105英文科指考解析 by 三民外文組

大學入學考試中心 105 學年度指定科目考試英文考科

試題詳解與分析>>>>

課本用三民，指考輕鬆拿高分！字彙測驗 ‧於每課精心編列高中學生必備單字、衍生字、詞類變化，提供情境完整的例句，力求學生能熟悉單字的正確用法，單字學習夠紮實！ ‧全國首創詞彙得分大力丸單元──Word File 統整字首、字尾造字概念，於本套教材一至六冊詳實介紹，幫助學生延伸單字量、增強拆解與拼湊字彙的能力！ 增列常見搭配用語，讓學生於單字例句之外，更能全面地掌握該字詞用法！ 針對該課主題補充主題性單字，讓學生學習更多專業的說法，提升自我英文能力！閱讀測驗 ‧每課課文的 Reading Task 單元引導學生怎麼讀課文，怎麼抓文章重點。小小方格蘊藏閱讀文章的大智慧！ 以問題的型式讓學生邊讀邊找答案，實際操作 skimming、scanning 等閱讀技巧。再長篇的文章也能信手拈來，讀出興趣！ 暗示學生該篇文章重點所在，利用平時看課文的時間作深度閱讀訓練。大考四篇閱讀測驗僅是小 case！ ‧課文頁後尚有 Comprehension Check 單元，供學生立即檢視文章吸收程度，有助學生複習該篇課文重點。 針對 Reading Task 的問題或提示設計簡單不費時的題目，動動腦作答，增加學生對學習英文的信心，又能達到學習英文的效果！ 針對課文內容設計選擇題，並融入大考常見閱讀測驗題型，如主旨題(main idea)、細節題(which of the following statements is true)、推論題(inference)等，及早練習，及早上手！ ‧課文主題豐富而多元，舉凡健康生活、外國節慶、多元文化、創意發想、本土風情、生命教育、文學人物介紹等等，應有盡有，帶領學生探索不同專業領域，面對大考閱測文章再也不害怕！翻譯與寫作 ‧Patterns In Use 單元以基礎句型堆疊而上，循序漸進介紹進階句型，輔以練習題提供學生活用的機會。有了句型單元的加持，輕鬆翻譯好句子！ ‧一至六冊系統化的寫作單元，詳細介紹各類寫作文體，論說文、記敘文或是應用文皆涵括編列，讓學生駕輕就熟，文章下筆如有神！

第壹部分：選擇題(占 72 分) 一、詞彙(占10分) 說明︰第1題至第10題，每題有4個選項，其中只有一個是正確或最適當的選項，請畫記在答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。各題答對者，得1分；答錯、未作答或畫記多於一個選項者，該題以零分計算。 1. Microscopes are used in medical research labs for studying bacteria or ______ that are too small to be visible to the naked eye. (A) agencies

(B) codes

(D) indexes

在醫學實驗室中，顯微鏡被用來研究因太小而無法以肉眼看到的細菌或病菌。 (A) 代理機構

(B) 密碼

(D) 索引

【解析】本句主詞是顯微鏡，可知其用途是要觀察細小的生物或物體，且由線索關代子句that are too small to be visible to the naked eye可知先行詞必定是微小物，故選(C) germs。【補充】  too . . . to . . . 太…而不能…  the naked eye 肉眼 2. Lisa hopped on her bicycle and ______ as fast as she could through the dark narrow backstreets to get home after working the night shift. (A) bounced

(B) commuted

(D) pedaled

上完夜班後，Lisa跳上她的單車，儘快騎過又黑又窄的偏僻街道回家。 (A) 彈跳

(B) 通勤

(D) 騎(腳踏車)

【解析】  由文意知道Lisa在上夜班後，跳上單車騎過又黑又窄的偏僻街道，從as fast as she could可猜測應感到害怕而騎得很快，答案應選(D) pedaled。  本題也可由bicycle選出搭配的動詞pedaled。 3. Rated as one of the top restaurants of the city, this steak house is highly ______ to visitors by the tourism bureau. (A) encountered

(B) recommended

(D) speculated

這間牛排館被評為城市的頂級餐廳之一，觀光局大力推薦它給觀光客。 (A) 遇到

(B) 推薦

(D) 猜測

【解析】  由文意「這間牛排館被列為城市的頂級餐廳之一」，可推知它受到觀光局的大力推薦，因此本題選(B) recommended。  tourism bureau 觀光局。 4. The manager ______ agreed to rent his apartment to me. Even though the agreement was not put in writing, I am sure he will keep his word. (A) barely

(B) stably

(D) massively

經理口頭上答應要租他的公寓給我。雖然沒有書面的合約，我相信他會守信。 3

(A) 勉強可能

(B) 穩固地

(D) 巨大地

【解析】由從屬連接詞Even though引導讓步子句可知前後二句意思相反。後句表示即使並未簽訂合約，說話者仍相信經理會守信，可回推前句表示經理口頭答應要租房給說話者，答案選(C) verbally。【補充】 keep one’s word 遵守諾言 break one’s word 不守諾言 eat one’s words 收回前言；承認錯誤 5. For Jerry, practicing yoga three times a week is a relaxing ______ from his tight work schedule. (A) diversion

(B) medication

(D) fulfillment

對Jerry而言，一週做三次瑜珈是針對滿滿工作日程的放鬆活動。 (A) 消遣

(B) 藥物

(D) 滿足

【解析】由文意「滿滿的工作日程」與「一週做三次瑜珈」可得知兩者性質是相對的，故可推知應選(A) diversion。 6. Parents could be charged with neglect or abandonment if they leave their young children home alone without adult ______. (A) intuition

(B) supervision

(D) obligation

父母若將幼兒獨自留在家而沒有成人監督，會被指控疏失或遺棄。 (A) 直覺

(B) 監督

(D) 義務

【解析】由文意「父母若將幼兒獨自遺留在家」可推知後面表示「沒有成人監督」，故選(B) supervision。 7. Walking at a ______ pace for a shorter amount of time burns more calories than walking at a slow pace for a longer period of time. (A) joyous

(B) superb

(D) decent

用較短的時間快走，比用較長的時間慢步消耗更多卡路里。 (A) 愉悅的

(B) 極佳的

(D) 像樣的

【解析】由more . . . than的結構可知二個動名詞在做比較，應找相對的形容詞，從後文意「比慢走消耗更多卡路里」可推知答案應選(C) brisk。 8. Plants and animals in some deserts must cope with a climate of ______—freezing winters and very hot summers. (A) extremes

(B) forecasts

(D) homelands

生長在某些沙漠的動植物必須要對付極端的氣候──嚴寒的冬季和酷熱的夏季。 (A) 極端

(B) 預報

(D) 祖國

【解析】由於破折號有補充說明的功用，可知freezing winters and very hot summers是用於說明前一個名詞，極冷與極熱都是極端氣候的特色，故選(A) extremes。 9. The success of J.K. Rowling is ______, with her Harry Potter series making her a multi-millionaire in just a few years. (A) eligible

(B) marginal

(D) legendary

J·K·羅琳的成功是傳奇性的，哈利波特系列讓她在幾年內就成為千萬富翁。 (A) 有資格的

(B) 邊緣的

(D) 傳奇性的

【解析】 with + O + OC的結構表示附帶狀況，由with引導的介系詞片語「哈利波特系列讓她在幾年內就成為千萬富翁」可反推J.K. 羅琳的成功很具傳奇性，故答案為(D) legendary。 10. The high-tech company’s ______ earnings surely made its shareholders happy since they were getting a good return on their investment. (A) robust

(B) solitary

(D) terminal

這家高科技公司強勁的收益讓股東們十分開心，因為他們的投資都有豐厚的報酬。 (A) 強勁的

(B) 單獨的

(D) 病危的

【解析】 since引導的子句表示原因，指出股東們投資回本，可回推該公司的收益必定很強勁，讓他們很滿意，故選(A) robust。二、綜合測驗(占10分) 說明︰第11題至第20題，每題一個空格，請依文意選出最適當的一個選項，請畫記在答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。各題答對者，得1分；答錯、未作答或畫記多於一個選項者，該題以零分計算。第 11 至 15 題為題組 Have you been irritated by someone standing too close in line, talking too loud or making eye contact for too long? Or, they may have

you with the loud music from their

earphones, or by taking up more than one seat on a crowded subway car. You feel unhappy because your personal space has been violated. According to scientists, personal space involves certain invisible forces imposed on you through all the

. For example, people may feel their space is being invaded when they

experience an unwelcome sound, smell, or stare. In certain situations such as in crowded subway cars or elevators, it is not always possible for people to keep their

distance from others. They learn coping strategies to deal with

their discomfort. For instance, people often avoid eye contact with someone standing

them, or they pretend that these people are lifeless objects in their personal space. Given the opportunity, they may

to a corner, putting distance between themselves and strangers. 5

Or, they may sit or stand equidistant from one another like birds on a wire. 你是否曾經因為他人排隊時站得太近、講話太大聲或是眼神接觸太久而感到惱怒呢？或者，他人耳機音樂太大聲或是在擁擠的電車裡佔一個以上的位置而11侵犯到你，你感到不開心是因為你的個人領域被侵犯了。根據科學家表示，個人空間包含透過所有 12 感官施加於人身上的特定隱形力量。比方說，人們會因為不舒服的聲音、味道或目光而感覺他們的空間被侵犯。在特定的情況下，像是擁擠的電車或是電梯，人們無法一直與其他人保持 13 希望的距離。他們學會採用某些對策來因應不適感。例如，人們會避免與站得 14 接近自己的人有眼神接觸，或是會假裝這些人是他們的個人領域裡的無生命物體。若有機會，人們會 15 退到角落，讓自己與陌生人之間保持距離，或是，他們可能與他人等距離坐著或站著，像是站在電線上的鳥兒們。 11. (A) offended (A) 侵犯

(B) controlled

(D) supplied

(D) 提供

(B) 控制

【解析】本文以問句開始，詢問讀者關於個人空間被侵犯的經驗。本句接續假設他人可能影響讀者個人領域的行為。由本句提到的例子，他人耳機音樂太大聲，可知會使人不舒服，而讓人感到被侵犯的感覺，答案選(A) offended。 12. (A) angles

(B) events

(D) regions

(A) 角度

(B) 事件

(D) 區域

【解析】本格後的例子指出人們會因為不舒服的聲音、味道或目光而感覺空間被侵犯，可回推本句說明個人空間包含透過所有感官施加於人身上的隱形力量，故答案選(C) senses。 13. (A) prefer (A) 較希望

(B) preferring

(B) 較希望

(D) being preferred (D) 較希望

【解析】本題測驗分詞轉化為形容詞的用法。由句意人們無法總能與其他人保持希望的距離，可知在distance之前的prefer應選過去分詞形表示被動意義，意為「被喜好的，被希望的」，故答案選(C) preferred。 14. (A) long before (A) 很早之前

(B) close to

(D) soon after

(B) 接近

(D) 不久之後

【解析】前二句指出因為人們無法總是保持希望的距離，而會採用某些對策來因應不適感，可知本句所舉的例子為人們會避免與站得接近自己的人有眼神接觸，所以答案選(B) close to。 15. (A) retreat (A) 後退

(B) explore

(D) connect

(B) 探索

(D) 連接

【解析】本句使用分詞構句結構，指出若有機會，人們會讓自己與陌生人之間保持距離，可回推他們應是退到角落，所以選(A) retreat。

第 16 至 20 題為題組 Alan Turing was one of the leading scientific geniuses of the 20th century. Many scholars 6

consider him the father of modern computer science. He was also the man who cracked the 16

uncrackable Enigma code used by Nazi Germany. His code-breaking turned the tide of

World War II and helped save two million lives. Nevertheless,

people have even heard

his name. Turing displayed signs of high intelligence in math and science at a young age. By the time he was 23, he had already come up with the idea of what

the modern

computer—the Turing machine. Today, Turing machines are still used in theoretical computation. He also proposed the now famous Turing test, used to determine whether a computer exhibits intelligent behavior equivalent to that of a human. The postwar era, however, was a disaster for Turing. He was gay, which was then a crime in Britain.

being hailed as one of the crucial figures in defeating the Nazis, Turing was

convicted of “gross indecency.” This

drove him to commit suicide in 1954, at the age

of 41. Nearly 60 years after his death, Queen Elizabeth II granted Turing a formal pardon for his conviction, upon an online petition signed by prominent scientists and technology leaders around the world. 艾倫·圖靈為 20 世紀最重要的科學天才之一。許多學者視他為現代電腦科學之父。他也破解了 16 據稱無法破解的德國納粹密碼系統 Enigma。他的解碼扭轉了第二次世界大戰的局勢，並救了兩百萬條性命。然而，17 很少人聽過他的名字。圖靈在年輕時就顯露出在數學與科學領域頂尖的聰明才智。他在 23 歲時便想出了日後 18 將成為現代電腦的圖靈機。到今日，圖靈機仍被用於理論計算。他也提出了現代有名的圖靈測試，用於判定電腦是否能展現相同於人類的智能行為。然而，戰後時期對圖靈來說是場災難。他是一名男同性戀者，在當時的英國為一種罪行。圖靈沒有因身為擊敗納粹的關鍵角色之一獲得讚揚，19 反而被判「嚴重猥褻罪」。這個 20 恥辱使他於 1954 年自殺，享年 41 歲。在他死後將近 60 年，基於一份由來自世界各地的傑出科學家及科技領導者所連署的線上請願書，英國女王伊莉莎白二世同意正式赦免圖靈的罪名。 16. (A) eventually (A) 最終地

(B) precisely (B) 精確地

(D) supposedly

(D) 據稱地

【解析】本格前有cracked，後又為uncrackable，可知應是表示Alan Turing破解據稱無法破解的德國納粹密碼系統Enigma，故答案應選(D) supposedly。 17. (A) many

(B) some

(D) few

(A) 許多

(B) 一些

(D) 很少

【解析】前句表示他的解碼扭轉二次大戰的局勢，由轉折語nevertheless可知前後句的意思相反，推知後句應是說很少人聽過其名，故答案選(D) few。 18. (A) would become

(B) should become

(A) 將會變成(過去式)(B) 應該變成(C) 能已經變成(過去式)(D) 已經變成(過去式) 【解析】由前後文意得知，他在23歲時即提出圖靈機的模型，日後成為現代電腦的邏輯運算方式，可知應用未來式will，但整句在描述圖靈的事蹟，時態基點為過去 7

式，必須將will改成過去式would，故答案選(A) would become。 19. (A) Because of (A) 因為…

(B) Instead of

(B) 而不是…

(D) With respect to (D) 就…而言

【解析】前面幾段說明Turing的偉大貢獻，此段以however與disaster點出轉折。本句前半部為正面意思的描述，後半部指出他被控猥褻，可推測應是以instead of接續未發生的事情，因此本格應選(B) Instead of。 20. (A) compromise (A) 妥協

(B) procession

(D) supplement

(B) 隊列

(D) 補充

【解析】由上下文意可知，對Turing而言，猥褻的指控是種羞辱，迫使他選擇結束自己的生命，故答案選(C) humiliation。

三、文意選填(占 10 分) 說明：第 21 題至第 30 題，每題一個空格。請依文意在文章後所提供的(A)到(L) 選項中分別選出最適當者，並將其英文字母代號畫記在答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。各題答對者，得 1 分；答錯、未作答或畫記多於一個選項者，該題以零分計算。第 21 至 30 題為題組 The Great Sphinx in the Giza desert is a mythological creature with the body of a lion and the head of a human being. This monumental

is often regarded as a national symbol of

Egypt, having guarded the famous Egyptian pyramids for 4,000 years. Nevertheless, the stone creature does not look like it did 4,000 years ago; wind, water, pollution, and human contact have slowly

the rock. Scientists are now trying to restore it. They not only want it to

look like it did when it was first built but also are looking for ways to keep it from

more than it has. Fixing the Sphinx, however, is not an easy job. It takes several years of the work begins. Each stone in the Sphinx is carefully

before

. Scientists use computers to help

figure out the size and shape of each stone. Each old stone is given a number. Then, one by one, replacement stones are carved by hand, just like people did long ago, in the shapes as the ones they are replacing. When the new stones are ready, they are

26 27

sizes and and the

worn ones removed. Scientists are also worried about how to keep the Sphinx from falling apart again. They have talked about

a wall around the Sphinx to protect it from the wind and sand, or

perhaps covering it completely with a glass pyramid. Some think that burying part of it in the sand would serve the purpose. One scientist has even suggested building a

shelter to

protect it at night and during bad weather. The walls of the shelter could be retracted into the ground during the day so that visitors could see the Sphinx. There are no easy solutions to the

, not to mention solutions that are agreeable to

all parties. The one thing that is agreed upon is that something needs to be done to protect this 8

ancient sculpture. 獅身人面像是在吉薩沙漠一座有著獅子的身體和人類的頭部的神獸。這座巨大的 21 雕像常被視作埃及的國家象徵，其守護著這些著名的埃及金字塔已有 4 千年。然而，這座石像的面貌已不如 4 千年前，風、水、汙染和人類的觸摸逐漸地讓岩石 22 老化。科學家現在試著要修復它。他們不但想要它看起來跟當初剛建造好時一樣，也尋找方法使其不要再 23 惡化。然而，修繕獅身人面像並不容易。在動工前，花了好幾年 24 計畫。在獅身人面像裡的每塊石頭都被仔細 25 測量。科學家利用電腦來算出每塊石頭的大小和形狀。每塊石頭都被給予一個編號。接著，要替換的石塊一塊又一塊以徒手依照他們要複製的石塊的 26 確切大小和形狀雕刻出來，就像人們在很久之前做的一樣。當這些新做的石塊完成時，新的被 27 裝置上去，而已毀損的則被移除。科學家也擔心如何防止獅身人面像再次崩解。他們討論著要在獅身人面像的周圍 28 建造一道牆來保護它免於風力和塵土的侵蝕，或是建一座玻璃金字塔來完善地保護它。有些人則認為將部分的獅身人面像埋入土中可以滿足這個訴求。一名科學家甚至建議建造一個 29 可移動的屏障在夜晚和壞天氣時保護它。這種屏障的牆面在白天的時候可以收回到地面上好讓遊客看見獅身人面像。對於這個 30 問題，並沒有簡單的解決方法，更不用說是要獲得所有人都同意的方案。唯一一件被認同的即是保護這座古老雕像這件事。 (A) movable

(B) installed

(D) problem

(E) aged

(F) planning

(G) measured

(H) constructing

(I) exact

(J) deteriorating

(K) statue

(L) religious

(A) 可移動的 adj.

(B) 安裝 vt.

(D) 問題 n. [C]

(E) 使變老 vt.

(F) 計畫 n. [U]

(G) 測量 vt. (J) 品質變壞 vi.

(H) 建造 vt. (K) 雕像 n. [C]

(I) 確切的 adj. (L) 宗教的 adj.

【解析】 21. This monumental _____ is often regarded as . . .，本空格在形容詞monumental之後，應填名詞，前句主詞為獅身人面像，可知本句應接續主詞，說明這座巨大的雕像常被視為埃及國家的象徵，故答案選(K) statue。 22. . . . human contact have slowly _____ the rock，本空格後有名詞，應填及物動詞，而前有have，可知時態為完成式，本格應為過去分詞。由文意得知風刮、雨打、污染與人類的觸碰慢慢讓雕像的岩石老化，故答案選(E) aged。 23. . . . are looking for ways to keep it from ____ more than it has，本空格在介系詞from之後，應填名詞或動名詞。前句指出科學家要嘗試修復獅身人面像，本句承接文意說明科學家不僅要讓它回復初建時的外形還要設法阻止它繼續崩壞，故答案為(J) deteriorating。 24. It takes several years of _____ before the work begins，本空格在介系詞of之後，應填名詞或動名詞，由文意可知修復獅身人面像並非易事，在動工前會需要數年的計畫， 9

故答案選plan的動名詞形(F) planning。 25. Each stone in the Sphinx is carefully _____，本空格前有be動詞is，又有副詞carefully，判斷應填過去分詞組成被動語態的結構。由後句文意科學家用電腦計算出每個石塊的大小與形狀，可推測必須仔細測量，故答案應選(G) measured。 26. . . . replacement stones are carved by hand, . . . , in the ____ sizes and shapes as the ones they are replacing，本空格前有定冠詞the，後有名詞sizes and shapes，應填形容詞，由文意得知取代的石塊依照舊石塊確實的大小與形狀以手工刻成，故答案選(I) exact。 27. When the new stones are ready, they are _____ and the worn ones removed，本空格在be 動詞are之後，可填形容詞或分詞，後半句指出老舊的石塊被移除，可回推前半句應表示新的石塊在準備好後就被安裝，故答案選過去分詞 (B) installed。 28. They have talked about _____ a wall around the Sphinx . . . ，本空格前有介系詞 about，後有受詞 a wall，應填入由及物動詞變化的動名詞，從文意可知科學家考慮要在獅身人面像周圍建造一道牆保護，使其不受風與沙的侵蝕，故選(H) constructing。 29. One scientist has even suggested building a _____ shelter to protect it at night and during bad weather，本空格在名詞shelter之前，應填形容詞，後句指出為了讓遊客能見到獅身人面像，保護牆在白天應該要能縮到地底，可知科學家建議的保護牆應該是可移動式的，故答案選(A) movable。 30. There are no easy solutions to the ______，本空格在定冠詞 the 之後，應填名詞，可由搭配詞用法 solutions to the problem 推知答案為(D) problem。四、篇章結構(占10分) 說明：第31題至第35題，每題一個空格。請依文意在文章後所提供的(A)到(F)選項中分別選出最適當者，填入空格中，使篇章結構清晰有條理，並將其英文字母代號畫記在答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。各題答對者，得2分；答錯、未作答或畫記多於一個選項者，該題以零分計算。第 31 至 35 題為題組 Starting a business on one’s own can be quite challenging and costly. To reduce the risks involved in starting a business from scratch, many people buy a franchise instead.

Under the license, the individual acquires the right to use the big company’s brand name and agrees to sell its products. The concept of the franchise dates back to the 19th century in the U.S.

Then, in

the 1930s, Howard Johnson restaurants skyrocketed in popularity, paving the way for restaurant chains and the subsequent franchises that would define the unprecedented rise of the American fast-food industry. There are many advantages to investing in a franchise. One of the benefits is the ready-made business operation.

Depending on the franchise, the franchisor company

may offer support in training and financial planning. Some even provide assistance with 10

approved suppliers. To new business owners, the most recognized advantage of a franchise is perhaps the well-established brand name of the franchisor such as that of McDonald’s.

Disadvantages include heavy start-up costs as well as ongoing royalty costs on the part of the franchisee. To take the McDonald’s example further, the estimated minimum cost for a franchisee to start a McDonald’s is US$500,000. And it has to pay an annual fee equivalent to 12% of its sales to McDonald’s.

Other disadvantages include lack of territory control

or creativity with one’s own business. (A) Whether a franchise is profitable or not depends largely on the nature of the business. (B) Research has shown that customers tend to choose a brand they recognize over one they don’t. (C) A franchise comes with a built-in business formula including products, services, and even employee uniforms. (D) Moreover, the franchisee is given no right to renew or extend the franchise after the term of the contract. (E) The most famous example was Isaac Singer, who created franchises to distribute his sewing machines to larger areas. (F) A franchise is a license issued by a large, usually well-known, company to an individual or a small business owner. 自行創業可以是充滿挑戰且所費不眥的。為了減少白手起家創業所涉及的風險，許多人取而代之的是購買經銷權。31 經銷權是由大而且通常知名的公司核發給個體或小公司的許可。有了此許可後，該個體有權使用大公司的品牌與銷售其商品。經銷權的概念可以追溯至 19 世紀的美國。32 最有名的例子是 Issac Singer，他發想了經銷權的概念好讓他的縫紉機能派送到更廣大的地區。接著在 1930 年代，Howard Johnson 餐廳大受歡迎，為連鎖餐廳及之後定義美國速食業空前成長的經銷加盟鋪路。投資經銷權有許多好處。其中之一是現成的公司營運方式。33 經銷權有著固定的規則，包括產品、服務，甚至員工制服。視經銷權而定，授予該特權的公司會提供訓練與財務規劃的支援。有些甚至會提供認可供應商的協助。對於創業新鮮人來說，經銷權最明顯的好處或許是授予該特權的公司已深根蒂固的商標吧，例如像是麥當勞金字招牌。 34

研究顯示消費者傾向於選擇他們認得的商標勝於不認得的品牌。經銷權的缺點包含了龐大的開辦費以及特許經營者需持續支付的權利金。再以麥當

勞為例，特許經營者開辦一間麥當勞，保守估計最低的花費為50萬美元。而且還必須支付等同於銷售額12%的年費予麥當勞授權方。35此外，特許經營者在合約終止後無權更新或延長經營權。其他的壞處包括了缺乏對地區的控管以及個人事業的創新。【解析】 31. 本格後一句提到Under the license，用了定冠詞the，由冠詞的使用規則判斷，回推本格應該也提到license，且首次提及的名詞應使用不定冠詞a，因此(F)為可能選項。進一步由文意檢視，(F)選項「經銷權是由大而且通常有名的公司核發給個體或小公 11

司的許可。」，與本格後句「有了此許可後，該個體有權使用大公司的品牌與銷售其商品」，文意順暢，故確定答案為(F)。 32. 本格前句說明經銷權概念開端於19世紀，後句以Then開頭，表示本格與後句文意有同性質關係。由後句描述Howard Johnson餐廳核發經銷權的例子，可回推本格應該也是舉出例子承接第一句的文意，故選(E)「最有名的例子是Issac Singer，他發想了經銷權的概念好讓他的縫紉機能派送到更廣大的地區」。 33. 本格前句說明經銷權的好處之一是現成的公司營運方式，後句亦描述擁有經銷權的好處，即公司會提供訓練與財務規劃的支援，可見本格應接續前句論點繼續闡述有經銷權的優點，故答案選(C)「經銷權有著固定的規則，包括產品、服務，甚至員工制服」。 34. 本格前句表示經銷權最明顯的好處是已深根蒂固的商標，與選項(B)提及的brand相呼應，得知答案為(B)「研究顯示消費者傾向於選擇他們認得的商標勝於不認得的品牌」。 35. 由主題句來看，本文末段旨在闡述有經銷權的缺點，推測本格也應選描述缺點的句子。由句意可知(D)「此外，特許經營者在合約終止後無權更新或延長經營權」說明缺點，與本段主旨呼應，故確定答案為(D)。五、閱讀測驗(占32分) 說明︰第36題至第51題，每題請分別根據各篇文章之文意選出最適當的一個選項，請畫記在答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。各題答對者，得2分；答錯、未作答或畫記多於一個選項者，該題以零分計算。第 36 至 39 題為題組 Some people call it a traveling museum. Others refer to it as a living or open-air museum. Built in Brazil to celebrate the quincentennial of Columbus’ first voyage to the New World, the Nina, a Columbus-era replica ship, provides visitors with an accurate visual of the size and sailing implements of Columbus’ favorite ship from over 500 years ago. I joined the crew of the Nina in Gulf Shores, Alabama, in February 2013. As part of a research project sponsored by my university, my goal was to document my days aboard the ship in a blog. I quickly realized that I gained the most valuable insights when I observed or gave tours to school-age children. The field-trip tour of the Nina is hands-on learning at its best. In this setting, students could touch the line, pass around a ballast stone, and move the extremely large tiller that steered the ships in Columbus’ day. They soon came to understand the labor involved in sailing the ship back in his time. I was pleased to see the students become active participants in their learning process. The Nina is not the only traveling museum that provides such field trips. A visit to Jamestown Settlement, for example, allows visitors to board three re-creations of the ships that brought the first settlers from England to Virginia in the early 1600s. Historical interpreters, dressed in period garb, give tours to the Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery. These 12

interpreters often portray a character that would have lived and worked during that time period. Students touring these ships are encouraged to interact with the interpreters in order to better understand the daily life in the past. My experience on the Nina helps substantiate my long-held belief that students stay interested, ask better questions, and engage in higher-order thinking tasks when they are actively engaged in the learning process. The students who boarded the Nina came as passive learners. They left as bold explorers. 有些人稱它為移動的博物館，另一些人說它是活的博物館或露天博物館。妮娜號為了慶祝哥倫布首航新世界五百週年而建造於巴西，是一艘仿哥倫布時期的複製船。她讓遊客能一窺500餘年前哥倫布最愛的船隻的噸位及航海設備。我在2013年2月於阿拉巴馬州的格爾夫海岸成為妮娜號的船員。作為一項由我的大學贊助的研究計畫的一部分，我的目標是在網誌上紀錄我在船上的生活。我很快的發現，我從觀察或帶領學齡兒童參訪的活動中，得到了最珍貴的見解。在妮娜號上參觀是最好的最棒的實際體驗課程。在這樣的環境中，學生們可以觸摸繩索、傳遞壓艙石，並且移動在哥倫布時期用來操控航向的巨大舵柄。他們馬上就能瞭解當時航行所需要的勞力。我很高興看到學生們在這項學習活動中變得主動參與。妮娜號不是唯一提供此類校外教學活動的移動博物館。舉例來說，詹姆斯鎮殖民地讓遊客能夠登上1600年代初期載運從英格蘭到維吉尼亞州的第一批移民者的三艘複製船。歷史解說員穿著古裝，帶領遊客參觀蘇珊．康斯坦號、神佑號及發現號這三艘船，他們化身為當年在殖民地生活及工作的人。這項參訪鼓勵學生與解說員互動，好讓他們更瞭解當時的日常生活型態。我在妮娜號上的經驗協助證實了我長久已來的信念：在學生們主動學習的過程中，會對事物保持興趣、提出有深度的問題、並且深入思考。學生來參訪妮娜號時還是被動的學習者，參訪完畢後就變成勇敢的探險家了。 36. What line of business is the author engaged in? (A) Shipping.

(B) Education.

(D) Museum administration.

作者從事什麼職業？ (A) 運輸業。

(B) 教育。

(D) 博物館經營。

【說明】由第二段第二句可以得知，作者在大學從事研究，因此答案應選(B)。 37. Which of the following is true about the Nina introduced in the passage? (A) She is a replica of a ship that Columbus built in Brazil. (B) She is always crowded with foreign tourists during holidays. (C) She is the boat Columbus sailed in his voyage to the New World. (D) She displays a replica of the navigational equipment used in Columbus’ time. 下列何者關於本文中妮娜號的敘述為真？ (A) 她是哥倫布在巴西所建造的船的複製品。 13

(B) 她在假日時總是擠滿了外國觀光客。 (C) 她是哥倫布航向新世界所搭乘的船。 (D) 她展示了在哥倫布時代使用的航海裝備的複製品。【說明】(A) 第一段第三句說明她是為了慶祝哥倫布航向新世界五百週年而在巴西建造的複製船，可知本選項為錯誤敘述；(B) 本文未提及；(C) 根據第一段第三句可知她是複製船；(D) 第一段第三句指出她是仿哥倫布時代的複製船(a Columbus-era replica ship)，讓遊客體驗航海設備(provides visitors with an accurate visual of the size and sailing implements of Columbus’ favorite ship)，故答案選(D)。 38. What is the third paragraph mainly about? (A) Guidelines for visitors on the ships. (B) Life of the first settlers in Jamestown Settlement. (C) Duties of the interpreters in the British museums. (D) Introduction to some open-air museums similar to the Nina. 第三段的的大意為何？ (A) 給登船參觀遊客的準則。 (B) 詹姆斯鎮殖民地首批移民的生活。 (C) 英國博物館解說員的義務。 (D) 對於一些類似妮娜號露天博物館的介紹。【說明】第三段的主旨句說明妮娜號不是唯一提供此類校外考察旅行的海上博物館，第二句接著提及詹姆斯鎮有古船讓遊客體驗的例子，可知本段旨在介紹相似於妮娜號的其他博物館，因此答案為(D)。 39. What does the author mean by the last two sentences of the passage? (A) The students are interested in becoming tour guides. (B) The experience has changed the students’ learning attitude. (C) The students become brave and are ready to sail the seas on their own. (D) The museums are successful in teaching the students survival skills at sea. 作者在本文最後二句要表達的意思為何？ (A) 學生們有興趣成為導遊。 (B) 這旅遊經驗改變了學生的學習態度。 (C) 學生們變得勇敢而且也準備好要自行出海航行。 (D) 博物館成功教導學生海上求生技巧。【說明】作者在最後一段指出，妮娜號的登船經驗證實了其信念：當學生於學習過程中主動參與就會有更好的學習表現，由此可知最後二句表達的是學生學習態度經由登妮娜號產生興趣而改變，故答案為(B)。第 40 至 43 題為題組 An ancient skull unearthed recently indicates that big cats originated in central Asia—not 14

Africa as widely thought, paleontologists reported on Wednesday. Dated at between 4.1 and 5.95 million years old, the fossil is the oldest remains ever found of a pantherine felid, as big cats are called. The previous felid record holder—tooth fragments found in Tanzania—is estimated to be around 3.8 million years old. The evolution of big cats has been hotly discussed, and the issue is complicated by a lack of fossil evidence to settle the debate. “This find suggests that big cats have a deeper evolutionary origin than previously suspected,” said Jack Tseng, a paleontologist of the University of Southern California who led the probe. Tseng and his team made the find in 2010 in a remote border region in Tibet. The fossil was found stuck among more than 100 bones that were probably deposited by a river that exited a cliff. After three years of careful comparisons with other fossils, using DNA data to build a family tree, the team is convinced the creature was a pantherine felid. The weight of evidence suggests that central or northern Asia is where big cats originated some 16 million years ago. They may have lived in a vast mountain refuge, formed by the uplifting Himalayas, feeding on equally remarkable species such as the Tibetan blue sheep. They then dispersed into Southeast Asia, evolving into the clouded leopard, tiger and snow leopard lineages, and later movements across continents saw them evolve into jaguars and lions. The newly discovered felid has been called Panthera Blytheae, after Blythe Haaga, daughter of a couple who support a museum in Los Angeles, the university said in a news release. 古生物學家們在星期三提出報告，一顆最近被挖掘出的頭骨顯示了大型貓科動物源自中亞—而非一般認知的非洲。這化石的存在時間可以被追溯至約410萬到595萬年前，同時，這化石是貓科動物中的豹亞科，也就是大型貓科動物中，現存最古老的。先前貓科化石的紀錄保持者—在坦尚尼亞被發現的牙齒碎片—估計大約存在了380萬年左右。大型貓科動物的演化一直以來都被熱烈討論，而這個議題因為缺乏化石證據來解決爭論所以相當複雜。南加州大學的古生物學家，同時也是這次探勘的召集人曾傑克表示：「這個發現顯示大型貓科動物的演化起源比先前所猜想的更加深遠。」曾先生和他的團隊在2010年於西藏遙遠的邊界地區發現了上述的化石。這化石被卡在一堆可能要被懸崖出海口的河水沖掉的100多塊骨頭中。在經過三年多與其它化石的仔細比對，利用DNA資料來建構族譜後，挖掘團隊確信這個生物屬於貓科動物中的豹亞科。這份證據的重要性足以顯示中亞或北亞是1600萬年前大型貓科動物起源的地方。他們可能住在由高聳的喜馬拉雅山系所組成的廣大山林裡尋求庇護，並靠著像是西藏藍羊這類引人注目的物種當食物來生存。接著，他們散佈進入東南亞，並演化成雲豹、老虎、 15

雪豹家族，而後在跨洲的移動中演化成美洲豹和獅子。南加州大學在一次的新聞發布中提到，這種新發現的貓科生物已經以洛杉磯的博物館資助者夫妻的女兒布里斯赫加來命名而被稱為布氏豹。 40. According to the passage, why is the origin of big cats a hot issue? (A) Because not many fossils have been found. (B) Because they moved across continents. (C) Because no equipment was available for accurate analysis. (D) Because they have evolved into many different species of felid. 根據本文，大型貓科動物的起源為何造成激烈爭論？ (A) 因為尚未有許多化石被發現。 (B) 因為牠們橫越許多大洲。 (C) 因為沒有設備可用作精確的分析。 (D) 因為牠們已經進化成許多不同種的貓科動物。【說明】由第三段後半句a lack of fossil evidence to settle the debate可知，缺乏化石證據可結束關於大型貓類動物起源爭論。故答案選(A)。 41. Where was the new felid fossil found? (A) In Tanzania.

(B) In Tibet.

(D) In Southeast Asia.

新的貓科動物化石在何處被發現？ (A) 在坦尚尼亞。 (B) 在西藏。

(D) 在東南亞。

【說明】第五段的第一句明確提到，古生物學者曾傑克與其團隊於2010在西藏偏僻邊界地區找到化石，故答案選(B)。 42. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true regarding big cats? (A) Some big cats evolved into jaguars 16 million years ago. (B) The oldest fossil of big cats ever discovered is 3.8 million years old. (C) Big cats are descendants of snow leopards living in high mountains. (D) Tibetan blue sheep was a main food source for big cats in the Himalayas. 根據本文，下列哪項關於大型貓科動物的敘述為真？ (A) 有些大型貓科動物在大約一千六百萬年前進化成美洲豹。 (B) 曾被發現的最古老大型貓科動物化石距今有380萬年。 (C) 大型貓科動物是住在高山的雪豹後代。 (D) 西藏藍羊是喜馬拉雅山中貓科動物的主要食物來源。【說明】(A) 第六段的第一句提及大型貓科動物在大約一千六百萬年前起源於中亞或北亞，本選項為錯誤敘述；(B) 第二段的第一句指出，最近發現的貓科動物化石距今有410萬到595萬年，較先前出土的化石更古老，故本選項為錯誤敘述；(C) 第六段的第三句說明大型貓科動物演化成雪豹等，可知大型貓科動物並非是雪豹的後代，得知本選項為錯誤敘述；(D) 第六段的第二句後半指出，大型貓科動物以同樣特別的動物為食，例如西藏藍羊。所以答案選(D)。 43. What is the purpose of this passage? 16

(A) To promote wildlife conservation. (B) To report on a new finding in paleontology. (C) To introduce a new animal species. (D) To compare the family trees of pantherine felids 本文的目的為何？ (A) 為了促進野生生物保育。 (B) 為了報導一項古生物學的新發現。 (C) 為了介紹一個新的物種。 (D) 為了比較貓科豹屬動物的系統。【說明】由全文得知本文都在描述因最新發現的化石所帶來的資訊。故答案選(B)。第 44 至 47 題為題組 American cooking programs have taught audiences, changed audiences, and changed with audiences from generation to generation. In October 1926, the U.S. Department of Agriculture created this genre’s first official representative, a fictional radio host named Aunt Sammy. Over the airwaves, she educated homemakers on home economics and doled out advice on all kinds of matters, but it was mostly the cooking recipes that got listeners’ attention. The show provided a channel for transmitting culinary advice and brought about a national exchange of recipes. Cooking shows transitioned to television in the 1940s, and in the 1950s were often presented by a cook systematically explaining instructions on how to prepare dishes from start to finish. These programs were broadcast during the day and aimed at middle-class women whose mindset leaned toward convenient foods for busy families. Poppy Cannon, for example, was a popular writer of The Can-Opener Cookbook. She appeared on various television shows, using canned foods to demonstrate how to cook quickly and easily. Throughout the sixties and seventies, a few chef-oriented shows redefined the genre as an exhibition of haute European cuisine by celebrity gourmet experts. This elite cultural aura then gave way to various cooking styles from around the world. An example of such change can be seen in Martin Yan’s 1982 “Yan Can Cook” series, which demonstrated Chinese cuisine cooking with the catchphrase, “If Yan can cook, you can too!” By the 1990s, these cooking shows ranged from high-culture to health-conscious cuisine, with chefs’ personalities and entertainment value being two keys to successful productions. At the beginning of the 21st century, new cooking shows emerged to satisfy celeb-hungry, reality-crazed audiences.

In this new millennium of out-of-studio shows and chef competition

reality shows, chefs have become celebrities whose fame rivals that of rock stars. Audiences of these shows tend to be people who are interested in food and enjoy watching people cook rather than those who want to do the cooking themselves, leaving the age-old emphasis on following recipes outmoded. 17

美國烹飪節目一直以來教導了許多觀眾，改變觀眾，又隨著一代代的觀眾改變進化。1926 年的 10 月，美國農業部開始了這項新的官方節目類別，一個由虛構主持人 Aunt Sammy 所主持的廣播節目。透過無線廣播，她教授許多的家庭主婦家政學，也對各式各樣的事情提供了許多意見，但是最受到聽眾歡迎的是烹飪食譜。這個節目提供了交換烹飪意見的管道，且引起了全國食譜交流的風潮。烹飪節目在 1940 年代轉至在電視節目上播出，且 1950 年代的烹飪節目通常請廚師有調理地講解如何從一開始食材的準備到一道料理的結束。這些節目在白天的時候播出，觀眾群鎖定在一心想為忙碌的家人提供方便食品的中產階級婦女。舉例來說，《開罐器食譜》的名作者 Poppy Cannon。她出現在各個電視節目當中，用罐頭食品來示範如何做出快速又簡單的料理。在 60 至 70 年代間，一些以主廚導向的節目重新定義烹飪節目，改由知名美食評論家展示高級歐式料理的節目。這種菁英文化的氛圍不敵後來呈現各國烹調風格的節目。 1982 年甄文達所主持的「甄能煮」系列就是個轉變的例子，節目中展現中國美食，且有句名言：「當甄能煮，你也能煮！」。到了 1990 年代，這些烹飪節目包括了從高級料理到注重健康的烹調方法的各種內容，同時融合主廚的個人特質和娛樂性質，兩個讓節目受歡迎的關鍵。在 21 世紀的開始，出現新的烹飪節目，來滿足喜愛收看名人和實境秀的觀眾。在外景節目和主廚比賽的實境秀的新紀元，讓主廚的名聲足以和搖滾明星匹敵。這類節目的觀眾主要為喜歡食物和喜歡看人們烹飪而非真正想自己做菜的人，使得按照食譜來這種老掉牙的論調顯得過時。 44. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “haute” in the third paragraph? (A) Coarse.

(B) Civilian.

(D) High-class.

下列何者的意思最接近第三段的「haute」？ (A) 粗糙的。 (B) 平民的。 (C) 不同的。 (D) 高級的。【說明】第三段第一句提及名人美食評論專家(celebrity gourmet expert)，第二句又指出這種菁英文化的氛圍不敵呈現各國烹調風格的節目(This elite cultural aura . . .)，由 celebrity gourmet expert 與 elite 可推測，“haute”指的應是「高級的」，因此答案應選(D)。 45. Which of the following is true about audiences of American cooking shows? (A) Those in the ’30s preferred advice on home economics to cooking instructions. (B) Those in the ’40s and ’50s were interested in food preparation for busy families. (C) Those in the ’60s and ’70s were eager to exchange recipes with each other. (D) Those in the ’80s enjoyed genuine American-style gourmet cooking. 下列關於美國烹飪節目觀眾的敘述何者為真？ (A) 30 年代的觀眾喜歡得到家政方面的建議勝於烹飪教學。 (B) 40 與 50 年代的觀眾對為忙碌的家庭準備的食物有興趣。 (C) 60 與 70 年代的觀眾熱衷於彼此交換食譜。 (D) 80 年代的觀眾喜歡真正美國風的美食家烹調法。 18

【說明】(A) 第一段的倒數第二句指 30 年代的廣播節目主持人雖然教授家政學，但聽眾注意的大部分是食譜，(A)為錯誤選項； (B) 第二段的第一句提到 40 與 50 年代的節目常教授如何準備食物( . . . how to prepare dishes)，第二句則說觀眾鎖定在一心想為忙碌家人(busy families)提供方便食品的婦女，得知(B)為正確選項；(C) 第三段的前二句指出 60 與 70 年代烹飪節目走的是高級風，並未提及交換食譜，(C)為錯誤選項；(D) 第三段的第三句例子說明 80 年代流行的是不同的各國美食烹調法，(D)為錯誤選項。 46. According to the passage, which of the following is true about the most recent cooking programs? (A) They are often hosted by rock stars. (B) They are often not filmed in the studios. (C) They attract many celebrity viewers. (D) They invite hungry audience members to be judges. 根據本文，下列關於最近期的烹飪節目何者為真？ (A) 它們通常由搖滾巨星主持。 (B) 它們通常不是在攝影棚錄製。 (C) 它們吸引許多名人觀眾。 (D) 它們邀請飢餓的觀眾擔任評審。【說明】末段的第二句提及 21 世紀的烹飪節目在棚外拍攝(out of studio shows)，由此得知答案應選(B)。 47. Which of the following would most likely be a hit cooking show in the ’90s? (A) A show dedicated to European cuisine and gourmet food. (B) A show sponsored by food companies advertising new products. (C) A show hosted by a humorous chef presenting low-calorie dishes. (D) A show with a professional cook demonstrating systematic ways of cooking. 下列何者最可能是 90 年代很夯的烹飪節目？ (A) 以歐式烹飪與美食為主題的節目。 (B) 由食品公司贊助廣告新產品的節目。 (C) 由幽默主廚主持介紹低卡餐點的節目。 (D) 由職業廚師示範有條理烹調法的節目。【說明】第三段的末句指出，90 年代的節目涵蓋注重健康的(health-conscious)烹調法，且主廚的個人特質(chef’s personalities)與娛樂性質(entertainment value)是節目的成功關鍵，可知答案應選(C)。第 48 至 51 題為題組 Screaming is one of the primal responses humans share with other animals. Conventional thinking suggests that what sets a scream apart from other sounds is its loudness or high pitch. However, many sounds that are loud and high-pitched do not raise goose bumps like screams 19

can. To find out what makes human screams unique, neuroscientist Luc Arnal and his team examined a bank of sounds containing sentences spoken or screamed by 19 adults. The result shows screams and screamed sentences had a quality called “roughness,” which refers to how fast a sound changes in loudness. While normal speech sounds only have slight differences in loudness—between 4 and 5 Hz, screams can switch very fast, varying between 30 and 150 Hz, thus perceived as being rough and unpleasant. Arnal’s team asked 20 subjects to judge screams as neutral or fearful, and found that the scariest almost always corresponded with roughness. The team then studied how the human brain responds to roughness using fMRI brain scanners. As expected, after hearing a scream, activity increased in the brain’s auditory centers where sound coming into the ears is processed. But the scans also lit up in the amygdala, the brain’s fear center. The amygdala is the area that regulates our emotional and physiological response to danger. When a threat is detected, our adrenaline rises, and our body prepares to react to danger. The study discovered that screams have a similar influence on our body. It also found that roughness isn’t heard when we speak naturally, regardless of the language we use, but it is prevalent in artificial sounds. The most aggravating alarm clocks, car horns, and fire alarms possess high degrees of roughness. One potential application for this research might be to add roughness to alarm sounds to make them more effective, the same way a bad smell is added to natural gas to make it easily detectable. Warning sounds could also be added to electric cars, which are particularly silent, so they can be efficiently detected by pedestrians.

尖叫是人類與動物共有的原始本能之一。傳統認為尖叫與其它聲音最大的差異在其大聲與高音。然而，許多大聲且高音的聲響卻不如尖叫聲能讓人起雞皮疙瘩。為了找出人類尖叫聲的特殊之處，神經學家 Luc Arnal 與他的團隊檢視一組聲音含 19 位成人出聲或尖叫的句子。研究結果顯示尖叫聲與尖叫出的句子有個稱作「粗暴」的特質──表示大聲時聲音如何快速改變。正常說話的聲音在大聲時只有些微差異──約四到五赫茲，尖叫聲卻能快速轉換，在三十到一百五十赫茲間擺盪，因此認定尖叫聲粗暴、令人不舒服。 Arnal 的團隊請二十個受試者評斷尖叫聲是中性或恐懼的，並發現評斷出最恐怖的尖叫聲幾乎總符合「粗暴」。這個團隊接著用功能性磁振造影的腦部掃描來研究人類大腦如何回應「粗暴」。一如預期，聽到尖叫聲之後，腦內處理聲音穿進耳朵的聽覺區域趨於活躍。但掃描也照亮了杏仁核──大腦的恐懼中心。杏仁核是掌管我們對恐懼的情緒與生理反應的區域。當偵測到威脅，我們的腎上腺素攀升，身體並做好準備回應危險。這項研究發現：尖叫對我們的身體有類似的影響，也發現到當我們自然說話時─不論使用何種語言─聽不到「粗暴」，但它在人造聲音中相當普遍。最惱人的鬧鐘、汽車喇叭聲與火災警報器存有高程度的「粗暴」。這項研究可能的應用該是在警報聲響中增加「粗暴」，使其更具效力，正如 20

同在天然氣中加入臭味使其容易讓人察覺。警報聲也能置入特別安靜的電動車，以便行人能有效察覺。 48. What is the first paragraph mainly about? (A) Different types of screams.

(B) Human sounds and animal cries.

(D) Sound changes and goose bumps.

第一段的主旨為何？ (A) 不同種類的尖叫。

(B) 人類聲音和動物的叫聲。

(D) 聲音改變與雞皮疙瘩。

【說明】第一段主要在說明尖叫和一般聲音的不同，可知答案應選(C)。 49. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a finding by Arnal’s team? (A) Changes in volume make screams different from other sounds. (B) Only humans can produce sounds with great loudness variation. (C) Normal human speech sounds vary between 4 to 5 Hz in loudness. (D) Drastic volume variation in speech can effectively activate the amygdala. 根據本文，下列何者不是 Arnal 研究團隊的發現？ (A) 音量的改變讓尖叫有別於其他的聲音。 (B) 只有人類能夠發出多種音量不同的聲音。 (C) 正常的人類說話聲音量介於 4 到 5 赫茲。 (D) 說話聲中激烈的音量變化會有效地激活杏仁核。【說明】(A) 第一段的倒數第二句指出音量改變的速度是尖叫的特質，此敘述為真； (B) 第一段的第一句即指出人類與動物都會尖叫，此為錯誤選項，故答案為 (B)；(C) 第一段的末句提及正常的人類說話聲音量只有些微差別，介於 4 到 5 赫茲，此敘述為真；(D) 第二段的倒數二句提及聽到尖叫會激活杏仁核 (after hearing a scream.... But the scans also lit up in the amygdala.) ，此敘述為真。 50. What does “it” in the third paragraph refer to? (A) The study.

(B) Language.

(D) The amygdala.

(D) 扁桃腺。

第三段的「it」指的是什麼？ (A) 研究。

(B) 語言。

【說明】第三段的第四句表示，研究發現當我們自然說話時，不會夾雜粗暴，但是在人造聲響中卻很普遍，可知「it」指的是「粗暴」，選(C)。 51. Which of the following devices may be improved with the researchers’ findings? (A) Smoke detectors.

(B) Security cameras.

(D) Fire extinguishers.

下列何項設備最可能因為研究發現而改進？ (A) 煙霧偵測器。

(B) 監視器。

(D) 滅火器。

【說明】由最後一段的第一句“One potential application for this research might be to 21

add roughness to alarm sounds to make them more effective＂得知未來可將研究發現應用於警報聲以達到最佳效果，故答案選(A)。第貳部分：非選擇題(占28分) 說明：本部分共有二題，請依各題指示作答，答案必須寫在「答案卷」上，並標明大題號(一、二)。作答務必使用筆尖較粗之黑色墨水的筆書寫，且不得使用鉛筆。一、中譯英(占8分) 說明： 1. 請將以下中文句子譯成正確、通順、達意的英文，並將答案寫在「答案卷」上。 2. 請依序作答，並標明子題號(1、2)。每題4分，共8分。 1. 蚊子一旦叮咬過某些傳染病的患者，就可能將病毒傳給其他人。【說明】  參考句型：Conj. + S + V + O, S + V + O  時態：談論事實用現在簡單式  傳染病 infectious diseases  將 A 傳給 B transmit A to B  作答： Once mosquitoes bite certain patients with infectious diseases, they may transmit the viruses to others. 2. 它們在人類中快速散播疾病，造成的死亡遠超乎我們所能想像。【說明】  參考句型：S + V + O, which + V/V-ing + O  時態：談論事實用現在簡單式  散播疾病 spread diseases  造成死亡 cause deaths  想像 imagine  作答： They spread diseases rapidly among humans, which causes/causing far/a lot more deaths than we can imagine. 二、英文作文(占20分) 說明︰1. 依提示在「答案卷」上寫一篇英文作文。 2. 文長至少120個單詞(words)。提示：最近有一則新聞報導，標題為「碩士清潔隊員（waste collectors with a master’s degree）滿街跑」，提及某縣市招考清潔隊員，出現 50 位碩士畢業生報考，引起各界關注。請就這個主題，寫一篇英文作文，文長至少 120 個單詞。文分兩段，第一段依據你的觀察說明這個現象的成因，第二段則就你如何因應上述現象，具體（舉例）說明 22

你對大學生涯的學習規劃。第一段

The recent story about 50 people with a master’s degree competing for few waste collection job vacancies has grabbed the headlines. Not only has it become talk shows’ key issue but it has generated overwhelming public concern. While feeling pity for these applicants who are apparently overqualified, people cannot help wondering what went wrong. In my opinion, the fundamental problem for this phenomenon is the surplus of labor in our society. With so many graduates with a master’s degree entering the labor market each year, the demand for labor has lagged far behind supply. Therefore, despite their degree, people may have difficulty obtaining employment without enough competence to distinguish themselves from others. Like these applicants in the news story, although undervalued and underpaid, they have no choice but to condescend to take the position. This is a waste of our education resources as well as a waste of their time spent on studying.

第二段

To avoid such an awkward situation, I will have to prepare myself for future opportunities by making the most of my college life. First and foremost, I will stay hungry to absorb the knowledge taught in class, and at the same time, take courses in multiple fields to enrich my learning, as I believe solid knowledge is the basic requirement for a good job. Then, I am convinced that language proficiency and an open mind are essential in our modern society. Hence, I will sharpen my language skills and develop a global perspective by taking language courses and engaging with people from different backgrounds. This will also equip me with good communication and interpersonal skills. Lastly, I believe having some work experience before graduation will be of help for my future career, so finding a part-time job regarding my discipline is in my plan as well. With all these skills and knowledge equipped, I am positive that I will get the job I deserve and all my efforts will pay.

105 指考總評與建議 ◎ 第一部分詞彙 (1-10 題)

選擇題 1. 十題中考名詞四題(germs、diversion、supervision、extremes)，動詞二題(pedaled、recommended)，形容詞三題(brisk、legendary、robust)，副詞一題(verbally)。 2. 每一題都有充分的線索讓學生做為作答的依據，有 4 題屬於字詞搭配題(pedal a bicycle、highly recommended、diversion from、adult supervision)，3 題屬於線索推論(extremes、legendary、robust)，其中一題線索推論題也屬於定義題(freezing winters and very hot summers →a climate of extremes)；特別注意的是，有二題為對比題(同義題：germs; 反義題：verbally、brisk)，這類題目需多注意 even though、however、 instead 或 on the contrary 等表示讓步的連接詞或轉折詞所提供的線索。 3. 本次詞彙考題不難，有第三、四級的字彙出現，其他單字都屬 7000 字範圍內五到六級的字：第三級字有一題(第 8 題)，第四級字有二題 (第 1、2 題)，第五級字有三題(第 3、4、10 題)，六級字有四題(第 5、 6、7、9 題)。特別注意的是，第 5 題的 diversion 考的是學生較不常見的「消遣」之意，但仍可從常搭配的 from 判斷出答案。因此，學生若要應付指考，除了得熟悉大考七千字之外，也要多注意單字的其他字義。另外，第 8 題以破折號表補充說明的用法來提供線索也提醒學生要留意標點符號的使用。 4. 本次考題無論考字詞搭配或定義，均有線索作為推論之依據，可由前後文聯想。學生在平日需多加培養邏輯思考與推論的能力。

綜合測驗

1. 第一篇文章說明個人空間與領域權，第二篇敘述英國科學天才艾倫‧

(11-20 題)

圖靈的生平，二篇難度都屬於中上，文章本身的用字不難，但有些必須從後文回推判斷線索，如第 12 題，第二篇雖出現較難的字 gross indecency 作答時可從上下文意判斷，故建議學生平日留意前後文提供的訊息。 2. 十題中考字彙五題(11、12、15、16、17、20)、片語一題(14)、文法觀念三題(13、18、19──分詞、時態與片語介詞用法)。 3. 總結來說，字彙考題都是考基本用法，有些需由前後文的轉折語釐清前後文的關係才能正確作答，如第 17 題前有 nevertheless，第 19 題前有 however。學生平時除了閱讀與背誦單字及片語外，必須多練習轉折語的使用。文法考題考三題，第 13 題考「分詞轉化為形容詞」的用法，及 18 題考時態的判斷，第 19 題測驗片語介詞的選擇，三題均不難作答。 4. 考題各測驗重點均出現平均，故學生平時在各方向都必須有所準備。

文意選填

古蹟獅身人面像的修復工程。 24

(21-30 題)

1. 全文十格都是實詞，有名詞、形容詞、動詞，特別注意區分現在分詞與動名詞。名詞：statue、planning、problem 形容詞：exact、movable 動詞：aged、deteriorating、measured、installed、constructing 2. 本篇文章難度中上，有些題目需搭配文法概念作答，如第 22 題測驗完成式概念、第 23 題測驗 keep . . . from 語意與介系詞後接動名詞的用法，第 25、27 題測驗被動語態，第 29 題需從後文意思判斷出答案，而第 30 題則是由搭配詞的方向思考即可答題。 3. 大部分的題目依據上下文意思即可判斷，故教師可提醒學生平日多做依上下文判斷文意的練習。 4. 值得注意的是，本篇有兩個多餘選項，學生在作答時必須慎重篩選。

篇章結構

經銷權的優缺點。

(31-35 題)

1. 學生可以從上下文意找出關鍵字來推論出答案。 (31) 關鍵字：空格後句的 Under the license, 回推 → A franchise is a license . . . (32) 關鍵字：空格後句的 . . . Howard Johnson restaurants 回推 → The most famous example was Isaac Singer . . . (33) 關鍵字：空格前句的 One of the benefits . . . → A franchise comes with a built-in business formula . . . (34) 關鍵字：空格前句的 . . . well-established brand name . . . → . . . tend to choose a brand . . . (35) 關鍵字：本段的第一句 Disadvantages include . . . 與空格後的 Other disadvantages include . . . → . . . the franchisee is given no right to renew . . . 2. 本次題目有二題(第 31、32 題)必須由後文往前推測意思，故可以訓練學生加強文法應用與文句連貫性的練習。

閱讀測驗

1. 第一篇介紹海上博物館妮娜號，第二篇介紹古生物學的新發現，第三

(36-51 題)

篇介紹美國烹飪節目型態的改變，第四篇介紹關於尖叫聲的研究與應用。 2. 主旨題(38、43、48)、細節題(37、40、41、42、45、46、49)、推論題(36、47、51) 和定義題(39、44、50)皆屬於主流題目，平日學生應多加練習以熟悉答題技巧。 3. 定義句子(39)、定義名詞(44)與定義代名詞(50)的題目仍受到歡迎，故教師可讓學生多做換句話說或定義的練習。 4. 第二篇的主題對學生而言比較陌生，關於古生物學的單字與專有名詞也比較冷僻，學生必須從上下文意與利用同位語的線索作答。第四篇也出現難字杏仁核，但文中有同位語線索，學生可從此猜出意思(the 25

amygdala, the brain’s fear center)。 ◎第二部份【中翻英】

非選擇題 1. 第一句談論事實描述目前的情形，動詞用現在簡單式；第二句亦為談論事實，仍用現在簡單式。 2. 第一句可用 Conj. + S + V + O, S + V + O 的結構寫出，以連接詞 Once 連接兩句。 3. 第二句前半部以 S + V + O 結構寫出，，後半部份可用關係代名詞或分詞連接( which + V/V-ing + O)。 4. 這二題關於蚊子傳播病毒的翻譯題與茲卡病毒相關，貼近時事，但測驗的單字稍難，可提醒學生多留意時事中的議題。

【英文作文】第一段：下筆前先就「碩士清潔隊員滿街跑」的報導發表看法，並分析這個現象的成因。 Topic sentence: 先說明「碩士清潔隊員滿街跑」的報導引起各界熱議。 The recent story about 50 people with a master’s degree competing for few waste collection job vacancies has grabbed the headlines. Supporting idea: 接著發表看法，並分析這個現象的成因。第二段：說明你如何因應上述現象，具體（舉例）說明你對大學生涯的學習規劃。 Topic sentence: To avoid such an awkward situation, I will have to prepare myself for future opportunities by making the most of my college life. Supporting idea: 說明如何規劃大學生涯並提出具體做法。 Conclusion: 以做好規劃的生涯能夠讓自己利用所學謀得理想職業的信念作結論。 ◎總結與建議 1. 最近幾年的英文試題穩定度高，以中間偏易為原則，今年的試題難度中上，測驗的字彙不難，閱讀測驗內容也多平易，只有一篇較較艱深，但仍有誘答題，學生必須留意閱讀細節。主題依然多元，大多貼近學生的生活經驗，但近幾年偶會有學生不熟悉的主題入選(如今年的古生物主題，去年的六標準差的統計法)。學生平日宜廣泛閱讀各種主題，以增加自身的字彙量，尤其多注意周遭生活議題及社會的趨勢，並多做上下文意理解的練習。 2. 選擇題部分： (1) 字彙題題幹不長，單字難度不高，搭配詞與推論題仍舊受到歡迎，大部分題目均有線索，可靠聯想與推論得到答案，若要得高分仍需多留意字詞的其他字意用法。 (2) 綜合測驗測驗重點包括單字、文法、片語介詞用法，二篇均不難。 (3) 文意選填的難度中等，答案線索明顯，但有些須結合文法概念作答。 (4) 篇章主題雖不夠貼近學生生活，但整體結構不難，容易作答，可從前後文找出關 26

鍵字(句)。 (5) 閱讀測驗四篇中第一(文物)、三(娛樂)、四(研究)篇為常見的主題，第二篇與古生物學有關，是較難的議題，但只要細心閱讀與作答，亦不難得分。 3. 今年的翻譯題與時事相關，測驗的句子結構清楚，但單字難度較高，學生必須在平時就培養關心時事的習慣。 4. 寫作部分也是與時事相關，雖貼近學生生活，但屬於議論文，不容易發揮，需要仔細鋪陳，內容必須符合題目要求並深入探討與提供具體說明才可得高分。建議學生多閱讀各種題材的文章、注意生活議題、社會趨勢與時事才能面對不同的主題並增進自身寫作能力。