ISSN 0146-93 12

No. 83

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SEA HISTORY

SEA HJSTORY is publi shed quarterl y by the National Maritime Historical Society, 5John Walsh Bou levard , PO Box 68 , Peekskill NY 10566. Second class postage paid at Peekskill NY I0566 and additional mailing offices. COPYRJGHT © 1997 by the National Maritime Hi storical Society. Tel: 914 737-7878 . POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Sea History, 5 John Walsh Boulevard , PO Box 68, Peekskill NY I0566. MEMBERSHIP is invited. Afterguard $ I0,000; Benefactor $5,000; Plankowner $2,500; Sponsor $ 1,000; Donor $500; Patron $250; Friend $ I 00; Contributor $75; Fam il y $50; Regul ar $35 . All members outside the USA please add $ 10 for postage. SEA HISTORY is sent to all members. Individual copies cost $3.75. OFFICERS & TRUSTEES: Chairman, Craig A. C. Reynolds; Vice Chairmen, Richardo Lopes, Edward G. Zelinsky; President, Peter Stanford; Vice President, Norma Stanford; Treasurer, Bradford Smith; Secretary, Marshall Stre ibert; Trustees, Walter R. Brown, W. Grove Conrad, Fred C. Hawkins, Jakob Isbrandtsen, Guy E. C. Maitland , Karen E. Markoe, Warren Marr, II, Brian A. McAlli ster, James J. Moore, David A. O ' e il , RADM Thomas J. Patterson, Nancy Pouch, Ogden Reid , Charles A. Robertson , Howard Slotnick, Louis A. Trapp, Jr., David B. Vietor, Harry E. Vinall , Ill, William H. White, Jean Wort; Chairman Emeritus, Alan G. Choate FOUNDER: Karl Kortum ( 191 7- 1996) OV ERSEE RS: Chairman, Townsend Hornor; Charles F. Adams, RADM David C. Brown, Walter Cronkite, John Lehman, J. Willi am Middendorf, ll , Graham H. Phillips, John Stobart , William G . Winterer ADVISORS : Co-Chairmen, Frank 0 . Braynard , Melbourne Smith; D.K. Abbass, Raymond Ake r, George F. Bass, Fran c is E. Bow ke r, Oswa ld L. Brett , Norman J. Brou wer, RADM Joseph F. Ca llo, Willi am M . Doerflinger, Franci s J. Duffy , John Ewald , Joseph L. Farr, Tim othy G. Foote, Willi am Gilke rson, Th omas Gillme r, Wa lter J . Hande lm an , Charl es E. He rde nd orf, Steven A . Hyman, Hajo Knuttel , Gunnar Lundeberg, Conrad Mil ster, Willi am G . Muller, Dav id E. Perkins, Nancy Hughes Richardson, T im othy J. Runya n, Ra lph L. Snow, Shannon J. Wa ll , Th omas We ll s AMERICAN SHIP TRUST: Chairman, Peter Stanford; Trustees, F. Briggs Dalzell , William G. Muller, Me lbourne Smith, Edward G . Zelinsky NMHS STAFF: Editor, Peter Stanford; Executive Editor, Norma Stanford; Managing Editor, Justine Ahl strom ; Contributing Editor, Kev in Haydon ; Accounting, Joseph Cacciola; Membership Development & Public Affairs, Burchenal Green; Assistant Membership Secretary/Merchandising, Erika Kurtenbach; Membership Assistant, Irene E ise nfe ld ; Advert is ing Assistan t , Ca rm e n McCa llum; Secretary to the President, Karen Ritell ; Director of New York Operations, Will iam Becker; Education Coordinator, Dav id A llen

WINTER 1997-98

CONTENTS 2 DECK LOG & LETTERS 6 NMHS NEWS 8 THE AMERICAN FLAG AT SEA: Early Activities of the US Merchant Marine in Latin America by Roberta M . Delson , PhD 11 THE CAPE HORN R OAD, PART XIII: Captain Cook Offers the World a New Picture of Itself by Peter Stanford 19 USS Constitution: 200 Years of the Battle and the Breeze 20 USS Constitution Sails Again! 21 Forging a C rew to Sail " Old Ironsides" aboard " HMS" Bounty by Carl Herzog 25 SHIP OF THE ISSUE: The James Craig Returns to Her Element by the Staff of the Sydney Maritime Mu seum 29 NMHS/OPERATION SAIL EDUCATION PROGRAM & The Operation Sail 2000 Official Ports, Part I by Peter Stanford & Kathryn Shelton 35 MARINE ART: New York Harbor a Century Ago: Alice Austen 's Photographs by Justine Ahlstrom 40 Annals of the Pacific Steam Schooners compiled by Karl Kortum 43 MARINE ART NEWS 44 MODELMAKER'S CORNER: HMS Beagle Revisited by Karl Heinz Marquardt 48 SHIP NOTES, SEAPORT & MUSEUM NEWS: Kalmar Nyckel-American Merchant Marine Museum News-Cutty Sark Tall Ships' Races Report-World Ship Trust Roundup-The American Navy at Whitehall- Inveni Portam-Calendar 56 R EVIEWS 64 P ATRONS COVER: "Old Ironsides" reef ed down in an Atlantic gale . Painting by William G. Muller, oil on canvas,20" x 14". To inquire about the original painting, whose sale will benefit NNHS , call 914 737-7878. For the complete painting and other stories on Constitution, see pages 19-22.

Join Us for a Voyage into History Our seafaring heritage comes alive in the pages of Sea History, from the ancient mariners of Greece, and Portuguese navigators opening up the ocean world, to the heroic efforts of seamen in World War II. Each iss ue brings new insights and new discoveries.

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