the acquisition of rare shipbuilding timber and other materials for the planned restoration of the schooner. The second grant will fund the restoration, digitization, and rehousing of selected cellulose diacetate negatives from the Rosenfeld Collection, which have been affected by a form of acetate film base deterioration. The collection is built on the inventory of the Morris Rosenfeld & Sons photographic business and is the largest archive of maritime photographs in the United States. Diacetate negatives are subject to a natural process
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Advertise in Sea History ! e-mail: advertising@seahistory.org. 44
L. A. Dunton
mystic seaport museum
In September, Mystic Seaport Museum announced it has been awarded Save America’s Treasures grants to support two important preservation projects: critical preservation work for the Rosenfeld Collection of Maritime Photography and the restoration of 1921 fishing schooner L. A. Dunton, a National Historic Landmark. Built in Essex, Massachusetts, the 123-foot Dunton is one of the last surviving examples of the once-common Grand Banks fishing schooners of the 19th and 20th centuries. The grant will support
of degradation as the plastic mounts give off acetic acid in the presence of humidity and/or other environmental factors. The mount shrinks and partially separates from the base, resulting in the formation of channels in the film. The resulting condition, known as “vinegar syndrome,” renders the negatives unusable. The grant will enable the museum to preserve 3,500 affected negatives. Save America’s Treasures was established in 1998 and is managed by the National Park Service in partnership with the Institute of Museum and Library Services, the National Endowment for the Arts, and the National Endowment for the Humanities, with the objective of preserving nationally significant historic properties and museum collections for future generations of Americans. (MSM, 47 Greenmanville Avenue, Mystic, CT; Ph. 860 572-0711; www.mysticseaport.org) ... Rediscovering Julius Kroehl by James Delgado On 9 September 1867, Julius Hermann Kroehl died of Yellow Fever in Panama City. A German-American immigrant to New York, Kroehl had come to Panama with an amazing craft, his Sub Marine Explorer, a 36-foot long, cast- and wrought iron submarine capable of extended deep dives. In many ways anticipating the design of later submarines, Kroehl’s Explorer used a system of compressed air and seawater ballast tanks to dive and surface. The compressed air also allowed him to pressurize the internal “working chamber” of the sub to match that of the depths it was diving to; this allowed him to open external hatches to exit the submarine and directly access the seabed to work. Kroehl, working with New York shipbuilder Ariel Patterson, constructed Explorer in Brooklyn in 1864– 1866, following his Civil War service in the Union Navy as an underwater explosives expert. Kroehl and his backers had SEA HISTORY 165, WINTER 2018–19