Generative Techniques for Urban Place-making by Ruju Joshi

RUJU JOSHI_UD4516

B. Urban Design Program Faculty of Planning CEPT University, Ahmedabad ------------------------------Vertical Studio, 4th Semester Generative Techniques for Urban Place-Making Radhika Amin, Jinto George, Parshwa Palkhiwala

Introduction Aim of this studio is to generate design responses which are embedded with intelligence of climate, social organisation and infrastructure. Computational means are used to define and ‘design’ inter-relationships between network-infrastructure-people and environment. We have investigated planning principles and urban samples, have quantified them and decoded them to algorithms for urban form generation, such that our designs emerge as a resultant.

Aim of the studio Understanding emergence theories and importance of computation today, through several readings Site Analysis and data quantification Data processing in Rhino-Grasshopper, using different plug-ins for different parameters Using a bottom-up approach in designing a neighbourhood

Content Poster Site Introduction : Calico Mill, Jamalpur, Ahmedabad Site Analysis : Phase 1 Thematic Analysis _ Network Connectivity v/s Permeability : Vadaj Thematic Analysis _ Analytical Plugins : Jamalpur, Dhal ni Pol Urban Block : Manhattan, New York Site Analysis : Phase 2 Design

POSTER

SPACE SYNTAX

â&#x20AC;&#x153;How we design cities is how we understand them.â&#x20AC;? -Bill Hillier Space syntax follows certain rules and theories which are science-based and human-focused. Space syntax is an efficient generative design tool which is conceived by Bill Hillier and his colleagues. Cities are structured out of five physical and spatial components: paths, nodes, edges, districts and landmark. Paths being the central one, regulate and formulate the functional movement of the city. The core idea of space syntax is to understand the city through establishing the link between its structure and functionality. It integrates the fragmented city through various means of projects by providing accessibility and connectivity which is a key element to urban design, to make cities more thriving and liveable. Moreover, it also works as an analytical tool to pretend future at the same time to reason the past events. The poster emphasises on the basic rules and theories of space syntax with excellent examples of space syntax as an analytical design tool.

multi scale city Darvin, Australia

fragments integrate connectivity natural movement edges

district

node

path

landmark

dual grid

physical aspects structure - functionality theory

accessibility sky cycle, London

Figure 1

accessibility trafalgar square, London

accessibility schools

THRIVING LIFE

SITE INTRODUCTION

CALICO MILLS, JAMALPUR, AHMEDABAD

Calico Mills land is situated in Jamalpur, Ahmedabad, in the eastern side of Ahmedabad, connecting with the western side by Sardar Bridge. Calico Mills was the biggest textile mill of Ahmedabad. There was a time when the mill was considered to be the heart of the city. Moreover, The area has one of the biggest Vegetable and Flower Markets of the city. Also, the site is connected to all major areas of the city and has a bus depot. Thus, the area, providing thousands of employment and opportunities to people, has emerged in an organic manner. Distribution of land uses and built open areas, is such that it accommodates higher amount of people.

Figure 2

SITE ANALYSIS : PHASE 1

LAND USE

Land uses in Jamalpur are distributed organically but there is a notable significance of different land uses in certain areas yet, there is a mixture of several land uses which are either complementing or conflicting one another. Markets, production units, residential settlements, open grounds and so on, have their own influential areas. Diversities in sub categories of one major land use is what makes the area unique in terms of its land use distribution.

Figure 3

POPULATION DENSITY

Population in Jamalpur mainly varies based on land uses and building heights. The area comprises of two types of population densities : Static and Floating Static population comprises of the residents of the site and floating population comprises of the visitors and workers of the site. Based on the calculated quantities, the area is highly populated.

LEGEND

Resident Sets

Floating Sets

INFERENCE The analysis period has been based on an approximation made on site observation. The map divides into two broad categories which are Resident and Floating. These are simply to see what amount of the site remains as populated and to relate it to the activities, uses and typology over the given set. Jamalpur has dense populated residential areas and with a major portion of itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s commercial grouped into the southern sector. The population density is around 9,900 people per square kilometer or around 26,000 per square mile. The city has grown by about one and a half million people by the last census in 2011. A nearby military base and government institutions bring people from all over India to Ahmedabad and fuel city growth. By 2021, there could be nearly 9 million people residing in Ahmedabad.

Building Heights +

These population estimates and projections come from the latest revision of the UN World Urbanization Prospects. These estimates represent the Urban agglomeration of Ahmedabad, which typically includes Ahmedabadâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s population in addition to adjacent suburban areas.

Land Use = Count for 90 sq. meters *These are averages from the total data set.

Population Projections -

Information here has been extrapolated for site study

Jamalpur 2017 - 27,342 persons/Km 2 2020 - 35,749 persons/Km 2 [0.32% growth] Ahmedabad 2017 - 26,000 persons/Km 2 2020 - 40,000 persons/Km 2

The enclosed white are spaces at populate zero, whereas the 24% are kinetic sites where population differ over season or events.

Current population - 8,019,000 Projected population - 9,010,000 Projections averaged from census and growth rate at 0.32% p.a

GENERATIVE Figure 4 TECHNIQUES FOR URBAN PLACEMAKING |

POPULATION DENSITY PIXEL MAP

Population Density

100

200 M

GEORGE VERGHESE UD1416

INTERDEPENDENCY

Diverse nature of site in terms of land use reflects on the activities happening on site and its inter-relationships. Examples such as APMC market catering to plenty of other small markets around the site, religious buildings like temple and mosque cater to the residents around as a public open space etc. Lack of required built-open space results into a multifunctional space which reacts to the land use and thus creates dependencies. Collected data majorly focuses on topological connections between different activities and its interdependencies around the site.

Figure 5

BUILT DENSITY

Just as the land uses, built densities of the site also varies drastically as the land uses change. Various factors such as built footprint, built volume, open spaces, street spaces and so on affect the built density of the site. The analysis here was done to compare and contrast two different sides of the river to see how are the built-open spaces distributed and what kind of distributions functions well. The section lines shown in figure 7 and boxes shown in figure 8 were considered for analysis.

A’

B’

APMC Market

Sheetal Varsha

APMC Market

Built Area v/s Open Area

FAR

34.42%

The patch has APMC Market which has one and two storey buildings. The reason behind choosing this patch is the importance of the market as it is the biggest vegetable and flower market of the city. Another interesting thing about this patch is the informal vending outside the market.

floor heights

G+1 G+2 Gross FAR : 1.721

0.96 1.61

public to private Open Space Hierarchy Length of major street : 170 m Number of openings : 3

When looking at the nature of the space, the private space is 5% more than the semi-public space which consists of informal vegetable market which is spill over on the streets, the streets are invaded with people in peak hours, causing vehicular congestion. It would have been a different scenario if block ‘A’ was a semi-public space.

19% 12% 29%

public to private Zoomed in Area Total Area : 3414.2 m2 Perimeter : 281.6 m Number of openings on the space : 2 Porosity Ratio

Solar Radiation

0.08

cold to hot

APMC market has two storey buildings mostly without trees which can’t cover them so it is obvious that the most heated part of the buildings is their terraces compared to its walls. Also because of buildings with sunshades on one side and flyover on the other, some sort of shadow is created which accomodates the informal vending.

Sectional Axonometric

Built Area v/s Open Area

commercial front

The front area of APMC Market is utilised as an informal vegetable market, with extreme rush both pedestrian and vehicular during morning (7am-12pm) and evening times (5-7pm). The inner open space is an area where loading - unloading of fruits and vegetables and flowers takes place. This acts as an entrance for trucks and auto rickshaws.

34.31%

The patch comprises three different kinds of buildings (types and uses). It has an eight storey building (the tallest buildng of this area), a housing colony and slums. The building is surrounded by single storey slums and housing appartments. The reason behind choosing this patch is to notice the strong demarcations as well as transitions amongst these typologies.

floor heights FAR G+1 G+8 Gross FAR : 3.77

0.79 2.40

public to private Open Space Hierarchy Length of major street : 105 m Number of openings : 2

34% 18% 15%

Sheetal Varsha’s built area is more as compared to its total plot area because of its height. It has left about 20% space just for parking, although owned privately one can say that this is a semi-private space for two reasons one, it is not compounded from the front and secondly its commercial use, the place is open for all those who are visiting for a certain purpose.

public to private Zoomed in Area Total Area (1) : 1039.30 m2 Perimeter (1): 198.1 m Number of openings on the space : 3 Porosity Ratio (1)

Solar Radiation cold to hot

0.10

Sectional Axonometric

commercial front

C’

D’

Y Junction

Kathiyara Ni Chali

A A

Built Area v/s Open Area

24.03%

This patch has a Y junction which divides this area into two major communities (not literally), Hindus and Muslims. The reason behind choosing this patch is to study the unique distrbution of its commercials which are again influenced by two different communities. The differentiation is also clearly visible as the shops on both the sides are facing the street which also helps shopkeepers to atrract people.

FAR floor heights G+1 Gross FAR : 0.48

1.22

The open spaces in between the shops is not used as a semi public space but for the shop owners themselves. There is no way that a pedestrian can cut through these shops, as the space is blocked with shop dumps. The porosity ratio could be increased considerably if this situation is prevented.

public to private Open Space Hierarchy Length of major street : 104 m Number of openings : 40

25% 26% 23%

public to private Zoomed in Area Total Area (1) : 1039.30 m2 Perimeter (1): 198.1 m Number of openings on the space : 3 Porosity Ratio (1)

Total Area (2) : 577.2 m Perimeter (2) : 134.1 m Number of openings on the space : 8 Porosity Ratio (2) 2

Solar Radiation cold to hot

Commercial buildings in this patch are clustered and facing opposite to each other. The buildings are directly exposed to sun and are not covered with any sort of shade but varied heights of the buildings create shadows on one another. Frontyards of the buildings are used by the shopkeepers.

0.11

Sectional Axonometric

Built Area v/s Open Area

Commercial back

As mentioned before this patch has building facing the streets sharing a common back wall. There are a few spaces cutting through buildings which are used as storage spaces for the shops. There is no way one person from the other street can could access the other through the block, one has to move around the block in order to do so.

57.30%

This patch is taken to focus on one of the many similar ‘chawls’ present on site. The chawl has super narrow lanes with continuous building facades on both the sides. The main streets has openings of different chawls seperated by occupations and religions. The internal streets or chowcks formed, are used by the people living there as a part of their everday activities.

FAR

floor heights

1.30

G+1

Gross FAR : 1.15

The only private space here is the individual housing units. The housing units are oriented such that they create an inner semi-public space for that community. The total open spaces for the community amounts to only 33%, hence the streets at times act as community open spaces.

public to private Open Space Hierarchy Length of major street : 105 m Number of openings : 2

18% 15%

public to private Zoomed in Area Total Area (1) : 999 m2 Perimeter (1): 155 m Number of openings on the space : 8 Porosity Ratio (1)

Total Area (2) : 475.50 m2 Perimeter (2) : 91.2 m Number of openings on the space : 5 Porosity Ratio (2)

0.21

Solar Radiation cold to hot

Buildings in this patch are clustered and single storeyed. They are covered by several trees. Streets remain shaded throughout the day with the shadows of the buildings and trees which is why the streets are used by the residents for different personal or community level activities.

Sectional Axonometric

residential front

Narrow lanes add to the factor of increased privacy in the patch. It is used to washing and hanging clothes, sleeping, gatherings, cooking, playing etc. The activities are generated by the local people, which keeps this area lively throughout the day.

0.28

0.30

GENERATIVE Figure 6 TECHNIQUES FOR URBAN PLACEMAKING | ACTIVE FRONTAGES | BUILT DENSITY

# $

Kathiyara Ni Chali

Informal Settlements

Sheetal Varsha

H’

Y- Junction H APMC Market '

Industries

NID

Figure 7

Section Lines

A’

Figure 8

B’

C’

D’

E’

Settlements on River Front

F’

G’

Boxes

Figure 9

Contours

BUILT DENSITY

It was fairly observed that the built spaces were dominating the remaining open spaces in certain ways based on different land uses and population densities. Different patterns of open spaces were observed in different types on settlements such as chowks in an organic settlement vis a vis a compounded area in a planned societies. These spaces were functioning based on the needs of the residents and their dominance. Factors such as porosity calculated the exposure of an open space to certain amount of dwellings which further brought light to insufficient distribution of levels of open spaces.

APMC Market

A Sheetal Varsha

Built Area v/s Open Area

34.31%

The patch comprises three different kinds of buildings (types and uses). It has an eight storey building (the tallest buildng of this area), a housing colony and slums. The building is surrounded by single storey slums and housing appartments. The reason choosing this patch is to notice the strong Built Areabehind v/s Open Area demarcations as well as transitions amongst these typologies.

34.42%

floor heights FAR G+1 G+8 Gross FAR : 3.77

APMC Market

0.79 2.40

Sheetal Varsha’s built area is more as compared to its total plot area It has left about 20% space just for FAR because of its height. floor heights parking, although owned privately one can say that this is a G+1 0.96 semi-private space for two reasons one, it is not compounded from G + the 2 front and secondly its commercial use, the place is1.61 open for all those who are visiting for a certain purpose.

Gross FAR : 1.721

public to private Open Space Hierarchy Length of major street : 105 m Number of openings : 2

public to private Open Space Hierarchy Length of major street : 170 m Number of openings : 3

public to private Zoomed in Area Total Area (1) : 1039.30 m2 Perimeter (1): 198.1 m 34% Number of openings on the space : 3 18% Porosity Ratio (1) public to private Zoomed in Area 15% Total Area : 3414.2 m2 Perimeter : 281.6 m 19% Number of openings on the space : 2 12% Porosity Ratio 29%

Solar Radiation cold to hot

0.10

0.08

The marked area has different building types and usage in the patch. The tallest building of the area is in the centre and naturally its the one which is most heated throughout the day as it is the tallest. The shadow of this building are formed on adjascent houses which also have some trees. Also the frontyard of the building is always shaded which is used for Solar Radiation cold to hot parking. APMC market has two storey buildings mostly without trees which can’t cover them so it is obvious that the most heated part of the buildings is their terraces compared to its walls. Also because of buildings with sunshades on one side and flyover on the other, some sort of shadow is created which accomodates the informal vending.

Sectional Axonometric

commercial front

Sheetal Varsha is a Commercial building with shops and offices in it. It is a newly built building and the tallest on the esatern side of the site. Its front area acts as a semi public space, which is utilised for parking. The surrounding buildings on the street edge is commercial while the ones at the back are low rise residential. The high rise building has compound walls all commercial front Sectional Axonometric around visually restricting any activity behind, but the same gets The front of APMC Market is utilised broken oncearea someone reaches higher floors.as an informal vegetable market, with extreme rush both pedestrian and vehicular during morning (7am-12pm) and evening times (5-7pm). The inner open space is an area where loading - unloading of fruits and vegetables and flowers takes place. This acts as an entrance for trucks and auto rickshaws.

The and bui is s The dem

C’

Figure 10

D’

D Kathiyara Ni Chali

Y Junction

B A

Built Area v/s Open Area

57.30%

This patch is taken to focus on one of the many similar ‘chawls’ present on site. The chawl has super narrow lanes with continuous building facades on both the sides. The main streets has openings of different chawls seperated by occupations and religions. The internal streets or chowcks formed, are used by Built Area v/s Open Area the people living there as a part of their everday activities.

24.03%

Figure 11

FAR

floor heights

G+1

Gross FAR : 1.15

1.30

G+1 Gross FAR : 0.48

1.22

public to private Open Space Hierarchy Length of major street : 105 m Number of openings : 2

public to private Open Space Hierarchy Length of major street : 104 m Number of openings : 40

18% 15%

public to private Zoomed in Area Total Area (1) : 999 m2 Perimeter (1): 155 m Number of openings on the space : 8 Porosity Ratio (1)

public to private Zoomed in Area Total m2m2 TotalArea Area(2) (1): :475.50 1039.30 Perimeter : 91.2 mm Perimeter(2) (1): 198.1 Numberofofopenings openingson onthe thespace space: 5 :3 25% Number 26% Porosity PorosityRatio Ratio(2) (1) 23% Total Area (2) : 577.2 m2 Perimeter (2) : 134.1 m Number of openings on the space : 8 Porosity Ratio (2)

Semi open spaces

Solar Radiation cold to hot

0.28

Solar Radiation cold to hot

0.30 0.11

0.21

Private open spaces

Sectional Axonometric

residential front

Sectional Axonometric

Commercial back

Thi pre con has reli the

ACTIVE FRONTAGES

This analysis was focused on the active frontages of the site. Indian streets have multiple layers because of which the streets have a lot more things happening other than the vehicular movements. The analysis here tries to capture the kind of activities performed on the frontages of different types of built forms and the quantification is done with the factors of depth mapping and porosity. It also tries to capture the intangible experience of the space by smell and sound mapping. Conclusively, based on the depth mapping and the kind of activities happening on the frontages, it is sure that there is a lack of required built as well as open space. The social factor supports the activities which enhances the sense of ownership and creates hierarchies within the open spaces such that shared spaces are formed.

0. 0. The The strates strates sound sound form ltlt form slums slums nd nd popoprivate private

INTRODUCTION

Figure 12

pace. pace. The The esence esence of of ach other. ach other. along along with with edominate edominate

POROSITY Porosity is the measure of the interface between two spaces which deﬁnes the access and degree of privacy. The concept overlaps with the degree of permeability which deﬁnes the number of steps the user needs to earliest take to access space. But both the concept in one1920. establishThe the relationship between Ahmedabad’s textile mills established spaces and hman interraction.

The Calico Mills was one of aim of the study is to analyze the mill and the settlement around it. The elevation illustrates the building typology and the active frontages in the area along with the smell and sound POROSITY mapping cumulatively reflecting the character of the space. The differentiated built form and settlement pattern ranges from the BSUP housing society to the and slums Porosity is the measure of the interface between twofactories spaces which defines the access and degree of The concept overlaps with the degree of permeability which defines the number of steps the which are suggestive of the culturalprivacy. and economic diversifi(9%) cation. Depth mapping and po1. School user needs(Education to take toInstitution) access space. But both the concept one establish the relationship between and hman information interraction. rosity further quantifies the analysisspaces generating regarding the degree of private and public spaces along these frontages. SOUND MAP Sound plays a crucial role in creating the ambiance of a space. The area around the Behrampur slums is noisy due to the presence of 1. School (Education Institution) (9%) the educational institute and the mosque adjacent to each other. 3. Factory (14%)motion along with 2. Mosque (Relegious Institution) (75%) The sound of human interaction and vehicular constant working of the machines inside the factories predominate the locality. On the other hand, chawls are relatively quiet spaces, especially during the afternoons. The activities and the sound increase as the day passes by especially in the evenings when people sit on their otlas and other gathering spaces. The edge of the commercial shops is a potential gathering space due to the encroachment by the extended plinths of the shops. 3. Factory (14%)caused in the pres2. Mosque (Relegious (75%) by hustle ThereforeInstitution) is predominated and bustle ence of vehicles and people.

especially especially ase as ase as the the sit sit on on their their

ing ing space space he he shops. shops. n the n the prespres-

to to strands strands pace pace synsynd at d at points points isual isual area area eld He He bebeeld e navigate navigate e d d indicate indicate indivcate indivcate of of the the site site henve its its henve

p p beben to n to the the c c or or ability of of ability

DEPTH MAP

4. Slum (12.3%)

Figure 13 POROSITY Porosity is the measure of the interface between two spaces which deﬁnes the access and degree of 1. 1. SCHOOL SCHOOL privacy. The concept overlaps with the degree of permeability which(Educational deﬁnes the number of steps the Institution) (Educational Institution) user needs to take to access space. But both the concept one establish the relationship between spaces and hman interraction.

1. School (Education Institution) (9%)

2. Mosque (Relegious Institution) (75%)

The The compound compound wall wall of of the the mosque mosque makes the makes the open open space space inside inside its its campus, a semi public campus, a semi public space, space, alalthough itit is is open open to to all. all. The The semi semi though public public area area of of the the slum slum dwellers dwellers conconstitutes the the temporary temporary setup setup such such as as stitutes broken tiles, khatla, bricks broken tiles, khatla, bricks and and other other storage items items placed placed at at the the edge edge of of storage the street. street. the

4. 4. SLUM SLUM

3. 3. FACTORY FACTORY

5. 5. CHAWL CHAWL HOUSE HOUSE

BUILDING TYPES 1. SCHOOL (Educational Institution)

The Axonometric drawings highlight the inter- relationship between the built form and the activities. The focus is given to the facade and its inﬂuence in demarcating a space as public or private. This bifurcation decides the porosity and permeability of the space.

END END

hat site ea. hich nts Larh a s a dja-

The original concept behind depthmap developed from to strands of thaught. one was isovist analysis and the other was space syntax. Benedikt created maps of properties of the visual field at points within plans of buildings He drew contours of equal visual area within the plan and called the resulting map an isovist field He believed that this maps would gave an insite into how people navigate the actual building Since closely packed contours would indicate rapidly changing visual field he reasoned that this would indivcate 4. Slum (12.3%) decisopn points within the building Therefore analysis of the site 2. MOSQUE MOSQUE through depth mapping indicates the degree of privace,2.henve its (Religious (Religious Institution) Institution) effect on the Active frontages. 7. Complex (57.69%) 5. Chawl houses (19.72%) 6. Mixed Use (34.85%)

DEPTH MAP LEGEND SMELL MAP LEGEND 7. Complex (57.69%) 5. Chawl houses (19.72%) 6. Mixed Use (34.85%) The mosque mosque is is spread spread in in the The the area area of of 2000 2000 square square meters meters with with aa Madrasa Madrasa (religious (religious ededucational ucational institute) institute) inside inside the the same same complex. complex. 8. Commercial unit (52.38%) 9. Apartments (25.71%) The The edge edge of of compound compound wall wall of of the the mosque mosque and and the the street street is is used used either either as as aa undesignatundesignated ed parking parking space space or or is is frequented frequented by by swings swings and and small small eateries eateries transforming transforming to to into into aa fun fun children’s children’s recreational recreational space. space.

3. Factory (14%)

8. Commercial unit (52.38%) 10. Aanganvadi (28.47%)

9. Apartments (25.71%)

The mosque is spread in the area of 2000 square meters with a Madrasa (religious educational institute) inside the same complex. The edge of compound wall of the mosque and the street is used either as a undesignated parking space or is frequented by swings and small eateries transforming to into a fun children’s recreational space.

3. FACTORY The The slum slum typology typology is is clustered clustered housing sharing housing sharing a a wall, wall, each each with an an average average width width of with of 4m 4m and and length length 3m 3m along along with with a a street street width of of 4m. 4m. The The otlas otlas of of this this parparwidth ticular ticular slum slum are are hidden hidden either either by by a curtain curtain or or a a wall wall inside inside which which a cooking takes place. The cooking takes place. The edge edge of the the street street witnesses witnesses everyday everyday of recreational recreational activities activities and and benchbenches in in most most cases cases that that allow allow public public es interaction interaction and and forms forms gathering gathering spaces spaces

The Factories bifurcate the street and inside space starkly due to the presence of a 6m tall compound wall, outside which, the space is used for undesignated parking. The street width is 5 meters which accommodates small pan gallas and chai shops accessed majorly by the workers from the nearby factories.

The The Chawl Chawl typology typology near near calcalico ico mills mills are are clustered clustered houses houses that that share share a a common common wall, wall, each each with an with an average average width width of of 4m 4m and and length 10m, 10m, along along with length with a a street street width of of 4m. 4m. The The street street edge edge witwitwidth nesses nesses everyday everyday recreational recreational acactivities and and public public spaces spaces transtranstivities formed formed into into storage storage spaces. spaces. In In most cases cases an an extended extended plinth plinth most of of 1m 1m is is used used for for washing washing cloths cloths and utensils. utensils. and

11. Warehouse (5.78%)

4. SLUM4. SLUM

3. FACTORY 3. FACTORY

The The Factories Factories bifurcate bifurcate the the street street and and inside inside space space starkly starkly due due to to the the prespresence of of a a 6m 6m tall tall compound compound wall, wall, outoutence side side which, which, the the space space is is used used for for unundesignated parking. parking. The The street street width width designated The compound wall of the mosque is 5 meters which accommodates is 5 meters which accommodates makes the open space inside its small pan pan gallas gallas and and chai chai shops shops acacsmall campus, a semi public space, al- majorly cessed majorly by by the the workers workers from from cessed though it is open to all. Thethe semi the nearby factories. factories. nearby public area of the slum dwellers constitutes the temporary setup such as broken tiles, khatla, bricks and other storage items placed at the edge of the street.

2. MOSQUE (Religious Institution)

5.HOUSE CHAWL HOUSE 5. CHAWL

6. MIXED 6. USE MIXED USE

7. COMMRECIAL 7. COMMRECIAL COMPLEX COMPLEX

The typology Chawl typology The Chawl near cal-near calare clustered ico mills ico are mills clustered houses houses share a common that sharethat a common wall, eachwall, each with anwidth average width with an average of 4m andof 4m and length 10m, along with a street length 10m, along with a street width of street 4m. The street width of 4m. The edge wit- edge witnesses everyday recreational acnesses everyday recreational activities and publictransspaces transtivities and public spaces formed into spaces. storage In spaces. In formed into storage mostancases an extended plinth most cases extended plinth of 1mfor is washing used for cloths washing cloths of 1m is used and utensils. and utensils.

The commercial The commercial shops majorshops majorly includelysmall include eateries small that eateries ex- that extend theirtend shops theirtoshops spill onto to spill onto the streets. theThe streets. frontages The frontages of the of the shops actshops as attractors act as attractors and be- and become gathering come gathering spaces during spaces a during a speciﬁc time speciﬁ of cthe time dayofwhich the day is which is majorly evenings. majorly evenings.

The commercial The commercial buildings buildings cluster cluster the area around the areathe around Jamalpur the Jamalpur flyflyover. These over. buildings These buildings are essenare essentially consisting tially consisting of severalofshops several shops inside theinside multi the floored multibuildings. floored buildings. The activities The activities in front of in these front of these buildings buildings majorly consist majorly ofconsist un- of undesignated designated parking and parking vendors. and vendors.

INFERENCE The Factories The Factories bifurcate the bifurcate street the andstreet and inside space inside starkly space due starkly to thedue presto the presence of a ence 6m tall ofcompound a 6m tall compound wall, out- wall, outside which, side thewhich, spacethe is used spaceforis unused for undesignated designated parking. The parking. streetThe width street width is 5 meters is 5 which metersaccommodates which accommodates small pansmall gallaspan andgallas chai and shops chai ac-shops accessed majorly cessedbymajorly the workers by the from workers from the nearbythe factories. nearby factories. 5. Chawl houses (19.72%) 6. Mixed Use (34.85%)

The slumThe typology slum typology is clustered is clustered housing housing sharing asharing wall, each a wall, each with an average with anwidth average of 4m width andof 4m 11. andWarehouse (5.78%) There are certain specific factors that contribute in3m making frontage active. Varying setbacks length 3m length along with along a the street with a street create interesting edge conditions width leaving forThe to unfold. of opportunity 4m. width The ofotlas 4m. ofinformality this otlas par-of this par- In slums, setbacks give enclosure to a space, transforming intoslum semiare private spaces ticular them slum ticular are hidden either hidden by eitherwith by otlas and khatlas to proliferate, giving rise to everyday household activities. Similarly, along which the commercial and institua curtain aor curtain a wall orinside a wall which inside tional edges, setbacks accommodate smalltakes shopsplace. and pan gallas cooking cooking takes The place. edgeintroducing The edge public interaction to the space. of the street of the witnesses street witnesses everyday everyday recreational recreational activities and activities benchand benchContrasting the previous conditions, themost flatescases edges of cases the factories leave no room for informality, es in in most that allow that public allow public resulting in undesignated parking and fewer interaction shops suffi ce the workers of the factory. Bifurcation interaction and to forms and gathering forms gathering There are certain that in making the frontage Varying setbacks in activities on thespecifi basiscoffactors land use iscontribute also spaces caused due to buildings thatactive. become an attractor to spaces create edge conditions leaving opportunity for informality to unfold. In slums, setbacks severalinteresting other activities. give enclosure to a space, transforming them into semi private spaces with otlas and khatlas to proliferate, riseMosque to everyday household activities.that Similarly, alongduring the commercial and instituThe Schoolgiving and the are two such attractors lure people specific period of the tional edges, setbacks small shops and pansemigallasprivate introducing public to day generating differentaccommodate kind of activities, which lacks in the spaces of theinteraction apartments the andspace. BSUP housing. Hence, the integration and relationship of several such elements such as – form, setbacks, land use, building typology, street hierarchy, define the degree public and private

10. Aanganvadi (28.47%)

4. Slum (12.3%)

11. WAREHOUSE

INFERENCE 11. WAREHOUSE 7. Complex (57.69%)

Many warehouses can be seen in the industrial area. The height of these warehouse is 9m with no windows. These warehouses contain only one door which opens to a room which contains

Figure 14

Figure 15

Figure 16 INTRODUCTION

NETWORK CONNECTIVITY V/S PERMEABILITY

SITE OVERVIEW

Sardar Colony, Vadaj is an area located in western Ahmedabad. It has a very interesting spread as its centre is a park. The area has grown around that park. Earlier being a village and then the further development of the area overtime, differentiates its character with variety of urban grains. : Figure 25

STREETS AND SPACES

The area is covered by the arterial streets peripheral. Even though, being highly residential area the inner streets are majorly local with very few collector, the streets are very active with several activities depending upon the type of residential grain. : Figure 26 shows interconnections amongst junctions and collective open spaces. Although the area consists of both, they form independent systems for which width of the street is a key factor. Figure 23

NETWORK CONNECTIVITY

Vadaj is well connected through different levels of streets which connect slums to major streets, housing societies, gated communities to major streets and the inner as well as major streets. Most of the streets entering slums end up as cul-de-secs. : Figure 17 Also the streets which are further connected to the major network of the city have the highest degree of centrality value. They are used by people of Vadaj for informal commercial spillovers, as small neighbourhood scale markets, easy to manage the flows.: Figure 18

Betweenness states the most frequent paths of all sets of nodes. The area being highly residential, the most used streets are the connecting streets to the peripheral arterial streets, and some of the internal arterial streets which are used as thoroughfare. : Figure 19

ISOVIST

Housing Societies present in Vadaj have three to four storey buildings. It forms a visual territorial space which is used for parking, sitting, gathering, playing etc. only by the residents. : Figure 20 Narrow streets with single storey shared wall row-houses on both sides consists of small different shops catering daily needs, converts a public street into a semi-private space, used for all, by all. : Figure 21

PERMEABILITY

Permeability of the space not only depends on the street patterns or networks but also on several factors which mentioned in Figure 27.

pura Navrang

BHIMJIPURA ROAD

KIR

PAR K

ROA

NEW ASHRAM ROAD

RTO

NA VA

VA D

YA A

COMPOU

ND RO

ug iba ah Sh

SHIVAJI

JUNA VADAJ BUS TERMINUS

Usmanpura

Figure 17 low

high high Degree Centrality

Figure 20

Isovist

Figure 22

Built v/s Open

Figure 24

Closeness Centrality (Integration)

Figure 21

Isovist

Figure 23

Open spaces v/s Junctions

Figure 25

low

100

200 M

closeness

Figure 18

0.5

Street type (functional) Street widths Transportation Network

Land Use

Movement of people

Major junctions Network integration Street hierarchies

On street activities

Urban Fabric

Permeability of an urban space

Land use Built Morphology

Building Type

Sense of territoriality

Building orientation Building heights Building density

Volume of the space

Figure 19

0.3

Betweenness Centrality (Choice)

Figure 27

Permeability

Figure 26

Street Hierarchy+major attractors

ANALYTICAL PLUGINS

ISOVIST

open spaces and wide streets are visually less complex as compared to the inner private spaces as number of obstructions are less which sets the level of privacy and publicity. Hence, the types of activities performed, change its nature accordingly. : Figure 28 Black areas (low Red and Green

Orange-ish areas (higher Red than Green)

channels) are areas which are both

are areas which are open but have lower

very closed and visually not com-

visual complexity

plex

PATCH 2: KATHIRYA NI CHALI

Yellow areas (high Red and Green

Darker yellow/mustard (higher Green than

channels) are areas which are both

Red) are areas which are less open but

very open and visually complex

have high visual complexity PATCH 3: SHEETAL VARSHA

SOLAR RADIATION

Compactly oriented building blocks experience minimum(only incident) solar radiation whereas separately oriented building blocks experience maximum(both incident and reflective) solar radiation. Height of the building increases, radiation of the surrounding decreases. : Figure 29

SUNSHADING

It is clearly seen in Figure 30 that it is so compact and the orientation is such that it can self shade the open areas throughout the year.

Legend

The analysis has been done for a period of 5 months from 6 am of 12 january to 6 pm of 28th may. TYPE OF ANALYSIS It is the amount of radiation recieved on any given surface

PATCH 2: KATHIYARA NI CHALI

PATCH 3: SHEETAL VARSHA

BLOCKS: LEGEND Black areasinference (low Red and Green A common drawn channels) are areas which are from this patches is that usually both very closed and visually not building complexblocks which are compactly oriented experience Orange-ish areas (higher Red than minimum radiation Green) arethermal areas which are openand but remains cooler, Dhal ni pol, have lower visual e.g.: complexity its Yellow narrow streets organic areas (high and Red and Green channels) are areas which are both orientation of houses produces very open and visually complex more shadows which shows that theDarker amount of incident radiation is yellow/mustard (higher Green Red) reflected are areas which less andthan mostly radiation are less open but have high visual is experienced by the walls of the complexity houses thus they remain cooler even in summers and also people often tend to use outdoor spaces even in summers for their work and leisure.

from th hours 4] 248 5] 599 6] 958

Those which are segregated enough remains significantly hotter, eg: Shetal Varsha as it experiences both incident and reflective radiation resulting in hotter environment making it less usable is space by street ISOVIST the sets of allvendors. points

2295.11 - 10.39 m

420.55 - 19.30 m

4484.1 - 18.46 m

465.78 - 26.66 m

The an a perio from th hours 4] 267 5] 609

visible from a given vantage OPEN SPACES STREETS: point in space withAND respect to an environment. Its shape and size These are spaces which is experience liable to change withradiation position. maximun The method relevant because thereseems surface mostly to remains behavioural andto perceptual exposed sunlight and studies in architecture, get less shade. Thus especially it is usually by street vendors unless in less the used areas of view control, they have a tree or shadow of any privacy, defensibility, dynamic nearby building provide shade. complexity and tospaciousness judgements.

6] 843

GRAPH

1200000 1000000 800000 600000 400000

HEIGHT OF THE BUILDING:

Isovists provided The moreare the height of the with numerical that quantify building measures , lesser the radiation some salient size andnearby shape is expereience by the features. built environment as it acts as a sheild for directinradiation and athe These measures turn create remains setsurface of scalar isovistcololer fields.because it is experiencing only reflected radiation. The study helps us understand the visual complexity in different urban patches of the city. It quantifies a space based on how it is experienced at the human scale. PARTH PATEL UD4916

PLACEMAKING | THEMATIC ANALYSIS : SOLAR RADIATION 0 25 50 100 M - DIVA GENERATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR URBAN PLACEMAKING | THEMATIC ANALYSIS : SUNSHADING Figure 28 Figure 29 Figure 30 Solar Radiation - Dhal ni Pol, Manekchawk Isovist - Kathiyara ni Chali, Jamalpur

200000 0

The gr measu the sur the lev to Jan highes is an ex the kin in Ahm condit 0

100

200 M

Sunshading -Dhal ni Pol, Manekchawk SHUBHANGI SAXENA UD3616

GEO

SUNLIGHT HOUR

PATCH 2: KATHIRYA NI CHALI

PATCH 1: NID

PATCH 3: SHEETAL VARSHA

Sunlight hour is measured to study direct exposure of a building to Sun. It also depends on the height of the building and surroundings. If the fabric is dense, the sunlight hour will be reduced. Also if there is a tall building in a fabric, it will affect the sunlight hours of the surrounding buildings. : Figure 31

H 2: KATHIYARA NI CHALI

Legend Analysis Period MonthsJanuary (coldest) and May (hottest) Time06:00-18:00 (as per the recorded hottest and coldest months in 2017)

PATCH 3: INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS

WIND ANALYSIS

Wind direction on our site is Southwest - Northeast. The wind velocity varies between 3-5 m/s. Wind velocity above 5 m/s is beyond human comfort level.

January

Low rise residential and open spaces on site reduce the wind velocity, almost to zero. High rise buildings increase wind velocity upto 5 m/s thus higher velocity on upper levels create cavity zones are created on the other side of the building. : Figure 32

May

Legend

TYPE OF ANALYSIS We can use these metrics within the generative design process to automatically ‘evolve’ building forms that perform better in relation to the sunlight hours and surfaces that receive the maximum/minimum amount to decide organization, orientation, material of form. INFERENCES In terms of building - how a building interacts with the sun in the environment, including the extentWind to which it obstructs velocity sun from other objects in the environment and how much (m/s) solar radiation is absorbed by different parts of the building. Since these metrics can be calculated statically they are very useful for generative design

Static Pressure (Pa)

Wind Rose

Different areas have different types of built fabric, Hence the variation in built and unbuilt density.

January

May

January

May

GENERATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR URBAN PLACEMAKING | THEMATIC ANALYSIS : SUNLIGHT HOURS

SKY VIEW FACTOR

May 1st to May 31st (24hours)

May

January 25

It is clearly seen in Figure 30 that it is so compact and the orientation is such that it can self shade the open areas throughout the year.

C. APARNAA 100 M

UD0716

SHAURYA ANAND UD3316

TYPE OF ANALYSIS Wind simulation at pedestrian level in the streets of

PATCH 6: DHAL NI POL

INFERENCES

PATCH 2: KATHIYARA NI CHALI

HOURS

PATCH 3: INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS

- Relation with Sunpath

The movement of the sun determines the sunlight hours exposure. The terraces or roofs and ground surface gain the maximum sunlight hours, and this maximum differs in the coldest and hottest months. -Height of the built form The height plays a major role in analysis of sunlight hours. As it results into the decrease of sunlight hours on the surrounding small built forms and ground surface, as seen in the case of Sheetal Varsha.

January

TYPE OF ANALYSIS

Figure 31

May 25

100 M

Sunlight Hour - Dhal ni Pol, Manekchawk

Wind Rose

This is in correlation with the distance between the height of the forms and the presence of open spaces that determines how much of the surface will be shielded. In case of Dhal Ni Pol, the dense packed structure with a considerable height effectively reduces the sunlight hours both on the built and ground surface.

Thus, the stark difference is across the river, between the old city and new city.

Static Pressure (Pa)

May 1st to May 31st (24hours)

There is a stark difference between a dense organic settlement of row houses with a strong grid pattern having variation is sunlight hours as there is less sun gain in the inner residential street, as seen in Dhal Ni Pol. Whereas the wider street attracts more open space for sun-gain, like in the Patch in the case of NID and settlements on Riverfront.

January

Wind velocity (m/s)

- Distance of or area between open spaces

-Street orientation

May

Legend

C. APARNAA

UD0716

Figure ANAND 32 SHAURYA UD3316

GENERATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR URBAN PLACEMAKING |THEMATIC

Wind simulation at pedestrian level in the streets of Ahmedabad, is done using Computational Fluid Dynamics. It measures the velocity of wind (m/s) flowing through the built form along with the pressure (Pa) that the wind has on the built surfaces. INFERENCE Wind analysis is done to study how the current built form is getting affected due to flow, speed and directions of wind and how it is accommodating with human comfort. Also how new built forms in the area could be established based on this analysis. By analysing Static pressure we can know the temporary structural effects of wind on buildings. According to the climatic studies the summer month of May has the highest wind speed, hence South West direction for the month of May Figurechosen 33 for the study. Sky TheView Factor- Dhal ni Pol, Manekchawk Wind Analysis - Informal Settlements was month of May shows that the N 0 50 100 200 M ANALYSIS : SKY VIEW FACTORwind velocity varies between

Thes each form sunli the h G, G that sunli henc role i to th width sunli of 1m any s is no due t form comm shee areas vulen due t rise b the a into t in the betw to let creat There the d the s

URBAN BLOCK_MANHATTAN

PARAMETERS

Figure 34

FITNESS CRITERIA

Figure 39

GENES v/s FITNESS CRITERIA BODY PLAN EVOLUTION

shows the parameters considered for block generation, constants and variants. shows different fitness criteria on the basis of which the generated blocks are going to be evaluated. shows the relationships between genes and fitness criteria which helps us understand what parameters are important to consider for which kind of fitness criteria. Figure 41

shows the basic body plan of the bock which basically shows the constraints of the generated blocks. Figure 40

Figure 35, Figure 36, Figure 37, Figure 38, Figure 43, Figure 44 show

the imagined evolution of a Manhattan block, based on the generated blocks through the evolutionary computational process.

BODY PLAN

80 m

CONSTANTS

600 m

30 m

Depth of the Block

VARIATION | RANGES

General information 0-30m

Manhattanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s uncontrolled development and a decline in public health epidemics attributed to Manhattanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cramps and irregular streets which is when the development of a grid structure was initiated.

One of the strengths of the grid has been its flexibility to accomodate irregular spaces over time.

Figure 40

It is a living framework which enabled a city to grow and evolve over time into several blocks.

Genepool Parameters

Fitness Criteria

The plan established of 12 North-South Avenues and 155 East-West streets.

0-15m

Figure 42 Offset distances

Fitness Criteria

Offset distances

Maximise green spaces

0-10m

PSEUDO CODE

Scanned by CamScanner

Number of openings

Genepool Parameters

Maximise green spaces

Offset from the streets

Maximise built space

Depth of the block

Depth of the block Maximise sky view factor

Number of building units

m Floor heights

1. Prompt the user to indicate the length and the breadth of the urbanblock

2. Explode all the four edges of the blocks

3. Prompt the user to define the depth of the block by offsetting the shorter 6-50 edges floors

Number of building units Maximise sunlight hour

4. Divide the shorter edges and the inner units moved edgesNumber with aofvariable factor

Floor heights

Floor units moved

11. Draw surfaces using the offset lines 10. Prompt the user to create segments with the given points on the shorter edges and randomly offset them inwards or outwards Number of openings

15. Extrude the ground plane into building block, extrusion factor : standard building height

16. copy all the blocks vertically to add floors (number of copies : random values between six to fifty)

Scanned by CamScanner

FITNESS CRITERIA

Figure 35

Figure 36

The idea behind choosing this image was to show the evolution of the city. How it was developed as an island to a land of skyscrapers.

Figure 37

Maximise

12. Put variable to the building between blocks for it to distance change randomly on the shorter edges

connections

Figure 43

HARSH SHAH UD3216 RUJU JOSHI UD4516

17. Extrude floors randomly to create private open spaces (number of floors : hundred, extrusion factor : variable between zero to ten meters)

18. Remove the extruded floors to avoid repetition

MAXIMISE SUNLIGHT HOUR

MAXIMISE THE LENGTH BETWEEN OPENINGS

Scanned by CamScanner

14.Introduce streets in-between building blocks

Maximise sunlight hour

9. Prompt the user to create segments with the given points on the longer edges and randomly offset them inwards or outwards. Segment size :Average width of the building blocks

Figure 41 Figure 34 GENERATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR URBAN PLACEMAKING | DISTRIBUTION AND VARIATION | URBAN BLOCKS : MANHATTAN

13. Put variable to the building blocks for it to change randomly on the longer edges

The image below, shows Union Square today.

Number of units moved

0-10m 8. Connect the divided points

and draw a centre line

Maximise distance between connections

Number of openings

7. Offset the centre line and divide the edges

5. Draw lines between shorter edges and two new edges

Scanned by CamScanner

Floor Heights

600

The image besides, is an oil painting from 1885 that imagines what the junction of Bowery and Maximise sky Broadway, the area that view factor became Union Square, looked like during 6. Find the midpoints of the two new edges colonial times.

Figure 38

Scanned by CamScanner

REDEFINED BLOCK

Figure 39

MAXIMISE GREEN SPACE

MAXIMISE BUILT VOLUME

MAXIMISE SKY VIEW FACTOR

HARSH SHAH UD3216

Figure 44

Scanned by CamScanner

Offsets from street

The people of New York had to deal with the ongoing project of leveling land to make way for Manhattan streets over the decades for it to realise that the grid was the only solution.

BLOCK GENERATION PSEUDO CODE

The pseudo code shows the steps that were followed to generate a block with different constant and variable parameters along with numerous evaluating fitness criteria. show pereto fronts from all five generations with average fitness criteria. Figure 45, Figure 46, Figure 47, Figure 48

PSEUDO CODE

600

1. Prompt the user to indicate the length and the breadth of the urbanblock

2. Explode all the four edges of the blocks

3. Prompt the user to define the depth of the block by offsetting the shorter edges

4. Divide the shorter edges and the inner edges with a variable factor

5. Draw lines between shorter edges and two new edges

G5.04

6. Find the midpoints of the two new edges and draw a centre line

G2.05

7. Offset the centre line and divide the edges

8. Connect the divided points

9. Prompt the user to create segments with the given points on the longer edges and randomly offset them inwards or outwards. Segment size :Average width of the building blocks

10. Prompt the user to create segments with the given points on the shorter edges and randomly offset them inwards or outwards

11. Draw surfaces using the offset lines

12. Put variable to the building blocks for it to change randomly on the shorter edges

E A = 3870.81 m 13. Put variable to the building blocks for it to change randomly on the longer edges

PARETO FRONT

REDEFINED BLOCK

14.Introduce streets in-between building blocks

FITNESS CRITERIA

15. Extrude the ground plane into building block, extrusion factor : standard building height

PARETO FRONT

MAXIMISE GREEN SPACE

Figure 45

Figure 46

G5.04

G2.05

MAXIMISE BUILT VOLUME

E A = 3801.72 m

B = 488865.67 m

3 16. copy all the blocks vertically to add floors (number of copies : random values between six to fifty)

C = 63.22

D = 4683.00 FC A - MAXIMISE GREEN E = 6203.13 m SPACE

MAXIMISE SKY VIEW FACTOR

B = 511009.09 m3 18. Remove the extruded floors to avoid

17. Extrude floors randomly to create private open spaces (number of floors : hundred, extrusion factor : variable between zero to ten meters)

C = 42.53

MAXIMISE SUNLIGHT HOUR

Figure 47

G5.05

repetition

D = 4094.00 FC B - MAXIMISE BUILT VOLUME E = 6259.09 m

GENERATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR URBAN PLACEMAKING | DISTRIBUTION AND VARIATION | URBAN BLOCKS : MANHATTAN

G2.09

Figure 48

G1.03

G2.06

B C

D FC C - MAXI FACTOR E

MAXIMISE THE LENGTH BETWEEN OPENINGS

HARSH SHAH UD3216 RUJU JOSHI UD4516

G5.08

DESIGN

AIM

To create a contextualised walkable compact neighbourhood of different built typologies integrated with levels of open spaces Movement generators and catchment

Potential points for network placement

Movement generators and movement

Potential routes for larger connectivity network

Attractors and public open spaces

To identify and connect existing, introduce new potential public open spaces

Spaces and uses

To identify potentials and flaws of the site built open relationships in order to make it more efficient

Streets and block division

Primary network Secondary network Blocks division Population distribution

Land distribution

Built open and land use distribution

Detailed blocks overall connectivity Detailed blocks generation

Streets as semi-private spaces - chawls Street market - chawls

Commercial - APMC junction

Kite making

Pani Puri making

Chawls

Riverfront - Jamalpur Appartments

Bungalows Figure 49

Riverfront - NID

SITE ANALYSIS : PHASE 2

MOVEMENT GENERATORS AND CATCHMENTS

shows major transit nodes of the city connected to and around the site such as AMTS, BRTS, metro, shuttle network, new proposed route. Lines show the routes whereas dots show the catchments areas (stops). Figure 54

Considering Jamalpur, Calico mill and its surrounding area is a bit disconnected from the public transit network of the city as seen in Figure 54. AMTS frequency is not so well and BRTS is not in walkable distance. So, the major, faster, easier and cheaper way of transit for the residents, workers as well as visitors of the area, is the shuttle system. : Figure 52 Moreover, to avoid congestion on major routes (Figure 51) and long turns people (both vehicles and pedestrians) tend to take shortcuts through the calico mill area which is officially a private land. : Figure 52 Catchment areas are created around the site due to such movements and shuttle stops, give clues to develop a network such that potential catchment areas can be considered as entry and exit points of the network on site whereas busy catchments can act as repellers for the same. : Figure 50, Figure 53

BRTS New route introduced BRTS

Geeta Mandir Figure 50

Khodiyar nagar

APMC

Calico mill

Danilimda

Lal Darwaja

Figure 51

Paldi

New route introduced Metro

Figure 52

Figure 53

Figure 54

Major transit routes and nodes around the site

MOVEMENT GENERATORS AND MOVEMENTS

The map shows different movement generators around the site. It is observed that Jamalpur trades with almost all major areas of the city. Movement as the major part of a network, is a very important factor while studying integration of open spaces.

Danilimda

Steel/Banger shops Timber shops Production units APMC market Commercial/Retail Figure 55

Pani Puri N

ATTRACTORS AND PUBLIC OPEN SPACES

The map shows different attractive spots around the site and its proximities. Green areas are the present public open spaces on site as while integrating open spaces, these open spaces can be considered.

Public open spaces Riverfront Commercial/retail shops Pani Puri vendors

grocery, bakery, shoes, snacks, jewellery, medical, automobile

Non veg food stalls/shops Mosque Temporary vending Temple

Figure 56

vegetables, fruits, milk, utensils, shoes, milk, babgles, clothes, ice crush

SPACES AND USES

To create a contextualised mixed use walkbale neighbourhood, one needs to study the existing neighbourhood in detail for which, four different types of patches on site were identified to study, evaluate and infer to different factors. : Figure 57 Factors like built v/s open footprint, built volume, open spaces (hierarchies of open spaces including streets), building heights, land uses, activities, number of dwellings and number of people were calculated for each patch. : Figure 58, Figure 59, Figure 60, Figure 61 Collected data was further compared, analysed and evaluated by finding per person space ratios for each patch. : Figure 58, Figure 59, Figure 60, Figure 61

Then the data was compared with the standards of affordable housing, WHO, some case studies and some thesis. On the basis of such comparisons, new standards for per person ratios of spaces were developed and the site area (built open, land uses) was distributed accordingly.

Figure 57

0 25 50 100

SHEETAL VARSHA

Building Footprint(200*200m)45.87%

Open Spaces

41.30%

Streets

14.42 %

1.52 1.30 26.07 9.32 3.31 2.26

Land Use %

26.07 0.40 0.16

One Square = 10 Units Number of Units 753 One Square = 100 people

3820

1500

Population Density FAR - 3.50 Total built area : 64,296.53 sq. m Built area per person (sq. m) 53.54 8.66 13.90 10.3547.32 3.73

2.45 2.60

Open area per person : 3.11 3.73

Building Heights

Open Space Hierarchy

Stalls outside a school

35.65% 5.65%

Street Hierarchy

3.32% 3.97% 7.13%

Built - Open Relationships

APMC Junction Chaos

0.42

Total population : 5320

Calm societies N

GENERATIVE Figure 58

TECHNIQUES FOR URBAN PLACEMAKING | SITE INFERENCES | SHEETAL VARSHA

RUJU JOSHI_UD4516

KATHIYARA NI CHALI

Building Footprint(200*200m)54.66%

Open Spaces

26.15%

Streets

19.20 %

5.79

28.33

Land Use %

11.62 8.91

One Square = 10 Units Number of Units 270 One Square = 100 people

1500

5300

Population Density FAR - 2.00 Total built area : 43724.16 sq. m Built area per person (sq. m)

0.03

0.05

0.31 0.37

Open area per person : 1.54 1.54

Total population : 6800 Building Heights

Open Space Hierarchy

On street temporary market

26.15%

Street Hierarchy

7.50% 5.58% 6.11%

Temporal usage of streets by the residents (marriage)

Built - Open Relationships

Compact chawls

Fully shaded Narrow lanes N

GENERATIVE Figure 59

TECHNIQUES FOR URBAN PLACEMAKING | SITE INFERENCES | CHAWLS

RUJU JOSHI_UD4516

CALICO MILL SLUM

Building Footprint(200*200m)56.32%

Open Spaces

36.75%

Streets

6.93 %

24.02

21.19 2.99

Land Use %

3.02

5.11

One Square = 10 Units Number of Units 265 One Square = 100 people

1287

Population Density FAR - 1.00 Total built area : 22529.17 sq. m Built area per person (sq. m) 0.03

0.12 0.02

0.07

Open area per person : 0.09 0.04

0.12

Total population : 1367 Building Heights

Kite making

Open Space Hierarchy

Pani Puri making

7.70% 29.20%

Street Hierarchy

4.17% 2.17%

Built - Open Relationships

Riverfront edge of the informal residential

Character of a slum lane

Selling Pani Puri N

GENERATIVE Figure 60

TECHNIQUES FOR URBAN PLACEMAKING | SITE INFERENCES | SLUMS

RUJU JOSHI_UD4516

NID

Building Footprint(200*200m)27.07%

Open Spaces

47.10%

Streets

28.99 %

23.91

Land Use %

3.17

One Square = 10 Units Number of Units 153 One Square = 100 people

812

Population Density FAR - 4.63 Total built area : 55272.64 sq. m Built area per person (sq. m) 82.58

24.83

Open area per person : 23.20 23.20

Total population : 812 Building Heights

Open Space Hierarchy

Activities on riverfront

47.10%

Street Hierarchy

5.80% 52.90%13.17%

Gated Private societies

Built - Open Relationships

Calico Mills Land N

GENERATIVE Figure 61

TECHNIQUES FOR URBAN PLACEMAKING | SITE INFERENCES | NID

RUJU JOSHI_UD4516

TYPES OF BUILT-OPEN RELATIONSHIPS

After considering all the quantified data for each block, the built open relationship types were identified for each patch which included the hierarchies of open spaces, streets, land uses and configuration of a built form. Comparing these types with new developed standards and population that was supposed be addressed, new types were developed and the site area was distributed.

SHEETAL VARSHA

Figure 62

KATHIYARA NI CHALI

CALICO MILL SLUM

NID

STREETS AND BLOCKS DIVISION

PRIMARY NETWORK

Primary network is placed considering potential catchment areas, potential spots for public open spaces and its walkable proximities of 200m. : Figure 63

SECONDARY NETWORK

Secondary network is placed considering potential catchment areas around the site and walkable proximities of 200m. : Figure 64

BLOCK DIVISION

Primary street divides the site into two parts and with the secondary streets overlapped, the site is divided into 8 blocks. : Figure 65

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

The population is divided into blocks based on the land distribution of the site and the surrounding uses in three categories : high (3000-4000), medium(2000-3000) and low(1000-2000). : Figure 66

Primary Network

Figure 63

Figure 64

Secondary Network

6 7

High Density Medium Density

Block division - Primary, secondary network

Figure 65

Block Division

Low Density

Figure 66

Population Distribution

PUBLIC OPEN SPACES

COMMERCIAL

The site has only 2 major public spaces which are both compounded and religious. Very strong point behind introducing number of public open spaces on site is the lack of it. Also the spaces are strategically placed such that minimum one public open space can be reached from any of the blocks in walkable distances of 200m. 10% : Figure 67 Commercial are placed along the primary streets to create more opportunity spaces and is also based on the adjacent land uses with thriving commercial throughout the day. It is also with respect to the distribution of public open spaces. Different types of open spaces are catering to the commercial of the site. 5% : Figure 68

MIXED USE

A commonly observed pattern of mixed uses around the site caters to the daily needs of the residential. Every community or society have their own bunch of shops. Lack of space and time specific affordable markets encourage vending activities also is a part of it. Such mixed uses are provided in the walking distances of 200m for each block. 15% : Figure 69

SEMI OPEN SPACES

Semi private open spaces are the negatives of the public open spaces. They cater to the larger population of the chunk - the residential whereas the public open spaces are placed where there are more commercial areas. The â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Semiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; open spaces change their nature from type to type as the usage is different in different typologies. 24% : Figure 70

RESIDENTIAL

Different typologies of residential around the site is observed and based on the needs and concerns of the residents, they are all put together to create a high density compact neighbourhood which caters to the daily needs of the residents, and integrated levels of open spaces is what binds it all together. 33% : Figure 71

SOCIAL PROVISION

There are two primary schools and two anganwadi on site but there is no higher secondary school because of which many girls have to drop out of their school after their primary education is over. Considering this need, a higher secondary school is proposed which can cater to the entire area. 3% : Figure 72 *Standards : per person built and open space ratios which are further introduced with built open types

Figure 67

Public Open Spaces

Existing public open spaces + potential open spaces on site + primary network + population + standards*

Figure 68

Commercial

Figure 69

Mixed Use

Surrounding commercial and industrial areas + potential ar- Existing types, configuration + need + population + standeas connecting to existing on site + population + standards* ards*

Semi Open Spaces Figure 71 Residential Figure 72 Social Provision Existing public open spaces (inverse of public open spaces) Existing residential types, configuration, functionality poExisting social provisions + need + population + standards* - all the areas have access to all three levels of open spaces tentials + (inverse of commercial) to avoid hustle and bustle (private being in their houses) + population + standards* + population + standards* N Figure 70

OVERALL MANUAL LAND DISTRIBUTION

Figure 73

0 25 50 100

DETAILED DESIGN

IDENTIFIED BLOCKS : (200m * 200m)

The map shows the location of three detailed blocks with different built and open space types. : Figure 74

Block 1

Block 2

Block 3

Figure 74

0 25 50 100

OVERALL CONNECTIVITY

LAND USE

The map shows land uses for three detailed blocks with respect to the overall land distribution. : Figure 75

Figure 75

0 25 50 100

OPEN SPACE HIERARCHY

The map shows levels of open spaces for three detailed blocks with respect to the overall open space distribution. : Figure 76

Figure 76

0 25 50 100

BUILT - OPEN

The map shows built open relationships for three detailed blocks with respect to the overall built open distribution. : Figure 77

Figure 77

0 25 50 100

BLOCK GENERATION

GENES, FITNESS CRITERIA BUILT - OPEN TYPES

Figure 78 shows

parameters and fitness criteria relationships considered while generating and evaluating three blocks. Built open types show different types identified and modified from the existing types with newly analysed and developed per person ratios.

BUILT - OPEN TYPES

Per person area (sq m)

School

Mixed use

Built area - 10 Private open area - 5 Semi public open area - 3

Built area - 13 Private open area - 4 Semi public open area - 2 Figure 78

Per person area (sq m) Commercial

Per person area (sq m) Low density residential

Per person area (sq m) Medium density residential

Per person area (sq m) High density residential

Built area - 13 Private open area - 4 Semi public open area - 2

Built area - 10 Private open area - 6 Semi private open area - 3 Public open area - 1

Built area - 8 Private open area - 2 Semi private open area - 6 Public open area - 2

Built area - 6 Private open area - 4 Semi private open area - 4 Public open area - 2

BLOCK ONE

PSEUDO CODE CONSTANT Block size : 200m*200m Burial ground : 60m*30m Secondary Street : 10m

VARIABLE Type : residential Height : [3m-12m] No. of units : 12-16 Type : mixed use Height : [3m-6m] No. of units : 8-10 Type : school Height : [6m-9m] Figure 79

Vehicular Movement Figure 80

Figure 81

Pedestrian Movement Figure 82

Figure 83

BLOCK TWO

PSEUDO CODE CONSTANT Block size : 200m*200m Public open space : 75m*50m Primary Street : 21m

VARIABLE Type : residential Height : [3m-9m] No. of units : 6-8 Type : mixed use Height : [3m-6m] No. of units : 15-20 Type : commercial Height : [6m-18m] No. of units : 6-8

Figure 84

Vehicular Movement Figure 85

Figure 86

Pedestrian Movement Figure 87

Figure 88

BLOCK THREE

PSEUDO CODE

30 m

200 m

40 m

CONSTANT

200 m

25 m

10 m

Block size : 200m*200m Commercial buildingsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; width : 25m Secondary Street : 10m

VARIABLE Type : residential Height : [3m-6m] No. of units : 100-120 Type : mixed use Height : [3m-6m] No. of units : 8-10

30 m

Type : commercial Height : [6m-18m] No. of units : 3-5

Figure 89

Vehicular Movement Figure 90

Figure 91

Pedestrian Movement Figure 92

Figure 93