ISSN 01 46-93 12
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SEA HISTORY
SEA HISTORY is published quarterly by the ational Maritime Historical Society, 5 John W al sh Boulevard , PO Box 68, Peekskill Y I 0566. Second class postage paid at Peekski ll NY 10566 and additi onal ma iling offices . COPYRJGHT © 1998 by the Natio nal Mari time H istorica l Society. Tel: 9 14 737-7878. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Sea History, 5 John W alsh Boulevard , PO Box 68, Peekski ll NY 10566. MEMBERS HIP is invited. A fterg uard $ 10,000; Benefactor $5,000; P lankowner $2,500; Sponsor $ 1,000; Dono r $500; Patron $250; Friend $ I 00; Contributo r $75; Fami ly $50; Regul ar $3 5. A ll members outside the USA please add $ I 0 fo r postage. SEA HISTORY is sent to all members. Indi vidua l copies cost $3.7 5. OFF ICERS & TRUSTEES: C hairman . Cra ig A. C. Reyno lds; Vice Chairm en, Richardo Lo pes, Ed ward G. Ze li nsky; P residen t, Peter Stanfo rd ; Vice President, Norma Stan ford ; Treasurer , B radfo rd Sm ith; Secretary, M arsha ll S tre ibe rt ; Trustees, Wa lter R . B row n, W . Grove Conrad , Fred C. Hawkins, Jakob Isbrandtsen, G uy E. C. Maitl and , Karen E. Markoe. Warren Marr, II , Bri an A. McA lli ster, James J. M oore, Dav id A . O 'Ne il, RADM T ho mas J. Patterso n. Nancy Po uch, O gde n Re id , Ch arles A . Robertso n, Howard S lo tnic k, Lo ui s A. Trapp, J r. , David B. Vietor, Harry E. Vi nall , Ill , Wi ll iam H . Wh ite, Jean Wort; Chairman Emeritus, A lan G. Choate FOUN DER : Ka rl K ortum (l 9 17- 1996) OVERSEE RS: Ch a irman , T ownsend Ho rn o r; Charles F. Adams, RA DM Dav id C. Brown, Walter Cronki te, John Lehman, J. Wil liam M iddendorf, II , Graham H. Phill ips, John St o bart , Wi lli am G . Wi nterer ADV ISORS: Co-C hairmen , Frank 0 . Bray nard , Melbourne Smith ; D.K. Abbass, Raymo nd Aker, George F. Ba ss, Franc is E . Bo w ke r, O swa ld L. Brett , No rm an J. Bro uwer, RADM Joseph F. Call o, Willi am M. Doe rflin ger, Fra nc is J. Du ffy, Jo hn Ewa ld , J ose ph L. Farr, T imot hy G . Foo te, W illi am G ilk e rso n , T hom as G illme r, Wa lte r J. Hande lm an, C ha rl e s E. He rde ndo rf, Steven A. Hyman, Hajo Knurtel, G unnar Lundeberg, Conrad Mil ster, Willi am G. Mulle r, Dav id E. Perkin s, ancy Hughes Richardson, T imo th y J. R unya n , Ralph L. Sn ow, Shan no n J . W a ll, T ho m as We ll s AMER ICAN S HIP TR UST: Chairman, Peter Stanford; Trustees, F. Briggs Dalzell , William G . Mul ler, Melbourn e Smi th , Edward G. Ze lin sky SEA HI STORY STAFF: Editor, Peter Stanfo rd; Executive Editor, Nonna Stanfor~wwgi11g Editor, J ustine Ahl strom ; Contributing Editor , Kev in Haydon; Acco11111ing, Joseph Caccio la; M embership Deve/opmem & Public Affairs, Burchenal Green; Assisra11t Membership Secretary!M ercha11dising, Eri ka Ku11enbach; M embership Assista11t, Irene Eisenfe ld; Fundraising Secretary, Blaire Smith; Adverrising Assisrant, Cannen McCall um ; Secrelal)' to rhe Presidem , Karen Ritell ; Director ofNew York Operations, W illiam Becker; DirectorofEd11cario11, Dav id A llen
SPRING 1998
CONTENTS 2 DECK LOG & LETTERS 5 REPORT FROM THE FIELD: The Institute for Exploration and Deepwater Archaeology by Dr. Robert Ballard 6 NMHSNEWS 8 THE AMERICAN FLAG AT SEA: From A Labor Perspective by Henry F. Trutneff, PhD 10 THE CAPE HORN ROAD, XIV: How the Races of Mankind Came Together in the Immense Mixing Bowl of the Pacific by Peter Stanfo rd 16 KNM Hitra: The " Shetlands Bus" by Theodore R. Treadwell 22 THE OPSAIL 2000 OFFICIAL PORTS, PART II: Philadelphia, City of Pioneering Ships and People by Peter Stanfo rd 26 SHIP OF THE ISSUE: Gazela of Philadelphia by David Frantz 28 M USEUM OF THE ISSUE: M ystic: The Museum of America & the Sea by Benjamin Labaree 30 M ARINE ART: An Inter view with Bill Gilkerson by Stua rt M. Frank 35 NMHS Takes the Young Idea to Sea by Peter Stanfo rd 36 Awakening the Next Watch: Sail Training Aboard USCGC Eagle by Capt. Robert J. Papp, Jr. 40 Recovering Our Maritime Heritage: The Vaka Taumako Project, Sail, Martha's Vineyard and a Russian Replica of the Shtandart 48 IN THE ARCHIVES : Tracing American Merchant Vessels by Cha rles Dana Gibson 50 MARINE ART NEWS/AMERICAN MERCHANT MARINE MUSEUM NEWS 53 SHIP NOTES, SEAPORT & M USEUM NEWS 59 REVIEWS 64 PATRONS COVER: Today th e old Portuguese Grand Banksf ishing vessel Gaz e la ( ex-Gazela Prime iro) sails out of Philadelphia , kept in voyaging condition by a dedicated group of volunteers, The Philadelphia Preservation Guild. (See pages 25-27 & 5 1.) (Photo: Lori Mager)
Join Us for a Voyage into History Our seafaring heritage comes ali ve in the pages of Sea History, fro m the ancient mariners of Greece, a nd Po rtug uese nav igato rs opening up the ocean world , to the hero ic efforts of seamen in World War II. Each iss ue brings new insights and new discoveries .
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