TONGYANG XU Artefact

RMIT MAJOR PROJECT EXPERIMENTAL CITIES TONGYANG XU

CITY X C HINA VENICE VIRTUAL PAVILION2021 BIENNALE ARCHITETTURA BIENNALE SESSIONS CITY VENICE 22/05VIRTUAL 21/11 X C HINA PAVILION 2021 BIENNALE SESSIONS

[ Energy Consumption ]

[ Solid Carbon Waste ]

[ Greenhouse Gas Emission ]

[ Hong Kong Major Energy Imported ] Electricity Coal Products Oil Products

3.4

/100

20.2

/100

76.4

/100

[ Hong Kong Major Energy Requirements ] Electricity Gas Oil Products

47.6

/100

43.9

/100

8.5

/100

[ Energy Supplies for Electricity ] Coal Oil and Renewables Natural Gas Nuclear Energy Pumped Storage

50 /100 7 /100 27 /100 11 /100 5 /100

[ Shen Zhen ]

20 KM

15 KM

10 KM

5 KM Ma Wan

[ Hong Kong CBD ]

[ Tuen Mun ]

[ Tsing Yi ]

[ Kwar Chung ]

Ma Wan 15 KM

10 KM

5 KM

[ Tuen Mun River Trade Terminal ] [ Hong Kong International Airport ]

[ Kwai Tsing Container Terminals ]

[ Hong Kong Disneyland Resort ]

[ Discovery Bay ]

[ Tuen Mun ]

[ Tsing Yi ]

[ Kwar Chung ]

Ma Wan [ Tuen Mun River Trade Terminal ] [ Hong Kong International Airport ]

[ Kwai Tsing Container Terminals ]

[ Hong Kong Disneyland Resort ]

[ Discovery Bay ]

Hong Kong as one of the density city in the world, The energy consuming is higher than other similar scale cities.

Large scale city will produce more pollution has produced and more noise and waste.

Ma Wan is the island which site between nature zone and dwelling zone. There was a small fishing village. With some infrastructure system such as schools, clear public beach and vivifying shrubbery.

However, that was changed when Tsing Ma Bridge built.

Old Village people have to move out cause the pollution and noise which bridge produced More vessel pass though Ma Wan island And produce pollution into air and sea. Also vessel noise effect sea live around Ma Wan island.

Population going to be another issue for Ma Wan island.

More people commuting from Hong Kong central to home in Ma Wan. That effect population growing up. According to this effective, High-rise apartment , daily waste, water supporting, traffic issue are going to increase.

[ Sewage Treatment Plant ]

[ Passenger Pier ] [ Modern Commercial Area ] [ Modern Residential Living Area ]

[ Traditional Residential Living Area ]

[ High-density Apartment Living Area ]

[ Noah’s Ark Theme Park ] [ Theme Hotel ]

[ Ma Wan Fire Station ]

COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT AREA VILLAGE TYPE DEVELOPMENT OPTEN SPACE GREEN BELT OTHRE SPECIFIED USED

Autumn rainfall isohyets in Ma Wan

500 mm

Spring rainfall isohyets in Ma Wan

80 mm

70 mm

60 mm

Summer rainfall isohyets in Ma Wan

200 mm

450 mm Winter rainfall isohyets in Ma Wan

250 mm

300 mm

35 mm

30 mm

Total rainfall in different seasons. 80% rain falling between summer and autumn have. Annual rainfall ranges from about 1400 millimetres to more than 3000 millimetres

25 mm

EXISTING MA WAN ISLAND

ZERO CARBON CITY

Sensors Recording Recycle System System Output DATA Base ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Transportation

Ma Wan Island

Bus Transport Boat Transport Private Car Transport

Resdencial Area

Low-rise Townhouse High-rise Apartment

Heritage Area

Heritage Townhouse Temple

Greenhouse Gas Emission

Solid Carbon Waste

Beach Public Space

Theme Park Nature Park

Agriculture

Marine Fishing

Nature

Thicket Coast Line Area

Improve Air Quality

Carbon Collection from Air

Carbon Collection from Land

Carbon Collection from Ocean

Carbon Natural Degradation

Carbon Recycle

Renewable Power

C Recycle in the City

EXISTING MA WAN ISLAND

ZERO CARBON CITY

Sensors Recording Recycle System System Output DATA Base ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Transportation

Ma Wan Island

Bus Transport Boat Transport Private Car Transport

Resdencial Area

Low-rise Townhouse High-rise Apartment

Heritage Area

Heritage Townhouse Temple

Greenhouse Gas Emission

Solid Carbon Waste

Beach Public Space

Theme Park Nature Park

Agriculture

Offshore Aquafarming

Nature

Thicket Coast Line Area

Improve Air Quality

Carbon Collection from Air

Carbon Collection from Land

Carbon Collection from Ocean

Carbon Natural Degradation

Carbon Recycle

Renewable Power

C Recycle in the City

Carbon Data Collection system analysis Greenhouse Gas Emission Solid Carbon Waste

Air borne sensor

Food Carbon Emession

Soil sensor

Farming Industry Citizen

Carbon Natural Degradation

Soil sensor

Data Collection

Power Smart Kits Database

Wind Data Temparture Data Sunlight Data Rainfall Data

Organic Fertilizer

Wind sensor

Power Industry Labtop

Desktop Daily Weather

Temparture sensor

Artifical Intelligence

Smart Phone

Sunlight sensor

Data Collection Rainfall sensor

Smart Car

EXISTING MA WAN ISLAND

ZERO CARBON CITY

Sensors Recording Recycle System System Output DATA Base ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Transportation

Ma Wan Island

Bus Transport Boat Transport Private Car Transport

Resdencial Area

Low-rise Townhouse High-rise Apartment

Heritage Area

Heritage Townhouse Temple

Greenhouse Gas Emission

Solid Carbon Waste

Beach Public Space

Theme Park Nature Park

Agriculture

Marine Fishing

Nature

Thicket Coast Line Area

Improve Air Quality

Carbon Collection from Air

Carbon Collection from Land

Carbon Collection from Ocean

Carbon Natural Degradation

Carbon Recycle

Renewable Power

C Recycle in the City

Carbon recycle system analysis

Blue Algae

Carbon Collection from Air Transportation

O2

Carbon Emission Greenhouse Farming

Food Power plant

Carbon Collection from Land Waste fermentation

Fish

CH4 Organic Fertilizer Zooplankton

Marine Fish

Organic Waste

Carbon Collection from Ocean Benthos

Phytoplankton

SOLID CARBON WASTE

[ High-density Apartment Living Area ]

[ Population in Ma Wan Island ]

Total : 13,237

High rise residential building integrate Education and commercial function on the site

[ Sewage Treatment Plant ]

Age Range

[ Passenger Pier ]

[ Modern Commercial Area ] [ Modern Residential Living Area ]

0 - 15

15.4%

16 - 39

31.8%

[ Modern Residential Living Area ]

[ High-density Apartment Living Area ]

Low density residential building Mixed with Commercial building planning on the site

[ Noah’s Ark Theme Park ]

[ Traditional Residential Living Area ]

40 - 64

41.6%

65 +

11.3%

[ Theme Hotel ]

Wan Fire Station ] [ Traditional[ Ma Residential Living Area ] Low density residential building planning on the site. And there are few historical buildings which are showing the local culture

[ 9:00 Population in Ma Wan Island ] HIGH-DENSITY LIVING AREA LOW-DENSITY LIVING AREA OPEN / PUBLIC SPACE GREEN BELT COMMERCIAL [ LOW --------------- HIGH ]

[ 12:00 Population in Ma Wan Island ] HIGH-DENSITY LIVING AREA LOW-DENSITY LIVING AREA OPEN / PUBLIC SPACE GREEN BELT COMMERCIAL [ LOW --------------- HIGH ]

[ 18:00 Population in Ma Wan Island ] HIGH-DENSITY LIVING AREA LOW-DENSITY LIVING AREA OPEN / PUBLIC SPACE GREEN BELT COMMERCIAL [ LOW --------------- HIGH ]

[ 24:00 Population in Ma Wan Island ] HIGH-DENSITY LIVING AREA LOW-DENSITY LIVING AREA OPEN / PUBLIC SPACE GREEN BELT COMMERCIAL [ LOW --------------- HIGH ]

[ Solid Carbon Waste in Ma Wan Island ] HIGH-DENSITY LIVING ZONE LOW-DENSITY LIVING ZONE OPEN / PUBLIC SPACE GREEN BELT COMMERCIAL [ LOW --------------- HIGH ]

To ral en t [ C

B ] un wy M H i u Sh n tau p a La [ K [ N

]

]

e

dge

ne ] g Li n u h ng C [ Tu ] idge a Br M ing [ Ts

g rid

[ Sunny Bay Station ]

Bri

38.6%

u

Private car

y ]

13.5%

Ka

Bus

To [

Hw

46.4%

a Sh

Rail-line/ Ship

ing [ T

1.6 %

ing

Foot

s [ T

TRANSPORTATION USING ON THE MA WAN ISLAND

ier ] Ferry P n a W Tsuen

o r N

Pie 2 ]

[ Sewage Treatment Plant ]

SITE TRANSPORTATION CARBON GAS EMISSION

[ Passenger Pier ]

[ Modern Commercial Area ]

Road Transport

[ Modern Residential Living Area ]

Navigation

28,300

Tonnes/ unit

15,640

Tonnes/ unit

[ High-density Apartment Living Area ]

[ Noah’s Ark Theme Park ]

[ Traditional Residential Living Area ]

Civil Aviation

4,280

[ Theme Hotel ]

Tonnes/ unit

[ Ma Wan Fire Station ]

G

P KA

A [ H

[

UN I M

U SH

AY

IRW FA

Y ] WA FAIR AN A W [ M

W IR FA N PA

] AY

]

[ Shipyard ]

160

CO2 Emission by Navigation Cargo Vessel number

140 120 100

G

80 60

[ P KA

A [ H

N PA

IR FA

]

UN I M

2001

2005

IRW FA

[ Shipyard ]

U SH

40

2009

2014

AY

Y ] WA FAIR AN A W [ M

W

AY

2018

]

[ Oil Depot ]

ing [ T Ka u

ing

s [ T

To [

Bri

a Sh To

[ Sunny Bay Station ]

ral en t [ C

B ] un wy M H i u Sh n tau p a La [ K [ N

]

]

y ]

e

g rid

dge

Hw ne ] g Li n u h ng C [ Tu ] idge a Br M ing [ Ts

ier ] Ferry P n a W Tsuen

o r N

Pie 2 ]

Car transport pass through TsingMa Bridge 25,110,392/year 68,737/day

00.05%

CO2 sum : 16,258,978 tons / year | 44,507 tons / day

99.38% ne ] g Li n u h ng C [ Tu ] idge a Br M ing [ Ts

e

g rid

To

[ Sunny Bay Station ]

ral en t [ C

B ] un wy M H i u Sh n tau p a La [ K [ N

]

]

24 tons / day

dge

8789 tons / year |

Bri

HC sum :

u

00.04%

y ]

19 tons / day

Ka

7031 tons / year |

To [

Hw

NOX sum :

a Sh

00.53%

ing [ T

241 tons / day

ing

87,886 tons / year |

s [ T

CO sum :

ier ] Ferry P n a W Tsuen

o r N

Pie 2 ]

TRANSPORTATION CARBON COLLECTION SYSTEM

Existing Roads in Ma Wan Trsing Ma Bridge Existing Freeway Entre Ma Wan Island Street

Human Area in Ma Wan City Centre High Density Living Zone Low Density Living Zone Education Commercial Transportation Ship Port Public Zone Heritage Zone Marine Fishing Zone

Non- Human Area in Ma Wan Ma Wan Park Green Belt Beach

Public Transportation Main Transportation Connection Residential Zone with Public Space Algiculture Space

Sea Levels changed in Extreme high situation

2020

2040

2060

2080

2100

2120

Isla

Isla Oce

an

Sea Level in normal

Isla

nd

nd Oce

an

Sea Level in raising up

nd

Oce

an

Elevated City infrastructure over the sea level

Giant grouper

Mangrove snapper

Russell’s snapper

Brown-spotted grouper Black Kite

Common Tailorbird

Black-collared Starling

Crested Honey Buzzard

Chinese Bulbul

Crested Myna

Cinereous Tit

Dusky Warbler

Eurasian Tree Sparrow

Pallas’s Leaf Warbler

Green grouper

Goldlined seabream

Star snapper

Octopus

Dendrodoris fumata

Little Egret

Red-whiskered Bulbul

Perna viridis

Hypselodoris festiva

Oriental Magpie

Spotted Dove

Mimachlamys sp

Chromodoris dianae

Oriental Magpie Robin

Swinhoe’s White-eye

Ragged sea hare

Ovulidae

Microalgae

+

+

CO2

+

Wastewater with Microalgae

O2 + Clean Water Lipids Biomass

Microalgae

Wastewater with Microalgae

Lipids

Biomass

Clean Water

The microalgae are submitted to photosynthesis and uses organic and inorganic (CO2) compounds as a source of carbon for growth.

This is the Place for Microalgae to photosynthesis with organic and wastewater

The Place to store Lipids which after Micoalgae’s photosynthesis whith CO2 and wastewater

The Place to store Biomass which is Great green energy resource to support daily energy consumption in the Ma Wan city

The clean Water is will provide daily consumption of clean water, Also , it support agriculture water

Microalgae require light when they use organic compounds as a source of carbon

Clean Water Transport system

Pipeline system

Architectural Structure

[ Tuen Mun ]

[ Tsing Yi ]

[ Kwar Chung ]

Ma Wan [ Tuen Mun River Trade Terminal ] [ Hong Kong International Airport ]

[ Kwai Tsing Container Terminals ]

[ Hong Kong Disneyland Resort ]

[ Discovery Bay ]

CO2

CO2 CO2

CO2

Solar panal facede system support the Solar energy for city and public transportation

Algae Photoynthesiser farming system are purify the air, sequester carbon in the city, gain a sustainable food source.

Island agriculture combine with city garden function which are reduce the impact by sea level increasing

Floor Structure

Microalgae Photosynthetic System

Translucent facade

Solar panel facade system

The city base platform for human actives in the city,

The microalgae are photosynthesis to source of carbon internal of the city

The facade allowed the microalgae system gain the sunlight to source the carbon gas in the city,

Solar panel facade system support energy to the city life. Also it provide the power for Microalgae system to solve the carbon emission

1 2

3

4

1

Public transportation link between City public space

2

Muti-living public space with rainwater collection system

3

Muti-living zones with cell form and carbon exchange system

4

Ground level city agriculture gardens and public space

4

1

3

2

1

Public transportation hub with City public space

2

Island agriculture space supporting the food the city

3

Solar panel facade system support the Solar energy for city and public transportation

4

Existing freeway bridge tunnel reduced the noise and carbon collection

CITY GROWTH PROCESS

ELEVATION 01

ELEVATION 02

SECTION 01

SECTION 02

RMIT MAJOR PROJECT EXPERIMENTAL CITIES TONGYANG XU

CITY X C HINA VENICE VIRTUAL PAVILION2021 BIENNALE ARCHITETTURA BIENNALE SESSIONS CITY VENICE 22/05VIRTUAL 21/11 X C HINA PAVILION 2021 BIENNALE SESSIONS