Wrecks Project" combines archaeology, history, biology, metalurgy and oceanography to study how structures or obj ects function as artificial reefs in deep water. It is generally accep ted that artificial reefs can serve a positive function by the creation of new hard-bo ttom habitat in areas where hard-bottom is naturally lacking. The ideal laboratory for this study exists in the G ul f of Mexico where 56 ships were sunk by German submarines during Wo rld War II, m ost within a few months of each other in 1942 . Seven of these vessels-one of which was lost to accident rather than enemy action-were located during oil and gas surveys and selected for study because they represem a range of depths (from 28 0 feet to 6,5 00 feet) and carried a variety of cargoes. Because of the range of wa ter depths, which represent differem ecological niches, and that m ost of the vessels were sunk within a few months of one another, they represent a unique opportunity to study the "artificial reef effect" in diffe ring depths over the course of 60 years. In addition to the biological characterizatio ns that will be conducted at each site, the vessels will be documented and studied as historic sites for nomination to the National Register of H isto ric Places. (Ro bert C hurch, Project Principal Investigator and Chief Scientist, M arine Archaeologist, C&C Technologies, Inc.; web site: www. pas tfo und a tion .org/ D eep W recks; e-mail: pas tfoundatio n@earthlin k. net) ... The Naval H istorical Center has posted on its web site (www.history. navy. mil) A Guide to Naval History Organizations, Programs, and Resources, com piled by Senior Historian D r. Edward J. Marolda. The G uide is mean t to serve as a starting point for anyo ne interes ted in the history and heritage of the US Navy. ... The US Navy and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have returned to the wreck of the Civil War Ironclad USS Monitor for a two week mission that concluded in late June. Their mission this spring was to assess the current condition of the ship and recover artifacts that may have been exposed during Hurricane Isabel , which ripped through the regio n in September 2003, causing severe damage in nearby Cape Hatteras. The Navy p rovided surSEA HISTORY 108, AUTUMN 2004
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