PARTNERSHIP GOVERNANCE INDEX www.kemitraan.or.id/govindex
www.kemitraan.or.id
PARTNERSHIP GOVERNANCE INDEX An Overview
www.kemitraan.or.id/govindex
Presented at the World Bank Jakarta, 15 February 2010
www.kemitraan.or.id
A Brief Background: Why Partnership Governance Index?
Governance quality is important for poverty reduction and other MDGs
Nation wide reform initiative
Regional autonomy led to a varying quality of governance
Indonesia needs objective assessment of governance
The Goals To Provide a comprehensive and methodologically robust assessment of governance performance in all provinces. Specifically, it will provide:
1. Profile of each province’s governance performance 2. Overall ranking of all provinces 3. Ranking of provinces based on arenas of governance 4. A wealth of data on specific indicators of governance
Uniqueness and strength of PGI
Assessment of all provinces Allow comparison between provinces on equal terms Robust methodology Consist of many actionable indicators Covers all arenas of governance
Developing the index
Mapping existing studies, evaluations, assessments on governance in Indonesia and abroad
Extensive consultation with “experts,” stakeholders, and beneficieries on substantive and methodological issues
Long deliberation by team (scholars and experts)
The Conceptual Framework (1) Governance process of policy making policy implementation through interaction between state, civil society, and economy based on certain principles
The Conceptual Framework (2) ď Ż Arena of Governance Government (Political Office), Bureaucracy, Civil Society, and Economic Society
ď Ż Principles of Governance Participation, Transparency, Fairness, Accountability, Efficiency, and Effectiveness
The Conceptual Framework (3) Good Governance Matrix Participa tion Government Bureaucracy Civil Society Economic Society
Transparen Fairness cy
Accountability
Efficiency
Effectiveness
Selecting themes/functions and Indicators to be measured “not all important things can be measured and not all that can be measured are important” -- Einstein Themes and indicators are carefully selected, based on:
Significance Relevance Discriminating power Availability of data Commonality across provinces
Governance Themes and Number of Indicators Arena Government
Themes/Function
Number of Indicators
Regulatory Framework
9
Budget Allocation
14
Coordination of Development
10
Revenue Collection
6
Public Services
8
Regulating Economy
6
Economic Society
Tender dan Implementation of Government Projects
9
Civil Society
Advocacy
13
Bureaucracy
Total number of indicators
75
PGI Structure Indeks Good Governance Angka Indeks Goverment
Angka Indeks Birokrasi
Angka Indeks Civil society
Angka Indeks Economic society
Participation
Participation
Participation
Participation
Fairness
Fairness
Fairness
Fairness
Accountability
Accountability
Accountability
Accountability
Transparency
Transparency
Transparency
Efficiency
Efficiency
Efficiency
Efficiency
Effectiveness
Effectiveness
Effectiveness
Effectiveness
Transparency
Weighting arenas, principles, indicators Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine weight of arena, principle, and indicator pair-ways comparison between indicators, principles, arenas The resulting weight of arenas: Government (34.4%)
Bureaucracy (27.4%) Civil Society (24.9%) Economic Society (14.2%)
Weight of arenas
Weight of principles 0.143 0.124 EFFECTIVENESS EFFICIENCY TRANSPARANCY ACCOUNTABILITY FAIRNESS PARTICIPATION
0.242
0.165 0.156
0.132 0.113 0.199
0.220 0.198
0.229
0.228
0.143 0.157 0.191
0.212
0.150 0.167 0.096 GOVERNMENT (.344)
0.141 0.090
0.197 0.208
BUREAUCRACY CIVIL SOCIETY (.274) (.249)
0.100 ECONOMIC SOCIETY (.142)
METHOD (1) Data Type Objective Data: Statistics and records of activities Data gathered through structured interviews with “well informed persons” persons with expertise in one or more arena of governance; they are selected purposively
METHOD (2) Source of Objective Data • Most recent revenue and expenditure budget and related documents (RPJMD, RKPD, Prolegda, KUA, Nota Keuangan, PPAS, LKPJ) • Records of coordination meeting • Records of visits by Parliamentary commissions to districts/cities • Financial Audit (BPK Audit) • HDI • Tax and retribution potentials and realization • Provincial statistics (population, number of poor people, unemployment rate/number, PDRB, gini ratio, purchasing parity index, health statistics, educational statistics, and others).
Location of data No. 1.
Source Bureaucracy
Location
Objective
BPS
√
Dinas kesehatan
√
√
Dinas pendidikan
√
√
Dinas sosial
√
√
Dinas PU
√
√
Dispenda
√
√
Disnaker
√
√
Kesbanglinmas
2.
Parliament
WIP
√
Bappeda
√
√
BKPMD
√
√
Sekretariat Provinsi
√
√
BPK
√
BPKP
√
Kantor Pajak
√
√
Sekretariat DPRD
√
√
Komisi-komisi
√
3
Civil society
Pengurus atau pelaksana CSO
√
√
4.
Economic society
Kadinda
√
Gepensi
√
HIPMI
√
5.
Academe +
Dosen, peneliti
√
6.
Media
Wartawan
√
Data to index
Reading the Index
1. Index ranges from 1 to 10 2. 1 is the lowest and 10 the highest
Democratic Governance Profile: Some Examples Sumatra Barat Province
Overall Governance Index: 6.0
Indeks Arena
Participation
Fairness
Accountability
Tranparency
Efficiency
Effectiveness
Government
5.4
6.3
1.8
8.3
3.6
5.5
7.0
Bureaucracy
5.9
2.4
7.9
6.7
4.9
4.5
7.3
Civil Society
6.6
5.2
5.9
7.8
10.0
4.1
4.8
Economic Society
6.6
8.3
7.0
7.4
10.0
1.0
5.5
Gorontalo Province
Overall Governance Index: 5.5 Indeks Arena
Participation
Fairness
Accountability
Tranparency
Efficiency
Effectiveness
Government
6.0
5.5
1.6
8.9
5.8
7.5
6.1
Bureaucracy
7.0
7.5
5.6
10.0
4.7
7.0
7.0
Civil Society
3.9
4.0
7.0
5.3
1.0
1.0
4.9
Economic Society
4.3
5.5
4.0
5.5
1.0
5.5
5.5
Papua Barat: 4.4
Overall Governance Index: Index Arena
Participation
Fairness
Accountability
Tranparency
Efficiency
Effectiveness
Government
3.9
5.5
2.6
5.4
2.8
3.3
4.4
Bureaucracy
4.0
5.3
5.3
1.0
2.5
5.7
6.8
Civil Society
5.4
4.0
7.0
7.0
3.9
5.8
4.9
Economic Society
4.5
5.5
4.0
5.5
5.5
1.0
5.5
Democratic Governance Profile: Sumatra Barat Province Sumatra Barat Province
Â
Overall Governance Index: 6.0
Indeks Arena
Participation
Fairness
Accountability
Tranparency
Efficiency
Effectiveness
Government
5.4
6.3
1.8
8.3
3.6
5.5
7.0
Bureaucracy
5.9
2.4
7.9
6.7
4.9
4.5
7.3
Civil Society
6.6
5.2
5.9
7.8
10.0
4.1
4.8
Economic Society
6.6
8.3
7.0
7.4
10.0
1.0
5.5
Democratic Governance Profile: Gorontalo Province Gorontalo Province
Â
Overall Governance Index: 5.5
Indeks Arena
Participation
Fairness
Accountability
Tranparency
Efficiency
Effectiveness
Government
6.0
5.5
1.6
8.9
5.8
7.5
6.1
Bureaucracy
7.0
7.5
5.6
10.0
4.7
7.0
7.0
Civil Society
3.9
4.0
7.0
5.3
1.0
1.0
4.9
Economic Society
4.3
5.5
4.0
5.5
1.0
5.5
5.5
Democratic Governance Profile: West Papua Province Papua Barat:
Â
Overall Governance Index: 4.4
Index Arena
Participation
Fairness
Accountability
Tranparency
Efficiency
Effectiveness
Government
3.9
5.5
2.6
5.4
2.8
3.3
4.4
Bureaucracy
4.0
5.3
5.3
1.0
2.5
5.7
6.8
Civil Society
5.4
4.0
7.0
7.0
3.9
5.8
4.9
Economic Society
4.5
5.5
4.0
5.5
5.5
1.0
5.5
Government Fairness Index: Sumbar, Gorontalo, and West Papua  FAIRNESS
Anggaran AP8D utk kesehatan (non belanja pegawai perkapita dibagi indeks kemahalan
Anggaran di APBD untuk penanganan kemiskinan perkapita terhadap indeks kemahalan
Sumbar
Gorontalo
1.8
Papbar
1.6
2.6
1.2 2.4
4.2 1.2
1.5
1.4 1.8
Anggaran APBD bidang pendidikan perkapita terhadap indeks kemahalan
1.2
2.7 10.0
Tingkat dskriminasi koordinasi gubernur terhadap kab/kota
10
7
Government Accountability Index: Sumbar, Gorontalo, and West Papua Â
Sumbar
Gorontalo
Papbar
ACCOUNTABILITY
8.3
6.9
5.4
Kesesuaian Prioritas Pemb di APBD thd RPJMD
10
10.0
7
Realisasi Pengesahan Perda dibandingkan Jml Program Legislasi Daerah
7.2
Rasio APBD Perubahan thd APBD tanpa Adanya Perubahan Asumsi Dasar, dll
8.1
Ketepatan Waktu Pengesahan Perda APBD
10
10.0
1
4
7.0
4
Laporan hasil kunjungan kerja gubernur
10
10.0
5.5
Laporan hasil kunjungan kerja anggota DPRD
10
7.8
5.5
Tingkat penggunakan fungsi-fungsi kontrol DPRD terhadap Gubernur
10.0 7.1
2.4 9
Government Transparency Index: Sumbar, Gorontalo, and West Papua Â
Sumbar
Gorontalo
TRANSPARENCY
3.6
Ada lidaknya publikasi PERDA dan PerGub yang bisa diakses secara lengkap melalui web
5.5
Papbar
5.8 5.5
2.8
5.5
Publikasi KUA (Kebijakan Umum anggaran Nota Keuangan, dan PPAS (Prioritas dan Plafon Anggaran Sementara) Web
1
Publikasi APBD provinsi di web
1
5.5
1
Publikasi Pergub APBD provinsi d web
1
5.5
1
Publikasi pertanggungjawaban APBD di website
1
5.5
1
Akses publik terhadap informasi hasil-hasil rapat koordinasi antara gubernur dg Kab/Kota
1
Akses publik terhadap informasi hasil-hasil rapat koordinasi antara Gubernur dan DPRD
10
7.0
5.5
5.5
1
5.5
5.5
New Province vs. “Original” Province
Performance Comparison: Government and Bureaucracy
Index By Arena
Gender Balance Index 9.16
Sulaw e s i utara 8.31
Gor ontalo Sum ate ra Bar at
8.31
Sum ate r a Se latan
7.75
Nus a Te nggar a Tim ur
7.56
Kalim antan Te ngah
7.28
Maluk u
7.28
Sulaw e s i Se latan
7.28
Be ngkulu
7.00 6.63
Lam pung
6.63
Sulaw e s i Te ngah Jam bi
6.53
Ke pulauan Riau
6.34
Sulaw e s i Barat
6.16 5.59
m aluk u Utara
5.41
Papua Nanggro Ace h D
5.31
DI Yogyak ar ta
5.13
Jaw a Barat
4.75 4.75
Jaw a Te ngah 4.28
Jaw a Tim ur DKI Jak arta
4.19
Kalim antan Tim ur
4.19
Kalim antan Se latan
4.00 3.91
Papua Barat Sulaw e s i Utara
3.91
Sum ate ra utar a
3.81
bangk a Be litung
3.63 3.53
Riau
3.44
Kalim antan Barat Bante n
2.88
Nus a Te nggara Barat Bali
2.59 1.94
PGI and Other Measures Correlation of PGI and HDI 10.00 9.00 8.00 7.00
PGI
6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
r = 0.31*
1.00 60
62
64
66
68
HD I
70
72
74
76
78
PGI and Other Measures Correlation of PGI - Government Index and Human Development Index 10.00 9.00 8.00
G ovt Index
7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
r = 0.21*
1.00 60
62
64
66
68
H DI
70
72
74
76
78
PGI and Other Measures Correlation of PGI – Bureaucracy Index and Human Development Index 10.00 9.00
B ureau Index
8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
r = 0.35**
1.00 60
65
70
HDI
75
80
PGI and Other Measures Correlation of PGI – Bureaucracy and Poverty 10.00 9.00 8.00
B ureau Index
7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
r = - 0.38**
1.00 5
10
15
20
25
P ov erty
30
35
40
45
PGI and Other Measures Correlation of Government – Accountability and Human Development Index 10.00 9.00
A c c ountability
8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
r = 0.03
1.00 60
62
64
66
68
HDI
70
72
74
76
78
PGI and Other Measures Correlation of Government - Accountability and Poverty 10.00 9.00
A c c ountability
8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
r = - 0.12
1.00 5
10
15
20
25
P ov erty
30
35
40
45
PGI and Other Measures Correlation of Government - Transparency and Poverty 10.00 9.00
T rans parenc y
8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
r = 0.39**
1.00 60
62
64
66
68
HDI
70
72
74
76
78
PGI and Other Measures Correlation of Government – Transparency and APM 10.00 9.00
T rans parenc y
8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
r = 0.45***
1.00 50
55
60
65
AP M
70
75
80
PGI and Other Measures Correlation of PGI – Government Fairness and HDI 10.00 9.00 8.00
F airnes s
7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
r = 0.52***
1.00 60
62
64
66
68
HDI
70
72
74
76
78