The Temporal City - On Yu Cheng

Transit Oriented Melbourne On Yu Cheng

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What is the City?

What is time?

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“We need to draw lines in the ground and say, ‘The concrete stops here.’

That forces people to build in and up, rather than out – and there’s nothing wrong with high, dense urban environments as long as they’re planned correctly.

They can be extremely livable.

They tend to require less transportation, fewer sewer lines, fewer power lines, fewer roads, and more tightly packed structures, which in and of themselves are more energy efficient.”

- Patrick Moore “Planning of the automobile city focuses on saving time.

Planning for the accessible city, on the other hand, focuses on time well spent.”

- Robert Cevero “The elevated and stony grounds about here will cost their owners dearly to get them graded and paved in the monotonous style required by most of our cities.

I always think it a pity that greater favor is not given to the natural hills and slopes of the ground on the upper part of Island.

Our perpetual dead flat, and streets cutting each other at right angles, are certainly the last things in the world consistent with beauty of situation.”

- Walt Witman The Temporal City

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What is TIME? Discussions of the nature of time, and of various issues related to time, have always featured prominently in philosophy, but they have been especially important since the beginning of the 20th century. It’s natural to think that time can be represented by a line. But a line has a shape. What shape should we give to the line that represents time? This is a question about the topology, or structure, of time. One natural way to answer our question is to say that time should be represented by a single, straight, nonbranching, continuous line that extends without end in each of its two directions. This is the “standard topology” for time.

Inquiries concerning the topology of time have all the connections with the issue of Platonism versus relationism. For assuming relationism is valid, it appears to be likely that time’s topological highlights will rely upon unforeseen realities about the relations among things and occasions on the planet, though if Platonism is valid, so that time exists autonomously of whatever is on schedule, at that point time will probably have its topological properties as an issue of need. However, regardless of whether we expect that Platonism is valid, it’s not satisfactory precisely what topological properties ought to be ascribed to time.

It is additionally worth finding out if time should be addressed by a single line. Maybe time is comprising of different time streams, every single one of which is detached from one another, with the goal that each snapshot of time remains in transient relations to different minutes time permitting stream, however doesn’t bear any worldly relations to any second from some other course of events.

What’s more, we can likewise keep thinking about whether one of the two bearings of time is here and there advantaged, such that makes time itself lopsided.

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In physics and relativity, time dilation is the distinction in the passed time as estimated by two clocks. It is either because of an overall speed between them or to a distinction in gravitational potential between their areas. When not specified, “time dilation” ordinarily refers to the effect due to velocity.

In the wake of making up for shifting sign delays because of the changing distance between an observer and a moving clock (for example Doppler effect), the eyewitness will gauge the moving clock as ticking more slow than a clock that is very still in the spectator’s own reference outline. Likewise, a clock that is near a huge body will record less passed time than a clock arranged further from the body which is at a higher gravitational potential.

Time is an inner sense. The consciousness of time create a temporal passage within a space. The difference in facts, properties and existence singled out the events, creates the sense of time (the A-theory). In phenomenology, every act of consciousness is towards another objectives, whether the time is objective or subjective.

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What is CITY, -POLIS? In Greek, the word polis (plural poleis) literally means “city.” It was used to distinguish the administrative and religious city center from the rest of the city. It can also refer to a group of individuals.

The words ‘city’ and ‘civilization’ are derived from the Latin root civitas, which originally meant ‘citizenship’ or ‘community member’ and eventually came to correspond with urbs, which meant ‘city’ in a more literal sense. Many modern European languages have derivatives of polis. Policy, polity, police, and politics are all derivative words in English. Words derived from polis in Greek include polites and politismos, which have Latin, Romance, and other European equivalents.

What is TOD? Transit Oriented Development is the exciting fast growing trend in creating vibrant, livable, sustainable communities. Also known as TOD, it’s the creation of compact, walkable, pedestrian-oriented, mixed-use communities centered around high quality train systems.

This makes it possible to live a lower-stress life without complete dependence on a car for mobility and survival.

The 8 Principles of the TOD standard for designing better cities: WALK : Develop neighborhoods that promote walking CYCLE : Prioritize non-motorized transport networks CONNECT : Create dense networks of streets and paths TRANSIT : Locate development near high-quality public transport MIX : Plan for mixed use DENSIFY : Optimize density and transit capacity COMPACT : Create regions with short commutes SHIFT : Increase mobility by regulating parking and road use The Temporal City

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What is NETWORK? Networks may have begun by easing their way discretely into the existing urban fabric, but the new practices emerging in the course of their expansion have in the long run profoundly changed the face and, more broadly, the shape of urban planning, architecture and the built environment.

What is URBANISM? Now cities in the (over)-developed world are full of layered histories of infrastructure, full of building. Yet the demands continue to grow, and shift. And we can’t afford to take that 20th century strategy into the 21st. As a result, we need new thinking about building, un-building and re-building: using our existing resources and fabric in new ways: avoiding building unless necessary; performing sharp adaptation — and when we do have to build, understanding exactly what and how we have to build, with greater precision and sophistication, and including how that might be best used, owned and adapted — and then adapting over time accordingly.

What if...?

What if the city growth is becoming too dense and the grid-line is the limiter of the circuit?

What if the city growth is too dense, the land-use programmes are too mixed and difficult to reach out the citizens?

We need a new urban systems, with multi-layered network approach, high accessibility, and high connections.

Transit-oriented development arrangement and new urban grid is needed to maximized the CBD’s land-use in the future.

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Mining the City

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Network of Programme - TRAM STATION

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Network of Programme - BUS STATION

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Network of Programme - TRAIN STATION

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Network of Programme - HOUSE + TOWNHOUSE

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Network of Programme - APARTMENT + ACCOMMODATION

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Network of Programme - OFFICE / Commercial

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Network of Programme - EDUCATIONAL

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Network of Programme - RETAIL

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Network of Programme - PERFORMANCES/CONFERENCES

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Network of Programme - ENTERTAINMENT + RECREATION

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Urban Fabrics

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Traffic studies - Train Station Ingress/Egress to CBD Permeability

Permeability (Traffic) can be defined as the extent to which a particular urban morphology is permeated by publicly accessible space. It relates to the ease of movement through an urban area as well as the multiplicity of route choices between any two points.

Thus, permeability relates to the capacity to move and the potential to interact in urban space. (ΔT)2

Walkability

Walkability Study (Pedestrian) From train station Generative 1 | 3.5 | 5 | 7.5 | 10 minutes.

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Programme DNA

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Peak Programmes

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Proposition

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Post-Interim Through the exploration of the walkability from different transits station and the public transportation networks in Melbourne CBD, the research topic tend to redefine the Hoddle grid concentration – categorize the blocks into different nodes of clusters:

office nodes – Southern Cross retail nodes – Melbourne Central / Flinders Street governmental nodes – Flagstaff / Parliament institutional nodes – (State Library Railway Station) residential nodes – scattered recreation nodes – scattered

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It is necessary to depict and rearrange the nodes into a new OZP for Melbourne’s future development. Including listing the growth and decline and the scale of programmes – the absolute extrema values of the functions – the maxima and minima into different scenarios.

Since there are different DNA clusters inside the city, the Hoddle Grid become the limits of the connections. The form finding for the urban topology and the building clusters typology will be the focus of this proposals. The aggregation of the buildings connecting together within certain radius(clusters) in the Hoddle grid are designated to connected to each of the train stations. Different prioritized selection by the most appears function from the existing programmes will insert to the aggregation algorithm to generate the growth of the clusters.

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Feedback What defines the unit scale of the programme blocks?

Accessibility of certain radius in grid? Different neighborhood in each of the clusters?

What defines the programme position of distancing from the stations/each station (nodes)?

Choice of programmes/create new typology?

New mixed programmes?

Pedestrian connections? How to define connections from across the block clusters?

Effectiveness / structured? New hierarchy?

What are the extreme patterns/limits?

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Re-define 10 years: old programmes (remove) 20 years: new programmes, new connections blocks (regenerate) 30 years: fully transformed (growth)

1. Grid Growth – Walk path throughout city (x-axis, y-axis) Explode the grid – Stigmergy – new fabric Stimergy: is a mechanism of indirect coordination, through the environment, between agents or actions. The principle is that the trace left in the environment by an individual action stimulates the performance of a succeeding action. This form of self-organization, produces complex, seemingly intelligent structures, awareness to the environment.

2. Programme Arrangement – typology Growth (z-axis) Aggregation – emerging programmes together Aggregates: are ubiquitous in inanimate natural systems. The capacity of these natural granular systems to continuously adapt to changing environmental influences through cycles of erosion and accretion shows a potential that can be used in architectural design.

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Urban Rules

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Rule 1

Rule 2

Topology Ground Level: Private Cars/ Public Transportation

Topology Elevated Walkpa Pedestrian / Cycle

new urban grid to minimize the street corner higher accessibility

Connections of programme

Rule A

Rule B

Typology Storyline: Stations to Educational> Accommodation> Recreational

Typology Storyline: Stations to Retail> Exhibitions> Recreational> Townhouse/Apartment

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aths:

Rule 3 Topology Desire Paths: Connections in-between buildings

es in higher levels

Normal distribution to Hybrid programmes

Rule C Typology Storyline: Stations to Office> Governmental> Services> Exhibition

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Elasticity - 10, 20, 20 y

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year plan

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Exposition - 10-20-30 Years

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Exposition - Flow of Programmes

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Development - 20 Years Plan / Proposed DNA

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Development - 30 Years Plan / Proposed DNA

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Exposition - 30 Years Plan - Flow of Programmes

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Exposition - Organic Grid From Study

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Exposition - Organic Grid From Study

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Exposition - Dual Systems Concept

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Exposition - Dual Systems Concept

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Exposition - Clusters

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Exposition - Connections

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Exposition - Connections

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Spatial Final Proposal Exploration

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Typology Programme

Office

Educational

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Detache

ed House

Accommodations

Retail

Apartment

Townhouse

Open Studio

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Recapitulation: Network

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Recapitulation: City Bloom Begins

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Recapitulation: City Bloom Begins

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Recapitulation: Street Clusters

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Recapitulation: Elevated Grounds

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The Temporal City Ian Nazareth | David Schwarzman RMIT Architecture Semester 1 2021 https://www.temporal.city/