Cleaned Fine (no toning). Estimate: $50-$75

814. (War for Independence) cast bust 8 reales, Mexico City, Charles IV, 1808TH, with genuine Chilpanzingo countermark. KM-unlisted (Type A c/m); 23.0 grams. Unlisted host coin in KM, so possibly rare, weak and crude AVG host with gap in edge, countermark Fine, richly toned all over. Pedigreed to the Richard A. Long auction #93 (December, 2003). Estimate: $125-$200

818. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII (“armored bust”), 1809HJ. CT-493, KM-110; 26.7grams. Nicely toned Fine+, a few incidental marks and bumps but nothing bad. Estimate: $60-$90 815. (War for Independence) cast bust 8 reales, Mexico City, Charles IV, 1808TH, with genuine Morelos countermark. KM-unlisted (Type A c/m); 23.6 grams. Unlisted host coin in KM, so possibly rare, nicely toned but slightly grainy Fine+ host, countermark XF. Pedigreed to the Richard A. Long auction #96 (June, 2005). Estimate: $150-$225

819. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII (“armored bust”), 1810HJ. CT-495, KM-110; 26.9 grams. Bold VF+, very lightly toned, slightly off-center strike. Pedigreed to the Coin Galleries auction of July 13, 1994, with lot-tag. Estimate: $70-$100

816. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII (“armored bust”), 1809TH, AU. CT-492, KM-110; 26.8 grams. Lustrous AU, cleaned but beautifully re-toned (bluish), stress fractures in planchet as made, slightly off-center. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of June 5, 1999, with lot-tag. Estimate: $125-$200 154

Any questions? Please email Dan at info@sedwickcoins.com or call (407) 975-3325.

820. (War for Independence) cast bust 8 reales, Mexico City, Ferdinand VII (“armored bust”), 1810HJ, with genuine Morelos countermark. KMType 1; 22.6 grams. Unlisted host coin in KM, so possibly rare, with complete countermark in XF grade, host coin lightly toned VF or better (described in the Long auction as “an exceptional coin”).

823. (War for Independence) cast bust 8 reales, Chihuahua, Ferdinand VII (“armored bust”), 1812RP. CT-401, KM-123; 27.6 grams. Typically crude VG with bold countermarks flanking bust, lightly toned. Estimate: $125-$200

Pedigreed to the Richard A. Long auction #93 (December, 2003). Estimate: $150-$225

824. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1812HJ. CT-498, KM-111; 26.6 grams. Scarcer assayer for date, non-toned Fine with weak bust, minor edge-bruise. Pedigreed to the 821. (War for Independence) cast bust 8 reales, Mexico City, Ferdinand VII (“armored bust”), 1811HJ, with genuine Congress of Chilpanzingo and Morelos countermarks. KM-285.2; 20.6 grams. Both countermarks full and VF or better, host coin toned VG with edge-crack due to the countermarking, typically crude but with (quoted from Long catalog) “nicer-than-usual surfaces”. Pedigreed to the Richard A. Long auction #96 (June, 2005). Estimate: $150-$225

Steve Ivy “Tecumseh” auction of December 9-10, 1979, with lottag. Estimate: $50-$75

825. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1812JJ. CT-499, KM-111; 26.5 grams. Crude About Fine with weak areas, lightly toned. Estimate: $50-$75

Please visit our website at www.SedwickCoins.com!

822. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII (“armored bust”), 1811HJ. CT-496, KM-110; 27.0 grams. Lightly toned XF with muted luster. Pedigreed to the Superior auction of June 2, 1992, with lot-tag. Estimate: $60-$90 155

826. (War for Independence) cast bust 8 reales, Chihuahua, Ferdinand VII (“armored bust”), 1813RP. CT-402, KM-123; 26.0 grams. Typically crude VG with bold details, clear countermarks, nicely toned all over. Estimate: $125-$200

827. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1813JJ. CT-501, KM-111; 26.9 grams. Lustrous XF with weak bust, very subtle toning in legends. Estimate: $50-$75

829. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1814JJ. CT-503, KM-111; 26.9 grams. XF with weak bust, luster in legends, old hairlines on bust, off-center strike, colorfully toned. Estimate: $50-$75

830. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1815JJ. CT-504, KM-111; 26.9 grams. Lustrous AU with subtle toning, off-center strike. Pedigreed to the Pat Johnson sale #34 (December, 1999), with lot-tag. Estimate: $125-$200

828. (War for Independence) SUD/Morelos copper 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1813. CT-512a, KM-234; 19.1 grams. AVF or so, dark brown all over with one greenish spot, typically crude. Estimate: $50-$75

Please send your bids to our special email bidding address: treasurebids@gmail.com

831. Chihuahua, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII (“armored bust”), 1816RP. CT-405, KM-111.1; 25.9 grams. Scarce, struck over an earlier cast issue, very crude AVG but with all important data (including countermarks) clear enough, very lightly toned, some old marks. Estimate: $125-$200

156

AU with luster and beautiful reddish toning all over. Estimate: $150-$225

832. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1816JJ. CT-505, KM-111; 26.9 grams. Lustrous XF, no toning. Estimate: $60-$90

836. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1818JJ. CT-507, KM-111; 26.9 grams. Scarce date, richly toned XF, slightly off-center strike. Estimate: $75-$110

833. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1817JJ. CT-506, KM-111; 26.9 grams. AU with beautiful rainbow toning all over, quite a looker! Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of June 5, 1999, with lot-tag. Estimate: $125-$200

837. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1819JJ. CT-508, KM-111; 26.8 grams. Lustrous AXF with a hint of yellow toning. Pedigreed to the Richard A. Long auction #84 (April, 1997). Estimate: $75-$110

834. Durango, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1818RM. CT-424, KM-111.2; 26.7 grams. Scarce issue, About Fine with weak centers, bold date, light toning, a few old pockmarks. Estimate: $50-$75 838. Zacatecas, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1819AG. CT-587, KM-111.5; 26.9 grams. Slightly crude XF with luster and toning but weak centers, off-center strike, accompanied by an NGC slab-tag that gives the coin a grade of AU-50. Estimate: $125-$200

Please visit our website at www.SedwickCoins.com!

835. Guadalajara, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1818FS. CT-437, KM-111.3; 27.0 grams. Scarce, choice 157

839. Durango, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1820CG. CT-427, KM-111.2; 26.7 grams. Scarce, crude XF with extensive weak areas, minimal toning, curiously with date manifest as 0/1, which is unlisted (could just be extra metal). Estimate: $50-$75

840. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1820JJ. CT-509, KM-111; 27.0 grams. Choice, lustrous AU, just beginning to tone. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of September 21, 1996, with lot-tag. Estimate: $125-$200

841. Zacatecas, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1820AG. CT-588, KM-111.5; 26.1 grams. Bold VF with some strips of toning, crudely out-of-round (as made). Estimate: $75-$110

842. Durango, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1821CG. CT-430, KM-111.2; 26.9 grams. Scarce, richly toned XF+, part of edge crude (as made). Estimate: $125-$200

843. Guadalajara, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1821FS. CT-438a, KM-111.3; 26.9 grams. Lustrous XF with parts of centers weak, very slightly toned. Pedigreed to the Coin Galleries auction of November 7, 1990, with lot-tag. Estimate: $100-$150

844. Guadalajara, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1821FS. CT-438a, KM-111.3; 26.6 grams. Nice VF with rich old toning, spots of green, a few minor flaws. Estimate: $75-$110

158

845. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1821JJ. CT-510, KM-111; 26.9 grams. Choice AU, highly lustrous (lightly cleaned), off-center obverse. Pedigreed to the Richard A. Long auction #80 (January, 1996). Estimate: $125-$200

848. Durango, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1822CG. CT-431, KM-111.2; 26.7 grams. Very scarce, technically AU but with several weak areas, lustrous and lightly toned, typically crude. Estimate: $125$200

849. Guanajuato, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1822JM. CT-446, KM-111.4; 26.9 grams. Attractive AXF with muted luster, lightly toned all over. Estimate: $125-$200

846. Zacatecas, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1821RG. CT-591, KM-111.5; 27.1 grams. Lustrous AU with subtle toning, very attractive. Estimate: $200$300

Netherlands (under Spain)

847. Zacatecas, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1821AZ. CT-593, KM-111.5; 26.7 grams. Scarce assayer for date, beautifully toned XF+. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of September 26, 1998, with lot-tag. Estimate: $110$175

850. Brabant, portrait ducatoon, Albert and Isabel, 1621, choice. KM-49.2; 32.3 grams. Choice VF (listed in KM for $1100!), with all details (portraits, arms and legends) full and bold and nicely contrasted by toning on fields. Estimate: $350-$500

159

851. Lot of two coins: one silver Â˝ patagon of the early 1600s and one copper jeton of 1683. 2.8 and 6.2 grams. The silver coin is worn, scratched and holed (AVG at best) and appears to have traces of gilding, while the copper coin is quite nice (fully detailed VF), but neither is very valuable. Estimate: $60-$90

Netherlands East Indies and Spain 852. Group of two miscellaneous copper coins: one Dutch East India Co. duit of 1754 and one Spanish (Valencia) seiseno of 1710 (retrograde N). Cay-8075 (seiseno); 3.0 and 5.2 grams. The Dutch coin is slightly oxidized VF, whereas the Spanish coin is a well-detailed and richly toned but evenly worn VG. Estimate: $50-$75

Peru (Lima mint except where noted)

853. Pillar 8 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1753J. CT-277, KM-55.1; 26.9 grams. Beautifully toned XF, slightly offcenter strike but no problems. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of September 26, 1998, with lot-tag. Estimate: $1,000-$1,500

855. Pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1761JM, dot above left mintmark only. CT-781, KM-A64.2; 27.0 grams. Richly toned VF+, no problems, rather pretty. Estimate: $275-$400

854. Pillar 8 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1757JM. CT-282, KM-55.1; 26.9 grams. Off-center AXF with subtle toning around letters, a couple minor weak spots. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of June 2, 2001, with lot-tag. Estimate: $400-$600

856. Pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1764JM, dot above both mintmarks. CT-784, KM-A64.1; 27.0 grams. Elegantly toned XF, no problems. Pedigreed to the Worldwide Coins of California auction #XXXIII (May, 1998), with lot-tag. Estimate: $350-$500

160

Pedigreed to the Numismatics International Mail-Bid sale of March, 2004. Estimate: $100-$150

857. Pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1767JM, dot above left mintmark only. CT-787, KM-A64.2; 26.8 grams. Slightly off-center XF with subtle toning. Estimate: $325-$475

858. Pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1768JM, dot above left mintmark only. CT-788, KM-A64.2; 26.8 grams. Bold VF+, no toning. Estimate: $225-$350

861. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1779MJ. CT-804, KM78; 26.7 grams. Off-center VF with part of edge weak, lightly toned all over. Estimate: $80-$120

862. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1780MI. CT-806, KM78; 26.6 grams. Lightly toned VF with patch of dark toning at top, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Viceroy Amat collection, with Ponterio auction-lot tag from March 8, 1991. Estimate: $100-$150

859. Pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1769JM, dot above both mintmarks. CT-789, KM-A64.1; 26.7 grams. Nice VF with contrasting toning all over, slightly weak rims. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of August 18, 1987, with lot-tag. Estimate: $225-$350

863. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1785MI. CT-811, KM78a; 26.9 grams. VF-XF with muted luster, toning all over. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of February 22, 1997, with lot-tag. Estimate: $90-$135

860. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1778MJ. CT-803, KM78; 26.9 grams. Decent non-toned VF+, no problems. 161

Please send your bids to our special email bidding address: treasurebids@gmail.com

864. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1786MI. CT-812, KM78a; 26.6 grams. Lustrous XF+ with slightly weak centers, off-center strike, subtle toning. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of August 18, 1998, with lot-tag. Estimate: $150-$225

867. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1792IJ. CT-623, KM97; 27.0 grams. Lustrous and lightly toned AU. Pedigreed to the Superior auction of May 31-June 1, 1999, with lot-tag. Estimate: $125-$200

865. Bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1788IJ. CT-815, KM78a; 26.8 grams. Richly toned VF+, desirable pedigree.

868. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1793IJ. CT-624, KM97; 26.9 grams. Decent Fine with lots of little chopmarks as from circulation in the Orient, a few old scratches. Estimate: $50-$75

Pedigreed to the Viceroy Amat collection, with Ponterio auctionlot tag from March 8, 1991. Estimate: $125-$200

866. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1791IJ. CT-622, KM97; 26.7 grams. Beautifully rainbow-toned XF with subtle luster around letters, particularly nice rims. Pedigreed to the Pat Johnson sale of December, 1997, with lottag. Estimate: $110-$175

869. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1794IJ. CT-625, KM97; 26.3 grams. Lustrous AU with light toning, very minor porosity on obverse. Pedigreed to the Coin Galleries auction of April 15, 1998, with lot-tag. Estimate: $150$225

162

870. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1795IJ. CT-626, KM97; 26.9 grams. Decent AXF with subtle toning, minor flaws around rim, nothing serious. Estimate: $100$150

873. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1799IJ. CT-630, KM97; 26.9 grams. Lustrous XF+ with subtle rainbow toning all over, minor rim-bump and small pockmark in front of face. Estimate: $125-$200

871. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1796IJ. CT-627, KM97; 26.6 grams. Nice detail, XF with colorful toning and spots of green, adjustment marks on reverse. Pedigreed to the Coin Galleries auction of November 8, 1995, with lot-tag. Estimate: $110-$175

874. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1804JP. CT-636, KM97; 27.1 grams. XF, slightly weakly struck, with muted luster and rich toning all over (not much contrast). Estimate: $80-$120

872. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1798IJ. CT-629, KM97; 27.0 grams. XF with gorgeous rainbow toning all over. Estimate: $110-$175

875. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1805JP. CT-637, KM97; 26.7 grams. Choice XF, lustrous and rainbow toned, off-center strike. Pedigreed to Pat Johnson’s “20th sale” of 1994, with lot-tag. Estimate: $90-$135

163

876. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1805JP. CT-637, KM97; 25.8 grams. Old-toned VG with big X scratches on both sides, rim-bump. Estimate: $50-$75

880. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII transitional (“imaginary bust”), “FERDND” variety, 1809JP. CT-464, KM-106.1; 27.4 grams. Scarcer variety for date, AXF with subtle rainbow toning, slightly off-center strike. Estimate: $125-$200

877. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1806JP. CT-638, KM97; 27.0 grams. Lustrous AU, very lightly toned. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of July 12, 1994, with lot-tag.

Estimate: $90-$135

881. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII transitional (“imaginary bust”), 1810JP. CT-466, KM-106.2; 26.9 grams. Lustrous XF with toning at rims, off-center obverse. Pedigreed to the Richard A. Long auction #98 (May, 2006). Estimate: $150-$225

878. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1807JP. CT-639, KM97; 26.8 grams. Beautifully toned AU, off-center strike. Estimate: $90-$135 882. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII transitional (“imaginary bust”), 1811JP. CT-467, KM-106.2; 26.8 grams. Bold, lustrous XF with rainbow toning, offcenter strike, old rim-nick. Pedigreed to the Stack’s auction of January, 2004, with lot-tag. Estimate: $150-$225

Please send your bids to our special email bidding address: treasurebids@gmail.com

879. Bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1808JP. CT-640, KM97; 26.6 grams. Highly lustrous XF+, off-center strike, beautiful blue-and-red toning, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Irving Goodman collection, with Superior lottag of June 2-4, 1996. Estimate: $90-$135

164

auction of September 26, 1998, with lot-tag.

Estimate: $125-

$200

883. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1813JP. CT-471, KM-117.1; 27.1 grams. AU with subtle rainbow toning and muted luster, weak rims. Pedigreed to the Richard A. Long auction #87 (November, 1998). Estimate: $110-$175

887. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1817JP. CT-475, KM-117.1; 27.2 grams. Lightly toned VF with very weak centers, slightly weak rims. Estimate: $70-$100

884. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1814JP. CT-472, KM-117.1; 26.7 grams. Lustrous AU, lightly cleaned at some point (no toning), weak rims. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of April 27-28, 2001, with lot-tag. Estimate: $125-$200

885. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1814JP. CT-472, KM-117.1; 25.7 grams. Decent About Fine with subtle yellow toning and dark spots. Estimate: $50-$75

888. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1818JP. CT-476, KM-117.1; 27.0 grams. Lustrous AU or so, no toning, slight evidence of die-clashing. Estimate: $110-$175

889. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1819JP. CT-477, KM-117.1; 27.0 grams. Lustrous and rainbow-toned AU, parts of rims weak, quite pretty overall. Pedigreed to the Richard A. Long auction #98 (May, 2006). Estimate: $125$200

Any questions? Please email Dan at info@sedwickcoins.com or call (407) 975-3325.

886. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1815JP. CT-473, KM-117.1; 27.2 grams. Intensely rainbow-toned and lustrous AU, off-center strike. Pedigreed to the Ponterio 165

of abrasive cleaning in the past, toned around letters. Estimate: $50-$75

890. Bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1820JP. CT-478, KM-117.1; 26.6 grams. Nice XF with luster, light toning, weak rims. Estimate: $90-$135

894. Bust 2 reales, Charles IV, 1792IJ. CT-895, KM95; 6.6 grams. Nicely toned AVF with weak centers, interesting early bust, slightly off-center strike. Estimate: $50-$75 895. Lot of two ½ reales, 1790s. 0.5 and 0.7 gram. Both coins salvaged (probably Rimac River) but with mostly clear details (just not the last digits of the dates), net grade of VF or so, and excellent pair for earrings. Estimate: $40-$60

891. Cuzco, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1824T. CT-397, KM-117.2; 26.7 grams. Decent AXF with light toning, weak rims, desirable one-year issue. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of April 9-10, 1999, with lot-tag. Estimate: $350-$500

Spain

896. Zaragoza, 1 real, 1611CA. CT-406, Cay-4519; 2.9 grams. Old-toned Fine with “wet” (lacquer?) surfaces, full details. Estimate: $60-$85 892. Cuzco, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1824G. CT-398, KM-117.2; 26.8 grams. Lustrous, non-toned VF with parts of rims weak, desirable one-year issue (second assayer). Pedigreed to the Coin Galleries auction of November 7, 1990, with lot-tag. Estimate: $250-$375

893. Bust 2 reales, Charles III, 1785MI. CT-1193, KM-76a; 6.2 grams. Broad-planchet Fine with evidence

897. Barcelona, croat (1 real), 1675. CT-531, Cay-7200; 2.5 grams. Deeply toned VF, off-center strike, all details clear and date bold. Estimate: $75-$110

898. Barcelona, 2 reales, 1711, Charles III Pretender. CT-24, Cay-7983; 4.2 grams. Broad-planchet Fine with all details clear, slightly off-center and warped as usual, nice toning on fields, some weak spots. Estimate: $75-$100 166

900. Madrid, bust 1 real, Charles IV, 1799MF, lustrous AU. CT-990, Cay-13438; 2.9 grams. Lustrous AU, very choice, starting to tone nicely. Estimate: $90$120

899. Madrid, 2 reales “pistareen,” 1761JP. CT-1100, Cay-11458; 5.5 grams. Nice AVF with contrasting toning on fields, no problems. Estimate: $60-$90

ARTIFACTS FROM SHIPWRECKS (note: photos in this section are not actual size!) Unidentified 11th-century wreck off the Philippines, Balabac Island

901. Chinese greyware bowl, Sung Dynasty (ca. 1000-1100 AD). About 7½” in diameter and 3" tall, 1 lb. Greenish-gray in color with incised interior motif, about 20% of bottom unglazed, with shelly encrustation here and there, fully intact. With Philippines National Museum tag #0086824. Estimate: $70-$100

902. Chinese greyware bowl, Sung Dynasty (ca. 1000-1100 AD). About 7½” in diameter and 3" tall, 1 lb. As above but slightly larger and with the glaze crackled, not as much encrustation. With Philippines National Museum tag #0086823. Estimate: $70-$100

167

903. Chinese greyware bowl, Sung Dynasty (ca. 1000-1100 AD). About 7½” in diameter and 3" tall, 1 lb. Same as lot #901 but with even more encrustation. With Philippines National Museum tag #0086825. Estimate: $70-$100

904. Chinese greyware bowl, Sung Dynasty (ca. 1000-1100 AD). About 6½” in diameter and 2½” tall, 1 lb. Like the above but smaller and with no incised design, nicely intact and with encrustation. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090109. Estimate: $70-$100

905. Chinese greyware bowl, Sung Dynasty (ca. 1000-1100 AD). About 6½” in diameter and 2½” tall, 1 lb. As above but with incised (brushed) design inside and no encrustation, minor flaw in rim. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090110. Estimate: $70-$100

906. Chinese greyware bowl, Sung Dynasty (ca. 1000-1100 AD). About 6½” in diameter and 2½” tall, 1 lb. As above, minimal design but nicely lustrous glaze, no encrustation. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090111. Estimate: $70-$100

168

907. Chinese greyware bowl, Sung Dynasty (ca. 1000-1100 AD). About 6½” in diameter and 3" tall, 1 lb. As above but slightly larger, minor flaws in rim, no encrustation. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090112. Estimate: $70-$100

908. Chinese greyware bowl, Sung Dynasty (ca. 1000-1100 AD). About 6½” in diameter and 3" tall, 1 lb. As above, deeper design inside, also with design on outside, nice glaze, no encrustation. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090113. Estimate: $70-$100

909. Chinese greyware bowl, Sung Dynasty (ca. 1000-1100 AD). About 6½” in diameter and 3" tall, 1 lb. As above but with much less glaze, sand inclusions, minor flaws in rim. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090114. Estimate: $70-$100

910. Chinese greyware bowl, Sung Dynasty (ca. 1000-1100 AD). About 6½” in diameter and 3" tall, 1 lb. As above, with bright and shiny glaze, minor rim-flaws, no encrustation. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090115. Estimate: $70-$100

169

911. Chinese greyware bowl, Sung Dynasty (ca. 1000-1100 AD). About 6½” in diameter and 3" tall, 1 lb. As above but without the exterior design, no encrustation, nicely intact. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090116. Estimate: $70-$100

913. Chinese greyware bowl, Sung Dynasty (ca. 1000-1100 AD). About 6½” in diameter and 3" tall, 1 lb. As above, not as much glaze, minimal encrustation, perfectly intact. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090118. Estimate: $70-$100

912. Chinese greyware bowl, Sung Dynasty (ca. 1000-1100 AD). About 6½” in diameter and 3" tall, 1 lb. As above, incised design on the exterior as well as inside, good glaze with sand inclusions, minor flaws in rim. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090117. Estimate: $70-$100

914. Chinese greyware bowl, Sung Dynasty (ca. 1000-1100 AD). About 6½” in diameter and 3" tall, 1 lb. As above but interior design only, good glaze, perfectly intact, no encrustation. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090119. Estimate: $70-$100

170

Unidentified 11th- or 12th-century wreck off the Philippines, Luuk Island

915. Chinese greyware bowl, Sung Dynasty (ca. 1000-1100 AD). About 6½” in diameter and 3" tall, 1 lb. As above but no design, great encrustation including one large oyster shell on the bottom. With Philippines National Museum tag #0086826. Estimate: $70-$100

917. Brown, lidded earthenware pot, probably circa 1100 AD. About 10" tall and 8½” in diameter, 3½ lb. This large pot is remarkably light for its size, its thin and fragile walls incredibly still intact, with lots of white encrustation over the brown composition (very nice contrast), some etched pattern on the removable lid but otherwise plain, also with curious coral spikes on the bottom that act as tiny legs, the place and time period of manufacture unknown but clearly early. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090070. Estimate: $700-$1,000

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916. Chinese greyware bowl, Sung Dynasty (ca. 1000-1100 AD). About 6½” in diameter and 3" tall, 1 lb. As above but lighter color, with interior design, lots of minor flaws in rim, encrusted with many oyster shells (nice display). With Philippines National Museum tag #0086827. Estimate: $70-$100

171

918. Encrusted Chinese stoneware jar, Sung Dynasty (ca. 1100 AD). About 7" tall and 7" in diameter at its widest, 3½ lb. A perfectly intact, medium-sized, flatbottomed urn with rolled lip (3" opening) and four small loops on the shoulders, but most remarkable for its near-complete coating of fine encrustation all over against the tan surfaces, quite a nice display. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090069. Estimate: $500-$750

Unidentified 11th- or 12th-century wreck off the Philippines, Balabac Island

919. Light brown Chinese stoneware jarlet, Sung Dynasty (ca. 1100 AD). About 6" in diameter and 4" wide, 487 grams. A squat, globular jar with rolled-lip open top (2½” opening) and four small handles on shoulders, greenish-brown glaze with oyster encrustation on top half (lower part unglazed), one loose shell inside, perfectly intact and quite attractive overall. With Philippines National Museum tag #0086830. Estimate: $500-$750

920. Encrusted Chinese stoneware “kendi” (pitcher), Sung Dynasty (ca. 11th century AD). About 7" tall and 5" in diameter at its widest, 1½ lb. Basically a bulbous, flat-bottomed vase with narrow spout in shoulder, flared open top, orange glaze lavishly coated with wormy and shelly encrustation, a very cute piece, fully intact and quite appealing to the shipwreck enthusiast. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090065. Estimate: $500-$750 172

921. Encrusted Chinese stoneware “kendi” (pitcher), Sung Dynasty (ca. 11th century AD). About 7" tall and 5" in diameter at its widest, 1½ lb. As above but with slightly less encrustation. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090066. Estimate: $500-$750

922. Encrusted Chinese stoneware “kendi” (pitcher), Sung Dynasty (ca. 11th century AD). About 7" tall and 5" in diameter at its widest, 1½ lb. As above, not as orange but loaded with encrustation, one large oyster at top in particular. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090067. Estimate: $500-$750

923. Encrusted Chinese stoneware urn, Sung Dynasty (ca. 1100 AD). About 7" tall and 6" in diameter at its widest, 2 lb. Much like lot #918 above, this perfectly intact flat-bottomed jar has a rolled-lip 3" opening at top and four small loops on the shoulders and is completely covered with white encrustation (thick in places) against an orange background, making for a nice display. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090068. Estimate: $500-$750

173

Unidentified 12th-century wreck off the Philippines, Coron Island

924. Octagonal nine-piece tray set, celadon Chinese porcelain, Sung dynasty (1100s). Center piece about 5" in diameter with 3½” surrounding plates, about 2 lb overall. This is a matching set of nine shallow (about ½”) trays, with one central octagon surrounded by eight smaller five-sided pieces, all grayish white with no markings or design but nicely coated with encrustation in colors ranging from white to tan to pink, intact except for a chip here and there (from before salvage). With Philippines National Museum tag #0090073. Estimate: $500-$750

925. Octagonal nine-piece tray set, celadon Chinese porcelain, Sung dynasty (1100s). Center piece about 5" in diameter with 3½” surrounding plates, about 2 lb overall. As above but no chips in rims. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090074. Estimate: $500-$750

926. Octagonal nine-piece tray set, celadon Chinese porcelain, Sung dynasty (1100s). Center piece about 5" in diameter with 3½” surrounding plates, about 2 lb overall. As above, probably the most encrusted set in this offering. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090075. Estimate: $500-$750

174

927. Octagonal nine-piece tray set, celadon Chinese porcelain, Sung dynasty (1100s). Center piece about 5" in diameter with 3½” surrounding plates, about 2 lb overall. As above, some encrustation, one small chip. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090076. Estimate: $500-$750

928. Octagonal nine-piece tray set, celadon Chinese porcelain, Sung dynasty (1100s). Center piece about 5" in diameter with 3½” surrounding plates, about 2 lb overall. As above, not much encrustation, two chips in rim. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090077. Estimate: $500-$750

929. Octagonal nine-piece tray set, celadon Chinese porcelain, Sung dynasty (1100s). Center piece about 5" in diameter with 3½” surrounding plates, about 2 lb overall. As above, good encrustation, a few chips (one quite noticeable). With Philippines National Museum tag #0090078. Estimate: $500-$750

175

Unidentified 14th- to 15th-century wreck off the Philippines, Luuk Island 930. Dark brown Chinese stoneware pitcher, Ming Dynasty (1300s-1400s). About 9" tall and 7½” maximum diameter, 5 lb. A gorgeous piece, 100% intact, in a rich dark-brown glaze (except for the bottom 20%, which is unglazed), with three small handles and one spout around the shoulders, large opening (about 4" in diameter) with minor chip in the top, spots of tan encrustation here and there, a very old “little brown jug” that could still be used today. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090079. Estimate: $700-$1,000

Unidentified 15th- to 16th-century wreck off the Philippines, Luuk Island

932. Celadon (green) bowl encrusted with shells, Sawankhalot earthenware, 1400s-1500s. About 8" in diameter and 3-3/4" tall, 2 lb. The center of this deep bowl 931. Long-neck “blanc-de-chine” (Te-hua) Chinese is a rich, solid green surrounded by line drawings (flowers), with a ribbed petal-like design on the porcelain vase, Ming Dynasty (1400s-1500s). About 9" tall and 5" at its widest, 2 lb. A lovely bulbous vase with outside. Most interesting is the fact that the bowl is encrusted with the remains of at least five large oysters long, flared neck and flat base, no pattern (just white and some coral. The green color is a bit degraded and under glaze), perfectly intact and with large oyster shell attached to and sticking out of the top and a film crackled but the overall integrity of the piece is perfectly intact. With Philippines National Museum tag of white encrustation on the bottom. With Philippines #0086828. Estimate: $250-$375 National Museum tag #0090106. Estimate: $700-$1,000 176

933. Large celadon (green) bowl encrusted with shells, Sawankhalot earthenware, 1400s-1500s. About 9½” in diameter and 4½” tall, 3½ lb. Larger than the last lot but with the green color almost totally gone due to sea-wear, the ribbed pattern on the exterior (as formed) still apparent, but also encrusted with multiple oyster shells and coral, maybe not a treasure to porcelain purists but surely a beautiful display for shipwreck enthusiasts. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090099. Estimate: $250-$375

934. Four-handled jarlet, Annamese blue-on-white porcelain, 1400s-1500s. About 3½” in diameter and 2" tall, 137 grams. This dainty and beautiful jarlet has an open hole in the middle of the top and four small loops around the perimeter, as well as a tiny pouring spout, which makes me believe it was intended as a hanging oil lamp, the somewhat floral pattern in blue a little sea-worn (under crackled glaze) but fully intact. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090101. Estimate: $250-$375

935. Lidded powder-box, Annamese blue-on-white porcelain, 1400s-1500s. About 2½” in diameter and 2" tall, 137 grams. A small and somewhat spherical box with flat top (typical “powder-box” design), floral pattern on top and paneled motif around the outside, the interior like new and a perfect match of lid to base, 100% intact and very cute. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090104. Estimate: $250-$375

Flor do Mar, sunk in 1511 off Sumatra, Indonesia

936. Chinese jade pendant (seahorse head with human face). About 2" x 1" x ½”, 50.9 grams. Most people think of jade as green, but in its darkest form it is black, as is the case here, although this object also bears a light film of brown and white encrustation over most of its surface. The shape appears to be the head of a seahorse (with long, pointed snout) with human face and a hole for suspension at the top between the ears. No doubt it is rare, not just as a discovery-period Eastern artifact, but also for its shipwreck origin, the first item from this wreck I have ever offered for sale. With Robert Marx certificate. Estimate: $250-$375

177

Unidentified 16th-century Spanish wreck off Crocker Reef in the Florida Keys

937. Bronze marinerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s astrolabe in coral matrix (as found), probably Spanish, ca. 1580. About 10" x 8" x 5", 8 pounds. One of the highlights of this auction, this piece is one of very few (about 70) known extant astrolabes, which were early navigational devices for determining latitude based on astronomical observation, specifically in replacement of the more cumbersome quadrant (which was impossible to use accurately on a rocking ship). The overall shape of it is round with open quarters, with a suspension ring at top and a rotating alidade in the center for measurement, but most salvaged specimens from shipwrecks like this one (which, incidentally, is where most of the known specimens originated) lack the ring and alidade. (In fact, the dating and nationality of this piece come from its near-exact likeness to one found on one of the wrecks of the Spanish Armada of 1588.) The surfaces of this piece are very worn and corroded (no markings visible), even a bit rusty and patinated, but what is unique about this piece is the fact that it is beautifully lodged in a large head of coral (white with bits of green and pink). Unfortunately, the identity of the shipwreck that yielded this important piece is not known, but the pedigree and accompanying documentation should be enough to satisfy the most ardent researcher. With Stimson book The Marinerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Astrolabe (1988) and Winter, 1994, issue of Treasure Quest magazine with picture of this astrolabe and its finders on the cover. Estimate: $35,000-$50,000

178

Espadarte, sunk in 1558 off Mozambique 938. Group of four Chinese blue-on-white porcelain cups. Each about 2¼” tall and 1½” in diameter, 130 grams total. These represent the only artifacts I have been able to offer from the same wreck that yielded the many gold nuggets (lots #52-74 in this sale), and if they were intact I would certainly offer them one-by-one, but alas they are not. Each one has significant chips and voids in the rim. At least they are not broken into shards! The same blue-on-white floral motif is on each cup, with one flower inside, the glaze mostly intact, with coral encrustation on one of the cups. With Arqueonautas certificate #IDM-002/01/28+65+76+128. Estimate: $375-$550

“Cidade Velha wrecks,” sunk in the 1500s off the Cape Verde Islands, west of Africa 939. Lot of two crosses and three Christ figures in brass. From 1" to 2½” each, 12.1 grams total. A major part of Portuguese and Spanish exploration in the 1500s was proselytizing, the conversion of native peoples to Christianity. Naturally they needed props, and these inexpensive brass trinkets fit the bill. The design usually consisted of a cross with a Christ figure attached, but many times the two pieces got separated, which is the case here. Each one is corroded and broken in some way (missing an arm, etc.) but recognizable and a tangible piece of Christian history. With Arqueonautas certificate #AGO-050/98/962. Estimate: $225-$350 940. Lot of three crucifixes and a ring in brass. Crucifixes about 1" to 1½”, ring about ½” in diameter, 8.6 grams total. Unlike the above, the crucifixes in this lot were

all-in-ones, with the Christ figure and cross cast together, but these are also broken and corroded. The ring in this lot, while thin and corroded, is intact and bears a simple chevron pattern on the outside. With Arqueonautas certificate #AGO-050/98/874. Estimate: $175-$250

179

941. Lot of one religious character, one crucifix and one buckle, all in brass. About 3/4" to 1½” each, 6.5 grams total. The crucifix in this lot is as above, but the religious character is more like a statuette of some saint or angel, while the buckle (small, rectangular) of course has no religious connection. Each is corroded and not quite intact but recognizable. With Arqueonautas certificate #AGO-050/98/944. Estimate: $120-$160

943. Lot of one cross and one ring in brass. The cross about 2" x 1½”, the ring about 3/4" in diameter, 3.9 grams total. Last of the lots of religious items from this wreck, the cross in this lot is almost full, and the ring is complete except for a breach opposite the thickest part (most likely the top), both corroded but very recognizable. With Arqueonautas certificate #AGO-050/98/931. Estimate: $75-$100

944. Silver buckle. About 1¼” x 1-1/8", 3.7 grams. This piece is perfectly intact and uncorroded, made in an oval figure-eight shape, no hasp or hinge (just the buckle part), very well preserved. With Arqueonautas certificate #AGO-051/99/15042. Estimate: $120-$160

942. Lot of one crucifix and one Christ figure in brass. About 1" to 2" each, 5.0 grams total. This lot contains one of each type of crucifix, one with the Christ figure as part of the overall design and the other a separate figure that was attached to a cross. Both are corroded but recognizable. With Arqueonautas certificate #AGO-050/98/858. Estimate: $90-$120

945. Cuprous gun lock. About 4½” x 1¼” x 1", 82.1 grams. This open rectangular item with fourteen holes (as made) was fitted onto the underside of a gun to hold the lock mechanism (probably a wheel-lock). This specimen appears to be intact although the metal is thin and split in two places at the ends. With Arqueonautas certificate #AGO-051/98/624. Estimate: $100-$150 180

Atocha, sunk in 1622 west of Key West, Santa Margarita, sunk in 1622 west of Florida Key West, Florida

946. Lot of six lead musket-balls. Each about 5/8" in diameter, 148 grams total. Inexpensive artifacts but always popular, these six musket-balls are in typically intact condition with traces of encrustation, one certificate for the whole lot. With original Fisher certificate. Estimate: $40-$60

947. Iron spike, professionally conserved, with wooden display stand. About 7½” long with 1" head, 150 grams. A rather unassuming (typical) spike with square head and shank whose main value comes from its certified origin and professional conservation, which left the piece black and grainy in texture, also nicely cradled in a cherry-wood stand for attractive display. With Fisher certificate #00M-50245. Estimate: $100-$150

“São Francisco wreck,” sunk ca. 1650 off the Cape Verde Islands, west of Africa 948. Brass ring from a stocked weapon. About 1" in diameter and ¼” tall, 8.9 grams. The archeologists who conserved this piece call it a “ring holding barrel,” but I cannot figure out what part of the gun that is! All I can say is that it is a thick ring with three protrusions that had some function on a 1600s rifle. I will leave it up to the arms experts to figure out the rest! With Arqueonautas certificate #BOA-006/96/195. Estimate: $75-$100

949. Cuprous trigger guard with hallmark. Roughly 3½” x 1½” x 1", 51.4 grams. Unlike the last lot, this piece is readily identifiable as the C-shaped guard that covers the trigger, and it appears to be intact, with a touchmark (letter M in circle?) on the bottom and curiously of two distinctly different colors (brassy toward the front, the rest more of a bronze color), so possibly partially plated. With Arqueonautas certificate #BOA-006/99/40686. Estimate: $75-$100 950. Group of three earthenware olive jar necks. Each about 4" in diameter with 2" opening, 2" tall, 819 grams total. Perhaps the most recognizable part of the olive

jars whose shards litter nearly every Spanish wreck is the jar’s neck, the round, thick opening at the top. Though shards themselves are a dime a dozen, the necks have always attracted a premium because they make a nice display. These, the only ones I have ever seen from this particular wreck, are in great shape, orange to tan in color, no encrustation. With Arqueonautas certificate #AGO-063/99/15608. Estimate: $60-$90 181

Unidentified 17th-century wreck off the Philippines, Luuk Island 951. Large blue-on-white Chinese porcelain bowl with flat, scalloped rim, phoenix bird design, Late Ming Dynasty (1600s). About 14" in diameter and 3" tall, 6 lb. Gorgeously vivid blue color, depicting a tall, feathered bird among plants in the center surrounded by more foliage around the bowl, scrollwork pattern around the flat rim, much simpler pattern on exterior, sand-encrusted bottom, 100% intact and impressively large, very similar to the K’ang Hsi porcelains that have been so popular from Spanish wrecks. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090091. Estimate: $1,500-$2,250 952. Large blue-on-white Chinese porcelain bowl with flat, scalloped rim, “kylins”(?) design, Late Ming Dynasty (1600s). About 14" in diameter and 3" tall, 6 lb. As above but design like lot #956, same perfect condition. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090092. Estimate: $1,500-$2,250 953. Large blue-on-white Chinese porcelain bowl with flat, scalloped rim, herons design, Late Ming Dynasty (1600s). About 14" in diameter and 3" tall, 6 lb. As above but different interior motif, with four birds flying and among the plants in center, plus four more birds in foliage around the bowl, simple exterior design and sand-encrusted bottom, perfectly intact and beautiful. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090090. Estimate: $1,500-$2,250 954. Large blue-on-white Chinese porcelain bowl with flat, scalloped rim, herons design, Late Ming Dynasty (1600s). About 14" in diameter and 3" tall, 6 lb. As above but with the design a bit waterworn and not as vivid, still perfectly intact and impressive. With Philippines National Museum tag #0086486. Estimate: $1,500-$2,250 955. Large blue-on-white Chinese porcelain bowl with flat, scalloped rim, herons design, Late Ming Dynasty (1600s). About 14" in diameter and 3" tall, 6 lb. As above, with better blues but a grayer white for background, perfectly intact and impressive. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090089. Estimate: $1,500$2,250 956. Large blue-on-white Chinese porcelain bowl, “kylins”(?) design, Late Ming Dynasty (1600s). About 14" in diameter and 3" tall, 6 lb. Another beautiful, big blue bowl but this one with no rim, similar design to the “phoenix bird” pattern in lot #951 but with what look like aquatic mammals (probably meant to be “kylins,” which were magical beasts) instead, with sandy bottom and perfectly intact like the others. With Philippines National Museum tag #0086484. Estimate: $1,200-$1,800

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957. Large blue-on-white Chinese porcelain bowl, phoenix bird design, Late Ming Dynasty (1600s). About 14" in diameter and 3" tall, 6 lb. As above but with tall bird in center (â&#x20AC;&#x153;phoenix birdâ&#x20AC;? design), gorgeously vivid blues, very impressive. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090131. Estimate: $1,200-$1,800 958. Large blue-on-white Chinese porcelain bowl, phoenix bird design, Late Ming Dynasty (1600s). About 14" in diameter and 3" tall, 6 lb. As above, slightly cruder with sand inside the glaze, still 100% intact and beautiful. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090132. Estimate: $1,200-$1,800 959. Large blue-on-white Chinese porcelain bowl, phoenix bird design, Late Ming Dynasty (1600s). About 14" in diameter and 3" tall, 6 lb. As above, the central design a little waterworn but still very clear and intact. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090128. Estimate: $1,200-$1,800 960. Large blue-on-white Chinese porcelain bowl, phoenix bird design, Late Ming Dynasty (1600s). About 14" in diameter and 3" tall, 6 lb. As above, lighter (washed out) color all over, still perfectly intact. With Philippines National Museum tag #0086271. Estimate: $1,200-$1,800 961. Large blue-on-white Chinese porcelain bowl, phoenix bird design, Late Ming Dynasty (1600s). About 14" in diameter and 3" tall, 6 lb. As above, better blue but darker background, perfectly intact. With Philippines National Museum tag #0086272. Estimate: $1,200-$1,800 962. Large blue-on-white Chinese porcelain bowl, phoenix bird design, Late Ming Dynasty (1600s). About 14" in diameter and 3" tall, 6 lb. As above, good blue color and white background, just a little waterworn, perfectly intact. With Philippines National Museum tag #0086273. Estimate: $1,200-$1,800

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963. Large blue-on-white Chinese porcelain bowl, herons design, Late Ming Dynasty (1600s). About 14" in diameter and 3" tall, 6 lb. Same shape as above but different motif with four birds in foliage in center and five birds in foliage around the bowl, decent color (just a little seaworn here and there), perfectly intact. With Philippines National Museum tag #0086274. Estimate: $1,200-$1,800 964. Large blue-on-white Chinese porcelain bowl, herons design, Late Ming Dynasty (1600s). About 14" in diameter and 3" tall, 6 lb. As above, better blue color, minor pits as made, perfectly intact. With Philippines National Museum tag #0086485. Estimate: $1,200-$1,800 965. Large blue-on-white Chinese porcelain bowl, herons design, Late Ming Dynasty (1600s). About 14" in diameter and 3" tall, 6 lb. As above, with very vivid blues, 100% intact and impressive. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090129. Estimate: $1,200-$1,800 966. Large blue-on-white Chinese porcelain bowl, herons design, Late Ming Dynasty (1600s). About 14" in diameter and 3" tall, 6 lb. As above but with slightly darker background, perfectly intact. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090130. Estimate: $1,200-$1,800 967. Large blue-on-white Chinese porcelain bowl, herons design, Late Ming Dynasty (1600s). About 14" in diameter and 3" tall, 6 lb. As above but the color a bit degraded from sea-wear, still 100% intact and impressive. With Philippines National Museum tag #0086270. Estimate: $700-$1,000 968. Deep blue-on-white Chinese porcelain basin with flared rim, flowers and waffle design, Late Ming Dynasty (1600s). About 11½” in diameter and 3-3/4" tall, 4 lb. A wealth of blue color in a waffle-like pattern all around the bowl, with central flower and others in four cartouches and on the rim, elegant pattern around the exterior as well, sand-encrusted bottom, fully intact and impressive. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090137. Estimate: $700-$1,000 969. Deep blue-on-white Chinese porcelain basin with flared rim, flowers and waffle design, Late Ming Dynasty (1600s). About 11½” in diameter and 3-3/4" tall, 4 lb. As above, the deep blue color even more vivid, completely intact and very impressive. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090135. Estimate: $700-$1,000 970. Deep blue-on-white Chinese porcelain basin with flared rim, flowers and waffle design, Late Ming Dynasty (1600s). About 11½” in diameter and 3-3/4" tall, 4 lb. As above in all respects. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090136. Estimate: $700-$1,000

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971. Deep blue-on-white Chinese porcelain basin with flared rim, flowers and waffle design, Late Ming Dynasty (1600s). About 11½” in diameter and 3-3/4" tall, 4 lb. Same pattern and overall condition as above but with the blue color significantly degraded from sea-wear, therefore not as eye-catching but interesting to show the effects of the salvage. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090134. Estimate: $700-$1,000

972. Small, conical, Chinese porcelain bowl with blue-on-white kylin design in center with brown grass around it and on exterior, Late Ming Dynasty (1600s). About 7½” in diameter and 3½” tall, 1½ lb. Mostly white with blue color only in center (depicting a magical beast known as a “kylin”), brown grass blades over glaze around that and on exterior, sand-encrusted bottom, fully intact but much less impressive than the big blue bowls above. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090094. Estimate: $250-$375 973. Small, conical, Chinese porcelain bowl with blue-on-white kylin design in center with brown grass around it and on exterior, Late Ming Dynasty (1600s). About 7½” in diameter and 3½” tall, 1½ lb. As above, the brown grass blades almost totally worn away but replaced with curious coral encrustation on exterior, fully intact. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090095. Estimate: $250-$375 974. Small, conical, Chinese porcelain bowl with blue-on-white kylin design in center with brown grass around it and on exterior, Late Ming Dynasty (1600s). About 7½” in diameter and 3½” tall, 1½ lb. As

above, no encrustation but grass blades present inside bowl. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090096. Estimate: $250-$375

975. Small, conical, Chinese porcelain bowl with blue-on-white kylin design in center with brown grass around it and on exterior, Late Ming Dynasty (1600s). About 7½” in diameter and 3½” tall, 1½ lb. As above, interior grass blades gone, fully intact but with hairline crack under glaze. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090097. Estimate: $250-$375 188

Maravillas, sunk in 1656 off Grand Bahama Island 978. Large natural emerald. 6.5 carats, roughly 3/4" x ½” x ¼”. A big green rock, very dark and not too “washed out,” with some brown on the side that appears to be encrustation but could be crystal matrix, not gem quality but a valuable artifact that would be worth $5000 or more if it came from Mel Fisher’s Atocha! Estimate: $1,000-$1,500 976. Small, conical, Chinese porcelain bowl with blue-on-white kylin design in center with brown grass around it and on exterior, Late Ming Dynasty (1600s). About 7½” in diameter and 3½” tall, 1½ lb. As above, the brown overglaze pattern completely missing, curiously with the glaze crackled all over (a nice effect), perfectly intact. With Philippines National Museum tag #0090098. Estimate: $250-$375

979. Large natural emerald. 3.75 carats, roughly ½” x 3/ 8" x ¼”. Another big rock like the above, just smaller and a little more crystalline in shape, still not gem quality but sure to be a hot item for shipwreck artifact enthusiasts. Estimate: $700-$1,000

Sacramento, sunk in 1668 off Brazil Capitana (Jesús María de la Limpia Concepción), sunk in 1654 off Chanduy, Ecuador

980. Group of several lead shot, some tiny (birdshot) and some bigger (musket balls). Total weight about 3 oz. As the ammunition of choice, lead musket balls come from every colonial-era shipwreck, and as this lot shows, they come in all different sizes, from less than a pea to almost a cherry. This lot is noteworthy for its exact origin, the first such artifacts I have ever offered from this scarce wreck. Estimate: $50-$75 977. Encrusted silver plate. About 8½” in diameter, 1 lb. Severely mangled (two sides folded into center, part of rim missing) but loaded with lovely shelly encrustation as uncleaned, rare item from this wreck. Estimate: $250-$500

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“Porto Bello wreck,” sunk in 1681 off Porto Bello, Panama

981. Long steel rapier blade, Spanish, professionally conserved. About 46" long and 3/4" at its widest. After I sold a similar example in my last auction for over $250, suddenly some of the people who had bought these cheap when they first came up in the 1990s showed an interest in letting go of some of their specimens, as you can see by the three pieces I offer here (this lot and the next two). Despite the temporary surfeit after the find, these blades have actually become scarce and are remarkable for having survived the centuries under the sea (most steel does not). This specimen has been professionally conserved and is resultantly dark and “dry” in texture, fragile of course but thoroughly stable and intact except for surface corrosion. Estimate: $150-$225

982. Long steel rapier blade, Spanish, professionally conserved. About 46" long and 3/4" at its widest. As above, just a little shorter and with less of the tang (end opposite the point) remaining. Estimate: $150-$225

983. Long steel rapier blade, Spanish, cleaned and sealed. About 46" long and 3/4" at its widest. As above but instead of professional electrolytic conservation this piece was simply cleaned and sealed with clear lacquer, which imparts a browner color with a shine but should be stable as well. Estimate: $150-$225

Consolación (“Isla de Muerto shipwreck”), sunk in 1681 off Santa Clara Island, Ecuador

984. Top portion of an earthenware olive jar with two smaller shards. About 13" in diameter and 5" tall, about 5 lb total. This is the “head and shoulders” of what must have been a rather large olive jar (the typical Spanish amphora for all kinds of goods), being the whole neck and up to 8" below that, plus two small pieces that broke off the main part, with a thin film of whitish encrustation in places against tan-orange surfaces, a big and impressive artifact even if technically incomplete. With ROBCAR certificate #C00030. Estimate: $75-$150

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985. Copper pot handle. Roughly 6½” x 4¼” x 5/8", 472 grams. A thick copper wire with flattened ends bent into a circle for use as a handle for what must have been a huge pot (probably iron, rusted away), the flat ends holed for fasteners (one hole stripped), professionally conserved, nice copper color, the stress and flow lines of the forged copper very apparent. With ROBCAR certificate #B0014. Estimate: $60-$80

986. Long, complete copper spike. About 13" long, 3/4" in cross section, 592 grams. A whole spike, still straight and intact, used to hold the ship together, now sea-worn and pitted but with obvious point and head, no markings. With ROBCAR certificate #B0018. Estimate: $40-$60

Spanish 1715 Fleet, east coast of Florida 987. Gold “money” chain, 118 twisted links. 226.5 grams, about 28" long, each link about 3/8" in diameter. An incredible beach find, consisting of 118 oval links of thick, twisted, solid gold (unknown fineness, probably high, 22K or better), the exact same design as was found in substantial numbers on the 1622 Fleet (Atocha and Santa Margarita) with one difference: The links are fused shut, not open as on the earlier pieces, which were called “money chains” for their ability to be pried open and separated to make payment and thus avoid tax. I believe, therefore, that this 1700s chain was some kind of contemporary recreation of the popular 1600s chain, worn and used by the Spanish colonists in much the same way as before but with less chance of accidental separation. As a more modern piece, it has to be worth much less than the 1600s specimens, which in this size are valued in the range of about $100,000 each, but how much less will be determined here and now! Each link is a bit worn and crude (adds to the authenticity) but neatly and uniformly executed, with only a thin trace of sediment or encrustation here and there, the overall length indicative of a necklace but without any kind of clasp. Estimate: $10,000-$15,000

988. Gold “money” chain, 32 smooth links. 72.0 grams, about 7½” long, each link about 3/8" in diameter. Found with the above and of similar design and intent, yet with the 32 links made from a smooth, solid-gold wire (again, probably 22K or better), of a better size for a bracelet than a necklace but with no clasp of any kind, also a bit worn but with traces of staining or encrustation, lustrous gold color. Estimate: $6,000$7,500

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989. Gold cross with one smooth link. 45.5 grams, about 2¼” tall and 1½” wide and 1/8" thick, with ½” link in loop at top. Brilliant gold cross, 100% intact, with flared, fleur-de-lis type ends and ornate engraved design all over the front (smooth on sides and back), very thick and solid (probably 22K or better), with one smooth link at top that is round but otherwise an exact match with the chain links in the last lot (so perhaps once joined with it, especially since both were found in the same area), with a hint of dark encrustation in the crevices of the link but the cross itself 100% clean and lustrous (has the look of a Mint State gold cob!), undoubtedly a very important and valuable artifact that deserves further research and study in terms of who on board the ships might have lost it! Estimate: $3,500$4,750 990. Lot of hundreds of gold bits (jewelry and small nuggets). 18.8 grams total. A fascinating lot that consists mostly of broken chain-links from so-called “olive-blossom chains” (small and flowery), an intact 1" length of which is also included, as well as a 1½” length of plainer chain, 8 or so crushed links from a rosary, over a dozen tiny, natural gold nuggets, and (best of all) a 1" tall Jesus figure from a crucifix, all found in the same beach area over a certain period (with a huge amount of patience!), all high-grade gold (22K or better), some with bits of encrustation. Estimate: $600-$900

991. Small, thick gold ring. About 11/16" outside diameter and ½” inside, 3.0 grams. A solid ring for a tiny finger, as was so common then, in a plain hexagonal pattern, probably mid-grade gold (estimated 14K by color), perfectly intact and wearable—if you happen to have tiny fingers! With Fisher photo-certificate #550. Estimate: $500-$750 992. Plain gold ring. About 3/4" outside diameter and 5/8" inside, 2.6 grams. No design, looks just like a modern wedding band for men except that it is somewhat coppery (probably lower karat than is used today), perfectly intact and wearable. With Bob “Frogfoot” Weller photo-certificate. Estimate: $500-$700 993. Low-karat gold ring of ornate design. About 7/8" outside diameter and 5/8" inside, 1.9 grams. Obviously lowgrade gold (dark and brassy) but intricate design (octagonal, with rhomboid panels on the outside), broken and crudely repaired in four places, still wearable. From the Regla site, with original Cobb Coin Co. plastic tag from 1988. Estimate: $400-$600 192

together, but the design is quite detailed and the silver is bright and beautiful. From the Regla site. Estimate: $400-$600

994. Small silver ring. About 11/16" outside diameter and 9/16" inside, 1.0 gram. A dainty little thing for a tiny finger, rope-like pattern, very lightly corroded but professionally conserved, with one small break that should be reparable. Estimate: $200-$375

997. Copper tassel ornament. About 2¼” long and 1" at its widest. This thin, ornate, tubular artifact appears to have been simply a leafy ornament for the end of a tassel (a notion the consignor has reinforced by threading it over a section of silky rope), possibly gilded or enameled at one time but now a rusty copper color with a shiny, clear coating, intact except for a few splits. From the Regla site. Estimate: $150-$225

995. Large silver(?) buckle. About 2½” x 7/8", 28.5 grams. A big, rectangular belt buckle (curved, missing the inner latch) that is all black with spots of white, a typical color for oxidized silver but then I would also expect some silvery shine somewhere, so maybe it is something else (like pewter). Estimate: $100-$150

998. Lot of two brass/bronze buttons. Each about 3/4" in diameter and 5.9 grams total. Two buttons of identical design of concentric circles, full loops in back, dark and patinated (some minor encrustation). Estimate: $25-$35

996. Ornate, spherical silver bulb. About 3½” in diameter, 67 grams. I have no idea what the purpose of this unique artifact was, but to us modern folks it looks just like a Christmas-tree ornament with hollow, spherical body topped with holed neck for attaching to a branch. About 40% of the body is missing, and some of what is there appears to have been expertly pieced

999. Iron axe-head, professionally conserved and fitted with an accurate facsimile wooden handle. 30"-long handle with 9½” x 3" head, 3½ lb. Like most iron implements from shipwrecks, this axe-head required intensive electrolytic conservation, and while he was at it the conservator fashioned a wooden handle to go with it, an exact replica of how the original (eaten away by teredo worms) would have looked. The head itself is typically black and grainy but very sturdy and heavy, the wooden handle very rustic and convincing. With Armstrong conservation report. Estimate: $500-$750

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1000. Iron hand grenade, professionally conserved. About 2-3/4" in diameter, 2 lb. A small grenade, basically a hollow cannonball with hole in side for putting in gunpowder and a fuse (both long gone in this case), the surfaces smooth and black from conservation, popular item (one in my last auction sold for $920!). From the “Cannon wreck” site, with certificate. Estimate: $500-$750

1002. Iron hand grenade, professionally conserved. About 2-3/4" in diameter, 2 lb. As above, with fuse (same situation), same wrecksite. From the “Corrigans” site, with Fisher certificate #11554P. Estimate: $500-$750

1001. Iron hand grenade, professionally conserved. About 2-3/4" in diameter, 2 lb. As above but with wooden fuse (may be a facsimile, but it appears on the certificate) and different wrecksite. From the “Corrigans” site, with Fisher certificate #11554N. Estimate: $500-$750

1003. Five iron grapeshot, professionally conserved. Each about 1 lb., 2" in diameter. These are basically mini-cannonballs, arranged in a cluster to be shot out of a cannon all at once, like birdshot on a grand scale, usually used for clearing the decks of enemy ships. Each one has been professionally cleaned and stabilized (an expensive process but necessary to ensure that these will not rust away to nothing), fully round and intact. Estimate: $150-$250

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Guadalupe-Tolosa, sunk in 1724 in Samaná Bay, Dominican Republic 1004. Large earthenware olive jar with coral encrustation, original cork inside, with wrought iron stand. About 21" tall and 11" in diameter at its widest, with 28"-tall stand. One of the best olive jars I have ever seen, bigger than most (but still with typical rounded bottom and rolled lip at top) and perfectly intact, with lots of white encrustation that includes a big piece of coral at top. The underlying surface is typically tan, with no discernible markings. While jars such as these were typical vessels of their time (basically colonialera amphoras), used to hold just about anything, it is rare to see a completely intact one, especially from a shipwreck, which more typically yielded buckets of shards. The original cork inside is a plus, as well as the modern stand, which helps to display this piece upright and at the perfect height. With Caribe certificate. Estimate: $2,000-$3,000 1005. Large pottery bowl. 7" in diameter across the top and 2" tall, about 1 lb. A simple, flattish earthenware bowl that was probably bluish at one time but is now all white and gray and orange, fully intact, no encrustation. With Caribe certificate #1c4. Estimate: $250-$375

1006. Small pottery bowl. 5½” in diameter across the top and 2½” tall, about 1 lb. Nice little earthenware bowl with small base, blue-gray color, lots of chips and scuffs around the rims from sea-wear but otherwise intact and quite presentable. With Caribe certificate #1c11. Estimate: $225-$350

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1007. Glass tumbler cup. About 4" tall and 3¼” across the top, 175 grams. In modern parlance this would be considered a “lowball” or “old fashioned,” a plain glass cup that holds about 8 oz., mostly clear but with lots of little bubbles and hairline marks as made, completely intact and still useable, just a little pearlescent rainbow color here and there. With Caribe certificate #35-822. Estimate: $200-$325

1008. Group of three jet “higas”. Each about ½” and 0.2-0.3 gram. These small items, made from a hard, shiny, black coal product known as jet (as in the term “jet black”) were good luck symbols, each depicting a fist with thumb between index and middle finger, which, oddly enough, is more of an obscene gesture today. With Caribe certificate. Estimate: $100-$150 1009. Group of small artifacts: 1 mustard jar filled with silver coin fragments and some brass items; 4 buttons (2 brass, 2 bone) in display case; 1 piece of broken pottery bowl; and hundreds of olive pits. Total weight about 2 lb. This is a hodge-podge of items, some of which could stand alone (good wholesale opportunity here), especially the mustard jar (about 2½” tall and 3¼” in diameter, with chipped rim) and its contents (well over 100 fragments of coins and other small items), the buttons in their Riker displaycase also nice. The many olive pits were found inside and intended to be sold with the olive jars (still in 3" zip-bags for that purpose), but they must have had way more pits than jars! With one Caribe certificate for the whole lot. Estimate: $175-$250

Spanish 1733 Fleet, Florida Keys 1010. Gold “nugget” (melted jewelry item) with diamond inside. 45.7 grams, roughly 1¼” x 3/4" x 3/4". At first this piece looks like a somewhat pyramidal natural gold nugget, but upon closer inspection you can see that it consists of several melted “layers” of gold and even shelters a tiny diamond! What seems most likely is that some unfound contraband jewelry was melted into this form when the ship was burned to the water line by salvagers in 1733. But Art McKee, in whose museum this piece was prominently displayed, clearly thought it was just a nugget, as that is what he called it in his “accession record” (which accompanies this piece) and that is what his sign says next to this piece in his museum (as shown in color photos included with this lot). While we can only dream about what magnificent jewel this must have been originally, at least now it is still an impressive chunk of gold with a wealth of pedigree and documentation relating to one of the most revered treasure hunters of all time. With Karen McKee photo-certificate, McKee Collection accession record (with photos) and color photos of Art McKee and his museum. Estimate: $5,000-$7,500

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1011. Small pewter plate. 9" in diameter, about 1 lb. Whether by design or by damage, this plate is flat and unrimmed, just a bit wavy, with light film of white and tan encrustation against a solid gray background all over, intact except for a very small split in the middle. Estimate: $750-$1,000

1013. Encrusted iron mug with broken-off handle. About 5" tall and 3" in diameter, 2 lb. Though this looks just like a drinking tankard, it probably had some artillery function, as iron would not be used for anything else, and there is a triangular spike in the center interior. The outside is almost totally cocooned in white coral (very attractive) with small hole in bottom and handle on side broken off but could be glued back on nicely. Estimate: $150-$200

1012. Heavily encrusted iron hand grenade. About 5" in diameter and 3Â˝ lb. If you saw this on the ocean floor you would swear it was a roundish rock, but your metal detector would be zinging! It is, in fact, a large cannonball, totally cocooned in coral, with a very apparent hole in the side that reveals a hollow interior 1014. Small earthenware urn, nearly intact. About 3" into which gunpowder was poured and lit with a fuse tall and 2" in diameter, 44.9 grams. A dainty little piece, that its user hoped would last at least till the grenade somewhat heart-shaped with wide opening at top and was thrown (not always the case). Being an iron narrow (chipped) base and two small handles (one object, rusted inside, naturally its encrustation shows broken) on shoulders, rather crudely made and many hairline cracks, but it appears to be stable and whimsical, tan color with most of the glaze missing. can be coated with a clear lacquer to be sure. A great Estimate: $100-$150 display with an important pedigree. From the Capitana El RubĂ, with McKee certificate. Estimate: $350-$500 197

1015. Large, encrusted pewter spoon. Roughly 7½” x 2" x 1", 128 grams. A complete spoon with bent handle and completely encrusted bowl with a fingerlike piece of debris attached, lovely display. Estimate: $75-$100

1018. Lot of two hollow pewter knife handles. About 3½” x 3/4" each, 174 grams total. Most likely these once had steel blades inside them, as all that is left are the pewter handles, with rounded and slightly curved buttends, one a bit eroded and with small split in bottom but the other solid and intact with about three-quarters of it cocooned in green-and-white encrustation. Estimate: $60-$80

1016. Lot of two very large, encrusted pewter spoons with broken bowls. Roughly 11½” x 2" x 1½” each, 237 grams total. Two huge serving spoons with handles intact but bent and with both bowls showing curious circular voids from corrosion, lots of lovely white and pink encrustation. Estimate: $75-$100

1019. Lot of two large bronze spikes. 8½” and 6½” long, diameters ½” to 3/4", 509 grams total. Two straight, intact spikes (the nails that held the ship together), one cylindrical and the other square, both encrusted and beautifully patinated. Estimate: $40-$60

1017. Ornate wooden knife handle. About 4½” long and 1" in diameter, 60 grams. This cylindrical handle is in superb condition, the wood ornately decorated and still shiny and intact but with steel blade missing and encrusted at that end with whitish coral. Estimate: $75-$100 1020. Lot of four small bronze spikes. 3½” to 6½” long and up to ½” in diameter, 272 grams total. Same as above but smaller and all square in cross-section, one without head, one tan in color but the others a dark, patinated bronze with some encrustation. Estimate: $40-$60 1021. Lot of two brass buckles. About 2" x 1½” and 1½” x 1½”, 18.3 grams total. Two plain, thin, figure-eightshaped buckles, the larger one missing the hasp and hinge and brassy in color but the smaller one intact and dark and a little bit encrusted. Estimate: $40-$60 198

“Cape Haitien wreck,” sunk ca. 17501760 off Haiti

Nuestra Señora del Rosario, sunk in 1753 off Montevideo, Uruguay

1024. Encrusted clump of four Spanish colonial pewter spoons. Roughly 7½” x 1½” x 1", 157 grams. A very attractive, neat stack of spoons with white, orange and slightly greenish encrustation around and among them, very solid and presentable. Estimate: $175-$250

Dromadaire, sunk in 1762 off the Cape Verde Islands, west of Africa

1022. Ceramic faience plate, French (Rouen), ca. 1725-1750. About 9½” in diameter and 1-3/4" tall, 1½ lb. A beautiful, fully intact plate with somewhat scalloped rim, blue-and-pink floral design, small flaw near center (as made), the exterior stained orange from salvage, light encrustation around rim. With John DeBry photo-certificate from 2005. Estimate: $275-$400

1025. Brass navigational dividers. Roughly 3" x ½” x ¼”, 26.7 grams. These are always popular items, being the two-armed pointers used on charts by ships’ navigators. The design of this particular piece fits the arms into one another under a circular joint, with the sharp, removable iron tips missing (as usual). It is a bit corroded but very recognizable and even functional, as the arms still move. With Arqueonautas certificate #VIC004/01/16704. Estimate: $375-$550 1026. Lot of two brass rifle back-guards plus another small piece. Two larger pieces about 4½” x 4" x 2", the smaller piece 2" x 3/4" x 3/8", 220 grams total. While I

could not say what the small piece in this lot represents, the two larger L-shaped pieces are readily recognizable 1023. Ceramic faience teacup, French (Rouen), ca. as the butt-plates from 1725-1750. Roughly 3" tall and 3" in diameter, 4 oz. A stocked rifles, one with handled teacup, beautifully decorated in blue and two holes and the other brown (ferns?), sort of a match for the last lot, with a with just one but with few chips in the rim and cracking under the glaze but some kind of pin in the otherwise intact. With John DeBry photo-certificate from thin return end (which 2005. Estimate: $150-$250 has a nice tri-corn shape), all with only minor corrosion and nice brass color. With Arqueonautas certificate #VIC-004/98/1465. Estimate: $200-$300 199

1030. Glass bottle stopper. Roughly 1-3/4" x 1" x ½”, 20.7 grams. This artifact is easily

recognizable as the stopper for some apothecary or perfume bottle, intact and solid but with typical marks from salvage. With Arqueonautas certificate #VIC-004/98/2225. Estimate: $60$90 1027. Lot of two brass trigger guards. 4-3/4" to 6¼” in length, about 1½” x 1" in other dimensions, 99 grams total. These are the readily identifiable C-shaped guards that enclosed the triggers on guns, one a bit bigger and with no holes or ornamentation, the other with stripped hole in front and small hole in pin behind trigger area and with tri-corn design in back, both a little corroded but intact. With Arqueonautas certificate #VIC-004/98/1477. Estimate: $150-$225 1028. Copper ramrod pipe from pistol. About 2-3/4" long and ½” in diameter, 13 grams. Attached to most flintlock pistols of the time was a ramrod, stored underneath the barrel in a thin tube like this one. It appears to be intact, a flat piece bent into cylindrical shape with attenuated opening coming to a point at one end. With Arqueonautas certificate #VIC-004/98/2227.03. Estimate: $75-$100

1029. Brass rifle backplate. Roughly 5-3/4" x 1-5/8", 44 grams. This thin, spatula-like object was the butt-plate on a rifle, the return piece flattened out, with three holes (as made), lightly corroded but intact. With Arqueonautas certificate #VIC-004/98/2029. Estimate: $60$90

Dove, sunk in 1773 off St. Augustine, Florida

1031. Iron chisel, professionally conserved, marked with “A”, “heart” and “O”. About 5½” long with 2½”wide head, 1"-diameter shank, 530 grams. A very solid and heavy tool, obviously salvaged and conserved but intact and recognizable, even with hallmarks visible on shank (the same three marks on three different sides), believed by the finder to have been used to cut slaves’ chains, as the Dove was a slaver that sank in a storm on October 18, 1773. Estimate: $75-$110

Gunboat from Benedict Arnold’s Fleet sunk in 1776 on Lake Champlain (New York) 1032. Wooden rope-stay (cleat). About 16" long, 2½” tall and 1½” wide, 10 oz. American history buffs know that one of the first naval engagements in the Revolutionary War was off Valcour Island on Lake Champlain, where the American commander Benedict Arnold and his fleet of fifteen warships were soundly defeated by the British. The ships’ remains are still there, or at least they were in 1969 when diver Carroll Lonergan (whose testimonial on a 1969 postcard accompanies this item) recovered this easily recognizable (anvil-shaped with two bolt-holes) wooden part from the deck of one of the ships. The wood is perfectly intact, very grainy, lustrous from a coating of clear lacquer, very light in weight. With 1969 photo and testimonial from the salvager. Estimate: $375$525 200

Colebrooke, sunk in 1778 off South Africa 1033. Glass snuff bottle, with original contents and stopper. About 5½” tall and 2½” x 2" sides, about 1 lb. This appears to be a plain, dark, antique medicine bottle, rectangular in cross-section with flutes in corners, but what is neat is that it still contains the original tobacco inside, with glass cap still screwed on tight! You can even hear the dry contents moving around inside when you shake it. (Note: see lot #1069.) With South African certificate from 1998. Estimate: $150-$225

Unidentified French wreck sunk ca. 1780 off Hispaniola

1034. Dutch flintlock pistol with doghead brass butt cap, professionally conserved and restored with encrustation. About 13" x 6" x 2", 843 grams. One of the highlights of this auction, not because it is particularly rare or expensive but because it is quite eye-catching, with beautifully detailed brass doghead butt-cap and trigger-guard but rest of it restored from wooden (stock) and iron (flintlock) parts combined with some of the original encrustation. With Armstrong photo-certificate #DA32 that describes the conservation process used on this piece. Estimate: $1,500-$2,500

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Royal George, sunk in 1782 off Spithead, England

1035. Book about the wreck with original wood from the wreck as its covers. About 4-3/8" x 2-3/4" x ½”, 71 grams. This curious little item is a small book (109 pages, published in 1841, 3rd edition) bound in actual wood from the ship, which was salvaged in 1840. The spine is printed with RELIC OF THE ROYAL GEORGE and is in good condition considering its age. Rare. Estimate: $250-$375

1037. Lot of five small, cuprous buckles. Each around 1" square, 21 grams total weight. In an age without Velcro or zippers, buckles were the fastener of choice for everything from shoes to belts to straps of every kind. This assortment covers at least a couple of those functions, each buckle more or less intact and recognizable, patinated brown in color, scarce as from this particular wreck. Estimate: $100-$150

Scipion, sunk in 1782 in Samaná Bay, Dominican Republic

Hartwell, sunk in 1787 off the Cape Verde Islands, west of Africa

1036. Iron barshot, professionally conserved. 8" long, each end about 3½” in diameter, about 7 lb. In the glory days of sailing ships it made little sense to fire a cannonball at a sail, as it would make a cannonballsized hole and that was it. What did the trick was the barshot, basically a dumbbell object with two balls or half balls at the ends of a bar, which spun around and served to entangle and sever lines, thereby disabling the enemy. The bar of this specimen is square in cross section and the ends are half-balls, flat side out, all corroded but conserved to a glossy pewter color. With Caribe certificate. Estimate: $500-$750

1038. Gold-plated watch case and back of watch. Roughly 2" in diameter and ½” thick in all, 45.5 grams total. This is basically a gold pocket-watch but without the watch mechanism (whose steel parts must have rotted), just two (separate) halves of a gold-plated clamshell case plus the thin disk from the back of the watch itself and a thin connecting ring. The gold shines bright and new but of course has many dents from salvage. With Arqueonautas certificate #BOA-007/99/ 41087+41363. Estimate: $300-$475 202

1039. Group of three cuprous watch parts. About 2" in diameter and ½” total thickness, 37.1 grams. Not necessarily from the same pocket-watch as the above, this lot is the inner mechanical disks from the watch itself, two in solid brass and one a corroded (and thin) copper, curious pieces but obviously not still functional. With Arqueonautas certificate #BOA-007/99/ 41182. Estimate: $150-$225

1042. Set of twenty lead printing punches. Each about 1" long and ¼” square in cross section, 244.2 grams total. I was excited when the consignor told me about this lot, as I have never seen anything like it before from a shipwreck! Each punch is a tiny rectangular block of lead with a curlicue pattern at the end for setting ornamentation to print on stationery. They were left uncleaned and therefore are very dusty, with some minor encrustation, but appear to be fully intact. Clean them and make your own 18th-century stationery! With Arqueonautas certificate #BOA-007/99-A. Estimate: $300$475

1040. Group of watch parts, including three silver disks and some gold parts. Up to 2" in diameter each, 32.6 grams total. Again not necessarily from the same pocket-watch, these various parts are mangled disks (silver) and broken pieces of mostly smaller round parts (brass and gold), all professionally conserved but obviously not useable as watch parts ever again. With Arqueonautas certificate #BOA-007/99/ 40853+40894+41081.01+41230.

Estimate: $150-$225 1041. Gilt copper watch-key. About 1¼” x 3/4", 3.6 grams. One final watch part, this being the flat oval key used to wind the pocketwatch, corroded but mostly intact and with bits of the gilding still visible. With Arqueonautas certificate #BOA-007/99/41283. Estimate: $50-$75

1043. Three halves of bone knife handles. Each roughly 2" x 3/4", 14.1 grams total. These three thin, rectangular pieces of bone are all that is left of a couple of steel knives, the bone now a shiny tan to brown in color, with small holes where they were fastened to the knives themselves, some light encrustation on one. With Arqueonautas certificate #BOA007/99/41130. Estimate: $150-$225

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1044. Large lead seal. Roughly 1½” x 1", 9.4 grams. When the consignors showed me this and told me it was silver, I figured it had to be a coin, but upon inspection I saw it was actually a large lead seal, perhaps with enough traces of silver in it to register that way with their conservators (after cleaning, silver and lead are similar dark gray color, but lead is bendable, like this piece is, whereas silver breaks). The original design (now missing part of the edge and with one thick piece detached and accompanying this lot) was like an oval medallion, with one fully visible castle inside the bottom-right quadrant of a cross (other side blank except for a thin ridge down the middle, as usual). With Arqueonautas certificate #BOA-007/99/41058.01. Estimate: $75-$100

Lady Burgess, sunk in 1806 off the Cape Verde Islands, west of Africa

1047. Glass apothecary mortar and pestle. Mortar about 2¼” in diameter and 1½” tall, pestle about 2½” x 3/4", 241.8 grams total. This is a very cute artifact, a small but nearly intact (big chip in rim is all) mortar-and-pestle set used by an apothecary, the glass very thick and solid but lightly sea-worn, with small pouring-spout in rim. With Arqueonautas certificate #VAL-002/00/16108+16148. Estimate: $300-$475

1045. Brass trigger guard. Roughly 3½” x 1½” x 1", 49.3 grams. The typical C-shaped guard around the trigger of a flintlock rifle or pistol, this well-preserved artifact shows a small oval touchmark on the bottom and is perfectly intact (two fastener holes, as made), nicely patinated brass in color. With Arqueonautas certificate #BOA-007/99/4001.02. Estimate: $75-$100

1046. Lengthwise half of a brass rod. About 4½” x ½” x 1/8", 36.7 grams. Not sure what part of the gun this was, but it was part of a flintlock rifle or pistol originally, a straight rod of semi-circular cross section with several small fastener holes, the surface corroded but solid, slick brass color with patina. With Arqueonautas certificate #BOA-007/99/40300. Estimate: $50-$75

1048. Glass bottle stopper. About 2¼” long and 3/4" in diameter, 48.2 grams. A thick, bulbous plug for the top of a small bottle (probably medicinal), typically sea-worn but intact. With Arqueonautas certificate #VAL-002/99/20890. Estimate: $60-$90

1049. Glass bottle stopper. About 2¼” long and 3/4" in diameter, 47.9 grams. Identical to the above, just a little more opaque. With Arqueonautas certificate #VAL-002/99/ 20879.02. Estimate: $60-$90 204

1050. Group of two silver spoons. Length 8"-9", bowls 1½” to 1-3/4" wide, 96 grams total. An interesting contrast in metals, the one spoon very corroded (lots of holes) but the other one (probably just silver plate instead of solid silver) perfectly intact and with five or more clear hallmarks (K, RC, bust of George III [known as a “duty mark”], etc.) on the handle, its bowl a bit flattened but all there. With Arqueonautas certificate #VAL002/00/16271+16407. Estimate: $200-$300

1053. Brass trigger guard. Roughly 3¼” x 1½” x 5/8", 42.8 grams. As above, a bit more patinated and slightly deeper in shape. With Arqueonautas certificate #VAL-002/99/ 20877.03. Estimate: $75-$100

1054. Brass ramrod pipe. Length 3", about ½” in diameter, 18.4 grams. Used to secure the ramrod on a flintlock pistol or musket, a cylinder (a curled-over piece of thick, flat brass) with one end about threequarters open, intact and recognizable, just a little seaworn. With Arqueonautas certificate #VAL-002/00/16096. Estimate: $75-$100

Robert, sunk in 1821 off Vero Beach, Florida 1055. Tall, black-glass “cylinder” bottle. About 11½” tall and 3½” in diameter, 656 grams. A typical bottle for the period, tall and cylindrical and dark brown in color, flat base with a few letters, totally intact with a very light film of encrustation. Estimate: $40-$60

1051. Brass rifle backplate. Roughly 5" x 3" x 2", 158.9 grams. Fitted to the butt-end of a flintlock musket, this thick, solid piece of brass bears two large fastener holes and one holed insertion piece on the return, a little chipped and worn but mostly intact. With Arqueonautas certificate #VAL-002/00/15465.05. Estimate: $100-$150

1056. Tall, black-glass “cylinder” bottle. About 12" tall and 3¼” in diameter, 730 grams. As above but slightly

1052. Brass trigger guard. Roughly 3½” x 1" x 5/8", 33.3 grams. Like several other lots from different wrecks in this same sale, this is a C-shaped cover over the trigger of a flintlock pistol or rifle, simple and unadorned, with hole through front part, very dark brass color. With Arqueonautas certificate #VAL-002/00/16476. Estimate: $75-$100 205

taller, with deep pontil in bottom, darker in color (more black than brown), and a whole lot more encrusted (nearly half the surface is white), also totally intact. Estimate: $40-$60

1057. Tall, black-glass “cylinder” bottle. About 11" tall and 3" in diameter, 728 grams. Like last lot but darker still, the pontil not as deep and with a big letter A, intact but not as encrusted yet with one full barnacle on shoulder. Estimate: $40$60 1058. Iron padlock. Roughly 2½” in diameter and 1" thick, 194 grams. A thick and heavy piece (very recognizable as a padlock), shaped like Mickey Mouse’s head (the bolt part eroded away) with a keyhole for the mouth, very encrusted and sandy and patinated, possibly of a later vintage and lost in the same vicinity. Estimate: $25-$40

1060. Copper sheeting. Roughly 18" x 5" x 3", 2¼ lb. This is a mangled, crumpled section of the actual copper sheeting that protected the hull of the ship, with square holes from tacks and lots of shelly encrustation and patina, an interesting display. With Fisher certificate #17334. Estimate: $60-$90

1061. Copper spike with washer. About 9" long and 1" in diameter, 1½ lb. A very attractive complete spike with curved point and full washer (oddly missing in photo on certificate) at blunt head, nice copper color with some toning. With Fisher photo-certificate #17324B. Estimate: $40-$60

Spring of Whitby, sunk in 1824 off Wabasso, Florida

1059. Wood block (sheave). Roughly 7" x 3-3/4" x 3", 1½ lb. Wooden objects rarely survive shipwrecks (due to the voracious teredo worm) unless they are deeply buried, which must have been the case here, as it is almost fully intact and almost functional (being a round pulley with wheel inside an oval housing), the wood very dark and shiny from a protective coating, split in a few places but all there. With Fisher certificate #17563B. Estimate: $80-$120

1062. Small cuprous spike. About 1-3/4" long and up to 3/ 4" in diameter, 44.6 grams. A short, fat, stubby head end of a square-shank spike (says “broken” on certificate), brassy in color and well preserved (albeit crude). With Fisher certificate #17351A. Estimate: $25-$40

1063. Lot of 8 small cuprous nails. About 3/4" to 2" long, 23 grams total. Cute little sampling of small nails, mostly dark brass in color, a couple broken but most with heads intact. With Fisher photo-certificate #17354E. Estimate: $40-$60 206

Britannia, sunk in 1826 off South Africa

1064. Lot of 8 small copper nails. About 3/4" to 2" long, 28 grams total. As above. With Fisher photo-certificate #17356D. Estimate: $40-$60 1065. Lot of 8 small copper nails. About 3/4" to 2" long, 25 grams total. As above. With Fisher photo-certificate #17357B. Estimate: $40-$60

1067. Glass wine bottle with original cork and wine still inside. About 11" tall and 3½” in diameter, 2 lb. A tall, dark green glass bottle that is still about one-third full of its original wine contents, the shriveled cork at top still (mostly) doing its job, but the bottom of the bottle warped and lopsided and opalescent probably due to the acid in the wine leeching out, the bottle otherwise in great condition with just a thin film of encrustation all over, a fascinating artifact for wine collectors! With South African certificate from 1998. Estimate: $150-$250

Unidentified colonial-era (early 1800s?) wreck in the Virgin Islands

1068. Glass bottle full of olives (original contents). About 7½” tall and 2½” in diameter, 597 grams. A short, cylindrical, dark green glass bottle with hundreds of moldy olives in liquid inside, the original stopper in top reinforced with airtight wax, completely intact (surfaces crudely molded, as made) and quite fascinating (and rare) to contain original, early1800s foodstuffs! With South African certificate from 1998. Estimate: $125$225

1066. Encrusted iron bar. About 23" long and up to 2" in diameter, 6½ lb. This big, heavy, encrusted iron bar, slightly bent and with some big pieces of appended debris, was believed by the consignor to be a bar-shot (a bar with balls or half-balls at each end for shooting out of a cannon, per lot 1036 in this sale), but I see no evidence of that, as neither end bears a ball and the bar itself is way too long. In my opinion is it a hull-pin, a large iron fastener for holding together the hull of the ship, which itself is unidentified both in nationality and exact time period. What is definite, however, is that this is a great example of what stabilized, encrusted iron objects from wrecks look like: white and orange, with cracks, perfect for putting small items on it (like mounted coins) in a retail display. Estimate: $40-$60

1069. Glass snuff bottle, with original contents and stopper. About 5½” tall and 2½” x 2" sides, about 1 lb. Identical in all respects to lot

#1033, which is stated to be from an earlier wreck (Colebrooke, 1778) in the same area, so I suspect the origins may have gotten confused (most likely this current lot came from the Colebrooke as well, despite the consignor’s attribution). To reiterate from the previous lot, this is a plain, dark, antique medicine bottle, rectangular in cross-section with flutes in corners, with original tobacco inside, its glass cap still screwed on tight. Estimate: $80-$120

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Duoro, sunk in 1843 off the Scilly Isles, “Rombos wreck,” sunk in the early southwest of England 1800s off the Cape Verde Islands, west of Africa

1070. Group of six slave bracelets (manillas), one broken. Each about 3" in diameter and approx. 100 grams. Contrary to popular belief, these were not used as shackles for slaves (as the “bracelet” moniker might suggest), rather they were a form of money that tribal leaders in Africa accepted in trade for their prisoners from rival clans, who then became slaves for plantations in the West Indies and Americas. The conversion rate was variable and probably depended upon negotiation skill, but in any case it is sad to think that human lives were ever bartered for these cuprous C-shaped torques with flared, round ends. Shipwreck specimens like these are typically dark but patinated, and often come broken, a sign of early 19th-century corner-cutting, as the specified brass or bronze composition was often adulterated with too much tin and zinc, making them brittle. Estimate: $100-$150

1072. Large brass spatula with fish motif. About 12" long, 2-3/4" wide, 112 grams. A large serving spatula with plain handle (with four hallmarks on bottom) but elegantly engraved main part with open stars and rectangles outlining the shape of a fish, so I surmise this was used to serve fish. A few splits and other minor damage, otherwise intact. With Arqueonautas certificate #BRV-006/01/16540. Estimate: $200-$300 1073. Brass tongs. Roughly 5½” x 1" x ½”, 31 grams. Very recognizable item (looks like two small teaspoons joined at the handle ends), probably used for serving ice cubes, with five hallmarks on handle, a little bent but perfectly intact, nice brassy color. With Arqueonautas certificate #BRV006/01/16538.14.

Estimate: $175-$250 1074. Group of three large pewter spoons. Each about 8" long and 2" wide, 195 grams total. Matched set of three

1071. Group of three broken manillas (slave bracelets) along with three small brass buckles from an unspecified wreck. Total weight about 7½ oz. This lot contains three broken manillas like the one in the lot above (from the same wreck) as well as three small and very ornate buckles that would be great artifacts if the information about their provenance had not been lost. Estimate: $50-$75

spoons, all intact but bent or cracked or flattened, each with a large hallmark on the handle that shows W(?)crown-R above the word PATENT (should be able to match that with a known maker), all very silvery in color (minor corrosion only). With Arqueonautas certificate #BRV-006/01/16731.26. Estimate: $175-$250 208

1075. Pewter spoon. About 8" long, estimated width of bowl 1½”, 38 grams. Same as above (same hallmark, and bolder and fuller than any of the above) but with about one-third of bowl eaten away. With Arqueonautas certificate #BRV-006/01/16731.27. Estimate: $100-$150

1076. Brass spoon. About 6" long and 1¼”-wide bowl, 17 grams. A cute little spoon, fully intact except for a notch or two here and there (nice clean brass color), with four small hallmarks on handle. With Arqueonautas certificate #BRV-006/01/16621.07. Estimate: $75-$100

1077. Brass spoon. About 6" long and 1¼”-wide bowl, 17 grams. Same as above (and same hallmarks) but with larger split in bowl and a bit bent. With Arqueonautas certificate #BRV-006/01/166621.13. Estimate: $75-$100

1078. Group of three brass spoons. About 7" long and 1½”-wide bowl (each), 82 grams total. Very much like the above but a little longer and with slightly different hallmarks, better bowls (no splits), some dents. With Arqueonautas certificate #BRV-006/01/16566.02. Estimate: $150-$225

1079. Group of three cuprous forks. About 5½”-7" long, up to 1" wide, 76 grams total. Each fork in this lot is slightly different, the biggest one with all but one tine broken off and five hallmarks on handle, the middle one also with five hallmarks and about half of each tine present, and the smallest one with more decorative handle with no hallmarks and most of all four tines present, that one also silvery in color and more corroded, the others coppery or brassy. With Arqueonautas certificate #BRV-006/01/ 16508+16565.21+16565.24. Estimate:

$75-$100

“Cognac wreck,” sunk ca. 1830-1850 off the Cape Verde Islands, west of Africa

1080. Group of four musket flints. Each about 1¼” x 1" x ½”, 42 grams total. True to its name, the “flintlock” pistol or musket operated by striking a stone flint to make a spark and light the powder, hence the inexpensive flint was nevertheless a critical part of the operation! Whether these four perfectly intact stones, cut to a wedge shape that worked best, were backup supplies or from actual guns, we will never know; but they should still be quite functional for anyone with an original flintlock gun. With Arqueonautas certificate #AGO039/00/16507.01. Estimate: $100-$150 209

Santo Andre, sunk in 1856 off the Cape Verde Islands, west of Africa

S.S. Republic, sunk in 1865 in deep water off Savannah, Georgia

1081. Group of seven cuprous forks. Each about 5½” long and 3/4" wide, 111 grams. This is a dainty set, with condition ranging from corroded with all tines broken off to almost perfectly intact, each one with five tiny hallmarks on handle, all dark or silvery in color but cuprous in composition. With Arqueonautas certificate #BOA-006/98/40950. Estimate: $150-$225

1082. Two sides of a wooden knife handle. Each about 3-3/4" long, 1" wide and ¼” thick, 30.8 grams total. Two rectangular slabs of hemispherical cross-section, each with two tiny fastener holes, perfectly preserved (amazing to have escaped the teredo worms) and solid, dark brown color. With Arqueonautas certificate #BOA-006/ 96/192. Estimate: $150-$225

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1083. Glass spirits bottle. About 10" tall and 2-3/4" to a side, 1½ lb (just the bottle). This promotional package features a simple, unassuming (yet attractive and perfectly intact except for small bubbles and cracks as made) light-green glass bottle (like a “case gin” bottle but with no taper, tall and square-sided, with slight shoulder and short neck) housed in a custom-fit foamfilled cardboard box with wooden stand (with brass plaque that says “SS REPUBLIC / 1853-1865”), certificate, DVD, two autographed books (Bottles of the Deep, by Ellen C. Gerth [2006] and Lost Gold of the Republic, by Priit J. Vesilind [2005]) and a National Geographic magazine (September, 2004), all related to the wreck and salvage of this ship. The salvagers (Odyssey) offer these sets publicly for $1,250 retail. Estimate: $500-$700

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Not from shipwrecks (or at least unspecified)

1084. Copper-alloy tajadera (“hoe money”), Oaxaca (Zapotec), Southern Mexico, 1200s-1300s until Spanish conquest (ca. 1520). 56.2 grams, roughly 5½” x 3". When the Spanish conquistadors came to Mexico, they found that trade there was being conducted using long, thin, flat, axe-shaped scrapers in a copper-arsenic alloy that they came to call “tajaderas,” which also acquired the 20th-century nickname “hoe money”. Different regions had their own style, and this particular example (sturdy, heavy, and short-handled) is attributed to the Zapotec people of Oaxaca. When the Spaniards took over, starting in the 1520s, these tajaderas were discontinued. As more becomes known about them through the study of the silver “tumbaga” bars of the 1520s, surely these primitive monetary instruments will also become more desirable and valuable. This specimen is sandy from burial but is not bent or broken or terribly corroded. Estimate: $150-$200 1085. Copper-alloy tajadera (“hoe money”), Guerrero-Michoacan (Tarascan), Western Mexico, 1200s1300s until Spanish conquest (ca. 1520). 16.7 grams, roughly 7½” x 2½”. Same basic concept as last lot but longer, thinner (wavy) and with less flare to the “axe” end, and also a more common type attributed to the Tarascan culture in the area of Guerrero-Michoacan. Also perfectly intact and just lightly patinated from burial. It should be noted that the arsenic in the alloy is what preserved these fascinating artifacts, as otherwise the copper would corrode and decompose. Estimate: $75-$100

1086. Large iron “armada” chest. 29" x 16" x 15", at least 100 lb. In my first auction last year I featured an “armada chest” like this one (but larger and in far nicer condition) and explained that these really had no connection with the Spanish Armada of 1588 but were connected with them in Victorian times due to the fact that they were made in the 1500s and held treasure. A more proper name is “Nuremburg chest,” for they were generally made in Germany, and the notion of filling them with gold coins and hefting them onto ships must be summarily dispelled. I like to think of them as the Diebold safe of their time, as they were designed to stay in one place, full of treasure, in guarded rooms in castles and manors. This specimen has its original key and is fully operational, despite the fact that the interior cover panel over the lock mechanism is missing, and it also has two padlocks (faithful reproductions) with keys for the loops on the exterior straps. A C-shaped handle graces each end. The inside of the chest is a rusty red (with the usual inner box for the most valuable treasures, its key unfortunately missing) and the outside is all black, which is typical for most of these scarce relics of the Age of Exploration. Estimate: $3,500-$4,750 211

1087. Ornate silver spoon, Inca or early Spanish, ca. 1600. About 7" long, bowl 1½” wide, 42 grams. Probably made from the same silver that the coins were, this native-design spoon has a straight, cylindrical handle with some design and a shallow, pear-shaped bowl with small round “wings” that cover part of the handle, no markings, some silvery but mostly darkly toned. Found in Peru. Estimate: $600-$800

1090. Bronze dagger quillon, probably English, 1400s-1600s. About 2½” long, 14.0 grams. Same item as above but smaller and of a cylindrical straight-arm design, also a bit lighter in color but still patinated. Found near London. Estimate: $50-$75

1088. Silver cloak pin (“topo”) with chain, Inca or early Spanish, ca. 1600. About 14½” long in total, 31 grams. This is a long (about 5½”) fastening pin of a native type known as a “topo,” with one end finialtipped and somewhat engraved, to which is attached a wire-link chain, the point end still sharp, all silvery in color with light toning. Found in Peru. Estimate: $600$800

1089. Bronze dagger quillon, probably English, 1400s-1600s. About 3" long, 25.6 grams. This is the “crossbar” of a small edged-weapon, basically the part between the blade itself and the grip, to keep the hand from slipping onto the blade and to guide the user as to the blade’s orientation. Typically blades were steel (which rusts away), and the handles were something perishable like wood or bone or something valuable like silver or ivory, so it is not unusual to see just the quillon remaining. For what it is, the condition of this item is perfect, in a very slight S-shape with flat, tapered ends and rectangular hole in center for the blade, dark but uncorroded. Found near London. Estimate: $50-$75

1091. Spanish steel breastplate (armor), ca. 1650. About 15" x 12" x 8". We already know from rings and other wearables that 17th-century Spaniards were much smaller people than we are used to now, and this small piece of armor seals it, as it would not fit an adult today! The exterior is a nicely polished steel but the inside is rusty, with detail around the edge, the underarm sections separate pieces riveted into place, overall in fine condition and quite scarce. Estimate: $2,000-$3,500

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1092. Spanish steel cuphilt rapier, colonial, ca. 1650. Approx. 45" long, 8" across cross-guard and cup. This is the real deal—a Spanish cuphilt rapier that every self-respecting hidalgo wore at his belt and used to defend his honor, although this perfectly intact specimen seems hardly used, with sharp point and intact wire-wrapped grip, just a bit rusty all over, with simply decorated cup and matching pommel and cross-guard ends. Estimate: $1,500-$3,000

1093. Spanish steel cuphilt rapier, colonial, ca. 1650. Approx. 42" long, 8½” across cross-guard and cup. Same as last lot but with much cleaner steel and sharper blade (just a few spots of rust), simpler handle and cup, and (most importantly) the cup actually a period replacement, distinguishable from a modern repair in that the alterations (plugged holes, etc.) are obvious, basically a field technique to make the weapon usable again. Estimate: $1,000-$2,000

1094. Spanish steel cabasset (helmet), ca. 1650. About 11" x 7½” x 7½”. Completing the ensemble with the last three lots is this Spanish helmet (known as a cabasset), hand-forged (lots of hammer marks inside) and of classic form with ridged medial and “pear stalk” terminal, missing the internal liner band and rivets but otherwise intact, attractive gray color (no rust), a very fine example of a scarce item. Estimate: $800-$1,200

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1098. Small bronze signal cannon, Spanish, 1600s. About 3" tall and 2¼” in diameter, 2 lb. Small, upright mortars with flat bottoms like this one were used for several different purposes, including powder-testing and signaling, but what is clear is that they could not have been used as weapons. This specimen could not have held more than a musket-ball (if that), as the bore is only 1", but the walls are quite thick and sturdy, typically dented and patinated, with well-used touchhole in the side. Found in Bolivia. Estimate: $200-$250

1095. Dutch East India Company (VOC) apothecary bottle (Arita/Ko-Imari/Gallipot), 17th century. 7" tall and 4" in diameter at its widest, about 1½ lb. This is basically a bulbous vase with narrow neck, elegantly decorated with a wreath around the VOC monogram for the Dutch East India Company, otherwise solid gray in color, very heavy and sturdy, completely intact and beautiful, also rare. Estimate: $600-$900

1096. Silver cloak pin with socket for stone, Spanish, ca. 1600-1650. About 6" long, 9 grams. A long, straight fastener with sharp point and empty socket at other end, twisted near the socket end, toned silver in color and intact except for whatever was originally in the socket. Found in Peru. Estimate: $350-$500

1097. Silver fork, Spanish, 1600s. About 6" long and 3/ 4" wide across the tines, 38 grams. A very thick and solid fork but with one of its three tines broken, the handle ending in a flat, pear-shaped terminal, silver color with toning here and there (probably made from the same silver as the cobs!). Found in Peru. Estimate: $250$400

1099. Small bronze signal cannon, Spanish, 1600s. About 3" tall and 2¼” in diameter, 2 lb. As above but a bit cruder in execution, less patinated, and with touchhole clogged with debris. Found in Bolivia. Estimate: $200-$250

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1103. Three silver pins, Spanish, 1600s. Each about 2" long and 1.5 grams. Just like modern sewing pins with spherical heads and sharp points, only much larger and obviously old silver (so probably decorative). Found in Peru. Estimate: $125$200

1100. Pair of iron stirrups, Spanish, 1600s. Each about 7½” x 7" x 5", a little over 3 lb total. Each piece a flat plate connected to a loop at top for fastening onto horse-riding tackle, a simple open design for everyday use (not ornamental), with eleven holes for ventilation in bottom, perfectly intact but rusty and sandy as found. From the Camino Real trail in Panama. Estimate: $175-$250 1101. Large, oval, cuprous religious medallion, 1600s. Approx. 2" x 1-3/8", 24.4 grams. A large and very worn medal that shows a saint looking upward on one side and a standing figure on the other side, very brassy in color, with intact loop at top (still wearable). Found in Peru. Estimate: $125-$200

1102. Large, oval, cuprous religious medallion, 1600s. About 2¼” x 1½”, 24.9 grams. Another large and worn medal, this with a crown above two hearts (just like the coins) on one side and three figures kneeling before a standing figure on the other side, brass color with verdigris, intact loop at top. Found in Peru. Estimate: $125-$200

1104. Three small cuprous Christ figures (from crucifixes), 1600s. Each about 2" x 1½” and 5 grams. All three a bit worn but very recognizable, brass color with verdigris, intact. Found in Peru. Estimate: $100$150

1105. Small, round, cuprous religious medallion, 1600s. About 1-5/16" in diameter with ¼” loop at top, 16.1 grams. Worn but readable, with PASSIO CHRISTI CONFORTA ME around a crucifixion scene on one side and S BARBE RA around several figures on the other side, brassy in color and intact (wearable) Found in Peru. Estimate: $75-$125

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1106. Small, oval, cuprous religious medallion, 1600s. About 1½” x 1", 6.8 grams. Worn but mostly readable, with LOS EP•OR•P•N around two figures on one side and a kneeling figure on the other side, brassy with verdigris, intact and wearable (loop at top). Found in Peru. Estimate: $75-$125

1107. Two small bronze rings, Spanish, 1600s. Each about 3/4" in diameter on inside (less than 1" outside), 6.1 and 1.5 grams. One with flat crest on top that shows a sixpointed star pattern, the other a thin band with very little pattern, both dark and somewhat encrusted. Found in Spain. Estimate: $75-$150

1108. Brass stirrup, Spanish, late 1600s. Roughly 10" x 6" x 4", 2½ lb. Basically a big, brass shoe with open back and small bar at top for fastening onto the horseriding tackle, with narrow, flat toe and engraved ornamentation at top (probably for ceremonial and not everyday use), nice brass color (no patina) perfect condition but missing its twin for the other foot. Estimate: $60-$90

1109. Sixteen-piece lot of small artifacts from Port Royal (1694). About 1 lb total. This lot consists of the following: one set of navigational dividers, encrusted bronze(?), typical design with one arm inside the other under a round joint; one brass thimble, quite large and intact; six cuprous and pewter buckles of different sizes and designs; most of an iron fork; two cuprous nails, one with two heads; one bronze spike with no head, encrusted with tiny shell bits and green stuff; two lead split-shot (half-musketballs), one significantly encrusted with shells; and two whole musketballs. Frankly, several of these are artifacts would stand alone very well with their popular provenance (salvaged by Robert Marx from the famous pirate city in Jamaica that sank into the sea in 1694), but Sir Robert only provided one (blank) certificate for the lot! With hand-signed Robert Marx certificate. Estimate: $350-$500 1110. Gold-plated buckle, English, ca. 1720. 1.9 grams, roughly 7/ 8" x 5/8". Very intricate and elegant rectangular buckle, possibly from a shoe or for some other decorative purpose (because it is too small and fancy to have been useful), the front all gold but the back is black (oxidized silver), perfectly intact. Found near London. Estimate: $100-$150

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1111. Silver cufflink, English, ca. 1740. 2.5 grams, about 1" long overall, each link about ½” in diameter. Cute little pair of thin, round buttons linked with an oval wire, all in high-grade silver, with rose design and scalloped edge on tops, perfectly intact and uncorroded but with slight patination. Found near London. Estimate: $50-$75

1112. Original teak combing (curved lintel for doorway or passageway) from an 18th-century Dutch East Indiaman. Roughly 45" x 14" x 6", about 18½ lb. What a wonderful artifact this is! Picture this: Over every doorway and passageway on a ship there was a lintel, sometimes a simple wooden plank but other times a decorative arch, as is the case here. It appears to be carved all from one piece of wood, with at least 3" of relief in the front, which is coated with several layers of stain and paint from its many years of service on a huge East Indiaman that was eventually stranded and later found and stripped of its recoverable parts. While it is doubtful anyone would need this for their own modern-day galleon, it certainly would make an interesting mantel for a fireplace! (Also see lot #1135.) Estimate: $2,500-$3,000 1113. Octant, probably English, early to mid-1700s. Roughly 15" x 13" x 4½”, 2½ lb. Much like the earlier astrolabe (see lot #937), the octant was a navigational device used to measure astronomical angles and was, therefore, most useful to sailors who needed to know latitudes. After the astrolabe came the quadrant, which by definition measured a quarter circle, but that device was cumbersome and came to be replaced with the octant (or reflecting quadrant), which utilized mirrors to get quarter-circle measurement from a device that was, in effect, only one-eighth of a circle. Technical specifications aside, this piece consists of an ebony frame with ivory inlay for gradations and with brass index arm and pinhole sight and mounts for the three mirrors (one of which is missing, as is also the sighting telescope that was used in conjunction with the octant but was typically a separate item). On the backside are three legs, as this octant was designed to be used horizontally, not vertically as in later years. Everything seems to be intact (except for some empty holes for bolts that may have been stabilizers) and in working order, but our interest of course is in its value and historical importance as a navigational antique. Estimate: $1,500-$2,500 217

1114. Silver crucifix, Spanish, ca. 1750. About 4" x 2½”, 44.8 grams. A large, flat cross, elegantly engraved, with separately cast Christ figure fastened onto the cross with three brass pins, darkly toned (low grade?) silver, probably the property of clergy as too big and intricate to be plebian. Found in Peru. Estimate: $500-$700

1115. Silver filigree crucifix and onyx beads from a rosary, Spanish, ca. 1750s-1770s. Roughly 7½” x 2½” x 3/8", 13.9 grams. A highly intricate piece made of cagework silver from filigree spun thin as a spider’s silk, the actual crucifix (with small, solid Christ figure) suspended from a roundish fob above four onyx polyhedrons (17 sides), stunning detail all over. From Cochabamba, Bolivia. Estimate: $300-$500

Any questions? Please email Dan at info@sedwickcoins.com or call (407) 975-3325.

1116. Long copper hull-pin (keel bolt) with washer, mid-1700s?. About 25½” long and 1" in diameter, 5 lb. Long bars like this one were used to hold together wooden sailing ships, and the divers tell me this specific one was a bolt for the keel of an unspecified shipwreck, but in any case it has to be no later than 1700s (for after that, iron was used instead of copper). It is complete, intact, and a lovely bronze color with lots of patina. Estimate: $50-$75

1117. Gold-plated silver personal seal (stagecoach), English, late 1700s. 15.8 grams, roughly 1½” x 1 x 3/4". Very cute piece consisting of a two-sided semicircular grip topped with a loop (for wearing on a necklace) atop a ruby-red glass(?) rectangle that shows the incuse engraved design of a stagecoach and horses (basically an 18th-century logo), as undoubtedly this was used to show that something had been shipped or sent that way. Perfectly intact and intricately designed. Estimate: $800-$1,200

1118. Large silver fork, Spanish colonial, ca. 1770s1780s. About 8" long and 1" across the tines, 72 grams. A large and heavy fork, plain in design but with two hallmarks on the handle (a crown, and a caballero over volcanoes), also hand-engraved there with large, open letters JN (know anyone with those initials?), basically an old, Spanish-era antique in perfect condition that was probably made from the same silver as the coins. From Old Guatemala City. Estimate: $275-$375 218

1119. Green glass “case gin” bottle, 1700s-1837. About 8½” tall and 2-3/4" to a side, a little over 1 lb. A tall, square lightgreen bottle with rounded shoulders and small, short neck (a common design, mostly used for gin), with J.W.PETERS in large letters on one side, perfectly intact but with a very light film of encrustation as probably from the wreck of an 18th-century ship plying the slave trade in Nigeria. Found near the mouth of the Escravos River, Nigeria. Estimate: $80-$120

1123. Leather “sailor’s palm,” circa 1800. Roughly 5" x 2", 49 grams. An important duty on board any sailing vessel was repairing the sails, which required huge needles that would make mincemeat out of an unprotected hand, so devices like this artifact were employed to protect the palm with a hard iron “stone” (with honeycomb pattern to “catch” the end of the needle) inside a leather grip that fit around the thumb. This example is well used but completely intact and recognizable. Estimate: $50-$80

1120. Green glass “case gin” bottle, 1700s-1837. About 8½” tall and 2-3/4" to a side, a little over 1 lb. Same as last but with a little bit more encrustation (inside and out) and a slight opalescence from being in the water. Found near the mouth of the Escravos River, Nigeria. Estimate: $80-$120 1121. Green glass “case gin” bottle, 1700s-1837. About 8½” tall and 2-3/4" to a side, a little over 1 lb. Like the last two lots but without any lettering on the side (just a pattern of vertical lines instead), very little encrustation, some small bubbles in the glass, more vivid green color. Found near the mouth of the Escravos River, Nigeria. Estimate: $80-$120 1122. Green glass “case gin” bottle, 1700s-1837. About 8½” tall and 2-3/4" to a side, a little over 1 lb. Same design as last lot but a bit more encrustation and some opalescence. Found near the mouth of the Escravos River, Nigeria. Estimate: $80-$120

1124. Small pewter plate, European, with hallmarks and 1804 date. About 9" in diameter and 1" tall, 1 lb. Typical plate for its period with raised 1" rim in which are stamped three very clear hallmarks (one with a coat-of-arms and the other two with H.L. above 1793), also hand-engraved in the bottom with “No. 2” and “1804” (probably made in 1793 but marked by its owner in 1804), fully intact, just with a few minor flaws as made. Estimate: $350-$475

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1125. Early-1800s bronze bell made to commemorate the Mexican Revolution of 1810. About 12" in diameter and 11" tall, 23 lb. Marked with “MEJICO” and “1810” and with ornate design (including a portrait of the saintly Virgen de Guadalupe in relief), this bell is of the traditional colonial design, same as was used on the galleons, with distinctive x-shaped hanger at top and widely flared shape. This specimen is well patinated and splashed with white paint here and there but is perfectly intact and rings as stridently as the day it was cast. The hemispherical clapper, attached with iron links, looks original too, but the exact age of the whole piece is unknown. With Sinclair photo-certificate. Estimate: $800-$1,000

1126. Small (8") pewter plate, probably English, ca. 1820. About 8½” in diameter and 1" tall, about 1 lb. A beautiful antique, perfectly intact and unblemished, with two “FB” hallmarks flanking another, unidentified mark in the center of the bottom, 1" raised rim. Estimate: $100-$200

1127. Lignum vitae deadeye, early 1800s. About 5½” in diameter and 2½” thick, 2 lb. One of the more recognizable parts of a sailing ship’s rigging is the deadeye, the wooden disk that held ropes in a pulley system, with wide grooved perimeter and three holes in the center (like the mouth and eyes of a deadman), this specimen clean and perfectly intact so probably from a never-sunk vessel. Estimate: $125-$200 1128. Lignum vitae deadeye, early 1800s. About 5½” in diameter and 3" thick, 2½ lb. As above but a little more rounded and with white and black residue from paint or stain, also probably not salvaged. Estimate: $125$200 220

1129. Leather shot bag, English, 1800s. About 10" x 3½” x 1", 151 grams. This curious item consists of a flat, pear-shaped black-leather sack with an iron spout with lever mechanism, used to dispense small lead shot into a rifle. The spout is a bit rusty and there is a surface tear in the leather, but otherwise this piece appears to be in good condition and functional. Estimate: $80$120

1130. Lot of two short bottles, Dutch, 1800s. Each about 8¼”-8-3/4" tall and 3"-3½” in diameter, 2½ lb total. These two “black glass” (actually a very dark green) beer bottles are obviously salvaged (with varying degrees of tan encrustation on their surfaces), but from an unspecified locale, the shorter bottle in better condition and of a typical “porter” shape, and the taller one with less-pronounced shoulder and a little more sea-worn, both perfectly intact and a nice display. Estimate: $60-$90

1131. Brass spigot, Dutch East India Co., late 1800s. Roughly 6½” x 3½” x 3/4", 333 grams. A large tap for a keg, with 3" long tapered end opposite a curved spout topped with a T-shaped handle on which is stamped the partial name FIDDL[?] in a box, in excellent condition, lovely muted-brass color with attractive patina. Found in South Africa. Estimate: $60$90

1132. Gimbaled ship’s compass in wooden box, early 1900s. Approx. 4-3/4" x 4-3/4" x 3½”, 2 lb. Every skipper in the early 1900s had one of these massproduced compasses on board his sailboat: A waterfilled compass inside a heavy, cast iron gimbal mounted inside a sturdy wooden cube with removable lid. The maker’s sticker (“WILCOX, CRITTENDEN & CO., Inc., Middletown, Conn., U.S.A.”) on the inside of the lid is still fully intact, as is the whole compass and box with the exception of a crack across the top of the lid caused by one of the original tacks, the wood a beautiful reddish color with dovetailed corners, two small latches. Estimate: $75-$110

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1133. Gimbaled brass kerosene lamp from the Queen Mary (1936). Roughly 12" x 8" x 5" (without glass) and 6Â˝ lb. Anyone who has been to Long Beach, California (where a major coin show takes places three times per year) is familiar with the Queen Mary, built in 1936 and once the pride of the Cunard/White Star Line but later pressed into service during World War II, after which she cruised the seas again and then was purchased in 1967 and brought to Long Beach, where she became a hotel in 1972. During her wartime service the Queen Mary was stripped of her metal furnishings to make ammunition, which makes this rescued brass item quite rare. It consists of three parts: The lamp itself with copper tank for the kerosene and slit for the wick and four grips for the glass; ornate gimbaled mounting arm, which was attached to the ship; and the tall glass cover, which may or may not be original (correct design and vintage anyway), all in perfect condition save for some very minor patination around the top of the lamp section. A wonderful piece of history that at one time was of interest to the hotel in Long Beach (who asked that it be donated). Estimate: $550-$750

1134. Replica brass cannon with wooden carriage (2005). Roughly 32" x 13" x 11", over 100 lb. This shiny brass cannon, a fully operational (2" bore), faithful reproduction in shining brass, was cast in England in 2005 to commemorate the centennial of the Battle of Trafalgar. It comes with a solid wooden, four-wheeled carriage (also a faithful reproduction), so you can easily wheel it to a prominent spot in your study for impressive display. A brass latch on either side of the cannon on the carriage opens to allow the cannon to be removed, and there is also a loose, small wooden scoop in addition to the usual trappings of a shipboard cannon. The touchhole looks unused, and I am not about to test it, but in theory you should be able to fire off a ball or two with this piece on July 4! (U.S. citizens only, which is appropriate since shipping anywhere else would be prohibitive.) Estimate: $2,000-$3,000 222

MEDIA Documents

1135. Framed diagram of a Dutch East Indiaman, dated October 1, 1816, made in London, England. 33½” x 14¼”, 4 lb. A perfect go-with for lot #1112 (an original doorway from a Dutch East Indiaman), this document is a large schematic of the construction of a ship, titled (at top) “NAVAL ARCHITECTURE / An EAST INDIAMAN”, with “PLATE XII” in the upper-right corner, “Glover del.” in the bottom-left corner, “Milton sculp.” in the bottom-right corner, and “Published as the Act directs, Oct. 1, 1816, by Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orne & Brown, Paternoster Row.” (famous London printers of atlases) along the middle of the bottom. It is attractively framed for hanging in a dark wood frame with glass, ready for that wall in your den or office! Estimate: $500-$700 1136. Ship’s bill of lading dated August 4, 1875. 11" x 5-3/ 4". I have heard of these, and customers have asked me for them over the years, but I have never seen one till now, probably because most were either discarded (like a simple receipt) or stored in a file archive somewhere for no one’s enjoyment. It is mostly printed, in italic lettering, with a dozen or so lines filled in by hand in black ink, also with red ink in the margin to the left. At top left is a vignette of a three-masted sailing ship above the name of the stationers. The text itself gives the name of the ship as the Prima Donna, bound for San Francisco from New York in 1875 with cargo items that included mattocks and picks that no doubt were for gold miners (hence this item should be of interest to California Gold Rush junkies). Good condition except for torn piece on right side, now safely ensconced in a glass Riker box. Estimate: $60-$90

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1140. Daley, Robert. Treasure. 1977. 1st ed., HC, DJ, 341 pp, like new. The story of Mel Fisher’s successful search for the Atocha, with details of some of the early salvage efforts and catastrophes. Signed “To Glenn and Ed

Books

Metz / Best Regards / Bleth McHaley” and “Good luck Glen & Ed / Mel Fisher”. Estimate: $50-$75

1141. Deagan, Kathleen. Artifacts of the Spanish Colonies of Florida and the Caribbean, 1500-1800, Volume 1: Ceramics, Glassware, and Beads. 1987. 1st ed., SC, 222 pp, like new. An invaluable resource for researchers and collectors of pottery from Spanish colonial wrecks. Estimate: $25-$35

1137. Anson, George. A Voyage Round the World In the Years MDCCXL, I, II, III, IV. 1749. 6th ed., HC, 548 pp. Over the years I have sold dozens of 1745-6 English coins with LIMA below the bust of George II (see lot 736), popular with collectors for their connection to Commodore Anson’s plundering Pacific voyage against the Spanish, and I have even sold several of the excellent pamphlets from 1954 about the coins and the history by R.I. Nesmith (see lot 1149), but never—NEVER—have I seen for sale a copy of Anson’s original book about his exploits, as we have here. It is fully leather-bound, with several large, foldout charts (each of which by themselves could fetch hundreds of dollars), in excellent condition considering its age (pages hardly look like they have ever been read), the front cover a bit loose, light inkstamps on title page and ex-libris pocket inside cover. A very rare and virtually irreplaceable antique. Estimate: $350-$500 1138. Ball, Dorian. The Diana Adventure. 1995. 1st ed., HC, DJ, 175 pp, like new. Lavishly illustrated “coffee table” book about the Diana, sunk in 1817 off Malacca, Indonesia, with a cargo of blue-on-white Chinese porcelain. Estimate: $35-$50 1139. Burgess, Robert. They Found Treasure. 1977. 1st ed., HC, DJ, 243 pp, Fine. The story of nine famous treasure hunters (including Art McKee, Kip Wagner, Robert Marx and Mel Fisher), and autographed by the most famous of them, Fisher! Signed “This year will be our best year Dave / Mel” [Fisher]. Estimate: $50-$75

1142. Grissim, John. The Lost Treasure of the Concepción. 1980. 1st ed., HC, DJ, 207 pp, like new. A popular book about the salvage of the Concepción in 1687 by William Phips, followed by Burt Webber’s own search for and salvage of the same wreck in the late 1970s. Estimate: $15-$25 1143. Hatcher, Michael. The Nanking Cargo. 1987. 1st ed., HC, DJ, 176 pp, nearly new. All about Michael Hatcher’s 1985 search for and salvage of the Geldermalsen, sunk off Singapore in 1752 with a load of Chinese blue-on-white porcelains. Estimate: $50$75 1144. Marx, Robert. Spanish Treasure in Florida Waters—A Billion Dollar Graveyard. 1979. 1st ed., HC (no DJ), 146 pp, like new. A listing of brief details (basically a spinoff from his earlier Shipwrecks of the Western Hemisphere) of Spanish wrecks off Florida from the early 1500s to the early 1800s. Signed “Treasure and Pleasure, Bob Marx”. Estimate: $75-$100 1145. Marx, Robert. Shipwrecks in Mexican Waters. 1981. 1st ed., SC, 76 pp, like new. Like his other earlier books, this is a compilation of brief details on wrecks in a certain area (in this case Mexico), this one done in cooperation with Pablo Bush Romero and CEDAM, Mexico’s premier diving club. Scarce. Estimate: $50$75 1146. McNutt, James. Quest for Shipwrecks. 1991. Reprint ed., SC, 202 pp, nearly new. Low-budget overview of shipwrecks and the treasures they yield, mostly copied from other references, useful to have all in one place. Signed by author. Estimate: $40-$60

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1147. Morris, Roland. Island Treasure. 1970. Third impression, HC, DJ, 232 pp, like new. All about Roland’s search for and salvage of the Association wreck off the Scilly Isles in the 1960s, this example with his own signature in marker. Treasure people in England consider the (late) flamboyant author to be their counterpart to Mel Fisher. Signed by author. Estimate: $50-$75 1148. National Museum of the Philippines. Treasures of the San Diego. 1996. 1st ed., SC, 379 pp, Very Fine. A lavishly illustrated “coffee table” book about the wreck and salvage of the San Diego, sunk in the Philippines in 1600s, produced to accompany a traveling exhibit of the artifacts in the mid-1990s. Estimate: $50-$75 1149. Nesmith, R.I. The Lima Pieces of George II of England. 1954. Pamphlet, 16 pp, like new. A concise overview of Anson’s voyage in 1740-4 and the LIMA coins of 1745-6 that commemorate it, originally written by the premier shipwreck numismatist in the 1940s. (Also see lot #1137.) Estimate: $30-$40 1150. Peterson, Mendel. Treasure of the Concepción. 1980. Pamphlet, 45 pp, nearly new. A small but well-illustrated promotional brochure about the Concepción of 1641. Estimate: $15-$25 1151. Potter, John. The Treasure Divers of Vigo Bay. 1958. 1st ed., HC, DJ, 480, Very Fine. A classic reference that details the complete history of the sinking of Spanish ships in Vigo Bay by the British in 1702 as well as modern salvage attempts. Estimate: $35-$50 1152. Potter, John. The Treasure Diver’s Guide. 1960. 1st ed., HC, DJ, 501 pp, Very Fine. Another classic reference by one of the great names in treasure salvage, this often-used book lists brief details on thousands of wrecks around the world. Estimate: $60$90

1154. Stick, David. Graveyard of the Atlantic. 1952. 1st ed., HC, DJ, 376 pp, Very Fine. One of the classics, reprinted many times (but this is the first edition), detailing hundreds of wrecks off the Outer Banks of North Carolina. Signed by author. Estimate: $25-$35 1155. Storm, Alex. Canada’s Treasure Hunt. 1967. SC, 1st printing, 152 pp, used. Small paperback book about the Chameau, sunk in 1725 off Nova Scotia and salvaged by the author in 1965. Scarce without all its pages falling out. Estimate: $25-$35 1156. Taylor, James. Gold from the Sea. 1947 reprint, HC (no DJ), 224 pp, Very Fine. All about the RMS Niagara, sunk in 1740 off New Zealand, and the subsequent search for her cargo of bullion. Estimate: $25-$35 1157. Taylor, James. Spoils from the Sea. 1950. 1st ed., HC (no DJ), 240 pp, Very Fine. The biography of 1940s hardhat diver J.E. “Johnno” Johnston, an important salvager of wrecks in the southwest Pacific. Estimate: $40-$50 1158. Wagner, Kip. Pieces of Eight. 1967. Second printing, HC, DJ, 221 pp, Very Fine. The consummate story of the 1715 Fleet and its salvage by the author and his Real Eight Co. in the early 1960s, one of the best and most revered works in sunken treasure literature. Signed by Kip Wagner and Mel Fisher. Estimate: $175$250 1159. Weller, Bob. The Dreamweaver. 1996. SC, 1st ed., 333 pp, nearly new. The official biography of Mel Fisher, written by another popular and successful salvager. Signed by author, stamped “Today’s the day, Mel Fisher”. Estimate: $25-$35

1153. Stark, Jack. The Sponge Pirates. 1956. HC (no DJ), 86 pp, Fine. Neat old book that includes a story about Art McKee and his hardhat salvage efforts, this special edition sold only at McKee’s “Sunken Treasure Fortress” in the 1950s. Estimate: $50-$75

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Please send your bids to our special email bidding address: treasurebids@gmail.com

Auction catalogs 1160. ANR, January 5-6, 2004 (Sebring collection). SC, 316 pp, like new. A typical U.S. “mega” auction catalog but valuable to treasure people for its inclusion of the shipwreck-coin collection of Thomas H. Sebring, a noted author, with several lots of “tumbaga” bars in addition to the coins. Estimate: $35-$50

1168. Superior, June 2, 1992 (Reijgersdaal). SC, 98 pp, Very Fine. A typical world coins and antiquities auction that contains a significant offering of pillar dollars from the Reijgersdaal wreck of 1747. Estimate: $25-$35

1161. Bowers and Merena, June 5-6, 2002 (Treasures of the World). SC, 200 pp, like new. This was Bowers & Merena’s (a huge U.S. numismatic auction house) first foray into world coins, graced by some shipwreck treasures, including a consignment of “tumbaga” bars by yours truly! Estimate: $25-$35 1162. Bowers and Merena, April 7-8, 2005 (Treasures of the S.S. Republic). SC, 31 pp, Fine. A small, 50-lot offering of valuable, high-grade U.S. gold coins from the Republic wreck of 1865. Estimate: $15-$25

END OF SALE Any questions? Please email Dan at info@sedwickcoins.com or call (407) 975-3325.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR PARTICIPATION IN OUR TREASURE AUCTION #3!

1163. Christie’s East, December 12, 2000 (Driscoll Piracy Collection). SC, 73 pp, new. Small but fascinating auction of authentic pirate artifacts and memorabilia. Estimate: $30-$40 1164. Christie’s New York, December 14, 2000 (Gold Rush Treasures from the S.S. Central America). HC, 245 pp, like new. Important auction of U.S. gold coins and ingots from the Central America wreck of 1857. Estimate: $30-$40 1165. Ponterio, April 7-8, 2000 (Gold Royals). SC, 272 pp, nearly new. A typical world-coin auction that contains an important research collection of Potosí cob 8R as well as two Mexican gold Royal 8E from the 1715 Fleet (cover coins). Estimate: $25-$35 1166. Ponterio, March 31-April 1, 2006 (Rooswijk). SC, 244 pp, Very Fine. Another typical world-coin auction but important to us for its first-offering section on the Rooswijk wreck of 1739 (history and lots). Estimate: $20-$30 1167. Sotheby’s, December 8-9, 1999 (Treasures from the S.S. Central America). SC, 206 pp, Very Fine. Important first auction (which did not actually take place till June, 2000, due to court order) of U.S. gold coins, ingots, nuggets and dust from the Central America wreck of 1857. Estimate: $35-$50

OUR TREASURE AUCTION #4 WILL TAKE PLACE IN AUTUMN, 2008 (CONSIGNMENT DEADLINE: JULY 1, 2008) Please send your bids to our special email bidding address: treasurebids@gmail.com

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BID SHEET

Daniel Frank Sedwick May, 2008, Treasure Auction

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HOW TO BID Unlike other mail-bid auctions, we require each bidder to supply both a Minimum and a Maximum bid. Mostly this is designed to break a tie when two high bidders have the same Maximum, but it also a way to “keep your competition honest.” Simply put (assuming there is no reserve), if your Maximum is highest, then you will win the lot for either one increment (approximately 10%) above the next-highest bid (Maximum or Minimum). If you think you have a chance to win the lot for a low bid but you are willing to go much higher, then give us a big spread, like $100 Minimum and $1,000 Maximum. If no one bids at or above $100, then you will win the lot for $100; but if someone bids against you with $500 Minimum and $1,000 Maximum, then your competition will win the lot for $1,000. Obviously, the more you want a given lot, the higher you will make your Minimum, but keep in mind that you will not win the lot for less than your Minimum. Safest bet is not to give a Minimum at all, in which case your Maximum will serve as your Minimum as well. Only when two high bidders’ Minimums and Maximums are the same will we award the lot to the earlier bidder. Please remember that a 20% Buyer’s Fee will be added to the winning bid amount for each lot. If you pay by credit card (not through PayPal), then we will grant you a reduction of 2% from the Buyer’s Fee (net 18%). If you pay by cash, check, money order, direct deposit, or wire transfer, then we will grant you a reduction of 5% from the Buyer’s Fee (net 15%). All new clients must provide references (with contact phone number) or supply a 25% deposit by check or money order, which will be applied toward payment for lots won or refunded in case the bids are unsuccessful. Credit card details may be submitted for deposit in lieu of check or money order. Special requests (regarding shipping, payment, total budget, “either/or” bids, etc.): __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Additional bids (mark box at bottom on front of form): Lot # Min bid Max bid Lot # Min bid Max bid Lot # Min bid Max bid

Please send your bids by mail, fax, or phone to: DANIEL FRANK SEDWICK P.O. Box 1964 Winter Park, FL 32790 USA

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