Rebecca DiNapoli - The Temporal City

Post Business District Rebecca DiNapoli

Contents 00 Final Proposal 01 Reading the City 02 Mining the City 03 City + Type 04 24 Hour Change Over Time 05 Urban Rules 06 30 Year Change Over Time 07 Mid Semester Proposition 08 Conceptual Reframing 09 Programmed Systems

The Temporal City

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Contents 00 Final Proposal 01 Reading the City 02 Mining the City 03 City + Type 04 24 Hour Change Over Time 05 Urban Rules 06 30 Year Change Over Time 07 Mid Semester Proposition 08 Conceptual Reframing 09 Programmed Systems

The Temporal City

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00 Final Proposal

The Temporal City

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00 Final Proposal

The Temporal City

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Final Presentation Video: https://youtu.be/qdZ1Q-ix6gQ

The Temporal City

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Final Presentation Video: https://youtu.be/qdZ1Q-ix6gQ

The Temporal City

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The Temporal City

2012 2013 2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

When googling “CBD” 5 years ago you’d find images of New York and Singapore as expected. The same search in 2020 only returns links to site where you can buy canabis oil, indicating that the idea of a “central business district” is becoming less relevant over time.

Maybe our cities should be able to adapt to input data in the same way suggested search results do.

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The Temporal City

2012 2013 2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

When googling “CBD” 5 years ago you’d find images of New York and Singapore as expected. The same search in 2020 only returns links to site where you can buy canabis oil, indicating that the idea of a “central business district” is becoming less relevant over time.

Maybe our cities should be able to adapt to input data in the same way suggested search results do.

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The Temporal City

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The Temporal City

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Typological Problems with the Current City Melbourne’s planning regulations were designed to “bring Melbourne up to speed with planning rules used in cities across the world, such as New York, Singapore, Vancouver and Sydney” They are “catch up” rules that imply how far behind the rest of the world current city planning in Melbourne is, and only serve to reinforce the “podium + tower” typology that we see in most major cities today.

The planning laws consider the city to be a single object. My proposal considers the city as a series of discrete systems with their own unique rules for interaction. There are no blanket city-wide rules that prohibit growth, only rules for the protection of each individual system.

The new height laws allow developers to bargain for more height by offering more public amenity. These rules convert the podium/tower typology into actual planning laws, and will only worsen the problems with pedestrian congestion and giant, impenetrable towers in the CBD. The Temporal City

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Typological Problems with the Current City Melbourne’s planning regulations were designed to “bring Melbourne up to speed with planning rules used in cities across the world, such as New York, Singapore, Vancouver and Sydney” They are “catch up” rules that imply how far behind the rest of the world current city planning in Melbourne is, and only serve to reinforce the “podium + tower” typology that we see in most major cities today.

The planning laws consider the city to be a single object. My proposal considers the city as a series of discrete systems with their own unique rules for interaction. There are no blanket city-wide rules that prohibit growth, only rules for the protection of each individual system.

The new height laws allow developers to bargain for more height by offering more public amenity. These rules convert the podium/tower typology into actual planning laws, and will only worsen the problems with pedestrian congestion and giant, impenetrable towers in the CBD. The Temporal City

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unoccupied

civic

residential

education

commercial accommodation

commercial

Problems with today’s city emerge from the data. It’s overwhelmingly commercial; it was conceived for the workers, and when they retire in the evenings the city goes to sleep too. Especially today, it’s easy to see how this programmatic homogeneity could put the entire city to sleep in an instant.

The Temporal City

retail

f+b

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unoccupied

civic

residential

education

commercial accommodation

commercial

Problems with today’s city emerge from the data. It’s overwhelmingly commercial; it was conceived for the workers, and when they retire in the evenings the city goes to sleep too. Especially today, it’s easy to see how this programmatic homogeneity could put the entire city to sleep in an instant.

The Temporal City

retail

f+b

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EDUCATION GREEN SPACE CIVIC

EDUCATION

ENTERTAINMENT

F+B

The Temporal City

RETAIL

This city needs a typological revolution. What if these new types were more like discrete systems, each with their own ever-changing rules rather than city-wide planning laws?

RESIDENTIAL

Generally there is extreme separation in the CBD between pixelated mixed-use podiums and the terrifying, unending homogeneity that looms above.

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EDUCATION GREEN SPACE CIVIC

EDUCATION

ENTERTAINMENT

F+B

The Temporal City

RETAIL

This city needs a typological revolution. What if these new types were more like discrete systems, each with their own ever-changing rules rather than city-wide planning laws?

RESIDENTIAL

Generally there is extreme separation in the CBD between pixelated mixed-use podiums and the terrifying, unending homogeneity that looms above.

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With the de-evolution of the CBD, the commercial system erodes away over time as we learn to adapt to a new era of satellite living. It cedes to any system that would thrive in its place and eventually will disintegrate altogether, calling for the end of the central district as a place for business.

The Temporal City

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With the de-evolution of the CBD, the commercial system erodes away over time as we learn to adapt to a new era of satellite living. It cedes to any system that would thrive in its place and eventually will disintegrate altogether, calling for the end of the central district as a place for business.

The Temporal City

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The residential system is broken down into rooms, each apartment visible in the city’s form, showing its residents that they are part of this landscape. It grows towards the sun and retracts from overshadowing, overtaking other systems that are less reliant upon sunlight.

The Temporal City

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The residential system is broken down into rooms, each apartment visible in the city’s form, showing its residents that they are part of this landscape. It grows towards the sun and retracts from overshadowing, overtaking other systems that are less reliant upon sunlight.

The Temporal City

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Public space systems are then introduced to prevent overdevelopment, flattening out and program below and preventing any further growth above. They also require direct sunlight during the day, forcing existing spaces to dissolve away where necessary.

The Temporal City

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Public space systems are then introduced to prevent overdevelopment, flattening out and program below and preventing any further growth above. They also require direct sunlight during the day, forcing existing spaces to dissolve away where necessary.

The Temporal City

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The retail system heads towards the ground plane, targeting cheaper underground spaces such as empty carparks. As online shopping becomes the default mode, the retail system begins to prioritise this cheap storage space.

The Temporal City

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The retail system heads towards the ground plane, targeting cheaper underground spaces such as empty carparks. As online shopping becomes the default mode, the retail system begins to prioritise this cheap storage space.

The Temporal City

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The civic system is introduced as a protector. It wraps around public spaces, sheltering them from commercial invasion, and then cascades outward through the block creating trails of civic program that connect residents across the city to public green space.

The Temporal City

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The civic system is introduced as a protector. It wraps around public spaces, sheltering them from commercial invasion, and then cascades outward through the block creating trails of civic program that connect residents across the city to public green space.

The Temporal City

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The education system is less compact, allowing other systems to grow in through the cracks and create a campus that is scattered with diverse amenities.

The Temporal City

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The education system is less compact, allowing other systems to grow in through the cracks and create a campus that is scattered with diverse amenities.

The Temporal City

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The entertainment system takes advantage of unused space, remaining relatively compact during the day and then blooming outward in the evening, taking over offices and galleries to accommodate a 24 hour cycle.

The Temporal City

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The entertainment system takes advantage of unused space, remaining relatively compact during the day and then blooming outward in the evening, taking over offices and galleries to accommodate a 24 hour cycle.

The Temporal City

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Finally the F+B system, the most basic of the bunch, simply sprouts where there is space so long as it does not interfere with the needs of another system.

The Temporal City

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Finally the F+B system, the most basic of the bunch, simply sprouts where there is space so long as it does not interfere with the needs of another system.

The Temporal City

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The Temporal City

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The Temporal City

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Year 0

Year 10

Year 20

Year 30

As these systems play out, they begin to undermine the existing city infrastructure. Residential apartments spill out of the grid in their chase for the sun, and the civic system leaps over roads to reach adjacent parks.

The Temporal City

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Year 0

Year 10

Year 20

Year 30

As these systems play out, they begin to undermine the existing city infrastructure. Residential apartments spill out of the grid in their chase for the sun, and the civic system leaps over roads to reach adjacent parks.

The Temporal City

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The Temporal City

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The Temporal City

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The Temporal City

6PM

12AM

8PM

2AM

10PM

4AM

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The Temporal City

6PM

12AM

8PM

2AM

10PM

4AM

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The post business district breathes evenly over 24 hours, no longer having to take sharp breaths with the uneven distribution of program that plagued the old city. Now she never goes to sleep, just shifts her weight around to accommodate the shifting needs of her inhabitants.

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The post business district breathes evenly over 24 hours, no longer having to take sharp breaths with the uneven distribution of program that plagued the old city. Now she never goes to sleep, just shifts her weight around to accommodate the shifting needs of her inhabitants.

The Temporal City

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The Temporal City

6PM

12AM

8PM

2AM

10PM

4AM

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The Temporal City

6PM

12AM

8PM

2AM

10PM

4AM

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The old CBD reflected a static moment in time, the skyscraper revolution of the 21st Century, allowed to live on well past its expiration date.

The post business district is forever animated.

The Temporal City

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The old CBD reflected a static moment in time, the skyscraper revolution of the 21st Century, allowed to live on well past its expiration date.

The post business district is forever animated.

The Temporal City

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This new city is laminated, fossilised and constantly evolving.

If you bury deep enough, you might find remnants of decades past, intact but not intentionally preserved.

The Temporal City

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This new city is laminated, fossilised and constantly evolving.

If you bury deep enough, you might find remnants of decades past, intact but not intentionally preserved.

The Temporal City

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The post business district can receive input data, updating itself and calibrating where necessary in order to sustain the unpredictable humans that inhabit its streets, reflecting our collective, agglomerative, everchanging history.

The Temporal City

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The post business district can receive input data, updating itself and calibrating where necessary in order to sustain the unpredictable humans that inhabit its streets, reflecting our collective, agglomerative, everchanging history.

The Temporal City

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What is the City?

The Temporal City

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What is the City?

The Temporal City

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A Reading of the City https://youtu.be/BHwmsmFwO-I

The Temporal City

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A Reading of the City https://youtu.be/BHwmsmFwO-I

The Temporal City

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It’s easy to begin with first impressions. When I first met her, I’d just stepped of a plane and been spat out on the doorstep of these impressive, shimmery towers and golden streetlights. I remember the way the buildings glittered in the rain that pooled between tramtracks, and the way it was always raining here.

There was a busyness that was hard to ignore; well dressed commuters parading their best morning office attire amidst the mechanical openings and closings of all kinds of transportation.Her soundtrack was just as flamboyant.

Trams would chatter by and clamour at anything in their path.

She took after her brothers and sisters overseas, wanting to be the next big thing, and to her credit she really tried. She was known as a cultural capital offering shimmering summer evenings resplendent with dazzling spectacles of arts and culture, promising an ecclectic orgasm of glittering lights, forever on the cusp of the newest, most exciting thing...

The Temporal City

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It’s easy to begin with first impressions. When I first met her, I’d just stepped of a plane and been spat out on the doorstep of these impressive, shimmery towers and golden streetlights. I remember the way the buildings glittered in the rain that pooled between tramtracks, and the way it was always raining here.

There was a busyness that was hard to ignore; well dressed commuters parading their best morning office attire amidst the mechanical openings and closings of all kinds of transportation.Her soundtrack was just as flamboyant.

Trams would chatter by and clamour at anything in their path.

She took after her brothers and sisters overseas, wanting to be the next big thing, and to her credit she really tried. She was known as a cultural capital offering shimmering summer evenings resplendent with dazzling spectacles of arts and culture, promising an ecclectic orgasm of glittering lights, forever on the cusp of the newest, most exciting thing...

The Temporal City

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... Well I suppose she’s also suburban, my city. Whirring along at a slower pace, lazy days stretching out before me. Away from the quick chatter of the big city she is quieter, more subdued, and it seems like everything is road out here.

A seemingly infinite stretch of course grey tarmac lined with droopy grey gum trees, with the sounds of Kyle and Jackie’O wavering in the foreground, emanating from a grey dashboard.

Grey skies accent grey commutes taking me through the grey backend of my city.

She’s very honest out here in Suburbia. These people are far grittier, more laborious, true blue and up for a fair go. The peripheries are full of little Aussie battlers who grind through hard days kicking up dust.

She is a regular rhythm of milk bars and retirement homes scattered over paved land...

The Temporal City

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... Well I suppose she’s also suburban, my city. Whirring along at a slower pace, lazy days stretching out before me. Away from the quick chatter of the big city she is quieter, more subdued, and it seems like everything is road out here.

A seemingly infinite stretch of course grey tarmac lined with droopy grey gum trees, with the sounds of Kyle and Jackie’O wavering in the foreground, emanating from a grey dashboard.

Grey skies accent grey commutes taking me through the grey backend of my city.

She’s very honest out here in Suburbia. These people are far grittier, more laborious, true blue and up for a fair go. The peripheries are full of little Aussie battlers who grind through hard days kicking up dust.

She is a regular rhythm of milk bars and retirement homes scattered over paved land...

The Temporal City

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... Well actually, she’s been around long before she was paved, this city. There’s a mammoth history beneath the thin layer of bitumen, a surface that we barely come close to scratching at. Her rivers have careened over this land forever, slowly carving new topographies into hard rock surface.

Underneath the blanket of asphalt there is a different, very complex and very persistent culture with its own unique sophistications. This part of my city has been written over, reconfigured, misinterpreted and lost in translation for centuries.

Intricate stories of creation are paraphrased into nursery rhymes; a culture dissected and simplified into dots, paraded around as primitive paraphernalia.

I think she’s tensed to bite back, watching her cousins overseas.

This burried history is seeping out through the sidewalks and spilling out into the streets demanding change...

The Temporal City

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... Well actually, she’s been around long before she was paved, this city. There’s a mammoth history beneath the thin layer of bitumen, a surface that we barely come close to scratching at. Her rivers have careened over this land forever, slowly carving new topographies into hard rock surface.

Underneath the blanket of asphalt there is a different, very complex and very persistent culture with its own unique sophistications. This part of my city has been written over, reconfigured, misinterpreted and lost in translation for centuries.

Intricate stories of creation are paraphrased into nursery rhymes; a culture dissected and simplified into dots, paraded around as primitive paraphernalia.

I think she’s tensed to bite back, watching her cousins overseas.

This burried history is seeping out through the sidewalks and spilling out into the streets demanding change...

The Temporal City

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... But then again, I guess change isn’t unusual for my city either. She has been nudged by the waves of global crises many times over.

One crisis brought us Nonnas and Yiayias, and flat brown brick bungalows with cursive iron balustrades, and dolmades, baklava, gelato, focaccia and panatone.

Another introduced us to the wonders of pho and cool tiled entryways where we must walk barefoot.

A short wander around winding urban streets can produce as much variety here as a scroll through Amazon might.

Abundant cliches and blazing neon signs of multiculturalism seem to burst out of every Sunday market here in my home town, and this wealth washes up in our suburbs with the receding waves of each new global crisis.

The Temporal City

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... But then again, I guess change isn’t unusual for my city either. She has been nudged by the waves of global crises many times over.

One crisis brought us Nonnas and Yiayias, and flat brown brick bungalows with cursive iron balustrades, and dolmades, baklava, gelato, focaccia and panatone.

Another introduced us to the wonders of pho and cool tiled entryways where we must walk barefoot.

A short wander around winding urban streets can produce as much variety here as a scroll through Amazon might.

Abundant cliches and blazing neon signs of multiculturalism seem to burst out of every Sunday market here in my home town, and this wealth washes up in our suburbs with the receding waves of each new global crisis.

The Temporal City

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And with this most recent crisis, everything I have ever thought of her has been uprooted.

What is she today when nightlife has stalled and milkbars have closed up shop? And when the usual hullabaloo of busy Sunday markets is reduced to a faint pattering?

From behind cool glass, seven storeys up, I can see she is still there but I can’t hear her anymore and I begin to wonder if any of my interpretations are able to capture my city completely.

I guess it’s a bit messier than I first thought, to read my city. I have to be comfortable residing in the grey, rather than seeing just black and white. I have to see her in split screen with lots of tabs open.

She is suburban, indigenous, imported, racist, innovative, welcoming, unwelcoming, proud, political, protesting, and incredibly persistent.... And sometimes she is none of these things at all.

The Temporal City

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And with this most recent crisis, everything I have ever thought of her has been uprooted.

What is she today when nightlife has stalled and milkbars have closed up shop? And when the usual hullabaloo of busy Sunday markets is reduced to a faint pattering?

From behind cool glass, seven storeys up, I can see she is still there but I can’t hear her anymore and I begin to wonder if any of my interpretations are able to capture my city completely.

I guess it’s a bit messier than I first thought, to read my city. I have to be comfortable residing in the grey, rather than seeing just black and white. I have to see her in split screen with lots of tabs open.

She is suburban, indigenous, imported, racist, innovative, welcoming, unwelcoming, proud, political, protesting, and incredibly persistent.... And sometimes she is none of these things at all.

The Temporal City

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Mining the City

The Temporal City

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Mining the City

The Temporal City

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LE A D S

LL

AN SW

SSE RU

LON

N

STO BO

KE R U

BO

UR

KE

ST

S RU

S

E LL

ST

BLOCK 8

The Temporal City

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LE A D S

LL

AN SW

SSE RU

LON

N

STO BO

KE R U

BO

UR

KE

ST

S RU

S

E LL

ST

BLOCK 8

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DEVELOPMENT OVER TIME This study focussed on the development of Block 8 over the past 150 years. By abstracting this data into generic profiles and using data for building heights, the scale of development is emphasised without the distractions of form.

This data set revealed how there was considerable development in this block in the late 1800s and early 1900s which tailed off and pretty much ended after the 1950s. There has been virtually no new development on this block in the last 50 years, with lots of old buildings unoccupied or used as storage.

The Temporal City

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DEVELOPMENT OVER TIME This study focussed on the development of Block 8 over the past 150 years. By abstracting this data into generic profiles and using data for building heights, the scale of development is emphasised without the distractions of form.

This data set revealed how there was considerable development in this block in the late 1800s and early 1900s which tailed off and pretty much ended after the 1950s. There has been virtually no new development on this block in the last 50 years, with lots of old buildings unoccupied or used as storage.

The Temporal City

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2005

2007

2009

BLOCK 8 PREDOMINANT PROGRAM (2018) 2012 Equipment/Storage

Residential

Civic/Cultural

Education

Office

Commercial Accomm.

Retail

Entertainment

Unoccupied

Medical

2014

Parking

2016 PROGRAMMATIC CHANGE OVER TIME This study uses CLUE Census data from 2002-2018 regarding predominant use for each building in the block.

This data has shown that this particular block is extremely static over time. This might correlate with how little new development has occured on this block. It is extremely low rise considering its position in the centre of the CBD. The Temporal City

2018 (ΔT)

2005

2007

2009

BLOCK 8 PREDOMINANT PROGRAM (2018) 2012 Equipment/Storage

Residential

Civic/Cultural

Education

Office

Commercial Accomm.

Retail

Entertainment

Unoccupied

Medical

2014

Parking

2016 PROGRAMMATIC CHANGE OVER TIME This study uses CLUE Census data from 2002-2018 regarding predominant use for each building in the block.

This data has shown that this particular block is extremely static over time. This might correlate with how little new development has occured on this block. It is extremely low rise considering its position in the centre of the CBD. The Temporal City

2018 (ΔT)

28 November 2019

3 August 2020

total count: 2,066

total count: 246

PEDESTRIAN COUNTERS This study looked at the pedestrian censors in Block 8 over the course of 1 week.

There are very clear peaks and troughs in the city that correlate with lunchtime and dinner, while the block is virtually empty during the early morning hours.

I began to think of this as the city breathing in and out, and wondered how this would look in 10 years with Melbourne’s projected population growth of +60%. The troughs became even more accentuated.

Then I speculated what would happen if I introduced an “inverted breath” which might come from inverting the relationship with the city; where people would work in the suburbs and live in the CBD. The Temporal City

BLOCK 8 - EXISTING 24 HOUR CYCLE

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28 November 2019

3 August 2020

total count: 2,066

total count: 246

PEDESTRIAN COUNTERS This study looked at the pedestrian censors in Block 8 over the course of 1 week.

There are very clear peaks and troughs in the city that correlate with lunchtime and dinner, while the block is virtually empty during the early morning hours.

I began to think of this as the city breathing in and out, and wondered how this would look in 10 years with Melbourne’s projected population growth of +60%. The troughs became even more accentuated.

Then I speculated what would happen if I introduced an “inverted breath” which might come from inverting the relationship with the city; where people would work in the suburbs and live in the CBD. The Temporal City

BLOCK 8 - EXISTING 24 HOUR CYCLE

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The Temporal City

BLOCK 8 - EXAGGERATED 24 HOUR CYCLE (+60%)

SPECULATIVE “INVERTED BREATH” 24 HOUR CYCLE

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The Temporal City

BLOCK 8 - EXAGGERATED 24 HOUR CYCLE (+60%)

SPECULATIVE “INVERTED BREATH” 24 HOUR CYCLE

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BUSINESS AS USUAL

“INVERTED BREATH” PROPOSITION

This test shows Block 8 with an additional layer of the existing program.

This test speculates on the “inverted breath” idea, where the block is packed with residential program. Because the block already has a solid base of mixed use program, the additional components could be a more consolidated residential program to take advantage of the amenity below.

The majority of the program is office + retail, and there is a considerable amount of unoccupied space. Compared to other blocks in the city, this block actually has a considerable amount of mixed use program.

The Temporal City

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BUSINESS AS USUAL

“INVERTED BREATH” PROPOSITION

This test shows Block 8 with an additional layer of the existing program.

This test speculates on the “inverted breath” idea, where the block is packed with residential program. Because the block already has a solid base of mixed use program, the additional components could be a more consolidated residential program to take advantage of the amenity below.

The majority of the program is office + retail, and there is a considerable amount of unoccupied space. Compared to other blocks in the city, this block actually has a considerable amount of mixed use program.

The Temporal City

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List A: Number of Storeys

DEVELOPMENT OVER TIME

List B: Construction Year

Input year

DAYTIME PROGRAM

Cull data occurring later than input year

List A: Predominant Use (No. represents each program)

Use length of List B to cut List A

Use data for Number of Storeys as a vector

Create extrusion based on Construction Year + Number of Storeys

List B: Site model geometry

PROGRAM

NIGHT TIME PROGRAM

List A: Time (minute)

List B: Pedestrian count

Partition List A by program

Find referring indices in List B

Colour geometry based on progam

PEDESTRIAN COUNTERS

“INVERTED BREATH” CONCEPT Potentially the city blocks could host different programs during the day / night. In this scenario the block converts to a residential block in the evening, while during the day it operates as usual. There will be some sticking points in terms of how this actually works.

The Temporal City

Input time in military format (1:25pm = 1325)

Split data based on input time

Use length of List A to split List B

Calculate total pedestrian count

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List A: Number of Storeys

DEVELOPMENT OVER TIME

List B: Construction Year

Input year

DAYTIME PROGRAM

Cull data occurring later than input year

List A: Predominant Use (No. represents each program)

Use length of List B to cut List A

Use data for Number of Storeys as a vector

Create extrusion based on Construction Year + Number of Storeys

List B: Site model geometry

PROGRAM

NIGHT TIME PROGRAM

List A: Time (minute)

List B: Pedestrian count

Partition List A by program

Find referring indices in List B

Colour geometry based on progam

PEDESTRIAN COUNTERS

“INVERTED BREATH” CONCEPT Potentially the city blocks could host different programs during the day / night. In this scenario the block converts to a residential block in the evening, while during the day it operates as usual. There will be some sticking points in terms of how this actually works.

The Temporal City

Input time in military format (1:25pm = 1325)

Split data based on input time

Use length of List A to split List B

Calculate total pedestrian count

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City + Type

The Temporal City

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City + Type

The Temporal City

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low rise axes

EXISTING CITY - HEIGHTS ANALYSIS This study uses building height data from the existing city. The data is exaggerated using a multiplier so that the differences between blocks is more evident. There is a really distinct “low-rise axis” through the middle of the CBD while the adjacent blocks get higher the further they get from this axis.

The Temporal City

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low rise axes

EXISTING CITY - HEIGHTS ANALYSIS This study uses building height data from the existing city. The data is exaggerated using a multiplier so that the differences between blocks is more evident. There is a really distinct “low-rise axis” through the middle of the CBD while the adjacent blocks get higher the further they get from this axis.

The Temporal City

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Equipment/Storage Civic/Cultural Office Retail Unoccupied Parking Residential Education Commercial Accomm.

Entertainment Medical

city DNA EXISTING CITY - PROGRAM ANALYSIS This study overlays the programmatic data for the city ontop of the exaggerated heights data to see how both data sets correlate. It’s not entirely surprising that majority of the tallest buildings are commercial office towers or residential towers while the low-rise axis is relatively mixed.

The Temporal City

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Equipment/Storage Civic/Cultural Office Retail Unoccupied Parking Residential Education Commercial Accomm.

Entertainment Medical

city DNA EXISTING CITY - PROGRAM ANALYSIS This study overlays the programmatic data for the city ontop of the exaggerated heights data to see how both data sets correlate. It’s not entirely surprising that majority of the tallest buildings are commercial office towers or residential towers while the low-rise axis is relatively mixed.

The Temporal City

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“international facade”

Equipment/Storage Civic/Cultural Office Retail Unoccupied Parking Residential Education Commercial Accomm.

Entertainment Medical

city DNA

axis DNA

EXISTING CITY - “INTERNATIONAL FACADE” The low-rise mixed use strip in the city centre is the main tourist route that connects the arts precinct and the Exhibition Building. It does not reflect the reality of living/working in the CBD, and is really different both formally and programmatically to the more mundane, “real” parts of the city.

The Temporal City

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“international facade”

Equipment/Storage Civic/Cultural Office Retail Unoccupied Parking Residential Education Commercial Accomm.

Entertainment Medical

city DNA

axis DNA

EXISTING CITY - “INTERNATIONAL FACADE” The low-rise mixed use strip in the city centre is the main tourist route that connects the arts precinct and the Exhibition Building. It does not reflect the reality of living/working in the CBD, and is really different both formally and programmatically to the more mundane, “real” parts of the city.

The Temporal City

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“back of house”

“back of house”

Equipment/Storage Civic/Cultural Office Retail Unoccupied Parking Residential Education Commercial Accomm.

Entertainment Medical

city DNA

BOH DNA

EXISTING CITY - “BACK OF HOUSE” The “back of house” sections of the city actually have an even greater concentration commercial and residential program than the city as a whole. There is virtually no civic, retail or educational facilities in these zones.

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

“back of house”

“back of house”

Equipment/Storage Civic/Cultural Office Retail Unoccupied Parking Residential Education Commercial Accomm.

Entertainment Medical

city DNA

BOH DNA

EXISTING CITY - “BACK OF HOUSE” The “back of house” sections of the city actually have an even greater concentration commercial and residential program than the city as a whole. There is virtually no civic, retail or educational facilities in these zones.

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

Existing CBD

Inverted CBD

CITY CONCEPT If the existing city is a mixed-use spine surrounded by high-rise commercial + residential towers, perhaps the inverted city is a spine of commercial use that is surrounded by low-rise mixed-use program. This idea comes from Rem Koolhaas’ “The Generic City” which discusses the idea that the international experience of the city is often far removed from the reality of living in the city. The inverted city forces international visitors to see the “back of house”, and returns the more palatable low-rise, mixed-use zones to the surrounding suburbs.

The Temporal City

EXISTING CITY DNA BY BLOCK

(ΔT)

Existing CBD

Inverted CBD

CITY CONCEPT If the existing city is a mixed-use spine surrounded by high-rise commercial + residential towers, perhaps the inverted city is a spine of commercial use that is surrounded by low-rise mixed-use program. This idea comes from Rem Koolhaas’ “The Generic City” which discusses the idea that the international experience of the city is often far removed from the reality of living in the city. The inverted city forces international visitors to see the “back of house”, and returns the more palatable low-rise, mixed-use zones to the surrounding suburbs.

The Temporal City

EXISTING CITY DNA BY BLOCK

(ΔT)

Cultural

Health + Education

Entertainment

Cultural

Health + Education

Entertainment

ERODING THE HIGH RISE

DEVELOPING THE LOW RISE

This set of blocks explores the erosion of big office towers over time, becoming more condensed, low-rise blocks that reflect the current tourist axis of the city.

This set of blocks explores the build up of existing low-rise blocks to become high-rise developments. In conjunction with the previous blocks, these iterations could see an inversion of the CBD over time.

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

Cultural

Health + Education

Entertainment

Cultural

Health + Education

Entertainment

ERODING THE HIGH RISE

DEVELOPING THE LOW RISE

This set of blocks explores the erosion of big office towers over time, becoming more condensed, low-rise blocks that reflect the current tourist axis of the city.

This set of blocks explores the build up of existing low-rise blocks to become high-rise developments. In conjunction with the previous blocks, these iterations could see an inversion of the CBD over time.

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

The Temporal City

EXISTING CITY

PROPOSED CITY

It was important for me to represent the existing city in the same style as the proposed in order to compare them.

The proposed city is a complete inversion of the existing city.

(ΔT)

The Temporal City

EXISTING CITY

PROPOSED CITY

It was important for me to represent the existing city in the same style as the proposed in order to compare them.

The proposed city is a complete inversion of the existing city.

(ΔT)

WALDEN 7, BARCELONA - RICARDO BOFILL

RED 7 HOUSING, MOSCOW - MVRDV

This project has 14 clusters of apartments grouped around 5 courtyards so that each apartment has both external and courtyard frontages. It’s extremely dense but the framed views through each of the blocks are like giant windows. The central courtyard at ground floor is a continuation of the public street.

Red7 uses a modular process which enunciates each residential block rather than presenting as an extruded tower. Instead of mimicking the form of the surrounding buildings, they are used as vectors in the distribution of the housing components. The negative spaces define other programs such as terraces.

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

WALDEN 7, BARCELONA - RICARDO BOFILL

RED 7 HOUSING, MOSCOW - MVRDV

This project has 14 clusters of apartments grouped around 5 courtyards so that each apartment has both external and courtyard frontages. It’s extremely dense but the framed views through each of the blocks are like giant windows. The central courtyard at ground floor is a continuation of the public street.

Red7 uses a modular process which enunciates each residential block rather than presenting as an extruded tower. Instead of mimicking the form of the surrounding buildings, they are used as vectors in the distribution of the housing components. The negative spaces define other programs such as terraces.

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

SHENZEN STOCK EXCHANGE, SHENZEN - OMA

DE ROTTERDAM, ROTTERDAM - OMA

Conceptually the building is not grounded, reflecting the speculative nature of the stock market. It defies conventional commercial typologies by raising the podium to create public space underneath. From below, the podium crops and curates views of Shenzen creating a different scale of experience.

This project has 3 stacked towers with very separate uses, but they overlap in common areas. The podium is common to the 3 towers but has separate lobbies for each. The facade has a singular language, but the huge rifts help the building to read as both distinct towers and a singular project at the same time.

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

SHENZEN STOCK EXCHANGE, SHENZEN - OMA

DE ROTTERDAM, ROTTERDAM - OMA

Conceptually the building is not grounded, reflecting the speculative nature of the stock market. It defies conventional commercial typologies by raising the podium to create public space underneath. From below, the podium crops and curates views of Shenzen creating a different scale of experience.

This project has 3 stacked towers with very separate uses, but they overlap in common areas. The podium is common to the 3 towers but has separate lobbies for each. The facade has a singular language, but the huge rifts help the building to read as both distinct towers and a singular project at the same time.

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

TOYAMA KIRARI, TOYAMA - KENGO KUMA

WERK 12, MUNICH - MVRDV

There is a diagonal void through the centre of the building that connects the 3 main programs. The programs are quite seaparte with the bank split into 2 chunks, occupying both ground floor and the upper levels. The boundaries between programs are not distinct, and it reads as a single building.

This project pushes circulation to the outside of the building in order to free up floor plates, allowing for the reconfiguration of programs over time. The external routes of circulation are finished in the same material as the street to emphasise that they are accessible to the public.

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

TOYAMA KIRARI, TOYAMA - KENGO KUMA

WERK 12, MUNICH - MVRDV

There is a diagonal void through the centre of the building that connects the 3 main programs. The programs are quite seaparte with the bank split into 2 chunks, occupying both ground floor and the upper levels. The boundaries between programs are not distinct, and it reads as a single building.

This project pushes circulation to the outside of the building in order to free up floor plates, allowing for the reconfiguration of programs over time. The external routes of circulation are finished in the same material as the street to emphasise that they are accessible to the public.

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

TWIN TOWERS, TAIPEI - MVRDV

BLOCK STUDY - SECTION

The premise for this project was that Taipei’s main arrival point didn’t reflect the city. It takes the surrounding city character and condenses it in the podium at a human scale which reads as a new city block rather than a distinct building. Above this, program is consolidated with offices and hotels.

Using the mixed-use project by Kengo Kuma as a precedent, this section cuts through one of the blocks and tries to negotiate some kind of readable separation / merging of spaces.

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

TWIN TOWERS, TAIPEI - MVRDV

BLOCK STUDY - SECTION

The premise for this project was that Taipei’s main arrival point didn’t reflect the city. It takes the surrounding city character and condenses it in the podium at a human scale which reads as a new city block rather than a distinct building. Above this, program is consolidated with offices and hotels.

Using the mixed-use project by Kengo Kuma as a precedent, this section cuts through one of the blocks and tries to negotiate some kind of readable separation / merging of spaces.

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

24 Hour Change Over Time

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

24 Hour Change Over Time

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

REFLECTIONS ON THE EXISTING CITY

Generally there is extreme separation in the CBD between pixelated mixed use podiums and more consolidated program in the towers above.

Generally similar programs are consolidated into zones, leading to extreme patterns of occupation that shift around these zones over 24 hours.

EXISTING CITY - PEDESTRIAN COUNTERS (24 HOURS) The uneven distribution of development in the CBD has created a scenario with extreme patterns of pedestrian activity. Perhaps if there was more mixity of program + density throughout the entire city, these pedestrian diagrams would look very different.

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

REFLECTIONS ON THE EXISTING CITY

Generally there is extreme separation in the CBD between pixelated mixed use podiums and more consolidated program in the towers above.

Generally similar programs are consolidated into zones, leading to extreme patterns of occupation that shift around these zones over 24 hours.

EXISTING CITY - PEDESTRIAN COUNTERS (24 HOURS) The uneven distribution of development in the CBD has created a scenario with extreme patterns of pedestrian activity. Perhaps if there was more mixity of program + density throughout the entire city, these pedestrian diagrams would look very different.

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

REVISED CITY CONCEPT EXISTING CITY 24 HOUR CYCLE The existing city has relatively little overlap between uses, leading to extreme peaks and troughs in the use of buildings throughout the day. The amount of white space in this diagram evidences how underutilised certain areas of the city must be in the off-peak.

What if the concentrated program was dispersed and the intensities of occupation were more evenly distributed throughout the CBD?

PROPOSED CITY 24 HOUR CYCLE The proposed city condenses uses to overlap as many as possible.

For example, the profile of usage for office and f+b are almost the exact inverse of one another, so it makes sense to try to fit them into the same spaces so that they are always in use.

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

REVISED CITY CONCEPT EXISTING CITY 24 HOUR CYCLE The existing city has relatively little overlap between uses, leading to extreme peaks and troughs in the use of buildings throughout the day. The amount of white space in this diagram evidences how underutilised certain areas of the city must be in the off-peak.

What if the concentrated program was dispersed and the intensities of occupation were more evenly distributed throughout the CBD?

PROPOSED CITY 24 HOUR CYCLE The proposed city condenses uses to overlap as many as possible.

For example, the profile of usage for office and f+b are almost the exact inverse of one another, so it makes sense to try to fit them into the same spaces so that they are always in use.

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

The Commuter

The Big Spender

The Homemaker

BLOCK PRECEDENT

REVISED BLOCK TYPES

Lebbeus Woods seemed like a good precedent for these blocks with catalyst programs. He sets up a very legible dichotomy between static space and these almost parasitic interventions that tunnel through the regular grid in section. These images directed the new block designs which all have a predominant program with subsidiary programs placed throughout which are allowed to expand and contract as required throughout 24 hours in the city.

These new block types allow for different programs to expand and contract throughout the day as required. There is a predominant program within each block, with several “catalysts” at various levels that are allowed to bleed into the main program throughout the day. They might even take over entirely during the evening; for example, when office space is not in use during the evening the spaces could be used for entertainment purposes etc.

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

The Commuter

The Big Spender

The Homemaker

BLOCK PRECEDENT

REVISED BLOCK TYPES

Lebbeus Woods seemed like a good precedent for these blocks with catalyst programs. He sets up a very legible dichotomy between static space and these almost parasitic interventions that tunnel through the regular grid in section. These images directed the new block designs which all have a predominant program with subsidiary programs placed throughout which are allowed to expand and contract as required throughout 24 hours in the city.

These new block types allow for different programs to expand and contract throughout the day as required. There is a predominant program within each block, with several “catalysts” at various levels that are allowed to bleed into the main program throughout the day. They might even take over entirely during the evening; for example, when office space is not in use during the evening the spaces could be used for entertainment purposes etc.

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

“THE COMMUTER” OVER TIME

“THE BIG SPENDER” OVER TIME

morning

mid-morning

lunch

morning

mid-morning

lunch

afternoon

evening

night

afternoon

evening

night

The Temporal City

Civic/Cultural

Civic/Cultural

Office

Retail

Commercial Accomm.

Commercial Accomm.

Entertainment

Entertainment

Gym

F+B

F+B

(ΔT)

“THE COMMUTER” OVER TIME

“THE BIG SPENDER” OVER TIME

morning

mid-morning

lunch

morning

mid-morning

lunch

afternoon

evening

night

afternoon

evening

night

The Temporal City

Civic/Cultural

Civic/Cultural

Office

Retail

Commercial Accomm.

Commercial Accomm.

Entertainment

Entertainment

Gym

F+B

F+B

(ΔT)

g

n ni

or

“THE HOME MAKER” OVER TIME

M

Mi

d-

morning

mid-morning

rni

ng

n

o no

r

te f A

Mo

Mi

d-

lunch

Af te

rno

on

g

n ni

e Ev

Ni

gh

afternoon

evening

t

night

Civic/Cultural Residential Education (Library) F+B

The Temporal City

PROPOSED CITY OVER 24 HOURS With the new block types, the city can expand and contract as required throughout the day. This could reduce the intensity of pedestrian flows throughout the day as workers and residents no longer have to travel across the city to get lunch or see a movie after work. (ΔT)

g

n ni

or

“THE HOME MAKER” OVER TIME

M

Mi

d-

morning

mid-morning

rni

ng

n

o no

r

te f A

Mo

Mi

d-

lunch

Af te

rno

on

g

n ni

e Ev

Ni

gh

afternoon

evening

t

night

Civic/Cultural Residential Education (Library) F+B

The Temporal City

PROPOSED CITY OVER 24 HOURS With the new block types, the city can expand and contract as required throughout the day. This could reduce the intensity of pedestrian flows throughout the day as workers and residents no longer have to travel across the city to get lunch or see a movie after work. (ΔT)

Urban Rules

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

Urban Rules

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

Rule 1:

Rule 4:

no labels

the legible split screen

Value:

Value:

The city should not be dominated by any single use / identity.

This heterogeneity should be legible in the resulting architecture.

Rule:

Rule:

Rule 2:

Rule 5:

the split screen

same same but different

Value:

Value:

No industry shall exceed 30% occupation of the city.

The city should preference heterogeneity over homogeneity.

Rule:

At a minimum, all buildings must accommodate a number of programs equal to (height in metres) x 0.1

Adjacent uses must be architecturally differentiated. Methods may include physical separation, materiality, facade depth etc.

30m 1 2

3

Each city block should enhance the character of adjacent blocks.

Rule:

The predominant program of every adjacent block must differ. The next largest program should be of relative equivalence.

Rule 3:

Rule 6:

the vertical split screen

hey get away from me

Value:

Value:

Heterogeneity should apply beyond the ground plane.

The city should read as a collection of varied buildings, not an extruded mass.

Rule:

Rule:

At a minimum, a diverse program must be present in every 1/3 of the buildings Z axis.

The Temporal City

different

same same

1050%

Buildings must differ in height from those immediately adjacent by 20-50%, with a maximum height of 300m.

This includes those on the border of the CBD relative to buildings outside the border.

(ΔT)

Rule 1:

Rule 4:

no labels

the legible split screen

Value:

Value:

The city should not be dominated by any single use / identity.

This heterogeneity should be legible in the resulting architecture.

Rule:

Rule:

Rule 2:

Rule 5:

the split screen

same same but different

Value:

Value:

No industry shall exceed 30% occupation of the city.

The city should preference heterogeneity over homogeneity.

Rule:

At a minimum, all buildings must accommodate a number of programs equal to (height in metres) x 0.1

Adjacent uses must be architecturally differentiated. Methods may include physical separation, materiality, facade depth etc.

30m 1 2

3

Each city block should enhance the character of adjacent blocks.

Rule:

The predominant program of every adjacent block must differ. The next largest program should be of relative equivalence.

Rule 3:

Rule 6:

the vertical split screen

hey get away from me

Value:

Value:

Heterogeneity should apply beyond the ground plane.

The city should read as a collection of varied buildings, not an extruded mass.

Rule:

Rule:

At a minimum, a diverse program must be present in every 1/3 of the buildings Z axis.

The Temporal City

different

same same

1050%

Buildings must differ in height from those immediately adjacent by 20-50%, with a maximum height of 300m.

This includes those on the border of the CBD relative to buildings outside the border.

(ΔT)

EXISTING HEIGHTS CONDITION The corner of Bourke St and Russell St is one of the few places in the CBD where you can read majority of the block from street level. This is a rare occurrence in the city where podiums and towers are the predominant typology. It fits in well with the theme of reading the city as a series of “split screens” rather than giant extrusions with singular programs.

Rule 6 (Revised): hey get away from me Value: TESTING RULE 6 This rule is not working well because once the heights reach 300m, the extrusions just alternate between 20% higher/lower. It doesn’t help that the model used was a generic to represent individual buildings and that there was a presumption of maximum development in playing out the rule.

However, it does show how the rule isn’t enough on its own to prevent undesirable outcomes.

The Temporal City

The city should read as a collection of varied buildings, not an extruded mass.

Rule:

All buildings must be visible from an adjacent junction, with a maximum height of 200m.

(ΔT)

EXISTING HEIGHTS CONDITION The corner of Bourke St and Russell St is one of the few places in the CBD where you can read majority of the block from street level. This is a rare occurrence in the city where podiums and towers are the predominant typology. It fits in well with the theme of reading the city as a series of “split screens” rather than giant extrusions with singular programs.

Rule 6 (Revised): hey get away from me Value: TESTING RULE 6 This rule is not working well because once the heights reach 300m, the extrusions just alternate between 20% higher/lower. It doesn’t help that the model used was a generic to represent individual buildings and that there was a presumption of maximum development in playing out the rule.

However, it does show how the rule isn’t enough on its own to prevent undesirable outcomes.

The Temporal City

The city should read as a collection of varied buildings, not an extruded mass.

Rule:

All buildings must be visible from an adjacent junction, with a maximum height of 200m.

(ΔT)

30 Year Change Over Time

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

30 Year Change Over Time

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

YEAR 10

YE

YE

YE

AR

AR

AR

The Temporal City

YEAR 20

YEAR 30

10

20

30

(ΔT)

YEAR 10

YE

YE

YE

AR

AR

AR

The Temporal City

YEAR 20

YEAR 30

10

20

30

(ΔT)

YEAR 10

YEAR 20

YEAR 30

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

YEAR 10

YEAR 20

YEAR 30

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

The Temporal City

PROPOSED CITY SECTION - 30 YEAR OVERLAY

BLOCK STUDY - 24 HOUR CYCLE

(ΔT)

The Temporal City

PROPOSED CITY SECTION - 30 YEAR OVERLAY

BLOCK STUDY - 24 HOUR CYCLE

(ΔT)

The Temporal City

PROPOSED CITY PLAN - 30 YEAR OVERLAY

(ΔT)

The Temporal City

PROPOSED CITY PLAN - 30 YEAR OVERLAY

(ΔT)

Mid-Semester Proposition

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

Mid-Semester Proposition

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

The idea of the city is stagnant. Born to facilitate business transactions, she has prioritised efficiency over amenity for decades and still continues to serve the ideals of a retired generation. I may literally see myself in every cold glass facade that lines her streets, but I can’t see our collective, agglomerative, everchanging history in her forms. Today’s city is for the workers, and when they retire in the evenings she goes to sleep too. I will probably never venture into most of her towers; most of us only ever get to see the strips of retail frontages that plaster podiums in a false pretense, intimating that there is variety here when we know there is not. Especially today, as we are all sequestered at home-base, we see how the rigid concentration of any one program could put the entire city to sleep in an instant.

The Temporal City

The city I want to know is versatile, transparent and diverse. Her buildings are not closed boxes, but trafficable and speckled with something recognisable and accessible; something that says you’re welcome to be here. The city I want to know is legible; a split screen city with lots of tabs open. She takes on a different role every day, every hour even, and always lets us in. She doesn’t force you to walk hundreds of metres in search of what you’re looking for, she shows you that it’s everywhere. She doesn’t go to bed at night, but stays up doing something else. She used to take very sharp breaths as people flooded her streets during the days and ebbed away in the evenings. Now people are always here, and she can breathe evenly over 24 hours without ever having to go to sleep at all. (ΔT)

The idea of the city is stagnant. Born to facilitate business transactions, she has prioritised efficiency over amenity for decades and still continues to serve the ideals of a retired generation. I may literally see myself in every cold glass facade that lines her streets, but I can’t see our collective, agglomerative, everchanging history in her forms. Today’s city is for the workers, and when they retire in the evenings she goes to sleep too. I will probably never venture into most of her towers; most of us only ever get to see the strips of retail frontages that plaster podiums in a false pretense, intimating that there is variety here when we know there is not. Especially today, as we are all sequestered at home-base, we see how the rigid concentration of any one program could put the entire city to sleep in an instant.

The Temporal City

The city I want to know is versatile, transparent and diverse. Her buildings are not closed boxes, but trafficable and speckled with something recognisable and accessible; something that says you’re welcome to be here. The city I want to know is legible; a split screen city with lots of tabs open. She takes on a different role every day, every hour even, and always lets us in. She doesn’t force you to walk hundreds of metres in search of what you’re looking for, she shows you that it’s everywhere. She doesn’t go to bed at night, but stays up doing something else. She used to take very sharp breaths as people flooded her streets during the days and ebbed away in the evenings. Now people are always here, and she can breathe evenly over 24 hours without ever having to go to sleep at all. (ΔT)

EXISTING

PROPOSED

Civic/Cultural Office Retail Residential Entertainment F+B Education Medical Commercial Accomm

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

EXISTING

PROPOSED

Civic/Cultural Office Retail Residential Entertainment F+B Education Medical Commercial Accomm

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

F+B

RESIDENTIAL

MO R

AF

TE

EV

The Temporal City

CIVIC

MI NI

NG

MI RN

EN

D-

OO

IN

G

D-

MO R

AF

TE

N

NI

NI

RESIDENTIAL

EDUCATION

EDUCATION

MO R NG

AF RN

GH

OO

TE

MI NI

RN

T

“THE HOME MAKER”

EN

D-

NG

MI

N

EV

HEALTH

OO

IN

G

D-

MO R

AF

TE

N

NI

NI

RN

GH

F+B

NG

OO

N

T

“THE TRUTH SEEKER”

(ΔT)

F+B

RESIDENTIAL

MO R

AF

TE

EV

The Temporal City

CIVIC

MI NI

NG

MI RN

EN

D-

OO

IN

G

D-

MO R

AF

TE

N

NI

NI

RESIDENTIAL

EDUCATION

EDUCATION

MO R NG

AF RN

GH

OO

TE

MI NI

RN

T

“THE HOME MAKER”

EN

D-

NG

MI

N

EV

HEALTH

OO

IN

G

D-

MO R

AF

TE

N

NI

NI

RN

GH

F+B

NG

OO

N

T

“THE TRUTH SEEKER”

(ΔT)

ENTERTAINMENT

COMMERCIAL

MO R

AF

TE

EV

The Temporal City

F+B

MI NI

NG

MI RN

EN

D-

OO

IN

G

D-

MO R

AF

TE

N

NI

NI

GYM

HOTEL

RETAIL

MO R NG

AF RN

GH

OO

TE

MI NI

RN

T

“THE COMMUTER”

EN

D-

NG

MI

N

EV

ENTERTAINMENT

OO

IN

G

D-

MO R

AF

TE

N

NI

NI

RN

GH

CIVIC

F+B

NG

OO

N

T

“THE BIG SPENDER”

(ΔT)

ENTERTAINMENT

COMMERCIAL

MO R

AF

TE

EV

The Temporal City

F+B

MI NI

NG

MI RN

EN

D-

OO

IN

G

D-

MO R

AF

TE

N

NI

NI

GYM

HOTEL

RETAIL

MO R NG

AF RN

GH

OO

TE

MI NI

RN

T

“THE COMMUTER”

EN

D-

NG

MI

N

EV

ENTERTAINMENT

OO

IN

G

D-

MO R

AF

TE

N

NI

NI

RN

GH

CIVIC

F+B

NG

OO

N

T

“THE BIG SPENDER”

(ΔT)

Rule 1:

Rule 4:

the split screen

same same but different

Value: The city should preference heterogeneity over homogeneity.

Rule:

At a minimum, all buildings must accommodate a number of programs equal to (height in metres) x 0.1

30m 1 2

3

Value: Each city block should enhance the character of adjacent blocks.

Rule:

The predominant program of every adjacent block must differ. The next largest program should be of relative equivalence.

Rule 2:

Rule 5:

the vertical split screen

peering in

Value:

Value:

Heterogeneity should apply beyond the ground plane.

Rule:

At a minimum, a diverse program must be present in every 1/3 of the buildings Z axis.

Rule 3:

Rule:

Buildings must differ in height from those immediately adjacent by 20-50%, with a maximum height of 300m.

All buildings buildings must be visible from an adjacent intersection. The only height limit is reasonable legibility.

Rule 6:

Value:

bridges

Rule:

Adjacent uses must be architecturally differentiated. Methods may include physical separation, materiality, facade depth etc.

The Temporal City

same same

The city should read as a collection of varied buildings, not an extruded mass.

the legible split screen

This heterogeneity should be legible in the resulting architecture.

different

Value: Amenities should be equally accessible to all residents.

Rule:

If both parties agree, adjacent buildings may bridge across roads to link subsidiary programs. These situations are exempt from Rule 5. (ΔT)

Rule 1:

Rule 4:

the split screen

same same but different

Value: The city should preference heterogeneity over homogeneity.

Rule:

At a minimum, all buildings must accommodate a number of programs equal to (height in metres) x 0.1

30m 1 2

3

Value: Each city block should enhance the character of adjacent blocks.

Rule:

The predominant program of every adjacent block must differ. The next largest program should be of relative equivalence.

Rule 2:

Rule 5:

the vertical split screen

peering in

Value:

Value:

Heterogeneity should apply beyond the ground plane.

Rule:

At a minimum, a diverse program must be present in every 1/3 of the buildings Z axis.

Rule 3:

Rule:

Buildings must differ in height from those immediately adjacent by 20-50%, with a maximum height of 300m.

All buildings buildings must be visible from an adjacent intersection. The only height limit is reasonable legibility.

Rule 6:

Value:

bridges

Rule:

Adjacent uses must be architecturally differentiated. Methods may include physical separation, materiality, facade depth etc.

The Temporal City

same same

The city should read as a collection of varied buildings, not an extruded mass.

the legible split screen

This heterogeneity should be legible in the resulting architecture.

different

Value: Amenities should be equally accessible to all residents.

Rule:

If both parties agree, adjacent buildings may bridge across roads to link subsidiary programs. These situations are exempt from Rule 5. (ΔT)

YEAR 10

The Temporal City

YEAR 20

YEAR 30

(ΔT)

YEAR 10

The Temporal City

YEAR 20

YEAR 30

(ΔT)

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

The Temporal City

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The Temporal City

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The Temporal City

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AERIAL

The Temporal City

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AERIAL

The Temporal City

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The Temporal City

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The Temporal City

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The Temporal City

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The Temporal City

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Conceptual Reframing

The Temporal City

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Conceptual Reframing

The Temporal City

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Renders are just data models with materiality at the moment.

Current project consists of uniform containers that aren’t reacting to their neighbours.

Drawn outcome doesn’t reflect diversity.

Could this project be nonphyiscal? I.e. a new set of planning guidelines or reformation of existing ones?

Something needs to come first, then catalyse the next wave of development.

Current renders = symbols rather than “architecure”.

“Planting seeds”

Non-Physical Representation?

Look at other disciplines for new methods of representation.

Consider limits of representing diversity across entire city.

The Temporal City

Reactive, NonLinear Development?

How do we change our habits for a 24 hour cycle?

What non-architectural data can be overlayed to agitate the system?

If project is represented “traditionally” people read things into it that you might not mean.

Polemic Vs. Solution Driven?

“Genetic Urbanism”

What should be controled, and what should be left uncontroled? “if/then” statements in rule sets?

Either amplify clashing systems, or resolve + document moments.

“See possibilities in clashes + mistakes” There might not be a final resolved project. (ΔT)

Renders are just data models with materiality at the moment.

Current project consists of uniform containers that aren’t reacting to their neighbours.

Drawn outcome doesn’t reflect diversity.

Could this project be nonphyiscal? I.e. a new set of planning guidelines or reformation of existing ones?

Something needs to come first, then catalyse the next wave of development.

Current renders = symbols rather than “architecure”.

“Planting seeds”

Non-Physical Representation?

Look at other disciplines for new methods of representation.

Consider limits of representing diversity across entire city.

The Temporal City

Reactive, NonLinear Development?

How do we change our habits for a 24 hour cycle?

What non-architectural data can be overlayed to agitate the system?

If project is represented “traditionally” people read things into it that you might not mean.

Polemic Vs. Solution Driven?

“Genetic Urbanism”

What should be controled, and what should be left uncontroled? “if/then” statements in rule sets?

Either amplify clashing systems, or resolve + document moments.

“See possibilities in clashes + mistakes” There might not be a final resolved project. (ΔT)

CONCEPTUAL REFRAMING Starts with an exaggeration / business as usual scenario for the old city.

B + F E

E T N

RET A IL

M

C I V I C

RE S ID IAL COMMERC

The Temporal City

IN A RT

T N E

N

Maybe each system has its own model for growth + different hierarchies of which system takes precedence at which time.

IO AT UC

“If/then” statements manifest as a series of catalysts or “seeds” that are dropped into the site and trigger different types of growth to occur in the city. When one event occurs, another is triggered, and when different systems collide, something completely new emerges.

ED

Introduces “if/then” statements for development, allowing different parts of the city to grow/shrink according to their own context/needs rather than as a simple agglomeration.

Maybe these new systems can be thought of a “soil” and “seeds”. The soil consists of anchor programs that still have rules for growth but make-up the bulk of the city. Then mixed-use seeds are dropped into this soil with growth patterns based on organic systems.

EN

TI A

L

(ΔT)

CONCEPTUAL REFRAMING Starts with an exaggeration / business as usual scenario for the old city.

B + F E

E T N

RET A IL

M

C I V I C

RE S ID IAL COMMERC

The Temporal City

IN A RT

T N E

N

Maybe each system has its own model for growth + different hierarchies of which system takes precedence at which time.

IO AT UC

“If/then” statements manifest as a series of catalysts or “seeds” that are dropped into the site and trigger different types of growth to occur in the city. When one event occurs, another is triggered, and when different systems collide, something completely new emerges.

ED

Introduces “if/then” statements for development, allowing different parts of the city to grow/shrink according to their own context/needs rather than as a simple agglomeration.

Maybe these new systems can be thought of a “soil” and “seeds”. The soil consists of anchor programs that still have rules for growth but make-up the bulk of the city. Then mixed-use seeds are dropped into this soil with growth patterns based on organic systems.

EN

TI A

L

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Programmed Systems

The Temporal City

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Programmed Systems

The Temporal City

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public space pavers

The City as Discrete Systems Where previously I had city blocks with different character, I think it would make sense to look at the city as a group of systems with different behaviours.

Rather than having different “block types” these are “system types” that have different rules of interaction and different types of growth/decline. The seed metaphor is a useful analogy because plants do interact with one another; some grow really well in certain conditions, and some starve out other sprouts from becoming fully fledged. They also decline when certain conditions aren’t met, and generally interact with one another.

civic roots

commercial eroding soil

residential fertile soil

f+b weeds

education gravel The Temporal City

retail ground cover

entertainment blooms (ΔT)

public space pavers

The City as Discrete Systems Where previously I had city blocks with different character, I think it would make sense to look at the city as a group of systems with different behaviours.

Rather than having different “block types” these are “system types” that have different rules of interaction and different types of growth/decline. The seed metaphor is a useful analogy because plants do interact with one another; some grow really well in certain conditions, and some starve out other sprouts from becoming fully fledged. They also decline when certain conditions aren’t met, and generally interact with one another.

civic roots

commercial eroding soil

residential fertile soil

f+b weeds

education gravel The Temporal City

retail ground cover

entertainment blooms (ΔT)

Residential System | Fertile Soil

Office/Commercial System | Eroding Soil

Like the Abode tower, the residential system expresses individual rooms and as such, residents can see their homes as distinct building blocks that form part of the city as a whole.

The office system may one day become obsolete as we move into a new era of satellite living; maybe its remnants become reinhabited or in some scenarios they are left to vanish entirely.

The residential system thrives on sunlight and prioritises bringing natural light into every home. To ensure this requirement is met it takes over other systems where necessary, growing steadily in the direction of sunlight and retracting if overshadowed.

The office system erodes over time, becoming smaller as less space is required and disappearing completely where other systems would thrive.

RULES:

RULES:

Grows 25% every 5 years towards sunlight If bordering public/open space, becomes more dense

Total volume decreases by 20% every 5 years Disappears if compromising the rules of any other system

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

Residential System | Fertile Soil

Office/Commercial System | Eroding Soil

Like the Abode tower, the residential system expresses individual rooms and as such, residents can see their homes as distinct building blocks that form part of the city as a whole.

The office system may one day become obsolete as we move into a new era of satellite living; maybe its remnants become reinhabited or in some scenarios they are left to vanish entirely.

The residential system thrives on sunlight and prioritises bringing natural light into every home. To ensure this requirement is met it takes over other systems where necessary, growing steadily in the direction of sunlight and retracting if overshadowed.

The office system erodes over time, becoming smaller as less space is required and disappearing completely where other systems would thrive.

RULES:

RULES:

Grows 25% every 5 years towards sunlight If bordering public/open space, becomes more dense

Total volume decreases by 20% every 5 years Disappears if compromising the rules of any other system

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

Education System | Gravel

Public Space System | Pavers

The education system is porous like gravel, allowing other systems to sprout in among the crevices. It consists of different sized spaces that are somewhat dispersed, and the pockets in between allow other programs in providing a broad campus interspersed with various amenities.

The public space system acts like pavers in a garden bed, preventing any growth above and levelling out the activity below.

These spaces are like void cuts for the rest of the city, with rules disallowing overshadowing during specified hours that might take chunks out of existing forms.

RULES:

RULES:

If spaces are too far from the central campus they may be overrun by another system

No activity to overrun public space No overshadowing at certain times of day

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

Education System | Gravel

Public Space System | Pavers

The education system is porous like gravel, allowing other systems to sprout in among the crevices. It consists of different sized spaces that are somewhat dispersed, and the pockets in between allow other programs in providing a broad campus interspersed with various amenities.

The public space system acts like pavers in a garden bed, preventing any growth above and levelling out the activity below.

These spaces are like void cuts for the rest of the city, with rules disallowing overshadowing during specified hours that might take chunks out of existing forms.

RULES:

RULES:

If spaces are too far from the central campus they may be overrun by another system

No activity to overrun public space No overshadowing at certain times of day

The Temporal City

(ΔT)

F+B System | Weeds

Retail System | Ground Cover

The F+B system pops up wherever there is available space that doesn’t compromise the requirements of another system.

The retail system grows in a predominantly lateral direction, prioritising a mall and clearly visible frontage. It might scale down over time as online shopping becomes the norm, and potentially becomes a semi underground system that requires cheap storage space for “click and collect” rather than expensive street frontages.

The Temporal City

RULES:

RULES:

May not compromise another system.

Predominantly lateral growth where possible.

Grows towards ground over time.

(ΔT)

F+B System | Weeds

Retail System | Ground Cover

The F+B system pops up wherever there is available space that doesn’t compromise the requirements of another system.

The retail system grows in a predominantly lateral direction, prioritising a mall and clearly visible frontage. It might scale down over time as online shopping becomes the norm, and potentially becomes a semi underground system that requires cheap storage space for “click and collect” rather than expensive street frontages.

The Temporal City

RULES:

RULES:

May not compromise another system.

Predominantly lateral growth where possible.

Grows towards ground over time.

(ΔT)

Entertainment System | Blooms

Civic / Cultural System | Roots

The entertainment system expands and contracts like flowers in bloom. The entertainment system is compact during the day and expands during the nighttime, taking over other spaces that are unused in the evening such as office and teaching spaces.

Therefore, it thrives amongst education + commercial soil.

This system grows like a root system, ensuring that all parts of the city are veined with public amenities such as libraries and galleries. They concentrate around public open spaces, becoming a buffer preventing commercial or private uses from compromising designated public space.

The Temporal City

RULES:

RULES:

Compact during the day.

Opens up in the evening.

Concentrates around public space (pavers).

Branches out from origin.

(ΔT)

Entertainment System | Blooms

Civic / Cultural System | Roots

The entertainment system expands and contracts like flowers in bloom. The entertainment system is compact during the day and expands during the nighttime, taking over other spaces that are unused in the evening such as office and teaching spaces.

Therefore, it thrives amongst education + commercial soil.

This system grows like a root system, ensuring that all parts of the city are veined with public amenities such as libraries and galleries. They concentrate around public open spaces, becoming a buffer preventing commercial or private uses from compromising designated public space.

The Temporal City

RULES:

RULES:

Compact during the day.

Opens up in the evening.

Concentrates around public space (pavers).

Branches out from origin.

(ΔT)

The Temporal City

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The Temporal City

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The Temporal City

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The Temporal City

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The Temporal City Ian Nazareth RMIT Architecture Semester 2 2020