;dfwfg .
;dfwfg /fli6«o b}lgs
dgsf/Ln] agfOlbP ckf+unfO{ 3/
kf6L{ PsLs/0fsf] *) k|ltzt sfd ;lsof]
#
@)&% ;fpg @& ut] cfOtaf/
df]xl;g cln ldofF
uf]/vf, @^ ;fpg
k|r08 cfkm}+nfO{ r'gfjdf cfwf–cfwf u/f}+, k|wfgdGqL tkfO{+nfO{ kfFr jif{ eof] eg]sf] lyof] sf+u|];n] . ;/sf/ / ;Qfsf nflu Tof] af6f] x'g ;SYof] t/ Tof] cj;/jfbL x'GYof] .
;dfwfg ;+jfbbftf
kf]v/f, @^ ;fpg -;dfwfg_ – gfu9'+uf 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf, gfu9'+uf cfdf ;d"x, gfu9'+uf o'jf Snan] :yfgLo s's'/sf] lb;fsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ hgfPsf 5g\ . gfu9'+uf 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yfåf/f cfof]lht ;/;kmfO sfo{qmddf ;+:yfsf cWoIf sdn zdf{n] gfu9'+uf If]qsf 3/ kfn'jf s's'/nfO{ ;fj{hlgs :yfgdf lb;f gu/fpg cfu|x u/] . cGo 6f]njf;Ln] ;d]t s's'/ 8f]xf]¥ofpFb} gfu9'+ufdf NofP/ lb;f u/fpg] cfkm"n] b]v]sf] eGb} o; If]qdf s's'/sf] lb;f d'Qm 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] atfP . ;+:yfn] 3/df s's'/ kfNg]n] :jo+ kmf]xf]/sf] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;Sg'kg]{df hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . zlgaf/ ul/Psf] ;/;kmfOdf @ 6«s kmf]xf]/ ;+sngu/L dxfgu/sf] ;xof]un] Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] ;+:yfsf ;lrj lji0f' ;'j]bLn] hfgsf/L lbP .
kf]v/f, @^ ;fpg
kf]v/fdf hf/L ;kmfO cleofg cGtu{t !!% cf}+ xKtfsf] z[+vnf lakLrf]sb]lv kf]v/f dxfgu/kflnsf sfof{no;Dd ePsf] 5 . hgr]tgfd"ns k|eftkm]/L;lxt zlgaf/ ;f] cleofg ePsf] xf] . sfo{qmddf ljleGg ;+3;+:yfn] PSoa4tf hgfPsf 5g\ . …xKtfdf ! 306f M /fi6«sf nflu :jo+;]jfÚ eGg] pb\3f]ifsf ;fy ;~rflnt ;f] cleofgdf u08sL ljsf; a}+sn] ;d]t PSoa4tf hgfPsf] 5 . a}+ssf k"j{ cWoIf tyf u08sL k|b]z;ef ;b:o laGb's'df/ yfkfn] cleofgsf] k|z+;f ub}{ cleofgsf] lg/Gt/tfsf] sfdgf u/] . pgn] a}+ssf] tkm{af6 /fli6«o em08f % yfg, sf]/];f] !% yfg, xft] s}rL % yfg, l;s]r/
% yfg, ;]ˆ6L Unf]a ! ;o hf]/, uda'6 @) hf]/ cleofgsf :jo+;]jsnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf lyP . o; k6ssf] cleofgdf g]kfn k|x/L, ;z:q k|x/L an, d'lQmgfy ljsf; a}+s, cf]d 8]enkd]G6 a}+s, PgcfO;L Pl;of a}+s, cleofg dlxnf ;d"x, df5fk'R5]« dlxnf Sna, 8\ofd;fO8 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf, ldt]/L gf/L ;d"x, b/af/yf]s of]u ;d"x, xfd|f] lqmp :sfp6 ;d"x, vx/] cfdf ;d"x, lkm:6]n gl;{ª SofDk;, o'y g;{ ;~hfn, o'gfO6]8 o'y kf]v/f, rl08sf cfdf ;d"x, ;+ud dfu{ 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf nufotn] PSoa4tf hgfP . nfoG; Sna ckm kf]v/f e[s'6L, P;cf]P; :sfp6 ;d"x, /fli6«o ;Dkbf ;+/If0f ;ldlt g]kfn, lhNnf v]ns'b ljsf; ;ldlt, 6fOu/ lkmlhsn 6]«lgª
;dfwfg ;+jfbbftf
;]G6/, ;d|f6 uf]vf{ lkmlhsn 6]«lgª ;]G6/, dx]Gb|k'n dlxnf hfu/0f ;d"x, ca'{b /f]u lgjf/0f ;+:yf, kf]v/f ax'd'vL SofDk;, dx]Gb| dflj gofFahf/, Go'/f]8 6f]n ;'wf/ ;ldlt, afn k|eft dflj Go'/f]8, jftfj/0fLo ;'Gb/ k|fln g]kfn, :yfgLo :yfgLo cfdf ;d"x, 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf nufot hgk|ltlglw / j8faf;L ;xefuL ePsf] cleofg ;+of]hs /fdaxfb'/ kf}8]nn] atfP . sfo{qmddf kf]v/f ( sf j8fWoIf /fd/fh nfld5fg]n] ;xefuLnfO{ ;/;kmfO / /fli6«o efjgfsf] ;ky u/fPsf lyP . dxfgu/kflnsf k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t z]ifgf/fo0f kf}8]nn] ;xefuL ;a}nfO{ wGojfb 1fkg u/]sf lyP . cfufdL zlgaf/ ! ;o !^ cf}+ xKtfsf] ;kmfO cleofg km]jftfn lsgf/ j;'Gw/f kfs{df x'g]5 .
8f=e§/fO{n] hgtfn] ljsNk vf]Hg yfln;s]sf] atfP . …r'gfjsf a]nf s] s] eg]/ cfZjf;g af8]sf lyP . eg]sf s'/f g ah]6df cfP, g gLlt, sfo{qmddf g} cfP . dx+uL lbglbg} a9]sf] a9\o} 5Ú, pgL eG5g\, …hgtfsf s'/f 5f8f}, pxfFx?s} sfo{stf{ ?i6 ePsf
5g\ .’ g]skfk|lt ;+s]t ub}{ pgn] r'gfjL :jfy{sf nfludfq} sDo'lg:6sf] vf]n cf]9]sf] cf/f]k nufP . … clxn] h'g lsl;dn] sDo'lg:6sf] vf]n cf]9]/ cfPsf 5g\, Tof] sDo'lghd g} xf]Og, ;a} :jfy{sf nflu xf] .Ú
kxn;d]t u/]sf] pgn] bfaL u/] . sn]h Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf dLgaxfb'/ lu/Ln] sn]hdf egf{ x'g cfpg] ljleGg ul/a tyf h]x]Gbf/ ljBfyL{sf] klxrfg u/L 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f ul/g] atfP . cfly{s cefjdf pRr lzIffaf6 jl~rt ljBfyL{nfO{ j8f sfof{non] pknAw u/fPsf] 5fqfj[lQ /sd cToGt} kf/bzL{ 9+uaf6 ljt/0f u/L pgLx?sf] k9\g kfpg] clwsf/nfO{ ;'/lIft ub}{ cGo z}lIfs ultljlwdf ;d]t ljleGg /rgfTds ;xof]u ug]{ lu/Ln] atfP . SofDk;df :gfts txdf lalaP; tkm{sf] k9fO ;~rfng eO/x]sf] / cfufdL lbgdf klg ljBfyL{ / cleefjssf] rfxgf tyf ;dosf] dfu cg';f/ ljleGg
gofFufpFsf] l;4 klAns sn]hn] gofF z}lIfs ;qdf ljBfyL{ egf{ cleofg ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 . ljBfyL{ egf{ cleofgnfO{ yk ;xof]u k'¥ofpg zlgaf/ sn]hdfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf kf]v/f dxfgu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ !% sf j8fWoIf k|sfz kf}8]nn] sn]hdfdf o;} z}lIfs ;qdf egf{ x'g cfpg] !% hgf ljBfyL{nfO{ j8f sfof{non] 5fqfj[lQ pknAw u/fpg] 3f]if0ff u/] . l;4 klAns sn]h j8f gDa/ !% sf] Psdfq ;fd'bflos sn]h ePsf]n] o;nfO{ ;xof]u ug'{kg]{ j8f sfof{no nufot ;Dk"0f{ j8fjf;Lsf] st{Jo;d]t ePsfn] cfkm"n] o;sf nflu 7f];
kf]v/f, @^ ;fpg
s's'/sf] lb;f Jojl:yt ul/g]
l;4 sn]hdf egf{ cleofg
lzIff If]qdf ct'ngLo of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] eGb} 8fS6/ u0f]zdfg u'?ª, o'jf j}1fgLs dfxfjL/ k'g, g/xl/ e§/fO{, tf/fgfy a/fn / nf]s uflosf xl/b]jL sf]O/fnfnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . k[YjLgf/fo0f ax'd'vL SofDk;sf ;+:yfks hf]h{ hf]gsf] gfddf lj; @)%@ ;fndf k|lti7fg :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . sfo{qmddf k|b]z k|d'v afa'/fd s'jF/n] Hff]h{ hf]g ;/n] ;'? u/]sf] z}lIfs cfGbf]ngn] /fli6«o lzIff If]qdf 7"nf] of]Ubfg k'¥ofPsf] atfP . ;Ddflgt u0f]zdfg u'?ªn] ;/sf/n] k|b]z :t/df / s]Gb| :t/df x'g] ljZjljBfnosf] l56f] eGbf l56f] 6+uf] nufpg'kg]{ atfPsf lyP . sfo{qmddf k|b]z ;f+;b /fhLj kxf/Ln] ;a} cfwf/e"t k"jf{wf/ xF'bfxF'b} klg k[YjLgf/f0f Sofk; ljZjljBfno aGg g;Sg' kL8fbfoL ePsf] atfPsf lyP . sfo{qmddf k|b]z ;f+;b laGb's'df/ yfkf, nf]sufos k|hfklt k/fh'nL, k|fWofks b]jgf/fof0f ;'ltxf/ nufotn] af]n]sf lyP . k|lti7fgsf cWoIf ux]Gb|]Zj/ sf]O/fnfsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] lyof] .
dx;'; eof] . To;kl5 ;fdflhs ;~hfnaf6} cleofg ;'? u/]sf] x'F .Ú xfn;Dd e'h]n kl/jf/sf] 3/ lgdf{0fsf nflu * nfv #! xhf/ /sd ;+sng eO;s]sf] 5 eg] 3/ lgdf{0f *% k|ltzt ePsf] 5 . kmfpG8];g uf]/vf cWoIf /fdafa' >]i7sf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] ' lhNnf clwsf/L sfo{qmddf k|dv gf/fo0fk|;fb e§/fO{, ;lxb nvg ufpFkflnsf & sf j8fWoIf z/0f >]i7, u08sL ufpFkflnsf # sf j8fWoIf gj/fh >]i7, g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L uf]/vfsf ;efklt eujfgafa' df:s], kqsf/ dxf;+3 uf]/vfsf pkfWoIf bLks >]i7, dgsfdgf alx/f ljBfnosf cWoIf v8fgGb /]UdL, kmfpG8];gsf pkfWoIf nId0f cfrfo{, /]vf tfdfª nufotn] af]n]sf lyP . kmfpG8];gn] lhNnfdf s]xL jif{otf ljBfyL{nfO{ ;d]t 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
lakLrf]sdf ;/;kmfO
uf]/vf, @^ ;fpg -;dfwfg_– k"j{ k|wfgdGqL Pj+ gofF zlQm g]kfnsf ;+of]hs 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{n] bnsf g]tfnfO{ lagfck/fw kqmfp ug'{ unt ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . uf]/vf ;b/d'sfddf kqsf/ ;Dd]ng ub}{ 8f= e§/fO{n] ljKnj ;dly{s g]tf sfo{stf{nfO{ ;/sf/n] kqmfp u/L ck/fwL;/x Jojxf/ u/]sf]df pgn] c;Gt'li6 JoQm u/]sf x'g\ . …en} pxfFx? -ljKnj_ n] p7fPsf dfu hfoh gxf]nfg\, ;fGble{s gxf]nfg\ . t/ To;f] xf] eGb}df ck/fwL agfpg kfOG5 <Ú k|ltk|Zg ub}{ pgn] eg], …/fhg}lts bnnfO{ t /fhgLlts 9+uaf6 JofVof / Jojxf/ ug'{ k¥of] . ck/fwLem} xts8L nufpg sxfF kfOG5 <Ú clxn]sf] ;/sf/ hgtfsf] dd{ ljk/Lt cl3 a9]sf] bfaL ub{}
‘ck/fwL geO{ xfts8L gnufpm’
wgaxfb'/sf] 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] cj:yf b]v]/ d Hofb} k|efljt ePF, To;df klg 3/ geP/ s6]/f]df af; a:g'kg]{Ú, pgn] eg], …clg d}n] ;fdflhs ;~hfn / ldl8ofsf] ;+sngsf] ;xof]udfcfly{s cleofg ;'? u/]+ .Ú /sd h'6\g ;'? ePkl5 pgsf] 3/ lgdf{0f ;'? u/L xfn;Dd $) k|ltzt sfd eO;s]sf] 5 . xfn jiff{tsf] ;do ePsfn] ;fdfg 9'jfgLdf ;d:of ePkl5 lgdf{0f /f]lsPsf] 5 . u08sL ufpFkflnsf # sf e'h]n kl/jf/sf] 3/ lgdf{0fsf nflu /]vf tfdfªn] cleofg rnfPsL x'g\ . e'h]nsf] kl/jf/df @ 5f]/f / ! 5f]/L ckf+u 5g\ . …klxnf] k6s d pxfFx?sf] 3/ k'Ubf d]/f] cfF;' g} cfPsf] lyof], ePsf ;a} ckf+u, g a:g] 3/ . ;a} vf]/ h:tf] s6]/f]df a;]sf,’ tfdfªn] elgg\, …d}n] pxfFx?sf] ;a} s'/f ;'g+], a'em]+, ;fx|} a];fxf/f ePsf]
kf]v/f, @^ ;fpg -;dfwfg_– hf]h{ hf]g lzIff k|lti7fgn] ljleGg If]qsf !) hgfnfO{ zlgaf/ kf]v/fdf ;Ddfg u/]sf] 5 . k|li7fgsf] @@ cf+} jflif{sf]T;jdf ljBfyL{nfO{ 5fqfj[lQ;d]t k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . sfg'g ;+sfosf ;Gtf]if zdf{, lzIff ;+sfosf xl/dfof zdf{, lj1fg ;+sfotkm{ lalgtf >]i7, Joj:yfkg ;+sfo laGb'b]jL zdf{ / dfgljsL ;+sfotkm{ ydg l;x+ uf}tdnfO{ hgxL !) xhf/ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .
!) hgf ;Ddflgt
km/s sf]0faf6 tfgfzfxL zf;g kmfNg ePsf cfGbf]ngnfO{ Psn] csf{nfO{ :jLsf/]sf 5f}+ . b'a} cfGbf]ngsf] dxTj lyof] / To;}sf] ann] cfhsf] kl/jt{g cfPsf] xf] eGg]df xfdL Ps dt 5f}+ . kf6L{ Ps x'g] s'/f kf6L{sf] cj:yf / ;Qfsf] :jfy{n] klg k|efljt kf/]sf] xf]nf lg < gq nfdf] xf]djs{, j}rfl/s, ;}4flGts ax;lagf km/s ljrf/sf] ldng x'G5 < ljNs'n ;Qfsf] :jfy{n] sfd u/]sf] xf] eGg] cfwf/ 5}g . of] t ;do / cfZostfsf] dfu xf] . k|r08 cfkm}+nfO{ r'gfjdf cfwf–cfwf u/f}+, k|wfgdGqL tkfO{+nfO{ % jif{ eof] n]v]/ lbG5f}+ eg]sf] lyof] sf+u|];n] . of] agfj6L s'/f xf]Og ;fFrf] xf] . ;/sf/ / ;Qfsf nflu Tof] af6f] x'g ;SYof] t/ Tof] cj;/jfbL x'GYof] . ;xL af6f] eg]sf] g]kfnsf jfdkGyL ljrf/ af]s]sf zlQmx? ldNg' g} x'GYof] . To;df klg b'O{ kf6L{ km/skm/s wf/n], km/s k|sf/n] b]z}el/ ;+/rgf ePsf kf6L{ x'g\ . oL b'O{ kf6L{sf] cfjZostf / k|r08 :jo+n] klg ;]kmNoflG8ª cfjZos eP/ ldNg nfu]sf] xf]Og . of] g} Oltxf;sf] cfjZostf, hgtfsf] dfu, cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfo ;a}sf sf/0f b'a} kf6L{sf cWoIfHo"x?n] Pstfsf] k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg' ePsf] xf] .
b'O{ kf6L{sf] cl:tTj x'Fbf ljleGg txdf cfˆgf] g]t[Tj jf kbdf a;]/ sfd u/]sf sfo{stf{ lyP . pgLx?sf cfcfˆgf] rl/q lyof] . ca tNnf] tx;Dd ;a}sf] kb, cl:tTj / ckgTj lbnfpg] u/L ldnfpg ufx|f] 5}g < b'O{ z}nL ePsf k[i7e"ldsf JolQmx? xfdL 5f}+ . xf]n6fOd /fhgLlt, ljb|f]xL :jefjsf / cln a9L ;dk{0f u/]sf ;fyLx? a9L dfcf]jfbLdf x'g'x'G5 . cln a9L hgtf;Fu hf]l8Psf, ;+3;+:yf;Fu hf]l8Psf, hgtfsf b}lgsL;Fu hf]l8Psf cln a9L JolQm k"j{ Pdfn]df x'g'x'G5 . b'j}y/Lsf] cfjZostf xfdLn] dx;'; u/]sf 5f}+ . ;+ul7t eP/ kf6L{n] v6fPsf 7fpFdf k'Ug] sfo{stf{ klg cfjZos 5 / hgtfsf casf] b}lgsLx?;Fu kf6L{nfO{ hf]8\g] sfo{stf{ klg cfjZos 5 . dxflwj]zg;Ff of] sf];{ ;Dejt k"/f x'G5 . To;kl5 Pdfn] Pdfn]sf] ?kdf /xFb}g, dfcf]jfbL dfcf]jfbLsf] ?kdf /xFb}g . b'a} Ps csf{df ljno eP/ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ / xfdLx? g]skfsf sd/]8 x'g] 5f}+ . u08sL k|b]zdf kf6L{ ldnfpg ;lqmo eO/fVg'ePsf] 5 < s:tfs:tf cfjfhx? cfO/x]sf 5g\ < cfsf+Iff s;/L b]lvO/x]sf] 5 < of] k|b]z 7"nf] k|b]z xf]Og, lrl6Sssf] k|b]z xf] . g]skfn] of] k|b]zdf PsLs/0fnfO{ klg ko{6g / oxfFsf] ;Defjgfsf] /0fgLlts lx;fan] hf]8\b}5 . k|b]znfO{ Jojl:yt agfpgsf nflu ;Ifd JolQm g]t[Tjdf cfpF5 . d sxfF k/]+ xf]Og ls, kf6L{n] hgtfsf] cfjZostfnfO{ k"/f ug'{k5{, xfdLn] ;d[l4sf 9f]sfx? vf]Ng'k5{ / To;sf nflu d, pm, of] eGg'eGbf klg lg8/, ;dIf JolQm cfpF5g\ . / p;nfO{ ;a}n] cfTd;ft ug]{ u/L lg0f{o x'G5 . sfo{bndf uDeL/ 5nkmn eO/x]sf] 5 . lhNnflhNnfaf6 To;/L g} l;kmfl/; eO/x]sf 5g\ . xfdLaLr cflTds / efjgfTds ;DaGw 5 . km/skm/s k[i7e"ldaf6 cfPsf sf/0fn] s'g}s'g} lhNnfdf ;fgf]ltgf] ax; xf]nfg\ . t/, d Psbd} cfzfjfbL 5' . xfdLn] b'O{ txdf
u08sL k|b]zsf] g]t[Tj lng oxfFsf] cfsf+Iff 5 eGg] cfO/x]sf] 5 lg < kf6L{n] s'g sd/]8nfO{ s] e"ldsf lbFbf l7s x'G5 eg]/ lg0f{o u5{ . :yfoL sld6L / s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfno tyf kf6L{n] lbPsf] lhDd]jf/L ;DxfNg xfdL tof/ 5f}+ . xfdLx?aLr w]/} cfsf+Iff 5}g . kf6L{n] h'g sd/]8nfO{ h'g lhDd]jf/L lbP klg sfo{ef/ k"/f ug]{5f}+ . cGTodf, g]skfsf] ;/sf/ ag]sf] cfwf ;fn laTg nfUof] t/ p;sf ultljlwn] cfnf]rgf rsf]{ x'Fb}5, ;fFlRrs} clwgfosjfbL z}nLdf b'O{ltxfO{ ;/sf/ lxFl8/x]sf] 5 eGg] cfjfhx? lsg pl7/x]sf 5g\ < cfnf]rgf cfjZos 5 . nf]stflGqs cEof;df cfnf]rgf, lj/f]w, va/bf/LnfO{ unt 9+un] x]l/g'x'Fb}g . of] rflxg] s'/f xf] . clg clxn] g} ;/sf/n] s]xL klg ug{ ;s]g eg]/ lgZsif{ lgsfn]/ aaG8/ ug]{ a]nf ePsf] 5}g . aNn xfdL % dlxgf lat]sf] 5 . of] aLrdf ;/sf/n] b'O{ zlQm/fi6« ef/t / rLgnfO{ ;Gt'lnt ug{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Nof] . /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfsf ;kgf b]vfpg] /]ndfu{sf s'/f, ;'?ª dfu{sf s'/f, Po/kf]6{ lgdf{0f / :t/f]Gglt ug]{ s'/f ePsf 5g\ . dfG5]n] hlt;'s} h] eg] klg kfgL hxfh Nofpg k|lqmofut lx;fan] cufl8 a9fpg] s'/fdf uDeL/tf k"j{s ;/sf/ a9]sf] 5 . of] ;/sf/n] hgtfsf] cfzf hufpg] s]xL sfd klg u/]sf] 5 . h:tf] l;lG8s]6sf] s'/f eof] . oxL ;/sf/n] tLg} txsf] ;/sf/sf] cEof; klg ul//x]sf] 5 . tLg} txdf ;/sf/sf] 6'+uf] nufpg] sfd, To;nfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ sfd ePsf] 5 . csfwdlxgf o;n] ;do lnof] . of] jif{ lgodg ug]{ sfdd} ;do laT5 . csf]{ jif{af6 aNn sfdn] ult lnG5 . ;/sf/sf] sfd sf/afxL z}nLnfO{ k|ltkIfLn] va/bf/L ug'{ :jefljs xf] . t/, clwgfosjfb eg]sf] k"jf{u|fxL lx;fan] cf/f]k nufOPsf] zAbdfq} xf] . hlt a]nf sf+u|];sf] b'O{ltxfO{ ;/sf/ x'Fbf klg ;8sdf ePsf] sDo'lg:6n] clwgfosjfb b]vfof] eGYof] . ToxL k[i7e"ldsf] sf+u|];n] clwgfosjfbsf] gf/f nufO/x]sf] 5 . o;sf] s'g} t's 5}g . cy{ 5}g . k|:t'ltM cd[t ;'j]bL
b]j]Gb| kf}8]n :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
g]kfn uf]/vf kl/jf/ blIf0f sf]l/of / uf]/vf kl/jf/ j]n km]o/ kmfpG8];g uf]/vfn] @ ckf+u kl/jf/sf] 3/ lgdf{0fsf nflu gub ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . @ ;+:yfn] ;+oQ' m ?kdf ;b/d'sfddf sfo{qmd u/L ;lxb nvg ufpFkflnsf j8f gDa/ & a'ªsf]6sf wgaxfb'/ >]i7 / u08sL ufpFkflnsf # sf bnaxfb'/ e'h]nsf] 3/ lgdf{0fsf nflu hgxL &% xhf/ lbPsf x'g\ . uf]/vf 3/ eO{ xfn /f]huf/Lsf] l;nl;nfdf blIf0f sf]l/ofdf /x]sf uf]vf{nLn] pgLx?sf] 3/ lgdf{0fsf ! nfv @) xhf/ /sd kmfpG8];g uf]/vfnfO{ k7fPsf lyP . To; /sddf kmfpG8];gn] !% xhf/ yk u/L /sd x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] xf] . wgaxfb'/sf] kl/jf/df ! 5f]/f / @ 5f]/L ckf+u 5g\ . pgLx?sf] cfly{s cj:yf sdhf]/ /x]sf] / 3/ e"sDkn] eTsfPkl5 ;f]xL j8fsf j8fWoIf z/0f >]i7n] k'glg{df{0fsf nflu ! jif{cl3b]lv ;fdflhs ;~hfndfkm{t /sd ;+sng cleofg ;'? u/]sf lyP . pgsf] cj:yfsf af/]df ;fdflhs ;~hfn / ;~rf/ dfWoddf ;fj{hflgs ePkl5 xfn;Dd sl/a !# nfv /sd ;+sng eO;s]sf] kmfpG8];g uf]/vfsf sf]iffWoIf;d]t /x]sf j8fWoIf >]i7n] atfPsf 5g\ . …
ldnfpFb} 5f}+ . klxnf] txdf lhNnf / k|b]znfO{ ldnfP/ Ps} 7fpFdf NofpF5f}+ . s]Gb|sf ljefux?;Fu hf]8\g] s'/f x'G5 . s]Gb|sf] ;lrjfnob]lv cGo s'/f klg ldN5g\ . csf]{df kflnsf / ufpF tx ldnfpg] sfd x'G5 . To;df klg Tolt w]/} ;d:of cfpFb}g . cem a9L :yfgLo txdf cGt/3'lnt 5g\ . To;}n} ufx|f] 5}g .
kf6L{ Pstfsf] tftf] 5 olta]nf tkfO{+x?nfO{, s]s] eO/x]sf] 5 < fpg @% ut]leq e"uf]n / k|b]zsf hgjuL{o ;+u7g, k];fut ;+u7gsf agfOPsf sfo{bnx?n] l/kf]6{ a'emfpg] eg]sf lyof}+ . o;sf] Dofb ;fpg d;fGt;Dd ylkPsf] 5 . l/kf]6{ nueu ;a} cfO;s]sf] 5 . st}st} l;kmfl/; bf]xf]l/Psf sf/0f cem} ldnfpg afFsL 5 . sl/a *) k|ltzt sfd ;lsof] eg] klg x'G5 . OGrfh{, ;+of]hs, ;lrj kf6L{sf km/skm/s k[i7e"ldsf ;fyLx?nfO{ e"uf]n, hgjuL{o ;+u7gdf ldnfP/ n}hfg 5nkmn rln/x]sf] 5 . ;a} cfO;s]kl5 s]Gb| / k|b]zn] ;d]t cfjZos lg0f{o u/]/ ebf} % ut];Dd sl/a PsLs/0f ul/;Sg] eGg] xfd|f] lg0f{o 5 . PsLs/0f k|lqmof ldnfpg slQsf] ;s; 5< eofgs ;s;sf] dx;'; u/]sf 5}gf}+ . b'O{ cnucnu cl:tTj / ;+/rgfnfO{ Pp6} ;"qdf afFWg, Pp6} k|0ffnLdf Nofpg s]xL xf]djs{ x'g'k5{ / Tof] eO/x]sf] 5 . of] qmddf cGt/+u 5nkmn cfjZos ePsfn] xfdL ToxL qmddf 5f}+ . r'gfjotf Pdfn] / dfcf]jfbL s]Gb| PsLs/0f nIo;lxt Ps} 7fpFdf cfpFb} x'g'x'G5 . sDo'lg:6 eg] klg dfcf]jfbL / Pdfn]n] lxF8]sf] af6f] / z}nL km/s– km/s lyof] . Pp6} d"n af6f] agfpg t ufx|} ePsf] xf]nf lg < lxhf] cfGbf]ngsf] cj:yf lyof] . PsfTds lg/+s'ztf, /fhtGqlj?4 cfGbf]ng ubf{ o;sf ?kx? km/s lyP . xfdL an k|of]usf] Jofjxfl/s l;4fGtnfO{ sfof{Gjog u/f}+ eg]/ ;z:q ;+3if{sf] af6f] lxF8\of+} . tTsfnLg g]skf Pdfn]n] hgtf hgfb{gsf] af6f]åf/f /fhtGqsf] cGTo ug{ ;lsG5 eg]/ lxF8]sf] lyof] . t/, xfd|f] nIo Pp6} lyof] . Psy/Ln] afofFlt/af6 km/s ?kdf /fhtGqsf] lj/f]w u/], csf]{y/Ln] bfofFlt/af6 km/s ?ksf] cfGbf]ng u/] . clxn] cj:yf km]l/of] . /fhtGq kmflnof], ;a}sf] rfxgfcg';f/ nf]stflGqs u0ftGq k|fKt u¥of}+ . ;+3Lotf, ;dfj]zL, ;dfg'kflts kx'Fr / k|ltlglwTjsf] cf+lzs eP klg ;'lglZrt u¥of}+ . :jfefljs ?kdf ljb|f]xsf] /fhgLlt / cfGbf]ngsf] /fhgLlt l;ˆ6 eP/ ljsf; d'2fx?df s]lGb|t ePsf 5f}+ . o;}qmddf xfd|f d'2f / Ph]G8f ldNg uP . clg xfdL kf6L{ Pstfsf] lgZsif{df k'Uof}+ . ca cufl8 a9\g] ;Gbe{df, ljrf/ / /fhgLltsf ;DaGwdf c;fWo} glhs k'u]/ PsLs/0f ub}{5f}+ . >lds / pTkLl8t ;d'bfosf] lxt, ;fwg / cfly{s ;d[l4;lxtsf] ;dfhjfb eg]/ xfd|f] nIo klg ldNof] . cfˆg} Oltxf;sf] klg t lx;fa lstfa ug'{k¥of] xf]nf lg < ljutsf] xfd|f] Oltxf;, k|fKt ePsf ;a} pknlAw / To;nfO{ b'a}n] :jLsf/ u/]/dfq} Pstfdf nfu]sf xf}+ . km/s–
gofF z}lIfs sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g] sn]h k|d'v eLd k'gn] hfgsf/L lbP . sn]hsf k|d'v ;+/Ifs eQmaxfb'/ vqL, k"j{ j8fWoIf Pj+ l;4 dflj Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf ?daxfb'/ e08f/L, l;4 dfljsf k|WofgfWofks z+s/ 1jfnL, l5d]sL ljBfno uf]N8]g ˆo'r/sf k|frfo{ jL/axfb'/ a'9fyf]sL, /]Gaf] Ps]8]dL xf]D;sf lgb]{zs ;'zLn/fh k/fh'nL nufotn] sn]hsf] ljBfyL{ egf{ nufot cGo ljleGg z}lIfs Pj+ /rgfTds ultljlwdf cf–cfˆgf] 7fpFaf6 yk ;xof]u hf/L /fVb} l;4 klAns sn]hnfO{ ;fd'bfo :t/sf] pTs[i6 sn]h agfpgsf nflu ljz]if ?kdf nflukg]{ wf/0ff JoQm u/] .