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"h eroic pirate." He was both pirate and revolutionary, opposi ng injustices that included slavery. Drawings of C inque were sympathetic with captions that described him as th e "brave Congolese C hief w ho prefers death ro Slavery and who now lies in Jail in irons in New H aven Conn. awa iting his trial fo r dari ng fo r freedom ." West Indian novel ist Jamaica Ki ncaid observes in A Small Place (1988) : "In the A ntigua I knew, we lived on a street na med afrer the English maritime criminal, H oratio Nelson, and all the other streets around were named after som e other E ngli sh maritime criminals. There was Rodney Street, there was H ood Street, and there was Drake Street." H istorical fig ures some see as heroes, others see as criminals. Rediker asserts that the motley crews fo rmed of deep-sea sailors were the origi nal tran snational (global) workers. H e also identifies "the centrality of the seas in hum an endeavor as a place where important h isrorical processes such as the genesis of ideas and class formation have taken place." The seaman at long las t emerges as a preeminent worker of the world , a sh aper of history. Indeed , of a world turned upside down. T IMOTHYJ. RUNYAN G reenville, North Carolina
w ithin striking d istance of Japan, loaded w ith a 2,000-pound bomb load. The bombers were assigned to target Tokyo and a few o cher cities to hit military targets, then fly on co air fields in China not yet controlled by J apanese invaders. The ra id was carried out by d aring aviato rs supported by equally brave sailors. The bom bers were transp orted by and launched from the recently com pleted aircraft carrier USS Hornet(CV8). The aircraft we re roo large for che elevators, so they had to be lashed to the flight deck. USS Enterprise (CV6) provided air support fo r the fleet; escorts were the cruisers USS Nashville (CL43), USS Vincennes (CA44) , fl eet oiler USS Cimarron (A0 22), and destroyers USS Gwin (DD 433), USS Meredith (DD434), USS Grayson (DD435) and USS Monssen (DD436). In Target Tokyo: jimmy Doolittle and the Raid That Avenged Pearl Harbor, James M. Scott details the history of the attack from conception ro che fin al disposition of the raiders in the decades after the wa r. He also analyzes che benefits and costs of the enterprise with emphasis on the hundreds of thousands of C hinese murdered by Japanese troops in retaliation for real and imagined support of che A merican airmen. DAVID 0. WHITTEN Auburn, Alabam a
Target Tokyo~ Jimmy Doolittle and the Raid lbat Avenged Pearl Harbor by James M. Scott (W. W. Norto n & Co., NY,
Pirate Hunters: The Search for the Lost Treasure Ship ofa Great Buccaneer by
2015, 648pp, photos, notes, biblio, index, ISBN 978- 0-393-08962-2; $35hc) Jimmy Doolittle, a household name synonymous with daredevil Aying and wartime heroics in the twentieth centu ry, secu red his place in history when he organized and led an air raid on Tokyo, Japa n, on 18 A pril 1942. A merica ns, fro m the president of the U ni ted States ro the anonym ous m an- (or wom an-) in-the-stree t, longed to hit back at the Japa nese fo r their attack on Pearl H arbor on 7 D ecember 1941 and hoped ro take the wa r ro the heart of]apan- ics capital at Tokyo. President Fran klin D elano Roosevelt authorized a raid on Tokyo to boost national morale and demoralize the Japanese at the same time. The audacious plan called fo r US Army Air Forces' North American Aviation M itchell B25 med ium bombers to launch from a US Navy aircraft ca rrier
R obert Kurson (Random H ouse, New York, 2015, 304pp, ISBN 978-1-40006-3369; $28hc) Diver John Ch atterron is a fa miliar ch aracter to many, particularly to those who have read author Robert Kurson's previo us wo rk, Shadow Divers, or, perhaps, more broadly to anyone who ever tuned in to the History Ch an nel's D eep Sea Detectives, in which he co-sta rred . C hatterton surfaces ye t again, here par tnered w ith diver John Mattera in the search for a longlost pirate ship. The two d ivers are painted as both heroes and risk takers. C hatterton h as a long histo ry of chargi ng into difficult situations-as a medic in Vietnam, where he wo uld retrieve comrades in op en sp aces w hile under fi re, and later as a diver, w riggling into the eight and dangero us remains o f a Germ an U- boat. Mattera grew up SEA HISTORY 152, AUTUMN 2015