What If Cities Could Move?

MOVING CITY

MOVING CITY

TUTOR JOHN DOYLE GROUP 3 AISHWARYA KHOTH s3753668

BINGYAN CAO s3556454

LU HAN s3752430

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SARAH MARTINUSSEN s3788591

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INDEX What if Senarios A series of speculative propositions for the future of the Taihu mega-city.

Background A series of points, diagrams, images or observations etc that explain the chosen scenario. What in the present day suggests this as a possible future?

Data Visualization A series of integration of the data for spatial visualization that demonstrates, explores and analyses the condition in the Taihu region today.

Mid Semester Developing the population already established consisting of rules of the game, outcomes from the rule system and series of visualization from an urban chunk point of view.

Redefining Moving City Re-defining moving city after the feedback received from the mid semester crits and further developing the project.

Final Project Generation of an integrated system of sharing and exchange in which land-use, density, amenity, greenspace and water ways are negotiated and optimised. this contains a series of outcomes tested based on a set of rules and visualizations from an urban chunk scale.

Appendix Other ideas about moving city.

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T

he Very Very Big Studio this semester has developed each of our understandings of cities and urban development through design and planning. It has broadened our ability to think conceptually about the processes of change that we have considered. While inspiring us to be daring in our proposals and propel us beyond our comfort zones.

Each week John encouraged us to think deeper and further about our ideas and pushed our understandings within both the physical and conceptual realms. For this we have gained valuable skills that we will use to challenge our future thinking towards design. By default, we found ourselves falling back on traditional understandings of cities where our outcomes appeared generic, lacking an individuality representative of the region or our proposal.

We believed our initial proposals for the moving city, were anything but common, yet when we began to filter it down to the outcomes at smaller scales, we struggled to continue the radical line of thinking. In our final outcome we believe we made improvement on this through the development of how the same set of rules will play out differently at the “chunk� scale. A result of how the variation in existing conditions and character will play a vital role on how the area will change and grow into the future.

The feedback we received at mid semester was vital in the development of our final project. We were pushed to be decisive in our definition of whether our concept was of a

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physical movement or the movement of ideas and information. In the end we decided upon a physical movement, however we refined the form of how this was to work. In doing so we lost an element of the radicality of our initial ‘moving islands’ proposal yet came to a proposal that worked with what we knew of growth patterns, in order to maximise the fluidity of diverse urban development. Whilst simultaneously ensuring the promotion of natural environmental value in the region.

The unique setting of this semester has driven us to be better communicators through both spoken work and drawing. The discussions we have had with John have been rich and inspiring, and our conversations as a group have excited and animated us about the possibilities that arose from our body of work. We hope to continue to push our communication further into the future and enrich our abilities to provide swift clarity when presenting our ideas.

At the end of the semester we are proud of the outcomes we have produced, and of our cohesion as a group. A fundamental learning that we will take away, is to be brave and bold in tackling radical propositions, to grab hold of difficult concepts, talk them over (with whomever will listen) and push through the challenges to find what value might lie beyond them.

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W

HAT IF SENARIOS?

To begin this semester we pursued the concept of the “what if?� In order to provoke and challenge our thinking towards future planning. In doing so we created the basis for our final project. It is here that our concept for the final project was initiated.

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01 What if

the city became individual islands?

Issue 1: Sea level rising up - network of water around Taihu will widen and connect - network of water split the land into single island Method: Metabolism - Self-sufficient - Movable - City is decentralized: each island has its own circulation system - The artificial ground of the city would house agriculture, industry and entertainment and the residential towers would descend into the ocean to a depth of 200 metres.

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02 What if

the city could move?

Issue 2: population increasing more high rise building(the height more higher than now) Method: - Intelligent islands - Interconnecting with each other when necessary - Formation of a joint metropolis - Disperse when their concentrated power is no longer necessary.

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03 What if

the road network was divided horizontally and vertically ?

Issue 3: population increasing more high rise building(the height more higher than now) Method: - In order to reduce the stress of traffic jams and provide more convenience of transport for people who live in quite higher position, - Build up road or public transport line across in between the buildings.

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04 What if

the land for agriculture reduced?

Issue 4: population double - Increased demand for residential building - Increased demand for food - Building area increased - Agricultural area decreased Method: - Vertical agriculture - Horizontal agriculture, or attached to the building that has been built, which changes the elevation of city.

- Allow residents to design their own living space, farming space, and grow their own rice / food

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05 What if

there is no need to travel to work?

Issue 5: New lifestyle arise from Covid19 People now are working from home and have to accept a new lifestyle. It also leads to some critical thinking about previous travel-to-work lifestyle with long distance.

Method: - A new lifestyle living and working at home, the range of motion will also shrink.

- The road system will be optimized within countrysides or villages, instead of longspan transport systems.

- Private automated vehicles become redundant. Walkability to goods and services. PT available for longer travel needs.

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06 What if

the health Lake Taihu was ignored and became toxic?

Issue 6: Environmental Degradation Method: Internalisation - If the toxicity of the lake reached the point where the surrounding air was no longer safe for residents to breath, or for agriculture to be viable. The city would need to be restructured so that people could reach all essential goods and services within their building, or through connections between nearby buildings.

Transit options also internalised providing protection from the ‘outside’

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B

ACKGROUND

Our focus for this studio has been Lake Tai, and its co-dependent surrounding cities.

70km from Shanghai, Lake Tai has a diameter of 50km and is situated within the Taihu Basin of the Yangtze River Delta.

The area has a high proportion of agricultural land, yet the last 20 years has seen rapid urban development in this region. As a rough guide there has been a change from 9% built form in 1995 to 34% in 2019.Changing both parkland and agricultural space into urban form.

120km

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70km

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1995

91% open space : 9% built form

2010 74% open space : 26% built form

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90% open space : 10% built for

70% open space : 30% built for

rm

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2000

2005 78% open space : 22% built form

2015

66% open space : 34% built form

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2019

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This heavy use of agriculture, combined with the land use changes to industrial and urban development over the past decades has seen environmental damage to the lake.

The eutrophication of the water from these land uses has resulted in recurring algae bloom outbreaks over the last 20 years and has sparked overhaul of regulation on pesticide usage and installation of wider efforts to improve the condition of the lake.

Zhang, Hui & Wang, Qiao & Guangyu, Li & Zhang, Hanpei & Zhang, Jue. (2016).

2019 Residential Industrial Commercial Agriculture Parkland Wilderness

Land use change

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CGTN (2019)

Sentinelhub (2018)

From our research of the exising environmental conditions we hope to engage with the environmental conditions of the lake and the surrounding land by giving space for the condition of the landscape to improve in health and increase in a biodiversity that is native to the Taihu Basin. Throughout this project we will refer to this intension as the introduction of “wilderness� in doing so we intend this to be moreso aligned with a native parkland or forrest area. Initiated with careful consideration of local and native flora and fauna and preceedingly encouraged to grow with minimal human intervention.

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Air pollution distribution

Population density distribution

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Natural Disaster Prone Area

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Population

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Residential

Industrial

Commercial

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Landscape

Agricultural

Parkland

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Wilderness

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Water system

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Education

Kindergarten

Primary school

High school

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University

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Transport system

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Amenities

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Gallery

Library

Market

Museum

Sport Center

Theater

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MID SEMESTER

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What if the cities could move ?

What if the cities weren’t permanent ?

Moving cities could be the future of the growing problems we are currently facing. Considering the current pandemic, crises, growing population, and environmental pollution, a moving city could be the solution to these problems. We highlighted the following three factors vital to set up the background of our concept.

1. A moving city could interconnect with another city to form a larger moving metropolis when needed and then disperse when their concentrated power is no longer necessary. Considering the future scenario of having a moving city, it could be possible to have these cities isolated when needed.

2. Natural disaster increase - The cities could move away from the areas that are disaster prone and could act as resilient cities. They could not just contribute to being self resilient but also help in decreasing the probability of natural hazards turning into disasters.

3. Global organisation through mobility and connectivity underpin the feasibility of the moveable city. Societies are committed to bringing things between cities; sharing, trading and learning. So why not scale this process up, to instead revolve around the city moving as a whole.

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M

OVING CITY

A moveable city has the power to choose when to plug-in and when to plug out.

A moveable city is therefore a protected city, with the ability to be a self- sufficient entity, yet holds on to the memory of the strength that comes from global connectivity. The moveable cities have the potential to grow as unique and characterful units that are void of a single, pre-determined mould. On initiation the city is provided with the platform of basic, expandable infrastructures and encouraged to develop in isolation.

Thereby aiming to gain strength in the individuality it possesses. In times of need, collaboration or unity the cities can plug into one another to share insights, intellect and resources. However in times of environmental hazard, health threats or conflict the cities can plug out for the purpose of self-preservation.

Due to environmental pollution and population increasing in 2050, original city might not be good for people living with terrible air quality and reduction of resources. In order to solve this issue, people will rebuild a new artificial moving machine to live safely and viably and searching for new natural resources eagerly, we call that “Moving City�.

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V

ECTORS OF CHANGE

Accessibility

Cities have equal access to natural resources and other cities through existing water bodies.

Changes in accessibility to : Density Green spaces Water systems

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MATERIAL Buildings become superlight engineering/constructing Changes in built form and materials for : Speed control Flexibility of movement Time of movement

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Form Sea level rise : Feasibility for movement Changes of the city form due to sea level rise

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R

ules

1. The cities will be defined by x grids)

(eg.waterway,

2. Cities will move towards x (eg. Megacities; financial point attractor, “Beautiful� landscapes; national parks: water, clean air) 3. Move away from x (eg. Density, Pollution) 4. Cities will move at a speed of x km/day, and will increase relative to the sqm of the city 5. GFA to increase or decrease depending on proximity to x 6. Land use will be determined by GFA 7. Green space will scale proportionally to vertical space

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01 The cities will be defined by x (eg.waterway, grids)

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02 Cities will move towards x (eg. Megacities; financial point attractor, “Beautiful� landscapes; national parks: water, clean air)

Sunny area

Landscape (e.g water sunshine & green space)

Green space

Water

Cities will move towards some financial point attractor (e.g megacity)

Economic developed area

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03

Wu Xi

Move away from x (eg. Density, Pollution) Su Zhou

Yi Xing X Yi ing Wu Xi

uX W i

ty er ov x xx

en

Su

ou Zh

Su Zhou

Yi Xing

ou Zh

yy oy xt xx z zz

Hu

Away from high dense

X Yi

Hu Zhou

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uX W

Hu Zhou

Hu

Away from pollution m

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nh

diu

Me

ity

fc

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Zh

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Su

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lo tia ten p po aku bre y Cit

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Average GFA of city over xxx Average GFA of city between xxx to yyy

potential of city breakup

Average GFA of city between yyy to zzz

City

CBD

Low

Higher GFA Medium GFA

Medium Unhealthy

Low GFA

Waterway divide city into seperate parts

Wu Xi

When average GFA of surrounding city have been over X? LANDMARK

Su Zhou

Yi Xing

LANDMARK

Shang Hai

The average GFA of cities around lanadmark should be controlled under a number.

Hu Zhou

- When Air quality index over this region will move away from here towards a nearby place within air qulity index of low than.

Cities with higher GFA should leave.

- When average GFA of surrounding city have been over x, the region with high dense shoule be move away

potential of city breakup City Low Medium Unhealthy

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04 Cities will move at a speed of x km/day, and will increase relative to the sqm of the city

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05 GFA to increase or decrease depending on proximity to x GFA within the cities will be influenced by internal and external factors. Be that proximity to surrounding cities, environment or population density.

x as population

x as density

x as green space

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06 Land use will be determined by GFA As a product of proximity the delegation of land use will be reliant on the relationships with surrounding factors.

High density = Residential

Medium density = Commercial

Low density = Industrial

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07 Green space will scale proportionally to vertical space

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Scenario 01

CITIES ARE DIVIDED BY WATERWAYS

CITIES MOVE TOWARDS LANDSCAPE AND AWAY FROM DENSITY

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Outcome 01 01. Cities are defined by waterways 02. Cities move towards landscape 03. Cities move away from density 04. Cities move at a speed of 200 m/day 05. GFA to increase with proximity to green space 06. Residential = high density, Commercial = medium density, Industrial = low density 07. Green space will scale proportional to vertical space

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Scenario 02 We considered that this outcome was the ‘best case’ scenario. Here we see this as a success in enabling cities to access the benefits of the ‘beautiful landscape’ and are also separated from other cities working with our theory that this separation is the fundamental to the success of our proposal.

CITIES ARE DIVIDED BY 20 X 20KM GRID

CITIES MOVE TOWARDS DENSITY AND AWAY FROM LANDSCAPE

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Outcome 02 01. Cities are defined by a 20x20km grid 02. Cities move towards landscape 03. Cities move away from density 04. Cities move at a speed of 1km/day 05. GFA to increase with proximity to green space 06. Residential = high density, Commercial = medium density, Industrial = low density 07. Green space will scale proportional to vertical space

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Scenario 03

CITIES ARE DIVIDED BY 20 X 20KM GRID

CITIES MOVE TOWARDS DENSITY AND AWAY FROM LANDSCAPE

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Outcome 03 01. Cities are defined by a 20x20km grid 02. Cities move towards density 03. Cities move away from landscape 04. Cities move at a speed of 1km/day 05. GFA to increase with proximity to green space 06. Residential = high density, Commercial = medium density, Industrial = low density 07. Green space will scale proportional to vertical space

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Scenario 04

CITIES ARE DIVIDED BY 10 X 10KM GRID

CITIES MOVE TOWARDS LANDSCAPE AND AWAY FROM DENSITY

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Outcome 04 01. Cities are defined by a 10x10km grid 02. Cities move towards landscape 03. Cities move away from density 04. Cities move at a speed of 2km/day 05. GFA to increase with proximity to green space 06. Residential = high density, Commercial = medium density, Industrial = low density 07. Green space will scale proportional to vertical space

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Scenario 05 We made judement on this outcome to be the ‘worst case’ scenario. The cluster formation of the cities means that we are inhibiting the potential of the moveable city. We think that by being grid locked in density and in pollution this outweighs a potential benefit of a hyper connected network. The size of the 10 km grid also becomes too small to be involved in valuable exchanges that we imagine.

CITIES ARE DIVIDED BY 10 X 10KM GRID

CITIES MOVE TOWARDS DENSITY AND AWAY FROM LANDSCAPE

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Outcome 05 01. Cities are defined by a 10x10km grid 02. Cities move towards density 03. Cities move away from landscape 04. Cities move at a speed of 2km/day 05. GFA to increase with proximity to green space 06. Residential = high density, Commercial = medium density, Industrial = low density 07. Green space will scale proportional to vertical space

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V

ISIONING

Attractor: Greenspace

Attractor: Greenspace REGIONAL SCALE - LAKE TAI

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Industrial Land-use Residential Land-use Greenspace Road Commercial Building Residential Building

CHUNK SCALE (3km * 3km) - SUZHOU

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HUMAN VIEW 01

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HUMAN VIEW 02

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F

EEDBACK FROM MID SEMESTER

Ben Milbourne - Is this an outcome based on a physical or valuable movement.

- We could consider the transfer of information as an assessment of value rathen than necessarily physical forms.

Ian Nazareth - Balance the movement as a catalyst for development or the accomodation of change in program.

Wanyu - Need to take the next step and analyse the outcome to show value or benefits that come from these comparisons. In order to make a judgement on the VALUE. - Movement as flows, eg of traffic or population Neville Mars - The rates of development in China see their urban form move and change constantly.

- Consider “light urbanism” are we thinking in terms of a literal and physical movement or a metaphor for how we want to shape the city.

- If this is physical need to consider the implications on infrustructure. Would this be leaving behind a thick trail of infrustructure?

Bridget Keane - What do cities want and need? How do these cities move around these things?

Is this a behavioural model?

- Can we push the “natural landscapes” to take on greater value?

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K

EY POINTS OF INTEREST

1. Is moving city a conceptual or physical technique? What is the value/meaning of moving city?

2. How do we resolve/speculate in terms of mobility?

3. Before/ After effect of the outcomes in 2050, through analysis data we did before to compare.

4. Movement being catalyst, describe relationships.

5. Circulatory city? Not just for landscape.

6. Which part should move particularly? (also mentioned about the movement of population, information or people normally move in the city or region) 7. Conclusion - what kind of city is a moving city generating?

We gathered the above 7 points to be questions and ideas that we would tackle in the development of the final project.

They were concepts that we needed to further clarify in our own minds and then take forth through the outcomes and visualisations of our work.

The most critical of which was to define what is our meaning of the moving city.

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R

EDEFINING MOVING CITIES

The Moving City is characterised by the reallocation of land use.

Which enables a purposeful delegation of built form and open space.

Fundamental to the moving city is the process of contraction and expansion. Urban form and density are to contract and consolidate, while valuable landscapes expand and replace underutilised land.

The moving city grew from the idea of a need for protection. Protection of the urban from external forces of climatic and human crisis, and developed into an adaptable framework, whereby urban centers, areas of creation and societies can flow across the region to reside in meaningful locations. This is to exist alongside the protection of the natural environment from eminent threats induced by human influence and exploitation. Allowing the potential for landscape to take priority, to spread, to grow and to transform into vast abundant, wilderness inspired regions.

This model sets up a variable proposition which can adapt, respond and sustain a state of flux so as to face future challenges that may arise such as sea level rise, pandemic scale health threats, and even urban homogeneity.

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FINAL PROJECT In our final project the redefinition of our moving cities enabled us to produce an outcome that was underpinned by the key values that we sought to nuture.

We were able to explore the possibilities of the impact of our system upon the urban and natural forms. We have explored these changes in land use, density and ratio of open space as a means to calculate the value of our system.

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Planning for the future

WHAT do we predict to see?

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Increasing population and density

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Need for increased accessibility

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Changing environmental conditions

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Planning for the future

WHAT do we want to see?

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Expansion of green space

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Reorganisation of urban form

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Contraction of density

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Change of land use

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RULES of moving city

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01 Significant green space is preserved.

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02 Density is pulled towards x.

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03 Density is pushed away from x.

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04 Expansion of landscape by contraction of density.

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05 Speed of movement changes by land use.

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06 GFA is relative to land use.

High/Medium

High

78

Medium

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07 Density increases incrementally every 5 years.

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VISIONING - REGIONAL SCALE OUTCOME 01 Attract by Wilderness

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+

AREA 2020 1,944,750,00

2050 4,796,733,000

-

POPULATION 2020 77,956,415

2050 199,693,614

+

GFA 2020 2,545,091,452

2050 6,315,107,379

-

+

GREEN AREA 2020 5,583,147,000

+

2050 3,301,825,001

-

+

-

+ 81

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2020

ATTRACTOR > Density as pushed ( - ) > Greenspace as pull ( + )ATTRACTOR SPEED > 36% expansion of city per 5 years > For inside of city, 25% of Agriculture & parkland —— change equally into residential, industrial, commercial

82 82

2025

2030

MOVING CITY

2035

2040

2045

2050

83 83

Residential Commercial Industrial

MOVING CITY

84 84

2025

2030

MOVING CITY

2035

2040

2045

2050

85 85

Agricultural Parkland Wilderness

MOVING CITY

86 86

2025

2030

MOVING CITY

2035

2040

2045

2050

87 87

Population 2020

MOVING CITY

88 88

Population Outcome1 - 2050 MOVING CITY

89 89

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VISIONING - REGIONAL SCALE OUTCOME 02 Attract by Density

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+

AREA 2020 9,197,700,000

2050 9,197,700,000

POPULATION 2020 77,956,415

2050 417,779,716

-

+

GFA 2020 2,545,091,452

2050 12,045,491,323

-

+

GREEN AREA 2020 5,583,147,000

+

2050 1,875,787,000

-

+

-

+ 91

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2020

ATTRACTOR > Density as pull ( + ) > Greenspace as pushed ( - ) SPEED > 74% expansion of city per 5 years > For inside of city, 25% of Agriculture & parkland —— change equally residential, industrial, commercial

92 92

2025

2030

MOVING CITY

2035

2040

2045

2050

93 93

Residential Commercial Industrial

MOVING CITY

94 94

2025

2030

MOVING CITY

2035

2040

2045

2050

95 95

Agricultural Parkland Wilderness

MOVING CITY

96 96

2025

2030

MOVING CITY

2035

2040

2045

2050

97 97

Population 2020

MOVING CITY

98 98

Population Outcome2 - 2050 MOVING CITY

99 99

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VISIONING - REGIONAL SCALE OUTCOME 03 Attract by Density & Residential Commercial fast than Industrial

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+

AREA 2020 9,197,700,000

2050 4,905,600,000

POPULATION 2020 77,956,415

2050 218,576,596

-

+

GFA 2020 2,545,091,452

2050 6,461,625,098

-

+

GREEN AREA 2020 5,583,147,000

+

2050 3,009,900,000

-

+

-

+ 101

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2020

ATTRACTOR > Density as pull ( + ) > Greenspace as pushed ( - ) SPEED > 36% expansion of city per 5 years > For inside of city, 25% of Agriculture & parkland —— 1. residential, commercial ( when closed to density point) per 5 years 2. industrial ( when closed to wilderness point) per 5 years > For inside of city, 25% residential, commercial —— Industrial ( when closed to wilderness point) > For inside of city, industrial —— residential, commercial ( when closed to den102 sity point)

2025

2030

MOVING CITY

2035

2040

2045

2050

103 103

Residential Commercial Industrial

MOVING CITY

104 104

2025

2030

MOVING CITY

2035

2040

2045

2050

105 105

Agricultural Parkland Wilderness

MOVING CITY

106 106

2025

2030

MOVING CITY

2035

2040

2045

2050

107 107

Population 2020

MOVING CITY

108 108

Population Outcome2 - 2050 MOVING CITY

109 109

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To further examine the implications of the scenarios we have chosen to use scenario 1 as a base to visualise the outcomes at a 3km x 3km scale.

We have chosen three locations with varying existing conditions in order to highlight the potential of the varying outcomes that arise from a single scenario.

1. SUZHOU

2. WUXI

3. YIXING 110

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2

3

1

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VISIONING - CHUNK SCALE 01 SUZHOU

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SUZHOU: The first 3km x 3km sits within the city of Suzhou. In this case we see an existing residential, industrial & urban green space typology mix.

In the outcome of scenario 1 in 2050 this region lies within the newly formed city boundary. The impact on this region sees an overal increase of density and the removal of urban green space.

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2020

The volume of land uses was calculated as a measurement of the increase in density and the changes of priority of the different land uses.

See appendix.

Here the percentages represent the total volume for the demonstrated year, compared against a shell of the final volume outcome in 2050.

The comparison of built form to open space is measured also as this is fundemental in our proposal and provides a great variability in the differing outcomes.

28% 5.9% 65%

96% Built Form 4% Open Space 114

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2030 Green space replaced by residential

Residential infill

14% 18% 67%

100% Built Form 115

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2040 New technology based industrial, agricultural mix Height increases Residential infill

13% 15% 72%

19% Agricultural Mix 81% Built Form 116

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2050 Commercial creates connections between existing buildings

Interconnections between buildings

6%

8% 84%

31% Agricultural Mix 69% Built Form 117

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BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

TYPE 1 : In-Between Building

TYPE 2 : Movable Unit 118

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THE CHANGE 2020-2050 Residential

Commercial

Industrial

GFA

POPULATION

119

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Human View 01

120

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121

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Human View 02

122

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VISIONING - CHUNK SCALE 02 WUXI

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WUXI: The second 3km x 3km is in the city of Wuxi. The exising conditions show a typology mix of predominantly residential & commercial.

In the outcome of scenario 1 in 2050, this area lies within the centre of the newly shaped city. Therefore in this example we witness again an increase in density, however it is now accompanied by the movement of the city centre.

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2020 Wilderness grows and compresses the industrial and agricultural areas

56% 0.2% 43%

100% Built Form 126

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2030 Development of “in between” spaces

51% 8% 48%

100% Built Form 127

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2040 Height increases as city centre begins to move

Commercial connections

52% 0.1% 46%

100% Built Form 128

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2050 Infill more open space with commercial building

Blocks developing as solid connections

53%

46%

100% Built Form 129

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Moving city center

2020

2050 130

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Super dense

2020

2050

131

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BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

TYPE 3 : Connected Block

132

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THE CHANGE 2020-2050 Residential

Commercial

Industrial

GFA

POPULATION

133

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Human View 03

134

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135

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VISIONING - CHUNK SCALE 03 YIXING

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YIXING: Our final 3km x 3km sits on the western boundary of the lake in Yixing. Here the land use contrasts the previouse chunks with a high agricultural & industrial mix.

In the outcome of scenario 1 in 2050, this chunk sits on the boundary between the ubran area and the newly defined ‘wilderness’.

Therefore this example highlights the replacement of agriculture with open space. Additionally it explores the transformation of industrial to an agriculture and industrial mix.

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2020

0% 81% 15% 2%

20% Built Form 80% Agricultural 138

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2030 Wilderness grows and compresses the industrial and agricultural areas Transformation from traditional to tech based industry

0% 82% 16% 1%

17% Built Form 50% Agricultural 31% Parkland 139

MOVING CITY

2040 Wilderness grows and compresses the industrial and agricultural areas Transformation from traditional to tech based industry

0% 80% 19% 1%

14% Built Form 20% Agricultural 64% Parkland 140

MOVING CITY

2050 Development of new combined typology of agriculture and industrial mix

3% 84% 11%

13% Built Form 86% Parkland 141

MOVING CITY

TYPE 4 : High-tech Industry (Industry & Agricultural)

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THE CHANGE 2020-2050 Industrial

Residential

GFA We see the increase in population as the wilderness expands over this area, pushing residential areas, once sprawled in a larger region together within the chunk. As it continues to move on and out of the boundaries of the chunk we see it decrease once again.

POPULATION

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Human View 04 - Hi-tech agricultural industrial development

144

MOVING CITY

145

MOVING CITY

Human View 05 -City Edge

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147

MOVING CITY

A

PPENDIX

DEVELOPMENT OF THE MOVING CITY CONCEPT Throughout the semester we developed many iterations of our idea of the moving city. As we worked towards consolidating our ideas and our thought processes we spent the time each drawing out our understanding of the concept in order to clearly find what seperated our thinking and what we had in common.

We have included some of the initial versions in order to showcase the trial and error we undertook in the process of defining our moving cities.

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MOVING CITY

OPTION 1.

RULE 1 1.01 CITIES WILL BREAK UP VIA EXISTING WATERWAYS 1.02 MOVING ELEMENTS WILL BE DETERMINED BY INTERNAL WATERWAYS

RULE 2 CITIES WILL MOVE SLOWER AS THIER SIZE (SQKM) INCREASES

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MOVING CITY

RULE 3 CITIES WILL MOVE TOWARDS ‘BEAUTIFUL LANDSCAPES’

RULE 4 CITIES WILL MOVE AWAY FROM OTHER CITIES

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MOVING CITY

RULE 5 GFA WILL INCREASE WITH PROXIMITY TO GREEN SPACE

2

1

2

1

LOW GFA (<x)

HIGH GFA (>x)

RULE 6 LAND USE WILL BE DETERMINED BY GFA Commercial - High GFA Residential - Medium GFA Industrial - Low GFA

2

1

1

2

RESIDENTIAL

151

COMMERCIAL

INDUSTRIAL

MOVING CITY

OUTCOME 01

GFA

LAND USE 152

MOVING CITY

OUTCOME 02 DETERMINING THE MOVEMENT OF THE PARTS OF TAIHU REGION

153

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154

MOVING CITY

155

MOVING CITY

OUTCOME 03

156

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OUTCOME 04 Issue

Moving city Environmental pollution

Increasing population

Due to environmental pollution and population increasing in 2050, original city might not be good for people living with terrible air quality and reduction of resources. In order to solve this issue, people will rebuild a new artificial moving machine to live safely and viably and searching for new natural resources eagerly, we call that “Moving City”.

Traction Cities are vast metropolises built on tiers that move on gigantic wheels or caterpillar tracks. As an artificial city, it provides basic facilities for self-sufficient living.

City will rely on the walkable system to move on new location with new sustainable nature resources and fuel. in addition, moving system will provide resource delivery and commercial trade across in between different city with spatial industrial quality.

resources decrease/

average resources per person decrease

There will be some basic facilities for self-sufficient living.

Commercial

Residential

Office

Industry electricity

City will be moved and located nearby resources

Industry

Resource as attractor

Resource Delivery Center City type

Delivery City type

Eac

Public facilities

fresh water

Accept City type

Mining City type

1-2 unique qualities of original city

Basic facilities

Scenario

The original city will be demolished and transformed onto green space.

A newly built walkable city to live and search for resources

Special quality

Mutiple industries

Advanced in mining products

Large population

Developing city

Developed

Far away from resource

Single or limited industrial chain

Convenient transport

Large storage of resource

Small area

Organizing resources

Distribute by government

Easy operation

In ord

Small population

cha Chin

High speed

That w area,

Rule - city system

Minin

a prod Key w

Reso

Rule for establishment of cities moving network Land use been demolished and transformed into green space gradually (setting data in period)

centre distan distrib

Deliv

seem Cities Accep who l

Acce

enoug resou

Beginning

original city been dimolished

Green space rebuild

Mining city searching resources

Resource as attractor for city moving（ Mining Cities - Accepting Cities & Delivery cities - Resource Delivery Centre Cities) The trade / shipping relationship from “Mining Cities —— Accepting Cities” to “Resource Delivery Centre Cities —— Accepting Cities” (setting data in period and amount of number) 1.Resource Delivery Centre Cities locate in center of cities network to achieve convenience transport.

Accepting city searching Mining resources

Trading connection through Delivery City (Mining – Accepting City)

City chain engaged by Resource Center City (Mining – Resource Center – Accepting)

Large city network

2.Resource Delivery Centre Cities will be increased because of more Accepting Cities (setting data in period and amount of number)

Additional rule Accepting Cities have possibility merge into / attach to Mining Cities.

Delivery city across different city

merge accept city

expand city area

Each city needs to expanding area of cities for build more residential building because of population increasing. (setting expanding system)

Beginning

10 years

20 years

1st Moving period: city moving separately and individually for searching natural resources when the trading system between cities not been built strong.

2nd Moving period: cities as a chain/ group moving for searching natural resources when the cities chain has been built stably.

3rd Moving period: Min searching new resourc requirement will be diff the Super Resource De between the each Mini ery Centre Cities settin

Developing period: Accepting Cities types been attracted by Mining Cities to gathering around, and start to build moving chain of Mining – Accepting Cities with Resource Delivery Centre Cities. (base on the rule from establishment of cities network). A cities chain will be creating.

158 Developing period: A Super Resource Delivery Centre Cities will be built in between Mining Cities for more large trading when cities chain developing stably (Mining – Mining Cities). A large cities network will be creating.

into / attac

Rule for establishment of cities moving network

average resources per person decrease

Beginning

Beginning

original city been dimolished

Green space rebuild

City will be moved and located nearby resources

Resource as attractor

Mining City type - Cities have ability for mining resources to be burned for fuel or a producing center in Taihu region. Having multiple industrial chain.

Key words: Producer, miner.

Each city n

cities for b because delivery o expand city Resource area delivery center City type - Cities mainly act as a resource centre or trade centre in between the Mining cities and Accepting cities to reduce the ting expan

MOVING CITY

distance achieving convenience transport. And also act as resources organization to distribute and exchange the resource to other Accepting Cities.

Delivery City type - this small cities aim to delivery resources from Mining city, wh seem like freight company to shipping the product to destination speedily ( Mining Cities—— Resource Delivery Centre Cities, Resource Delivery Centre Cities —— Accepting Cities, Accepting Cities —— Mining Cities.). the majority group of people who live in here was staff working on this freightage system.

Land use been demolished and transformed into green space gradually (setting data in period)

Scenario

The original city will be demolished and transformed onto green space.

A newly built walkable city to live and search for resources

Accept City type - Cities has limited industrial direction, which might not to get

10 years

enough resources for completely self-sufficient. So they has to highly rely on the resources delivery from Mining Cities types.

Resource as attractor for city moving（ Mining Cities - Accepting Cities & Deliv2nd Moving period: cities as a chain/ group moving for searching ery cities - Resource Delivery Centre natural resources when the cities chain has been built stably.

Cities) Developing period: A Super Resource Delivery Centre Cities will be Developing period: Accepting Cities types been attracted by Mining built in between Mining Cities for more large trading when cities Cities to gathering around, and start to build moving chain of MiningThe trade / shipping relationshipchain from developing stably (Mining – Mining Cities). A large cities net– Accepting Cities with Resource Delivery Centre Cities. (base on “Mining Cities —— Accepting Cities” work to will be creating. the rule from establishment of cities network). A cities chain will be “Resource Delivery Centre Cities —— creating.

Accepting Cities” (setting data in period and amount of number) 1st Moving period: city moving separately and individually for searching Mining naturalcity resources when the trading system between searching resourccities not been es built strong.

Rule

Accept City type

Resource Delivery Center City type

Accepting city searching Mining Trading connection through DeConvenient – Accepting Large storage of resources livery City (Mining Single or limited Developing city transport resource industrial chain City)

ild

City chain engaged by Resource Center City (Mining – Small area Small population Resource Center – Accepting)

Distribute by government

Easy operation

Delivery city across different city

of number) In order to classify quality of city, we will start to research the distribution characteristics of nature resource and classification of Chinese cities' tier, particularly in Taihu region.

High speed

2020

2.Resource Delivery Centre Cities will be increased because of more Accepting Cities (setting data in period and amount

Large city network Each city is unique

That will understand how the development direction of city in industry and trade area, even what kind of industry they rely on.

Additional

Rule - city system merge accept city Rule for establishment of cities moving network

2025

rule

Accepting Cities have possibility merge to Mining Cities.

Mining City type - Cities have ability for mining resources to be burned for fuel or as into / attach a producing center in Taihu region. Having multiple industrial chain.

Key words: Producer, miner.

Each city needs to expanding area of more residential building2035 because of population increasing. (setDeveloping ting expanding system)

Resource delivery center City type - Cities mainly act as a resource delivery cities forthe build centre or trade centre in between the Mining cities and Accepting cities to reduce distance achieving convenience transport. And also act as resources organization to

2030

expand city distribute area andMoving exchange the resource to other Accepting Cities.

Moving

2040

Delivery City type - this small cities aim to delivery resources from Mining city, which

seem like freight company to shipping the product to destination speedily ( Mining Cities—— Resource Delivery Centre Cities, Resource Delivery Centre Cities —— Accepting Cities, Accepting Cities —— Mining Cities.). the majority group of people who live in here was staff working on this freightage system.

Land use been demolished and transformed into green space gradually (setting data in period)

Rule - moving syste

Accept City type - Cities has limited industrial direction, which might not to get enough resources for completely self-sufficient. So they has to highly rely on the resources delivery from Mining Cities types.

Beginning Mining city searching resourc1st Moving esperiod: city moving separately and individually for searching natural resources when the trading system between cities not been built strong.

Resource as attractor for city moving（ years Mining Cities - Accepting Cities &10 Delivery cities - Resource Delivery Centre 2nd Moving period: cities as a chain/ group moving for searching Cities) natural resources when the cities chain has been built stably.

20 years 3rd Moving period: Mining cities in large cities network will move to searching new resource in different direction seems the resource requirement will be different in each Mining Cities, which will led to the Super Resource Delivery Centre Cities relocated the position between the each Mining Cities because of rule 7 ( Resource Delivery Centre Cities setting on center of cities network).

period: A Super Resource Delivery Centre Cities will be The trade / shipping relationship Developing from Developing period: Accepting Cities types been attracted by Mining“Mining Cities —— Accepting Cities” built to in between Mining Cities for more large trading when cities Cities to gathering around, and start to build moving chain of Mining “Resource Delivery Centre Citieschain —— developing stably (Mining – Mining Cities). A large cities net– Accepting Cities with Resource Delivery Centre Cities. (base on Accepting Cities” (setting data inwork will be creating. period the rule from establishment of cities network). A cities chain will be and amount of number) creating.

1.Resource Delivery Centre Cities locate in center of cities network to achieve convenience transport.

d by Rey (Mining – – Accepting)

2020

Organizing resources

Far away from resource

Developed

1.Resource Delivery Centre Cities locate in center of cities network to achieve

Definition of city typestransport. convenience

Delivery City type

Large population

n cts

g

merge accept city

Delivery city across different city

ing City type

ries

Rule - city system

resources decrease/

2.Resource Delivery Centre Cities will be increased because of more Accepting Cities (setting data in period and amount of number)

Large city network

Additional rule Accepting Cities have possibility merge into / attach to Mining Cities.

expand city area

2025

Moving

2030

Each city needs to expanding area of cities for build more residential building because of population increasing. (setting expanding system) 2035

Developing

Mining city Accept city

Moving

2040

Developing

Rule - moving system 10 years

20 years

2nd Moving period: cities as a chain/ group moving for searching natural resources when the cities chain has been built stably.

3rd Moving period: Mining cities in large cities network will move to searching new resource in different direction seems the resource requirement will be different in each Mining Cities, which will led to the Super Resource Delivery Centre Cities relocated the position between the each Mining Cities because of rule 7 ( Resource Delivery Centre Cities setting on center of cities network).

Developing period: A Super Resource Delivery Centre Cities will be built in between Mining Cities for more large trading when cities chain developing stably (Mining – Mining Cities). A large cities network will be creating.

Mining city Accept city

2035

Moving

2040

Developing

2045

Moving

159

2050

Resource Resource delivery center Moving route

2045

Moving

2050

Resource

Resource deliv Moving route

MOVING CITY

R

EFERENCE

CGTN, (2019, September 9). Algae plagued lake in East China gets cleaner. CGTN. https://news. cgtn.com/news/2019-09-19/Algae-plagued-lake-in-east-China-gets-cleaner-K6M1Evw1JC/ index.html Sentinelhub, (2018). Sentinelhub Playground. https://apps.sentinel-hub.com/sentinel-playgro und/?source=S2&lat=31.294981054372283&lng=120.0242615584284&zoom=10&preset=1NATURAL-COLOR&layers=B01,B02,B03&maxcc=100&gain=1.6&gamma=1.0&time=2018-0101%7C2018-07-28&atmFilter=ATMCOR&showDates=false Zhang, Hui & Wang, Qiao & Guangyu, Li & Zhang, Hanpei & Zhang, Jue., (2016). Losses of ecosystem service values in the Taihu Lake Basin from 1979 to 2010. Frontiers of Earth Science.

11. 1-11. 10.1007/s11707-016-0612-1.

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