The Temporal City - Yue Wu

Altered Metropolitan Yue Wu

Youtube link: https://youtu.be/nUYQYszrc4E

The Temporal City

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What is the City?

What is time?

The Temporal City

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The Temporal City

What is the City?

‘Memory is redundant; it repeats signs so that the city can begin to exist.’

‘Futures not achieved are only branches of the past: dead branches.’

– Italo Calvino, Invisible Cities The city is a combination of interdependencies and chemical chain reactions. It is never just a single object. More often than not, they are massive platforms. The city is a large scale perspective of interacting potentials. And it avoids formulaic repetition. It will be free to grow and interact each other. It is fragmentation; it is memory. It is a collection of human perceptions of the surrounding environment. It will have a high intensity of density. It will not be about imposing restrictions on details but instead expanding concepts. We are occupying more and more territory, but less and less of it is occupied. The city is a saturated assemblage spreading out into the countryside through a giant centralized town building.

Bijlmermeer Redevelopment (1985) OMA overlay another structure within it of natural systems, for example for other circulation systems, to in a way intervene into the existing structure, to put diversity into it and specificity

What is time?

Time is the frame, as well as a vector. It is the measuring element to evaluate the outcome. When the essential parts of the city are designed, the rest grows naturally. Time is the most critical element in responding to the results. When there is no time, everything becomes a stable point. When time flows, points become lines. Countless lines combine to form masses and edges. When time exists, the results of butterfly effects and interactions from activities in the city become the predicted unknowns.

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Mining the City

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OFF-STREET CAR PARKS The number of off-street parking spaces recorded for each property from 2002 to 2019. Parking can be categorized as: - Commercial: parking in publicly accessible paid parking facilities - Residential: parking in residential buildings or properties - Private: Parking in a non-residential building for employees, customers or visitors The diagram above uses different colours to represent the categories of parking and show the trend yearly. We can see that private parking lots occupy the most, followed by commercial and finally residential. The distribution of parking lots is more concentrated in Melbourne central.

Through mining the city, Melbourne central has a large amount of foot traffic compared to other areas. The connection with the existing parking spaces in terms of years shows that a lot of off-street car parking occupies 30% of the space in the city; however, the analysis of the foot traffic shows that it is not highly used.

Youtube link: https://youtu.be/d5Go6S383XE (ΔT)3

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PEDESTRIAN ACTIVITY & OFF-STREET CAR PARKS The data pedestrian counts can be helpful to understand the different locations people are in at other times so that one can infer their activity. The main few areas are near several train stations within the CBD. The data is updated once a month and can be used to determine action on a day-by-day basis. Pedestrian counts can help me understand where people are at different times of the day to infer their activity.

In the above set of graphs, the different coloured lines represent the types of parking lots. The style of the previous image is continued.

It shows the relationship between foot traffic and off-street parking lots in different years and the connection in a network way.

Youtube link: https://youtu.be/d5Go6S383XE (ΔT)3

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FLOOR SPACE By analyzing the pedestrian flow and parking spaces, I decided to further understand the city from the perspective of spatial arrangement. So I started a more detailed investigation.

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Floor space by block connections - Commercial Types

Commercial Commercial Accommodation Office Community Use Equipment Installation

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Floor space by block connections - Entertainment Types

Entertainment Recreation Indoor Performances Conferences

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Floor space by block connections - Industrail Types

Industrial Manufacturing Storage Wholesale

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Floor space by block connections - Institutional Types

Institutional Educational Research Hospital Clinic Workshop Studio Transport

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Floor space by block connections - Residential Types

Residential Residential Apartment Institutional Accommodation Student Accommodation House Townhouse

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Floor space by use by block 2008-2018

The data shows floor space (in square metres) per city block, classified by their space use and small area allocation. We have explored it in more detail for better prediction. Blocks are divided into different proportions and colors depending on the type of space use.We show the alternating bars with different functional percentages of blocks in CBD from 2008 to 2018, and the colors represent different types of space.

Youtube link: https://youtu.be/_Z8pztSk13E

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Commercial 2008-2018

The number of floor space by Commercial increased steadily from 2002 to 2010. It significantly increased in 2011 and 2012, and then decreased in 2013 to a smaller number in 2011.

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Entertainment 2008-2018

The number of floor space by entertainment has continued to increase. There is also not much variation between spatial relationships.

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Industrial 2008-2018

Manufacturing in industrial was approaching 1 million in 2002 and dropped since then, to just over 400K in 2019. The direction of the shift to the southern cross shows in the spatial relationship.

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Institutional 2008-2018

The number of institutional keeps growing and is at its peak in 2010, 2012, and 2018. The network shows a state that presents a uniform distribution.

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Floor space use network connections 2018

By exploring the diversity of functional connectivity in the CBD, it is possible to conclude that the most suitable functions for the priority roads are the ones with the highest connectivity and potential as shown in the figure - commercial, entertainment, residential.

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Block Study

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EXISTING BLOCK STUDY BLOCK N. 76 QV MELBOURNE/ QV1 MELBOURNE

Shopping centre in the City of Melbourne, Victoria Apartment building in the City of Melbourne, Victoria

Floor space by use by block from Open Melbourne Data 2019

Satellite view from Metromap 8/2021

BLOCK STUDY SATELITE VIEWS

Satellite view from Metromap 2001

Satellite view from Metromap 2006

Satellite view from Metromap 2009

Satellite view from Metromap 2014

Satellite view from Metromap 2015

Satellite view from Metromap 2016

Satellite view from Metromap 2017

Satellite view from Metromap 2018

Satellite view from Metromap 2019

Satellite view from Metromap 2020

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“A CITY IS NOT A TREE”

EXISTING BLOCK STUDY LEVEL 3

LEVEL 4 CENTRE MANAGEMENT

SECURITY OFFICE

QT017

SPACE NETWORK

JB L34

JB L30

222 LONSDALE STREET

LAGUNAORIENTAL SUPERMARKET

QT002

DOMAYNE

JB L01

222 LONSDALE STREET

QT001

HARVEY NORMAN

LEVEL 1

LEVEL 2 LITTLE LONSDALE STREET

1-017

1-005

176-178 LON

180 LONSDALE STREET

172-174 LON

LON192A

1-007

LON192B

1-071

1-073

1-069

1-001A 1-001

L180

LL213

LL197

LL243

LL251

LL185

RU277

QS013

RCL24

RCL18

QS009 RCL30

OFFICEWORKS

QS017

RCL16

QS011

JANE BELL LANE

RED CAPE LANE

SWN 292

RCL27

RCL23

QS025

QS003

QV SQUARE

RCL17

ART24

RU261 ART18

QS002

QS029

RUSSELL STREET

1-002

1-009

LL245

SW296

ART14 ART08

1-050

1-040

1-056

0-081

LO 290

228-234 LON

1-075

QUEEN VICTORIA WOMENS CENTRE

LO200

222 LONSDALE STREET

SHILLINGLANE

C

LO224

ACL21

LO236

LO250

ACL09

1-013

1-017A 1-065

ACL17 ACL13

LO241

SW280 QVA-01

1-036

ACL16

ACL20

ACL22-24

ACL28

ACL26

1-061 ACL12

ALBERT COATES LANE

ACL35

ACL31

ACL35A

SWANSTONSTREET

SW288

1-019

OFFICEWORKS

RCL20

1-008

DAN MURPHY’S

ART28

RU259

ARTEMIS LANE RUS251

1-020

1-057

1-023

RCL22

1-034

1-028

1-014

RCL26

1-025

1-051

SW280A

SWANSTONSTREET

1-027

1-031

RUSSELL STREET

1-047

1-052

1-029

1-041

1-043

1-045

LL243

LL245

RCL15

which is crippling our conceptions of the city.”

DOMAYNE

DOMAYNE

RCL35

“This enormously greater variety is an index of the great structural complexity a semilattice can have when compared with the structural of a tree. It is this lack of structural complexity, characteristic of trees,

JB L26

JANE BELL LANE

QV TERRACE

- Christopher Alexander, 1965. A city is not a tree. Architectural forum, 122, 58-62.

LL191

QT023/296

RUSSELL STREET

LITTLE LONSDALE STREET

LL249

222 LONSDALE STREET

QUEEN VICTORIA WOMENS CENTRE

ART31

ART25

180 LONSDALE STREET

ART07

LONSDALE STREET

UNDERCROFT BWS

K0002

K003

WOOLWORTHS

BIG W K0001

Tree Structures Semilattice (a) and Tree Structures (b)

PROPOSED SPACE NETWORK

Simple vs. Complex Organic vs. Artificial It reduces the distance between people, minimizes the

Tree structure spatial relationships from large to small, in which there is no interaction.

economic gap between rich and poor and creates a diversity of land use. It integrates them with nature. It allows for the combination of different businesses and increases

Semilattice's spatial relationships overlap each other. The social relations between people are also interlocking, and different sets are cross-linking.

human interaction and communication.

This complexity gives the city its diversity and dynamism, while modernism, with its strict functional zoning that creates a tree-like structure, stifles the city's possibilities.

Semilattice

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“A CITY IS NOT A TREE“ By focusing on the spatial arrangement of the city in detail, I chose to further investigate the QV block due to its plurality. I found its day to week space use and foot traffic to be very monotonous, as shown in the diagram. This strict functional zoning of modernism creates tree structure, which reduces the city’s possibilities. Moreover, it isolates people from each other. To build more diversity in the city，the semilattice structure of spatial relationships from “the city is not a tree” is used to redefine the city. It’s an essay by Christopher Alexander.

Using it as a source of inspiration, I wanted to allow people to mix spaces at different times of the day and break down barriers.

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Conflation, Interpretat

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tion & Amplification

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I use semilattice structure to explore how spaces can be arranged.

From the data analysis, the problem of too much parking can be reoccupy through digital platforms in the next 10 to 50 years. Different kinds of spaces combine eight different block types. They form a mixture of work-based, entertainment-based, or accommodationbased hybrid buildings by allocating them in different proportions.

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Back to data, the current urban fabric and its connectivity can be analyzed from floor space by block. It can be used as a basis to extrapolate the future city. The proposed urban program shows the diversity of the current changes.

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Next, block alignment adheres to 5 rules. The first is the need for daylight in each building, from orientation to materials, to ensure that people have access to the maximum area of sunlight. The second is the overlapping use of space in conjunction with the semilattice structure, described above, mixing different regions. Creating exciting communities and making them more intriguing. The third is limiting building heights and better managing each neighbourhood.

The fourth is to consider the different users - human and non-human, which requires the elimination of all distinctions between technology or nature and society.

Finally, there is the sharing of resources. It enhances the overall intensive development and promotes more connections between people and their social relationships.

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Elasticity - 10, 20, 30 y

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year plan

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Time: 5

Time: 10

Time: 20

Time: 25

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Time: 15

Time: 30

Combine different kinds of spatial types according to the above permutations. Alignment and generation of DNA simulations for the whole CBD. Change and stacking in five-year increments. Next is how they are generated individually, and the location.

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ACCOMMODATION

time: 5

time: 20

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COMMERCIAL

time: 5

time: 20

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COMMUNITY

time: 5

time: 20

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time: 10

time: 15

time: 25

time: 30

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DIGITAL PLATFORMS AGENT: HUMAN

time: 5

time: 20

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time: 10

time: 15

time: 25

time: 30

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DIGITAL PLATFORMS AGENT: NON - HUMAN

time: 5

time: 20

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time: 10

time: 15

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FOOD

time: 5

time: 20

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time: 10

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OFFICE

time: 5

time: 20

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RETAIL

time: 5

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Proposition

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COMPONENT

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accommodation

commercial

digital platforms agent: non - human

food

community

digital platforms agent: human

office

retail

The use of different spaces is designed on a case-by-case basis. The different degrees of openness required for their spaces were considered to match the geometry, as well as going back to urban rules and considering how sunlight enters the different blocks.

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The building blocks assembled in different groups are missing their proportions and specific functionality. It does not reflect how the functions of my building are integrated and evolved.

Youtube link: https://youtu.be/EDChOKVeBo8

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Return Brief

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CONFUSION 1. rules for the future growth of the city are quite disconnected 2. space, density and scale 3. sensor - deeper understanding per block 4. dichotomy- the static and the kinetic

SOLUTIONS 1. Go back to urban rules on how to use these rules to restrict the block after showing that some programs don’t need much direct sunlight. The location of the assigned blocks is also relevant.

2. The focus is on closed systems and open systems. Perhaps it is essential to be more open and less strict about these rules. I need to consider some matrices to discuss the density. Use area ratios to describe crucial scales.

3. Select one of the city’s blocks to focus on the design, and when the building of a specific function is brought to detail, it can become a new logic and then be placed in the whole city.

4. How my typology of architecture exists in a more detailed way and logically and how it regulates something specific. Show more details of the process as well as the logic.

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Actor-Network Theory (ANT) is based on the sociological tradition of its main proponent, Bruno Latour, who called non-human agents in networks the ‘missing masses’ in society. All elements in the network are equally mediated to each other, both human and non-human, and each element is able to completely transform the activities within the network. Intercoordination create a dense network of interdependencies - the more pervasive the network, the more self-reinforcing it becomes.

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1. generaliz

2. hybrid en

3. free asso

Embodied simulations of physical phenomena

zed symmetry

Actant

Actant

device

ntities

device

ociation

Actant human

Actant device

Actant device

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Space types

Semi-Open/Closed

Open

Community - Kinetic Retail - Static/ Kinetic

Commercial - Kinetic Food - Kinetic Greenery - Static

Space ratio

Semi-Open/Closed Retail - static/ kinetic

Open Greenery - static

Close

3m × 3m The Temporal City

Accommodation - static Dgitial Platforms by human - kinetic Mobile Office - kinetic

6m × 6m

Close Accommodation - Static

Dgitial Platforms by AI - Static Dgitial Platforms by human - Kinetic Mobile Office - Kinetic

Semi-Open/Closed

Semi-Open/Closed

Community - kinetic Retail - static/ kinetic

Community - kinetic

Open

Open

Commercial - kinetic Food - kinetic

Commercial - kinetic Food - kinetic

Close Accommodation - static Dgitial Platforms by human - kinetic Mobile Office - kinetic

Close

9m × 9m

Dgitial Platforms by AI - static Dgitial Platforms by human - kinetic

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Algorithm rules

Basic iteration 1 BASIC RULES - ITERATION 1

0

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Initial 0 1 2 3 4 5 Points become different agents with variety data

A

B

0

1

Basic iteration 3 BASIC RULES - ITERATION 3

3

2

4

5

C

Select points as the ones with kinetic data information 0 1 4 to ‘A’ ‘B’ ‘C’ Others become information containers as well as unbuilt structures 2 3 5 as well as 0 1 4

1 0

3

2

4

1

0

3

2

3

5

Simulate the path of data moving in point coordinates Shuffle the points to transfer ‘A’ ‘B’ ‘C’ successfully to the new place Measurement name determines new location

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A 0

Initial 0 1 2 3

Kinetic points 0 2

Processing sequence without collision

Set different directions for eac

and minimizing data loss

kinetic data point

ch

Basic iteration 2 BASIC RULES - ITERATION 2

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Basic iteration 4 BASIC RULES - ITERATION 4

1

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0

1

A

B

3

2

2

B

Setting conditions

Continue to division the space in different proportions

Execution if the target of each

Consider the proportion of space and the type of space

point ‘A’ ‘B’ is not consistent

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3D SUBDIVISION CITY PROTOTYPE Different proportions are assigned according to different functional and spatial needs, as well as kinetic or static to metaphorically represent the duality of human and non human.

Next, another consideration is the use of time as a dimension. In this way, the structure of the architecture can be understood as a process that unfolds dynamically over time.

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3D SUBDIVISION CITY PROTOTYPE These begin with configurations that become part of the build environment.

Throughout the process, the number of dimensions gradually increases, resulting in a design process that mechanically resembles evolution.

Youtube link: https://youtu.be/oZSimieuiKw

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Spatial Exploration

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Retail

Office

Semi-open/ closed 3m/ 6m

Close 3m/ 6m/ 12m

Community

Accommodation

Semi-open/ closed 6m/ 12m

Close 3m/ 6m

Food

Commercial

Open 6m/ 12m

Open 6m/ 12m

Digital platforms by human

Digital platforms by AI

Close 3m/ 6m/ 12m

Closed 6m/ 12m

UPDATED COMPONENTS & COMBINATION Later on, I changed them to square blocks with different scales for better manipulation. Considering the space needed, I used simple geometry to create plugins that satisfy different conditions.

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UPDATED COMPONENTS & COMBINATION Based on the scale size and distribution relationship I decided before, I reset the matrix with three more holistic ones.

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INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS

open 01 12*12 m

close 01 12*12 m

semi-open 01 12*12 m

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open 02 9*9 m

open 03 3*3 m

close 02 9*9 m

close 03 3*3 m

semi-open 02 9*9 m

semi-open 03 3*3 m

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OPEN COMPONENTS & COMBINATION According to the previous analysis of different spatial types, open contains commercial, food and community. I chose the arch as a historical element to add to the geometry, in order to soften the overall feeling of the space. The commercial and food are the movable ones, while the community are the static ones.

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CLOSE COMPONENTS & COMBINATION Close contains accommodation, digital platforms and office. More orientation is considered and local historical elements are put into the geometry to increase the sense of connection. The accommodation and non－human occupy more space as static, while the office is movable.

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SEMI-OPEN COMPONENTS & COMBINATION Semi-open contains community, office and retail. Some of the products needed for the office space are considered, so the space has more linear shelf elements, where all components are dualistic, kinetic and static.

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THE SWANSTON STREET VIEW From the people point of view, we rise up and experience the spatial feeling of this proposal architecture. It combines different scales and blends various programs.

Thus, highlighting the diversity and vitality of the city.

Youtube link: https://youtu.be/nUYQYszrc4E

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PLAN

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SECTION

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The Temporal City Ian Nazareth | David Schwarzman RMIT Architecture Semester 2 2021 https://www.temporal.city/