Α Î? Α ÎŁ Κ Î&#x; ΠΗ ÎŁ Η
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ΕΝΝΡνΚκΎ Î•Ď€ÎšÎ¸ÎľĎŽĎ ÎˇĎƒÎˇ Î‘Î¸ÎˇĎ ÎżĎƒÎşÎťÎŽĎ Ď‰ĎƒÎˇĎ‚ 3(1):36–43
Hellenic Journal of Atherosclerosis 3(1):36–43
Î&#x;Κ ÎľĎ€ÎšĎ€Ď„ĎŽĎƒÎľÎšĎ‚ The effects τΡς Ď€ÎąĎ‡Ď…ĎƒÎąĎ ÎşÎŻÎąĎ‚ of obesity and physical κιΚ τΡς ĎƒĎ‰ÎźÎąĎ„ÎšÎşÎŽĎ‚ inactivity on children’s ÎąÎ´Ď ÎŹÎ˝ÎľÎšÎąĎ‚ ĎƒĎ„ÎˇÎ˝ υγξίι health των πιΚδΚών K.D. Tambalis,1 D.B. Panagiotakos,1 S.Ε. Papoutsakis,1 L.S. Sidossis1,2
Κ.Δ. ΤΏΟπιΝΡς,1 Δ.Î’. ΠινιγΚωτΏκος,1 ÎŁ.Ε. Î ÎąĎ€ÎżĎ…Ď„ĎƒÎŹÎşÎˇ,1 Λ.ÎŁ. ÎŁĎ…Î˝Ď„ĎŽĎƒÎˇĎ‚1,2
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Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Sealy Center on Aging, Institute for Translational Sciences and Shriners Burns Hospital, University of Texas, Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA
ΤΟΎΟι Î•Ď€ÎšĎƒĎ„ÎŽÎźÎˇĎ‚ ΔΚιΚτοΝογίις-Î”ÎšÎąĎ„Ď ÎżĎ†ÎŽĎ‚, Î§ÎąĎ ÎżÎşĎŒĎ€ÎľÎšÎż Î ÎąÎ˝ÎľĎ€ÎšĎƒĎ„ÎŽÎźÎšÎż, ΑθΎνι, 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Sealy Center on Aging, Institute for Translational Sciences and Shriners Burns Hospital, University of Texas, Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA
ΑΒSTRACT: Obesity and physical inactivity are interrelated, raising serious concerns for the health of children, globally. At the beginning of the 21th century childhood obesity has been recognized as an epidemic in most developed and developing countries. The rapid increase of childhood obesity, besides its genetic predisposition, is attributed at least partly, to unfavourable changes in environmental factors (e.g. nutrition, physical activity). It is now evident from many prospective studies that childhood obesity is associated with adult excess weight status and the development of diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, obesity in early life influences social and psychological functioning of children. Nowadays, physical inactivity is another crucial factor for children’s health. Adequate physical activity level in childhood is likely to carry favorable behavioral and biological effects into later life. Additionally, epidemiologic evidence suggest that physical activity, is inversely related to risk factors for chronic diseases such as high blood pressure, fat mass, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, poor lipid profile and clustering of metabolic risk factors in children, while it helps in the development of healthy bones, muscles and joints. This review summarizes recent experimental and epi-
ΠΕΥΙΛΗΨΗ: ΣτΡν ÎąĎ Ď‡ÎŽ του 21ου ιΚώνι Ρ πιΚδΚκΎ Ď€ÎąĎ‡Ď…ĎƒÎąĎ ÎşÎŻÎą ÎχξΚ ÎąÎ˝ÎąÎłÎ˝Ď‰Ď ÎšĎƒĎ„ÎľÎŻ ως ξπΚδΡΟίι ĎƒĎ„ÎšĎ‚ Ď€ÎľĎ ÎšĎƒĎƒĎŒĎ„ÎľĎ ÎľĎ‚ ινιπτυγΟÎνξς κιΚ ÎąÎ˝ÎąĎ€Ď„Ď…ĎƒĎƒĎŒÎźÎľÎ˝ÎľĎ‚ Ď‡ĎŽĎ ÎľĎ‚. Η Ď ÎąÎłÎ´ÎąÎŻÎą ÎąĎ?ÎžÎˇĎƒÎˇ τΡς πιΚδΚκΎς Ď€ÎąĎ‡Ď…ĎƒÎąĎ ÎşÎŻÎąĎ‚, Ď€ÎąĎ ÎŹ Ď„Îż ÎšĎƒĎ‡Ď…Ď ĎŒ ÎłÎľÎ˝ÎľĎ„ÎšÎşĎŒ Ď…Ď€ĎŒÎ˛ÎąÎ¸Ď ĎŒ τΡς, ιποδίδξτιΚ ÎşĎ…Ď ÎŻĎ‰Ď‚ ĎƒÎľ Οίι Î´Ď…ĎƒÎźÎľÎ˝ÎŽ Î´ÎšÎąĎ†ÎżĎ ÎżĎ€ÎżÎŻÎˇĎƒÎˇ των Ď€ÎľĎ ÎšÎ˛ÎąÎťÎťÎżÎ˝Ď„ÎšÎşĎŽÎ˝ Ď€ÎąĎ ÎąÎłĎŒÎ˝Ď„Ď‰Î˝ (Ď€.χ. Î´ÎšÎąĎ„Ď ÎżĎ†ÎŽ, Ď†Ď…ĎƒÎšÎşÎŽ Î´Ď ÎąĎƒĎ„ÎˇĎ ÎšĎŒĎ„ÎˇĎ„Îą). Η ΟξΚωΟÎνΡ ĎƒĎ‰ÎźÎąĎ„ÎšÎşÎŽ Î´Ď ÎąĎƒĎ„ÎˇĎ ÎšĎŒĎ„ÎˇĎ„Îą κιΚ Ρ Ď€ÎąĎ‡Ď…ĎƒÎąĎ ÎşÎŻÎą ĎƒĎ…Î˝ÎŽÎ¸Ď‰Ď‚ ĎƒĎ…Î˝Ď…Ď€ÎŹĎ Ď‡ÎżĎ…Î˝ κιΚ ÎąÎťÎťÎˇÎťÎżÎľÎžÎąĎ Ď„ĎŽÎ˝Ď„ÎąÎš, Ď€Ď ÎżÎşÎąÎťĎŽÎ˝Ď„ÎąĎ‚ ĎƒÎżÎ˛ÎąĎ ÎĎ‚ ÎąÎ˝ÎˇĎƒĎ…Ď‡ÎŻÎľĎ‚ γΚι τΡν υγξίι των πιΚδΚών Ď€ÎąÎłÎşÎżĎƒÎźÎŻĎ‰Ď‚. ΕίνιΚ ÎłÎľÎłÎżÎ˝ĎŒĎ‚, Οξ Î˛ÎŹĎƒÎˇ ποΝΝÎĎ‚ Ď€Ď ÎżÎżĎ€Ď„ÎšÎşÎĎ‚ ΟξΝÎτξς, ĎŒĎ„Îš Ρ πιΚδΚκΎ Ď€ÎąĎ‡Ď…ĎƒÎąĎ ÎşÎŻÎą ĎƒĎ…Î˝Î´ÎξτιΚ Οξ Ď„Îą ξπίπξδι Î˛ÎŹĎ ÎżĎ…Ď‚ των ÎąÎ˝Î¸Ď ĎŽĎ€Ď‰Î˝ ως ξνΎΝΚκξς κιΚ ÎľĎ€ÎŻĎƒÎˇĎ‚ ĎƒĎ‡ÎľĎ„ÎŻÎśÎľĎ„ÎąÎš ÎŹÎźÎľĎƒÎą Οξ τΡν ινΏπτυΞΡ δΚιβΎτΡ, Ď…Ď€ÎĎ Ď„ÎąĎƒÎˇĎ‚, ΟξτιβοΝΚκοĎ? ĎƒĎ…Î˝Î´Ď ĎŒÎźÎżĎ… κιΚ Ď€ÎąĎ ÎąÎłĎŒÎ˝Ď„Ď‰Î˝ κΚνδĎ?νου γΚι ÎşÎąĎ Î´ÎšÎąÎłÎłÎľÎšÎąÎşÎĎ‚ Ď€ÎąÎ¸ÎŽĎƒÎľÎšĎ‚ ĎƒÎľ πιΚδΚΏ. Î•Ď€ÎšĎ€Ď ÎżĎƒÎ¸Îτως, Ρ Ď€ÎąĎ‡Ď…ĎƒÎąĎ ÎşÎŻÎą ĎƒĎ„Îą πιΚδΚΏ ÎχξΚ ÎąĎ Î˝ÎˇĎ„ÎšÎşÎĎ‚ κοΚνωνΚκÎĎ‚ κιΚ ĎˆĎ…Ď‡ÎżÎťÎżÎłÎšÎşÎĎ‚ ÎľĎ€ÎšĎ€Ď„ĎŽĎƒÎľÎšĎ‚ ĎƒĎ„Îˇ ΜωΎ τους. Η ĎƒĎ‰ÎźÎąĎ„ÎšÎşÎŽ ÎąÎ´Ď ÎŹÎ˝ÎľÎšÎą ξίνιΚ Îνις ÎąÎşĎŒÎźÎˇ ÎşĎ ÎŻĎƒÎšÎźÎżĎ‚ Ď€ÎąĎ ÎŹÎłÎżÎ˝Ď„ÎąĎ‚ γΚι τΡν υγξίι των πιΚδΚών. Î•Ď€ÎąĎ ÎşÎŽ ξπίπξδι Ď†Ď…ĎƒÎšÎşÎŽĎ‚ Î´Ď ÎąĎƒĎ„ÎˇĎ ÎšĎŒĎ„ÎˇĎ„ÎąĎ‚ ĎƒĎ„ÎˇÎ˝ πιΚδΚκΎ ΡΝΚκίι ξίνιΚ Ď€ÎšÎ¸ÎąÎ˝ĎŒÎ˝ νι ĎƒĎ‡ÎľĎ„ÎŻÎśÎżÎ˝Ď„ÎąÎš Οξ ξυνοϊκÎĎ‚ ĎƒĎ…ÎźĎ€ÎľĎ ÎšĎ†ÎżĎ ÎĎ‚ κιΚ βΚοΝογΚκÎĎ‚ ÎľĎ€ÎšÎ´Ď ÎŹĎƒÎľÎšĎ‚ ĎƒĎ„ÎˇÎ˝ ξνΎΝΚκΡ ΜωΎ του ÎąĎ„ĎŒÎźÎżĎ…. ΠΝΎθος ξπΚδΡΟΚοΝογΚκών δξδοΟÎνων υποδξΚκνĎ?ουν ĎŒĎ„Îš Ρ Ď†Ď…ĎƒÎšÎşÎŽ Î´Ď ÎąĎƒĎ„ÎˇĎ ÎšĎŒĎ„ÎˇĎ„Îą ĎƒĎ…Î˝Î´ÎξτιΚ ÎąÎ˝Ď„ÎŻĎƒĎ„Ď ÎżĎ†Îą Οξ Ď€ÎąĎ ÎŹÎłÎżÎ˝Ď„ÎľĎ‚
ÎšĎ‰Î˝ĎƒĎ„ÎąÎ˝Ď„ÎŻÎ˝ÎżĎ‚ Δ. ΤΏΟπιΝΡς ΤΟΎΟι Î•Ď€ÎšĎƒĎ„ÎŽÎźÎˇĎ‚ ΔΚιΚτοΝογίις-Î”ÎšÎąĎ„Ď ÎżĎ†ÎŽĎ‚, Î§ÎąĎ ÎżÎşĎŒĎ€ÎľÎšÎż Î ÎąÎ˝ÎľĎ€ÎšĎƒĎ„ÎŽÎźÎšÎż, ΕΝ. ΒξνΚΜÎΝου 70, 122 43 ΑθΎνι e-mail: dp425603@hua.gr Š 2012 ΕΝΝΡνΚκΎ Î•Ď„ÎąÎšĎ ÎľÎŻÎą Î‘Î¸ÎˇĎ ÎżĎƒÎşÎťÎŽĎ Ď‰ĎƒÎˇĎ‚
Konstantinos D. Tambalis Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University El. Venizelou 70, GR-122 43 Athens, Greece e-mail: dp425603@hua.gr