ISSN 0146-931 2

No.47

SEA HISTORY

OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD SHIP TRUST

SEA HISTORY is published quarterly by the National Maritime Historical Society, 132 Maple Street, Croton-on-Hudson, NY 10520. Second class postage paid at Croton-on-Hudson, NY 10520. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Sea History, 132 Maple Street, Croton, NY 10520. COPYRIGHT © 1988 by the National Maritime Historical Society. Tel. 914 271-2177. MEMBERSHIP is invited. Plankowner $ 10,000; Benefactor $5,000; Sponsor $1,000; Donor $500; Sustaining Patron $250; Patron $100; Contributor $50; Family $35; Regular $25; Student or Retired $ 12.50. All members outside the USA please add $5 for postage. SEA HISTORY is sent to all members. Individual copies cost $2.75. OFFICERS & TRUSTEES are Chairman: James P. McAllister; Vice Chairmen: Alan G. Choate, James Ean , Schuyler M. Meyer, Jr.; President: Peter Stanford; Vice President: Norma Stanford; Secretary: Spencer Smith; Treasurer: Robert W. Elliott, III; Trustees: Henry H. Anderson, Jr. , Alan G. Choate, Robert W. Elliott, III, Karl Kortum , Richardo Lopes , Robert J. Lowen, James P. McAllister, Schuyler M. Meyer, Jr., Richard I. Morris, Nancy Pouch, Ludwig K. Rubinsky, Spencer Smith, Peter Stanford; Chairman Emeritus: Karl Kortum; President Emeritus: Alan D. Hutchison. OVERSEERS: Chairman : Henry H. Anderson , Jr.; Charles F. Adams, Townsend Hornor, George Lamb, Clifford D. Mallory, Schuyler M. Meyer, Jr., J. William Middendorf, II, Richard I. Morris, John G. Rogers , John Stobart. ADVISORS : Co-Chairman: Frank 0. Braynard, David Brink; Raymond Aker, George Bass, Francis E. Bowker, Oswald L. Brett, George Campbell , William Main Doerflinger, Harry Dring, John Ewald, Joseph L. Farr, Timothy G. Foote, Richard Goold-Adams, Walter J. Handelman, Mel Hardin, Robert G. Herbert, II, R. C. Jefferson , Irving M. Johnson , John Kemble, Conrad Milster, Edward Muhlfeld, William G. Muller, George Nichols , David E. Perkins, Richard Rath , Nancy Richardson, George Salley, Melbourne Smith, Ralph L. Snow, Albert Swanson, Peter Throckmorton, Shannon Wall , Robert A. Weinstein , Thomas Wells, Charles Wittholz. American Ship Trust , Hon. Secretary: Eric J. Berryman. WORLD SHIP TRUST: Chairman: Frank G. G. Carr; Vice Presidents: Henry H. Anderson, Jr. , Viscount Caldecote, Sir Rex Hunt, Hammond Innes, Rt. Hon. Lord Lewin, Sir Peter Scott, Rt. Hon. Lord Shackleton; Dep. Director: J. A. Forsythe; Hon. Treasurer: Michael C. MacSwiney; Mensun Bound, Dr. Nei l Cossons, Maldwin Drummond, David Goddard, Richard F. Lee, Alan McGowan , Arthur Prothero, Peter Stanford. Membership: £12 payable WST, c/o Dep. Dir. , l29a North Street, Burwell, Cambs. CBS OBB, Eng land. Reg. Charity No. 277751. SEA HISTORY STAFF: Editor: Lincoln Paine; Senior Editor: Peter Stanford; Managing Editor: Norma Stanford: Advertising Manager: Barbara Ladd; Production Assistant: Joseph Stanford; Accounting : Veronica Gnewuch; Membership Secretary: Patricia Anstett; Membership Assistant: Grace Zerella.

SUMMER 1988

CONTENTS 4 5

6 8 11 12 17 24

28 30 32 35

39 40 44 46 48

LETTERS QUERIES & CORRECTIONS NMHS PROJECTS: A TASK THAT HAS TO BE DONE, Talmage E. Simpkins WINNING THEIR WAY TO BERMUDA, William Robinson SAIL TRAINING NEWS THE GREAT LAKES: CHICAGO HARBOR A CENTURY AGO, Theodore S. Charmey OPENING THE GREAT LAKES, Philip Robert Elmes A BLUENOSE ON THE LAKES: THE J. T. WING, Robert Fraser-Lee GREAT LAKES MARITIME MUSIC, Chris and Tom Kastle THE SHIPWRECKS OF ISLE ROY ALE, C. Patrick Labadie THE SEAPORT EXPERIENCE MARINE ART: "IN THE LANDLOCKED HEART OF OUR AMERICA," J. Gray Sweeney MARINE ART, NOTES AND COMMENT SHIP NOTES, SEAPORT AND MUSEUM NEWS THE CHIEF WAWATAM MUST BE SAVED, Stephen Heaver, Jr. GREAT LAKES MARITIME MUSEUMS REVIEWS

COVER: Radiating the industry and optimism that characterized the development of the Great Lakes, the tug Champion tows eight topsail schooners on the Detroit River in 1878. Chromolithograph by Seth Arca Whipple. Courtesy the Henry Ford Museum, Dearborn, Michigan.

The National Maritime Historical Society is saving America's seafaring heritage. Join us. We bring to life America's seafaring past through research , archaeo log ical expeditions and ship preservation efforts. We work with museums , historians and sail training groups and report on these activ iti es in our quarterly journal Sea Hisro ry. We are al so the American arm of the World Ship Trust , an international group working worldwide to he lp save ships of historic importance .

Won ' t you join us to keep alive our nation 's seafaring legacy? Membership in the Society costs only $25 a year. You ' ll receive Sea History , a fascinating magazine filled with articles of seafaring and historical lore . You'll also be eligible for di scounts on books , prints and other items. Help save our seafaring heritage . Join the Nationa l Maritime Hi storical Society today '

TO: National Maritime Historical Society, 132 Maple St. , Croton-on-Hudson, NY 10520

YES

I want to help . I unde rstand that my co ntributi on goes to for wa rd the wo rk of the Soc iety ' and that 1"11 be kept in fo rmed by rece iving SEA HISTORY qu arterl y. Enclosed is:

0 $1,000Sponsor0 $500Donor0 $100Patron 0 $50Contributor0$35Family 0 $25Regular0 $12.50Student/Retired NAME (please print)

Contribulions 10 NMHS art lax deductible.

NATIONAL MARITIME HISTORICAL SOCIETY

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