SPECIAL ARTICLES
Table 1. Continued
Evidence Linkages
Fisher Weighted ChiP Stouffer P Effect Odds Confidence N square Value Zc Value Size Ratio Interval
Pain scores 8 52.26 0.001 ⫺4.01 Epidural PCA vs. IV PCA opioids Pain scores 5 37.91 0.001 ⫺2.17 PCA with background morphine Pain scores or relief 6 25.91 0.011 ⫺2.25 Analgesic use 10 99.78 0.001 6.12 Nausea or vomiting 9 Pruritus 7 Sedation 6 16.44 0.172 ⫺1.62 Regional analgesia Intercostal or interpleural blocks Postoperative vs. saline Pain scores 7 54.12 0.001 ⫺1.79 Analgesic use 5 36.30 0.001 ⫺1.51 Plexus and other blocks Preincisional vs. saline Analgesic use 5 52.13 0.001 ⫺5.62 Nausea/vomiting 5 Preincisional vs. no block Pain scores 5 45.15 0.001 ⫺4.41 Infiltration of incisions Preincisional bupivacaine vs. saline Pain scores or relief 9 84.83 0.001 ⫺3.51 Analgesic use 6 21.27 0.047 ⫺2.01 Postincisional bupivacaine vs. saline Pain scores 8 42.53 0.001 ⫺2.10 Analgesic use 9 53.71 0.001 ⫺2.12 Pre- vs. postincisional bupivacaine Pain scores 6 39.28 0.001 1.02 Preincisional ropivacaine vs. saline Pain scores or relief 5 44.14 0.001 ⫺3.96 Analgesic use 7 45.51 0.001 ⫺3.90 Multimodality techniques Two or more vs. single drug, same route Epidural morphine ⫹ local anesthetics vs. morphine Pain scores 7 42.95 0.001 ⫺2.32 Nausea or vomiting 6 Pruritus 6 Epidural fentanyl ⫹ local anesthetics vs. fentanyl Pain scores 10 67.21 0.001 ⫺3.11 Nausea or vomiting 11 Pruritus 12 Motor weakness 9 Epidural morphine ⫹ bupivacaine vs. bupivacaine Pain scores 9 52.91 0.001 ⫺3.03 Pain relief 5 Nausea or vomiting 8 Pruritus 6 Epidural fentanyl ⫹ bupivacaine vs. bupivacaine Nausea or vomiting 7 Pruritus 5 Epidural sufentanil ⫹ ropivacaine vs. ropivacaine Pain scores 5 28.54 0.001 ⫺2.09 Pruritus 6
Anesthesiology 2012; 116:248 –73
259
Heterogeneity P Effect Values Size
0.001 ⫺0.22
0.700
0.550
0.015 ⫺0.33
0.999
0.951
0.012 0.001
0.315 0.001 0.675
0.138 0.001 0.666 0.522 0.628
0.663 0.263
0.479 0.381
0.146
0.057 0.769
0.001 ⫺0.32
0.061
0.174
0.001 ⫺0.32 0.022 ⫺0.11
0.002 0.662
0.001 0.605
0.018 ⫺0.17 0.017 ⫺0.20
0.044 0.039
0.051 0.024
0.154
0.02
0.001
0.001
0.001 ⫺0.31 0.001 ⫺0.43
0.964 0.001
0.556 0.001
0.466
0.167 0.829 0.176
0.006
0.001 0.304 0.266 0.011
0.470 3.41 1.31–8.92 1.25 0.62–2.48 7.35 2.82–19.15
0.245 0.352 0.858 0.584
1.27 0.58–2.80 2.89 1.02–8.23
0.329 0.840
0.07 0.35
0.053 ⫺0.03
1.01 0.99
0.57–1.78 0.43–2.29
0.037 ⫺0.38 0.066 ⫺0.34 0.001 ⫺0.37 0.51
0.15–1.73
0.010 ⫺0.22 0.80 0.40–1.57 2.02 0.93–4.36 0.001 ⫺0.29 0.77 0.46–1.27 0.93 0.55–1.56 3.23 1.57–6.65 0.001 ⫺0.25
0.018 ⫺0.17
0.730 4.32 2.31–8.07
0.425 0.705 (continued)
Practice Guidelines